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Biosocial Criminology: New Directions in Theory and Research (Criminology and Justice Studies)
by Anthony Walsh Kevin M. BeaverIdeal for use, either as a second text in a standard criminology course, or for a discrete course on biosocial perspectives, this book of original chapters breaks new and important ground for ways today's criminologists need to think more broadly about the crime problem.
Biosocial Education: The Social and Biological Entanglements of Learning
by Deborah Youdell Martin R. LindleyIn this groundbreaking text, Youdell and Lindley bring together cutting-edge research from the fields of biology and social science to explore the complex interactions between the diverse processes which impact on education and learning. Transforming the way we think about our students, our classrooms, teaching and learning, Biosocial Education draws on advances in genetics and metabolomics, epigenetics, biochemistry and neuroscience, to illustrate how new understandings of how bodies function can and must inform educational theory, policy and everyday pedagogical practices. Offering detailed insight into new findings in these areas and providing a compelling account of both the implications and limits of this new-found knowledge, the text confronts the mechanisms of interaction between multiple biological and social factors, and explores how educators might mobilize these ‘biosocial’ influences to enhance learning and enable each child to attain educational success. By seeking out transdisciplinary and multi-factor answers to the question of how education works and how children learn, this book lays the foundations for a step-change in the way we approach learning. It is an essential read for researchers, teachers and practitioners involved in educational policy and practice at any level.
Biosocial Foundations of Family Processes (National Symposium on Family Issues)
by Alan Booth Susan M. Mchale Nancy S LandaleBiosocial Research Contributions to Family Processes and Problems, based on the 17th annual National Symposium on Family Issues, examines biosocial models and processes in the context of the family. Research on both biological and social/environmental influences on behavior, health, and development is represented, including behavioral endocrinology, behavior genetics, neuroscience, evolutionary psychology, sociology, demography, anthropology, economics, and psychology. The authors consider physiological and social environmental influences on parenting and early childhood development, followed by adolescent adjustment, and family formation. Also, factors that influence how families adapt to social inequalities are examined.
Biosocial Interplay During Elementary School: Pathways Toward Maladaptation in Young Children
by Kirby Deater-Deckard Pol A. C. van LierThis book examines the effects of social relations during primary school on children’s neurobiology and pathways to maladaptation. It explores the ways in which after the transition to primary education children, supervised by teachers, need to function with their peers. The volume addresses issues affecting 10% to 20% of children who become poorly accepted or victimized by peers, receive low support by teachers or even have conflictual relations with teachers, and may perceive the classroom as a whole as nonsupportive. Key areas of coverage include:Detrimental effects of such social experiences, providing an overview of how such experiences affect children’s neurobiology factors to understand why these children develop maladaptive outcomes.Manifestations of social relations, their complexity, interrelations, and pathways leading to the maladaptive outcomes.How genetic factors may evoke children’s social environment and make them susceptible to its impact (e.g., findings on DNA methylation at both epigenome-wide level as well as on particular loci on candidate genes).Links between social environmental stressors and the psychophysiology of elementary school children and reviews both links with the autonomic nervous system as well as with the HPA-axis.The impact of social experiences on neurocognitive function development, decision making, and structural and functional brain development and discusses implications for research, prevention, and intervention. Biosocial Interplay During Elementary School is a must-have resource for researchers, professors, and graduate students as well as clinicians and other professionals in clinical child, school, and developmental psychology, educational psychology/policy and politics, social work, neuroscience, public health, and all related disciplines.
Biosocial Surveys
by National Research Council of the National AcademiesBiosocial Surveys analyzes the latest research on the increasing number of multipurpose household surveys that collect biological data along with the more familiar interviewer–respondent information. This book serves as a follow-up to the 2003 volume, Cells and Surveys: Should Biological Measures Be Included in Social Science Research? and asks these questions: What have the social sciences, especially demography, learned from those efforts and the greater interdisciplinary communication that has resulted from them? Which biological or genetic information has proven most useful to researchers? How can better models be developed to help integrate biological and social science information in ways that can broaden scientific understanding? This volume contains a collection of 17 papers by distinguished experts in demography, biology, economics, epidemiology, and survey methodology. It is an invaluable sourcebook for social and behavioral science researchers who are working with biosocial data.
Biosocial Theories of Crime
by KevinM. BeaverBiosocial criminology is an emerging perspective that highlights the interdependence between genetic and environmental factors in the etiology of antisocial behaviors. However, given that biosocial criminology has only recently gained traction among criminologists, there has not been any attempt to compile some of the "classic" articles on this topic. Beaver and Walsh's edited volume addresses this gap in the literature by identifying some of the most influential biosocial criminological articles and including them in a single resource. The articles covered in this volume examine the connection between genetics and crime, evolutionary psychology and crime, and neuroscience and crime. This volume will be a valuable resource for anyone interested in understanding the causes of crime from a biosocial criminological perspective.
Biosocialities, Genetics and the Social Sciences: Making Biologies and Identities
by Sahra Gibbon Carlos NovasBiosocialities, Genetics and the Social Sciences explores the social, cultural and economic transformations that result from innovations in genomic knowledge and technology. This pioneering collection uses Paul Rabinow’s concept of biosociality to chart the shifts in social relations and ideas about nature, biology and identity brought about by developments in biomedicine. Based on new empirical research, it contains chapters on genomic research into embryonic stem cell therapy, breast cancer, autism, Parkinson’s and IVF treatment, as well as on the expectations and education surrounding genomic research. It covers four main themes: novel modes of identity and identification, such as genetic citizenship the role of institutions, ranging from disease advocacy organizations and voluntary organizations to the state the production of biological knowledge, novel life-forms, and technologies the generation of wealth and commercial interests in biology. Including an afterword by Paul Rabinow and case studies on the UK, US, Canada, Germany, India and Israel, this book is key reading for students and researchers of the new genetics and the social sciences – particularly medical sociologists, medical anthropologists and those involved with science and technology studies.
Biosociology: Bridging the Biology-Sociology Divide
by Anthony WalshAnthony Walsh bridges the divide separating sociology from biology—a divide created in the late nineteenth century when sociology emerged from the fields of social theory and philosophy. Walsh focuses on the viewpoint held by former American Sociological Association president Douglas Massey: sociologists have allowed the fact that we are social beings to obscure the biological foundations upon which our behaviour ultimately rests.Walsh argues that sociology has nothing to fear and a wealth of riches to gain if it pays attention to the theories, concepts, and methodologies of the biological sciences. Both study the same phenomena. Beginning with an examination of the reasons why we need a biosocial approach, Walsh explores sociology's traditional "taboo" concepts (reductionism, essentialism, etc.) and how those concepts are viewed in the natural sciences.Throughout the work, the author introduces relevant concepts from genetics and the neurosciences, using examples that will appeal to all sociologists. Later chapters apply his introductory arguments to traditional substantive sociological issues such as culture, crime, gender, socialization, social class, and the family. This book will be essential to all sociologists, evolutionary biologists, and scholars interested in the history of this important divide between the fields and where it currently stands.
Biosolids Applied to Land: Advancing Standards and Practices
by National Research CouncilThe 1993 regulation (Part 503 Rule) governing the land application of biosolids was established to protect public health and the environment from reasonably anticipated adverse effects. Included in the regulation are chemical pollutant limits, operational standards designed to reduce pathogens and the attraction of disease vectors, and management practices. This report from the Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology evaluates the technical methods and approaches used by EPA to establish those standards and practices, focusing specifically on human health protection. The report examines improvements in risk-assessment practices and advances in the scientific database since promulgation of the regulation, and makes recommendations for addressing public health concerns, uncertainties, and data gaps about the technical basis of the biosolids standards.
Biosolids Engineering and Management (Handbook of Environmental Engineering #7)
by Lawrence K. Wang Yung-Tse Hung Nazih K. ShammasThis is a collection of methods of practical design, calculation and numerical examples that illustrate how organized, analytical reasoning can lead to the discovery of clear, direct solutions to pollution especially in the areas of biosolids management, treatment, disposal and beneficial use. The book contains an extensive collection of detailed design examples and case histories, and a distinguished panel of authors provides insight into a range of topics.
Biosolids Treatment and Management: Processes for Beneficial Use (Environmental Science & Pollution)
by Mark J. GirovichThis work details the economic, regulatory and environmental protection issues related to biosolids management and use. It evaluates current treatment technologies and management strategies for the beneficial utilization of municipal wastewater residuals. Cost information regarding the relative economic merits of special reuse and disposal methods,
Biosonar (Springer Handbook of Auditory Research #51)
by Arthur N. Popper Richard R. Fay Annemarie Surlykke Paul E. NachtigallTwo groups of animals, bats and odontocetes (toothed whales), have independently developed the ability to orient and detect prey by biosonar (echolocation). This active mechanism of orientation allows these animals to operate under low light conditions. Biosonar is a conceptual overview of what is known about biosonar in bats and odontocetes. Chapters are written by bat and odontocetes experts, resulting in collaborations that not only examine data on both animals, but also compare and contrast mechanisms. This book provides a unique insight that will help improve our understanding of biosonar in both animal groups.
Biosorbents: Diversity, Bioprocessing, and Applications (Emerging Materials and Technologies)
by Dakeshwar Kumar Verma Pramod Kumar Mahish Shailesh Kumar JadhavThis book focuses on the biologically derived adsorbent with numerous applications in wastewater treatment, metal recovery, biosensor development, and so forth. It initiates with the description of biological sources of biosorbents followed by applications of biosorbents, biosorption isotherms, assessment of biosorbents with various tools, pretreatment of biosorbents, and its mode of action. Some less explored areas like separation of radionuclides, biosorption of volatile organic compounds, and animal-based biosorbents are also explained.Features: Focuses on fundamentals, characteristics of flora and fauna-mediated biosorbents used extensively Describes entire aspects of tools and techniques related to assessment and monitoring of biosorbents Includes adsorption kinetics, adsorption isotherm, and mechanism of action of biosorbents Covers advancements in pretreatment methods to enhance the adsorption process of biosorbents Reviews recent applications which include heavy metal removal, dye remediation, and separation of radionuclides and nano-biosorbents This book is aimed at graduate students and researchers in bioprocess engineering, microbiology, and biotechnology.
Biosorption for Wastewater Contaminants
by Pardeep Singh Rangabhashiyam SelvasembianPollution due to various anthropogenic activities continues to increase. In terms of water pollutants, organic and inorganic pollutants are the most problematic. Although several measures have been proposed and implemented to prevent or reduce contamination, their increased concentration in water bodies has created serious concerns. Over the years, the problem has been aggravated by industrialization, urbanization and the exploitation of natural resources. The direct discharge of wastewater contaminants and their geographical mobilization have caused an increase in concentration in ground, surface, fluvial and residual waters. Extensive information about detection and disposal methods is needed in order to develop technological solutions for a variety of environments, both urban and rural. This book provides up-to-date information on wastewater contaminants, aimed at researchers, engineers and technologists working in this field. Conventional physicochemical techniques used to remove contaminants from wastewater include ion exchange, precipitation, degradation, coagulation, coating, membrane processes and adsorption. However, these applications have technological and economic limitations, and involve the release of large amounts of chemical reagents and by-products that are themselves difficult to remove. Biosorption - the use of organically generated material as an adsorbent – is attracting new research and scholarship. Thermally-treated calcined biomaterials may be treated to remove heavy metals from wastewater. To ensure the elimination of these contaminants, existing solutions must be integrated with intelligent biosorption functions. Biosorption for Wastewater Contaminants will find an appreciative audience among academics and postgraduates working in the fields of environmental biotechnology, environmental engineering, wastewater treatment technology and environmental chemistry.
Biosphere Politics: A New Consciousness for a New Century
by Jeremy RifkinThe post-modern world of the 21st century, where our personal and public lives are transformed, reflecting a whole new way of thinking and acting in the world.
Biosphere Reserves and Sustainable Development Goals 1: Scientific and Practical Educational Issues in the Mediterranean
by Angela Barthes Bruno Romagny Catherine CibienSince 1971, UNESCO's Man and the Biosphere (MAB) Programme has embraced a number of principles that link the political, scientific and academic spheres. Biosphere Reserves and Sustainable Development Goals 1 presents these areas as privileged spaces for experimenting with operating methods specific to cross-cutting objectives and issues. These areas encourage the development of interdisciplinary research, supported by a worldwide network to disseminate experience, approaches and knowhow. The various global and local political scales are linked here, with different consequences for the reconfiguration of local political arenas, for specific modes of development linked to a renewed relationship with knowledge, powers and institutions, and for renewed relationships between the worlds of science, education and territorial governance.
Biosphere Reserves and Sustainable Development Goals 2: Issues, Tensions, Processes and Governance in the Mediterranean
by Angela Barthes Bruno Romagny Catherine CibienSince 1971, UNESCO's Man and the Biosphere (MAB) Programme has embraced a number of principles that link the political, scientific and academic spheres. Biosphere Reserves and Sustainable Development Goals 2 is a reminder of the fundamental issues involved in governance. The diversity and multiplicity of stakeholders, and the complexity of the interplay between them, as well as their organization, are decisive factors in the proper management of resources and territories. The book also presents a number of case studies demonstrating that, between the strong development aspirations of their populations, the impact of human activities and the need to conserve their biological heritage, the biosphere reserves of the southern Mediterranean are facing major issues: agricultural pollution, forest fires, water use in a context of climate change, etc.
Biosphere and Environmental Safety
by V. I. OsipovThis book analyses the state of the natural environment and the causes of its degradation using the biosphere approach. Further, those issues that must be resolved immediately on the global level are identified following the ideas defined by V.I. Vernadsky, and new principles of Man-Nature interaction are pursued. The modern world currently faces three global trends inducing biosphere degradation and the aggravation of ecological hazards, namely: a) rapid and uncontrolled growth of human population on the Earth and insufficient natural resources to sustain it; (b) technogenesis development; and (c) global climate change and the aggravation of natural disasters. Ecological safety and military security are becoming the crucial conditions for the survival of modern civilization. To mitigate the ecological strain on the Earth, the technogenesis strategy should be changed and many other pressing issues must be resolved. These problems should be addressed using the biosphere approach, because the individual human being is the biosphere constituent, and his or her safety cannot be provided without maintaining the entire natural system on our planet.
Biostatistical Design and Analysis Using R: A Practical Guide
by Dr Murray LoganR — the statistical and graphical environment is rapidly emerging as an important set of teaching and research tools for biologists. This book draws upon the popularity and free availability of R to couple the theory and practice of biostatistics into a single treatment, so as to provide a textbook for biologists learning statistics, R, or both. An abridged description of biostatistical principles and analysis sequence keys are combined together with worked examples of the practical use of R into a complete practical guide to designing and analyzing real biological research. Topics covered include: simple hypothesis testing, graphing exploratory data analysis and graphical summaries regression (linear, multi and non-linear) simple and complex ANOVA and ANCOVA designs (including nested, factorial, blocking, spit-plot and repeated measures) frequency analysis and generalized linear models. Linear mixed effects modeling is also incorporated extensively throughout as an alternative to traditional modeling techniques. The book is accompanied by a companion website www.wiley.com/go/logan/r with an extensive set of resources comprising all R scripts and data sets used in the book, additional worked examples, the biology package, and other instructional materials and links.
Biostatistical Methods
by John M. LachinPraise for the First Edition". . . an excellent textbook . . . an indispensable reference for biostatisticians and epidemiologists."--International Statistical InstituteA new edition of the definitive guide to classical and modern methods of biostatisticsBiostatistics consists of various quantitative techniques that are essential to the description and evaluation of relationships among biologic and medical phenomena. Biostatistical Methods: The Assessment of Relative Risks, Second Edition develops basic concepts and derives an expanded array of biostatistical methods through the application of both classical statistical tools and more modern likelihood-based theories. With its fluid and balanced presentation, the book guides readers through the important statistical methods for the assessment of absolute and relative risks in epidemiologic studies and clinical trials with categorical, count, and event-time data.Presenting a broad scope of coverage and the latest research on the topic, the author begins with categorical data analysis methods for cross-sectional, prospective, and retrospective studies of binary, polychotomous, and ordinal data. Subsequent chapters present modern model-based approaches that include unconditional and conditional logistic regression; Poisson and negative binomial models for count data; and the analysis of event-time data including the Cox proportional hazards model and its generalizations. The book now includes an introduction to mixed models with fixed and random effects as well as expanded methods for evaluation of sample size and power. Additional new topics featured in this Second Edition include:Establishing equivalence and non-inferiorityMethods for the analysis of polychotomous and ordinal data, including matched data and the Kappa agreement indexMultinomial logistic for polychotomous data and proportional odds models for ordinal dataNegative binomial models for count data as an alternative to the Poisson modelGEE models for the analysis of longitudinal repeated measures and multivariate observationsThroughout the book, SAS is utilized to illustrate applications to numerous real-world examples and case studies. A related website features all the data used in examples and problem sets along with the author's SAS routines.Biostatistical Methods, Second Edition is an excellent book for biostatistics courses at the graduate level. It is also an invaluable reference for biostatisticians, applied statisticians, and epidemiologists.
Biostatistical Methods (Methods in Molecular Biology #184)
by Stephen W. LooneyLeading biostatisticians and biomedical researchers describe many of the key techniques used to solve commonly occurring data analytic problems in molecular biology, and demonstrate how these methods can be used in the development of new markers for exposure to a risk factor or for disease outcomes. Major areas of application include microarray analysis, proteomic studies, image quantitation, genetic susceptibility and association, evaluation of new biomarkers, and power analysis and sample size.
Biostatistician: Passbooks Study Guide (Career Examination Series #C-2292)
by National Learning CorporationThe Biostatistician Passbook® prepares you for your test by allowing you to take practice exams in the subjects you need to study. It provides hundreds of questions and answers in the areas that will likely be covered on your upcoming exam, including but not limited to: Planning, conducting, and evaluating research studies; Descriptive and inferential statistics; Preparation of written material; Understanding and interpreting material presented in tabular form; Supervision; and more.
Biostatistics Decoded
by A. Gouveia OliveiraStudy design and statistical methodology are two important concerns for the clinical researcher. This book sets out to address both issues in a clear and concise manner. The presentation of statistical theory starts from basic concepts, such as the properties of means and variances, the properties of the Normal distribution and the Central Limit Theorem and leads to more advanced topics such as maximum likelihood estimation, inverse variance and stepwise regression as well as, time-to-event, and event-count methods. Furthermore, this book explores sampling methods, study design and statistical methods and is organized according to the areas of application of each of the statistical methods and the corresponding study designs. Illustrations, working examples, computer simulations and geometrical approaches, rather than mathematical expressions and formulae, are used throughout the book to explain every statistical method. Biostatisticians and researchers in the medical and pharmaceutical industry who need guidance on the design and analyis of medical research will find this book useful as well as graduate students of statistics and mathematics with an interest in biostatistics. Biostatistics Decoded: Provides clear explanations of key statistical concepts with a firm emphasis on practical aspects of design and analysis of medical research. Features worked examples to illustrate each statistical method using computer simulations and geometrical approaches, rather than mathematical expressions and formulae. Explores the main types of clinical research studies, such as, descriptive, analytical and experimental studies. Addresses advanced modeling techniques such as interaction analysis and encoding by reference and polynomial regression.
Biostatistics Decoded
by A. Gouveia OliveiraBiostatistics Decoded covered a large number of statistical methods that are mainly applied to clinical and epidemiological research, as well as a comprehensive discussion of study designs for observational research and clinical trials, two important concerns for the clinical researcher. In this second edition, new material is included covering statistical methods and study designs that are used to analyse research. Following the same methodology used in the first edition, the chapters are presented in two levels of detail, one for the reader who wishes only to understand the rationale behind each statistical method, and one for the reader who wishes to understand the computations Key features include: Extensive coverage of the design and analysis of experiments for basic science research Experimental designs are presented together with the statistical methods The rationale of all forms of ANOVA is explained with simple mathematics A comprehensive presentation of statistical tests for multiple comparisons Calculations for all statistical methods are illustrated with examples and explained step-by-step. This book presents biostatistical concepts and methods in a way that is accessible to anyone, regardless of his or her knowledge of mathematics. The topics selected for this book cover will meet the needs of clinical professionals to readers in basic science research.
Biostatistics For Dummies
by Monika Wahi John C. PezzulloBreak down biostatistics, make sense of complex concepts, and pass your class If you're taking biostatistics, you may need or want a little extra assistance as you make your way through. Biostatistics For Dummies follows a typical biostatistics course at the college level, helping you understand even the most difficult concepts, so you can get the grade you need. Start at the beginning by learning how to read and understand mathematical equations and conduct clinical research. Then, use your knowledge to analyze and graph your data. This new edition includes more example problems with step-by-step walkthroughs on how to use statistical software to analyze large datasets. Biostatistics For Dummies is your go-to guide for making sense of it all. Review basic statistics and decode mathematical equations Learn how to analyze and graph data from clinical research studies Look for relationships with correlation and regression Use software to properly analyze large datasets Anyone studying in clinical science, public health, pharmaceutical sciences, chemistry, and epidemiology-related fields will want this book to get through that biostatistics course.