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Applied Soil Hydrology (Theory and Applications of Transport in Porous Media #32)
by Hana Hlaváčiková Viliam NovákThis state-of-the-art book clearly explains the basic principles of soil hydrology and the current knowledge in this field. It particularly highlights the estimation and application of measurements and evaluation of soil-hydrophysical characteristics using simulation models, with a focus on elucidating the basic hydrophysical characteristics of soil, such as soil water potential and hydraulic conductivity, as well as the methods of measurement. It also addresses topics such as stony soil, water repellent soils, and water movement modeling in those media. The book presents soil hydrology in a simple way, while quantitatively expressing the soil water state and movement. It clearly and precisely describes basic terms of soil hydrology with a minimum of mathematics. It also includes the latest research findings in the field as well as the basics of the mathematical modeling of water movement in the soil-plant-atmosphere system (SPAS), using original research results to illustrate these issues.This book is of interest to all scientists and professionals in soil hydrology, including beginners, as well as those interested and working in hydrology in general and soil hydrology in particular. In addition, it can also be used by specialists and students in related fields like agronomy, forestry, meteorology, hydrology, environmental engineering, environmental protection, and geography.
Applying Nature's Design: Corridors as a Strategy for Biodiversity Conservation (Issues, Cases, and Methods in Biodiversity Conservation)
by Anthony Anderson Clinton JenkinsThe fragmenting of habitats is endangering animal populations and degrading or destroying many plant populations throughout the world. To address this problem, conservationists have increasingly turned to biological corridors, areas of land set aside to facilitate the movement of species and ecological processes. However, while hundreds of corridor initiatives are under way worldwide, there is little practical information to guide their design, location, and management. <P><P>Applying Nature's Design offers a comprehensive overview of current knowledge on corridors, their design, and their implementation. Anthony B. Anderson and Clinton N. Jenkins examine a variety of conceptual and practical issues associated with corridors and provide detailed case studies from around the world. Their work considers how to manage and govern corridors, how to build support among various interest groups for corridors, and the obstacles to implementation. In addition to assessing various environmental and ecological challenges, the authors are the first to consider the importance of socioeconomic and political issues in creating and maintaining corridors.
Approaches in Bioremediation: The New Era of Environmental Microbiology and Nanobiotechnology (Nanotechnology in the Life Sciences)
by Ram Prasad Elisabet ArandaBioremediation refers to the clean‐up of pollution in soil, groundwater, surface water, and air using typically microbiological processes. It uses naturally occurring bacteria and fungi or plants to degrade, transform or detoxify hazardous substances to human health or the environment.For bioremediation to be effective, microorganisms must enzymatically attack the pollutants and convert them to harmless products. As bioremediation can be effective only where environmental conditions permit microbial growth and action, its application often involves the management of ecological factors to allow microbial growth and degradation to continue at a faster rate. Like other technologies, bioremediation has its limitations. Some contaminants, such as chlorinated organic or high aromatic hydrocarbons, are resistant to microbial attack. They are degraded either gradually or not at all, hence, it is not easy to envisage the rates of clean-up for bioremediation implementation.Bioremediation represents a field of great expansion due to the important development of new technologies. Among them, several decades on metagenomics expansion has led to the detection of autochthonous microbiota that plays a key role during transformation. Transcriptomic guides us to know the expression of key genes and proteomics allow the characterization of proteins that conduct specific reactions. In this book we show specific technologies applied in bioremediation of main interest for research in the field, with special attention on fungi, which have been poorly studied microorganisms. Finally, new approaches in the field, such as CRISPR-CAS9, are also discussed. Lastly, it introduces management strategies, such as bioremediation application for managing affected environment and bioremediation approaches. Examples of successful bioremediation applications are illustrated in radionuclide entrapment and retardation, soil stabilization and remediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, phenols, plastics or fluorinated compounds. Other emerging bioremediation methods include electro bioremediation, microbe-availed phytoremediation, genetic recombinant technologies in enhancing plants in accumulation of inorganic metals, and metalloids as well as degradation of organic pollutants, protein-metabolic engineering to increase bioremediation efficiency, including nanotechnology applications are also discussed.
Approaches to Heavy Metal Tolerance in Plants
by Sumira Jan Javid Ahmad ParrayThis book summarizes the development of highly tolerant cultivars via plant breeding, genomics, and proteomic approaches. This book could supplement data for budding researchers by providing extensive ongoing measures to improve the detoxification competence of appropriate species via wide range of plant improvement approaches. It also offers insights into heavy metal signalling,metal chelation by organic acids, amino acids, and phosphate derivatives, and illustrates other strategies that have been extensively investigated, such as genetic engineering, ecological improvement of the rhizosphere using mycorrhiza and chelator enhanced phytoremediation technology. This book could provide simple anthology for undergraduate and postgraduate students to understand fundamentals of heavy metal pollution in the environment. The book closes with a prelude to an inclusive study of biodiversity that could provide new biofilters for metal detoxification.
The Approaching Great Transformation: Toward a Liveable Post Carbon Economy
by Joel MagnusonJoel Magnuson's visionary insights into the decline of the Oil Age and life afterward combine sobering warnings with genuine hope. The facts are hard: global oil deposits will soon peak if they haven't already and the violent race to secure what's left has already begun. Meanwhile, our culture of consumption continues its heedless dependence on this and other scarce and fast-disappearing resources including other fossil fuels, water, topsoil, and basic metals. The consequences won't just be expensive gasoline. The very nature of life as we've come to know it will change and Magnuson explains how compounding factors like global warming, skyrocketing debt, and ill-prepared governments stand to turn this inevitable change into a needless catastrophe. But the hope is real: individuals and communities around the world have already begun taking action to shift away from consumer culture. Drawing on the visionary work of E.F. Schumacher, John Ruskin, and other pioneering thinkers, Magnuson argues that mindful and concerted action can shape the future. With an emphasis on current transitional projects like B Corporations and LETS projects, he shows that the true great transformation is already underway and it's up to us to continue it. With a foreword by Helena Norberg-Hodge, founder and director of the International Society for Ecology and Culture (ISEC)
The Approaching Great Transformation
by Joel Magnuson Helena Norberg-HodgeHow should we act and think economically in the world as the era of cheap oil comes to an end? The Approaching Great Transformation begins to answer this massive question, focusing on the people and communities already at work on the transition: energy descent pioneers in the UK and the US educating their communities about the road ahead, small enterprises defying traditional "profit" in favor of permanence and sustainability, and cities preparing for a post carbon future.Highlighting the work of thinkers like John Ruskin and E. F. Schumacher, Magnuson here builds on his previous book, Mindful Economics. is already being done. The Approaching Great Transformation extends the ideas put forth in Magnuson's previous book,Mindful Economics, and features a foreword by Helena Noberg-Hodge.
Aquaman and the War against Oceans: Comics Activism and Allegory in the Anthropocene (Encapsulations: Critical Comics Studies)
by Ryan PollThe reimagining of Aquaman in The New 52 transformed the character from a joke to an important figure of ecological justice. In Aquaman and the War against Oceans, Ryan Poll argues that in this twenty-first-century iteration, Aquaman becomes an accessible figure for charting environmental violences endemic to global capitalism and for developing a progressive and popular ecological imagination. Poll contends that The New 52 Aquaman should be read as an allegory that responds to the crises of the Anthropocene, in which the oceans have become sites of warfare and mass death. The Aquaman series, which works to bridge the terrestrial and watery worlds, can be understood as a form of comics activism by its visualizing and verbalizing how the oceans are beyond the projects of the &“human&” and &“humanism&” and, simultaneously, are all-too-human geographies that are inextricable from the violent structures of capitalism, white supremacy, and patriarchy. The New 52 Aquaman, Poll demonstrates, proves an important form of ocean literacy in particular and ecological literacy more generally.
Aquarium
by Cynthia Alonso<P>A girl ventures to the water's edge, dreaming of a new friend. And, just like that, a beguiling red fish leaps into her life. But is friendship a sea these two can navigate together? <P>From debut Argentinian author-illustrator Cynthia Alonso comes a wordless picture book about the timeless beauty of nature, the transcendent power of connection, and the importance of letting go.
Aquarium: (aquarium Books For Kids, Picture Book About Marine Animals, Nature Books)
by Cynthia AlonsoA girl ventures to the water's edge, dreaming of a new friend. And, just like that, a beguiling red fish leaps into her life. But is friendship a sea these two can navigate together? From debut Argentinian author-illustrator Cynthia Alonso comes a wordless picture book about the timeless beauty of nature, the transcendent power of connection, and the importance of letting go.
Aquariums
by J.D. KurtnessAn intimate yet wide-sweeping story of a marine biologist working to save ocean ecosystems from climate change.With the world’s oceans ravaged by climate change, Émeraude, a young marine biologist, works to preserve aquatic ecosystems by recreating them for zoos. When her work earns her a spot aboard a research vessel with an extended mission in the Arctic, it is the inescapable draw of the ocean that will save her when the world she leaves behind is irrevocably changed.Stories of Émeraude’s ancestors — a young sailor abandoned at birth, a conjuror who mixes potions for her neighbours, a violent young man who hides in the woods to escape an even more violent war, and a talented young singer born to a mother who cannot speak — weave their way through her intimate reflections on a modest life, unknowingly shaped by those who came before.A RARE MACHINES BOOK
Aquascaping: A Step-by-Step Guide to Planting, Styling, and Maintaining Beautiful Aquariums
by George FarmerLearn how to create and maintain your own underwater ecosystem. Aquascaping is the art of creating beautiful aquariums with natural materials and live plants. From the brilliance of Takashi Amano and numerous other innovators, aquascapes have become a popular way to enjoy aquariums. In Aquascaping: A Step-by-Step Guide to Planting, Styling, and Maintaining Beautiful Underwater Aquariums, planted aquarium expert George Farmer teaches how to create the perfect aquascape. Included in this book are full-color photographs that will supply readers with: Step-by-step instructions on setting up your tankDifferent styling suggestions that best suit your landscapeHow to pick plants, rocks, driftwood, substrate, and aquatic lifeUnderstanding the chemistry and biology involved in keeping a healthy aquariumMaintenance and upkeepAnd much more Creating an underwater ecosystem is not only a rewarding experience, but can bring much peace and relaxation to your life. So whether you&’re a novice aquarist or seasoned aquascaper, Aquascaping will teach you all the tricks of the trade so that your beautiful aquarium can be enjoyed by family, friends, and, most importantly, yourself.
Aquatic Biodiversity Conservation and Ecosystem Services (Ecological Research Monographs)
by Shin-Ichi Nakano Tetsukazu Yahara Tohru NakashizukaThis volume examines the topic of local biodiversity conservation in the Asia-Pacific region, one of the most rapidly changing areas in the world. With a focus on aquatic systems, this book offers insight on the state of local biodiversity, challenges in management and conservation of biodiversity, and newly developed methods for monitoring biodiversity. In addition, because the service provided by an ecosystem for humans is interlinked with conservation, the final part is dedicated to evaluating the socioeconomic aspect of ecosystem services, with special reference to local biodiversity. In effect, all contributions provide information that is invaluable for effective conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity. This work will interest all stakeholders in biodiversity conservation, including policy makers, NPOs, NGOs, environment-related industries, and biodiversity researchers, not only in the Asia-Pacific region, but also across the entire globe.
Aquatic Biopolymers: Understanding their Industrial Significance and Environmental Implications (Springer Series on Polymer and Composite Materials)
by Ololade OlatunjiThis book presents a comprehensive survey about the most recent developments in industrial applications, processing techniques and modifications of polymers from marine sources. It systematically introduces the reader to the biomaterials Chitin, Collagen, Alginates, Cellulose and Polyesters and links their interwoven industrial significance and environmental implications. The book elucidates the impact of industrial sourcing of the aquatic system for organic and inorganic matter on the environment and deepens the understanding of the industrial and economic significance of aquatic biopolymers. Further it addresses the question of how to balance the conservation of aquatic life and the industrial and economic interest in developing biodegradable alternatives for plastic. Thus the book will appeal to scientists in the field of chemistry, materials and polymer science as well as engineering.
Aquatic Dicotyledons of North America: Ecology, Life History, and Systematics
by Donald H. LesAquatic Dicotyledons of North America: Ecology, Life History, and Systematics brings together a wealth of information on the natural history, ecology, and systematics of North American aquatic plants. Most books on aquatic plants have a taxonomic focus and are intended primarily for identification. Instead, this book provides a comprehensive overview of the biology of major aquatic species by compiling information from numerous sources that lie scattered among the primary literature, herbarium databases, and other reference materials. Included dicotyledon species are those having an obligate (OBL) wetland status, a designation used in the USACE National Wetland Plant List. Recent phylogenetic analyses are incorporated and rationale is provided for interpreting this information with respect to species relationships. This diverse assemblage of information will be useful to a wide range of interests including academic researchers, wildlife managers, students, and virtually anyone interested in the natural history of aquatic and wetland plants. Although focusing specifically on North America, the cosmopolitan distribution of many aquatic plants should make this an attractive text to people working virtually anywhere outside of the region as well. This book is an essential resource for assisting with wetland delineation.
Aquatic Ecosystems Monitoring: Conventional Assessment to Advanced Remote Sensing
by Prem Chandra Pandey, Prashant K. Srivastava, and Sanjeev Kumar SrivastavaThis book collates traditional and modern applications of remote sensing in aquatic ecosystem monitoring. It covers conventional assessment methods like sampling, surveying, macroinvertebrates, and chlorophyll estimation for aquatic ecosystem health assessment. Advanced remote sensing technology provides timely spectral information for quantitative and qualitative assessment of water quality, shoreline changes, coral bleaching, and vegetation monitoring. The book covers different types of aquatic ecosystems like wetlands, rivers, lakes, saline, and the brackish lake. It also: Reviews the latest applications of remote sensing in the monitoring and assessment of aquatic ecosystems Includes traditional methods like cartography, sampling, surveying, phytoplankton assessment, river interlinking, and chlorophyll estimation Discusses the application of multi-source data and machine learning in monitoring aquatic ecosystems Discusses aquatic ecosystem management, services, threats, and sustainability Explores challenges, opportunities, and prospects of future Earth observation applications for aquatic ecosystem monitoring The book discusses space-borne, airborne, and drone geospatial data. The parts broadly cover aquatic ecosystem monitoring, vegetation management, advanced modeling practices, and challenges. It is meant for scientists, professionals, and policymakers working in environmental sciences, remote sensing, and geology.
Aquatic Habitats in Sustainable Urban Water Management: Urban Water Series - UNESCO-IHP
by Iwona Wagner; Jiri Marsalek; Pascal BreilAquatic habitats supply a wide range of vital ecosystem benefits to cities and their inhabitants. The unsustainable use of aquatic habitats, including inadequate urban water management itself, however, tends to alter and reduce their biodiversity and therewith diminish their ability to provide clean water, protect us from waterborne diseases and po
Aquatic Mesocosm Studies in Ecological Risk Assessment
by Robert L. GraneyA Special Publication of the Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC)Aquatic Mesocosm Studies in Ecological Risk Assessment discusses the methods currently used for conducting simulated field studies and provides a series of case histories in which mesocosm type studies have been used to assess the impact of pesticides on aquatic ecosystems. Specific chapters address the dosing and exposure components of such studies and how they influence experimental design. Advantages and disadvantages of various statistical designs are addressed in detail. Regulatory aspects of the design and interpretation of these studies are also covered. The book will be a superb reference for aquatic biologists, ecologists, toxicologists, environmental toxicologists, environmental chemists, and regulatory personnel.
Aquatic Monocotyledons of North America: Ecology, Life History, and Systematics
by Donald H. LesThis book brings together information on the natural history, ecology and systematics of North American aquatic monocotyledons. The book is an overview of the biology of major aquatic species by compiling information from numerous sources that lie scattered among the primary literature, herbarium databases, and other reference sources. Information on more than 300 species in 87 genera of monocotyledons will be included. Recent phylogenetic analyses will be incorporated. Although focusing specifically on North America, the cosmopolitan distribution of many aquatic plants should make this an attractive text to people working virtually anywhere outside of the region as well. Key Selling Features: The primary source of natural history information on aquatic plants Comprehensive lists of ecological associates Synthetic overview of systematic relationships of aquatic species and genera Practical information for rare and invasive plant managers Essential guide to facilitate wetland delineation
Aquatic Pollution: Concerns and Abatement
by Imtiyaz Qayoom Adnan Abubakr Anu Gopinath Shabir A. Dar Keezia KhurshidThis book discusses the sources, mechanism, impact and abatement of pollution in waterbodies and lays a base foundation for further research. In this book, readers will also get acquainted with the methods of decontamination of lakes by phytoremediation, pesticide removal techniques from lakes, toxic site reclamation and environmental sustainability using microbial aspects associated with clean-up of wastes.Based on the issues related to pollution of aquatic environments, the subject matter of this book includes: Nanoplastic Pollutants Affecting Fisheries Sector All Over the World Freshwater Floral Diversities as Pollution Indicators Radioactive Waste: Sources and Impact on Environment Environmental Sustainability Using Microbial Aspects Associated With Clearing Up Waste Nitrates and Phosphates: Boon or Bane for Waterbodies Print edition not for sale in South Asia (India, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bangladesh, Pakistan and Bhutan)
Aquatopia: Climate Interventions (Critical Climate Studies)
by May Joseph Sofia VarinoAquatopia documents Harmattan Theater’s ecological interventions and traces its engagements with water-bound landscapes, colonial histories, climate change, and public space across New York City, Venice, Amsterdam, Lisbon, and Cochin. The volume uses Harmattan’s site-specific performances as a point of departure to consider climate change and rising sea levels as geographical, ecological, and urban phenomena. Instead of a collection of flat, static surfaces, the Aquatopia atlas is animated by a disorienting, anti-mapping strategy, producing a deterritorialized, nomadic, fluid atlas unfolding in real time as an archive of climate change in multidimensional, active space. The book is designed for pedagogical access, with interludes that consolidate the learning outcomes of the experimental theory animating each site-specific performance. Accompanied by close descriptions of five performances and supplemented by digital documentation available online, this volume intervenes in discussions on climate change, urbanism, and postcolonization/decolonialization, and contributes to interdisciplinary studies of ecology and environmental politics, postcolonial/decolonial theories and practices, performance studies and aesthetics, in particular public art, and performance as research.
Aquí en la Tierra: Argumentos para la esperanza
by Tim FlanneryTim Flannery quiere ofrecernos un cambio de perspectiva y nos invita a reconsiderar nuestro lugar en la Tierra, qué significa realmente estar vivos. Aquí en la Tierra es una revolucionaria doble biografía de nuestro planeta y de nuestra especie. Flannery recrea la trayectoria del mundo, desde sus orígenes como una caótica masa de gases elementales a los paisajes abarrotados que ahora habitamos. Y es una historia asombrosa. ¿Cómo surgió la vida? ¿Qué fuerzas le dieron forma? ¿Cómo llegamos a convertirnos en la especie dominante? ¿Cuándo empezamos a alterar el planeta? Y lo que es más importante, ¿cómo nos ha cambiado como especie? La formidable fuerza de la naturaleza nunca ha sido tan bien representada como en este libro. Ni, sorprendentemente, el poder transformador de las ideas. La más feroz rivalidad por la supervivencia ha dado paso a la cooperación. Y el desafío al que ahora nos enfrentamos es cómo preservar el frágil equilibrio del planeta. Nuestro destino está en nuestras manos. Pero primero tendremos que saber quiénes somos. Reseñas:«Absorbente, divertido e increíblemente erudito.»Bill Bryson «Flannery ha conseguido unir la historia del planeta, la biología evolutiva y su propia experiencia. Es el triunfo de lo interdisciplinar, y merece ser ampliamente leído.»Financial Times «Un libro maravilloso. Indispensable para optimistas y para pesimistas.»New Scientist
Aquí era el paraíso / Here Was Paradise: Selección de poemas de Humberto Ak’abal / Selected Poems of Humberto Ak’abal
by Humberto Ak'abalA collection of poetry by one of the greatest Indigenous poets of the Americas about the vanished world of his childhood — that of the Maya K’iche’. Aquí era el paraíso / Here Was Paradise is a selection of poems written by the great Maya poet Humberto Ak’abal. They evoke his childhood in and around the Maya K’iche’ village of Momostenango, Guatemala, and also describe his own role as a poet of the place. Ak’abal writes about children, and grandfathers, and mothers, and animals, and ghosts, and thwarted love, and fields, and rains, and poetry, and poverty, and death. The poetry was written for adults but can also be read and loved by young people, especially in this collection, beautifully illustrated by award-winning Guatemalan-American illustrator Amelia Lau Carling. Ak’abal is famous worldwide as one of the great contemporary poets in the Spanish language, and one of the greatest Indigenous poets of the Americas. Ak’abal created his poems first in K’iche’, then translated them into Spanish. Key Text Features foreword biographical information poems translation Correlates to the Common Core State Standards in English Language Arts: CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.RL.4.2 Determine a theme of a story, drama, or poem from details in the text; summarize the text. CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.RL.5.4 Determine the meaning of words and phrases as they are used in a text, including figurative language such as metaphors and similes. CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.RL.5.5 Explain how a series of chapters, scenes, or stanzas fits together to provide the overall structure of a particular story, drama, or poem. CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.RL.5.7 Analyze how visual and multimedia elements contribute to the meaning, tone, or beauty of a text (e.g., graphic novel, multimedia presentation of fiction, folktale, myth, poem). CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.RL.6.2 Determine a theme or central idea of a text and how it is conveyed through particular details; provide a summary of the text distinct from personal opinions or judgments. CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.RL.6.5 Analyze how a particular sentence, chapter, scene, or stanza fits into the overall structure of a text and contributes to the development of the theme, setting, or plot.
The Arabian Seas: Biodiversity, Environmental Challenges and Conservation Measures
by Laith A. JawadThe Arabian Seas Marine Region encompasses marine areas from Djibouti to Pakistan, including the northern part of Somalia, the Red Sea, the Arabian/Persian Gulf, and parts of the Arabian Sea. Human pressures on the coastal and marine environments are evident throughout the region, and have resulted in harmful environmental effects. Oil and domestic, urban and industrial pollutants in several areas of this part of the world have caused local habitat degradation, eutrophication and algal blooms. Further, coastal landfill, dredging, and sedimentation, as well as nutrient and sediment runoff from phosphate mining, agriculture and grazing, and reduction in freshwater seepage due to groundwater extraction are all contributing to the degradation of coastal environments. This book discusses aspects not covered in other books on the region, which largely focus on marine biodiversity, and examines several environmental challenges that are often ignored, but which have a significant impact on the environment. Evaluating the status quo, it also recommends conservation measures and examines the abiotic factors that play a major main role in the environmental changes. Lastly, the book addresses the biodiversity of the area, providing a general context for the conservation and management measures discussed.
Arabidopsis Protocols (Methods in Molecular Biology #1062)
by Julio Salinas Jose J. Sanchez-SerranoFor several decades, Arabidopsis thaliana has been the organism of choice in the laboratories of many plant geneticists, physiologists, developmental biologists, and biochemists around the world. During this time, a huge amount of knowledge has been acquired on the biology of this plant species, which has resulted in the development of molecular tools that account for much more efficient research. The significance that Arabidopsis would attain in biological research may have been difficult to foresee in the 1980s, when its use in the laboratory started. In the meantime, it has become the model plant organism, much the same way as Drosophila, Caenorhabditis, or mouse have for animal systems. Today, it is difficult to envision research at the cutting edge of plant biology without the use of Arabidopsis. Since the first edition of Arabidopsis Protocols appeared, new developments have fostered an impressive advance in plant biology that prompted us to prepare Arabidopsis Protocols, Second Edition. Completion of the Arabidopsis genome sequence offered for the first time the opportunity to have in hand all of the genetic information required for studying plant function. In addition, the development of whole systems approaches that allow global analysis of gene expression and protein and metabolite dynamics has encouraged scientists to explore new scenarios that are extending the limits of our knowledge.
Aralkum - a Man-Made Desert: The Desiccated Floor of the Aral Sea (Central Asia) (Ecological Studies #218)
by Siegmar-W. Breckle Liliya A. Dimeyeva Nathalia P. Ogar Walter WuchererHaving been the fourth largest lake on the globe roughly 50 years ago, today the Aral Sea no longer exists. Human activities caused its desiccation and the formation of a huge new desert, the Aralkum, which can be regarded as one of the greatest ecological catastrophes and - at the same time - the largest primary succession experiment of mankind. This volume brings together the results of international and interdisciplinary long-term studies on the new desert ecosystem and is divided into four main sections. The first section provides an overview of the physical characteristics of the area and covers geological, pedological, geomorphological and climatological aspects and their dynamics, especially dust-storm dynamics. The second focuses on the biotic aspects and highlights the spatial and temporal patterns of the flora and fauna. In the third section studies and projects aiming to combat desertification by phytomelioration and to develop strategies for the conservation of biodiversity are presented. The book is rounded off with a section providing a synthesis and conclusions.