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Transparency in Global Environmental Governance: Critical Perspectives (Earth System Governance)
by Michael Mason Aarti GuptaA critical assessment of whether transparency is a broadly transformative force in global environmental governance or plays a more limited role.Transparency—openness, secured through greater availability of information—is increasingly seen as part of the solution to a complex array of economic, political, and ethical problems in an interconnected world. The “transparency turn” in global environmental governance in particular is seen in a range of international agreements, voluntary disclosure initiatives, and public-private partnerships. This is the first book to investigate whether transparency in global environmental governance is in fact a broadly transformative force or plays a more limited, instrumental role.After three conceptual, context-setting chapters, the book examines ten specific and diverse instances of “governance by disclosure.” These include state-led mandatory disclosure initiatives that rely on such tools as prior informed consent and monitoring, measuring, reporting and verification; and private (or private-public), largely voluntary efforts that include such corporate transparency initiatives as the Carbon Disclosure Project and such certification schemes as the Forest Stewardship Council. The cases, which focus on issue areas including climate change, biodiversity, biotechnology, natural resource exploitation, and chemicals, demonstrate that although transparency is ubiquitous, its effects are limited and often specific to particular contexts. The book explores in what circumstances transparency can offer the possibility of a new emancipatory politics in global environmental governance.
Transparency in Global Environmental Governance
by Michael Mason Aarti GuptaTransparency -- openness, secured through greater availability of information -- isincreasingly seen as part of the solution to a complex array of economic, political, and ethicalproblems in an interconnected world. The "transparency turn" in global environmentalgovernance in particular is seen in a range of international agreements, voluntary disclosureinitiatives, and public-private partnerships. This is the first book to investigate whethertransparency in global environmental governance is in fact a broadly transformative force or plays amore limited, instrumental role. After three conceptual, context-setting chapters,the book examines ten specific and diverse instances of "governance by disclosure. " Theseinclude state-led mandatory disclosure initiatives that rely on such tools as prior informed consentand monitoring, measuring, reporting and verification; and private (or private-public), largelyvoluntary efforts that include such corporate transparency initiatives as the Carbon DisclosureProject and such certification schemes as the Forest Stewardship Council. The cases, which focus onissue areas including climate change, biodiversity, biotechnology, natural resource exploitation,and chemicals, demonstrate that although transparency is ubiquitous, its effects are limited andoften specific to particular contexts. The book explores in what circumstances transparency canoffer the possibility of a new emancipatory politics in global environmental governance.
Transport and Safety: Systems, Approaches, and Implementation (Springer Transactions in Civil and Environmental Engineering)
by Geetam Tiwari Dinesh MohanThis volume addresses a variety of issues on traffic safety policy, ranging from issues of climate change, urban equity, and transport safety, in a broad global and societal context, while retaining situation-specific details. Written by international experts on issues of transportation and traffic safety, it will be of special interest to advanced researchers in the engineering and planning disciplines working on these issues as well as policy makers concerned with setting up institutions and legislations for traffic safety.
Transport, Climate Change and the City (Routledge Advances in Climate Change Research)
by Robin Hickman David BanisterSustainable mobility has long been sought after in cities around the world, particularly in industrialised countries, but also increasingly in the emerging cities in Asia. Progress however appears difficult to make as the private car, still largely fuelled by petrol or diesel, remains the mainstream mode of use. Transport is the key sector where carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions seem difficult to reduce. Transport, Climate Change and the City seeks to develop achievable and low transport CO2 emission futures in a range of international case studies, including in London, Oxfordshire, Delhi, Jinan and Auckland. The aim is that the scenarios as developed, and the consideration of implementation and governance issues, can help us plan for and achieve attractive future travel behaviours at the city level. The alternative is to continue with only incremental progress against CO2 reduction targets, to ‘sleepwalk’ into climate change difficulties, oil scarcity, a poor quality of life, and to continue with the high traffic casualty figures. The topic is thus critical, with transport viewed as central to the achievement of the sustainable city and reduced CO2 emissions.
Transport for Suburbia: Beyond the Automobile Age
by Paul MeesThe need for effective public transport is greater than ever in the 21st century. With countries like China and India moving towards mass-automobility, we face the prospects of an environmental and urban health disaster unless alternatives are found. It is time to move beyond the automobile age. But while public transport has worked well in the dense cores of some big cities, the problem is that most residents of developed countries now live in dispersed suburbs and smaller cities and towns. These places usually have little or no public transport, and most transport commentators have given up on the task of changing this: it all seems too hard. This book argues that the secret of 'European-style' public transport lies in a generalizable model of network planning that has worked in places as diverse as rural Switzerland, the Brazilian city of Curitiba and the Canadian cities of Toronto and Vancouver. It shows how this model can be adapted to suburban, exurban and even rural areas to provide a genuine alternative to the car, and outlines the governance, funding and service planning policies that underpin the success of the world's best public transport systems.
Transport Moving to Climate Intelligence
by Werner Rothengatter Yoshitsugu Hayashi Wolfgang SchadeTransportation contributes to roughly a fifth of greenhouse gas emissions, and as a growing sector of the economy, its contribution to climate change, if remained unchanged, could even grow. This is particularly true in the developing world, where the growth rates of air and ship transport are expected to exceed those of the EU, and worldwide objectives to curb greenhouse gas emissions by 2050 by sixty to eighty percent could be placed in serious jeopardy. This book addresses the key issues of controlling transportation growth and identifying and implementing measures that would significantly reduce the emissions of greenhouse gases from transport while maintaining its vital role in generating prosperity and mobility for future generations. This book describes the challenge that transport constitutes today as well as its role in the future for climate policy. It will discuss and provide hands-on suggestions for transportation policy that will mitigate the greenhouse gas emissions from transport. The book is organized into five parts. Part One presents an overview of transport and climate policy in the context of the recent economic crisis. Part Two examines the problems and proposed solutions for curbing emissions from transport in industrialized countries while Parts Three and Four deal with the developing world, with a particular focus on India and China. Part Five discusses tested solutions and provides policy recommendations making this book of interest to a broad audience of both policy-makers and academics concerned with the role of transport in reducing global climate change.
Transport of Water versus Transport over Water
by Carlos Ocampo-Martinez Rudy R. NegenbornThis book aims at stimulating discussion between researchers working on state of the art approaches for operational control and design of transport of water on the one hand and researchers working on state of the art approaches for transport over water on the other hand. The main contribution of the book as a whole is to present novel perspectives ultimately leading to the management of an envisioned unified management framework taking the recent advances from both worlds as a baseline. The book is intended to be a reference for control-oriented engineers who manage water systems with either or both purposes in mind (transport of water, transport of goods over water). It highlights the possible twofold nature of water projects, where water either acts as primary object of study or as a means. The book is dedicated to comparing and relating to one another different strategies for (operational) management and control of different but strongly related systems in the framework of the water. In that sense, the book presents different approaches treating both the transport of water and transport over water. It compares the different approaches within the same field, highlighting their distinguishing features and advantages according to selected qualitative indices, and demonstrates the interaction and cross-relations between both fields. It will also help to determine the gaps and common points for both fields towards the design of such a unifying framework, which is lacking in the literature. Additionally, the book looks at case studies where the design of modeling/control strategies of either transport of water or transport over water have been proposed, discussed or simulated.
Transport Revolutions: Moving People and Freight Without Oil
by Richard Gilbert Anthony PearlTransport Revolutions: Moving People and Freight without Oil sets out the challenges to our growing dependence on transport fuelled by low-priced oil. These challenges include an early peak in world oil production and profound climate change resulting in part from oil use. It proposes responses to ensure effective, secure movement of people and goods in ways that make the best use of renewable sources of energy while minimizing environmental impacts. Transport Revolutions synthesizes engineering, economics, environment, organization, policy and technology, and draws extensively on current data to present important conclusions. The authors argue that land transport in the first half of the 21st century will feature at least two revolutions. One will involve the use of electric drives rather than internal combustion engines. Another will involve powering many of these drives directly from the electric grid - as trains and trolley buses are powered today - rather than from on-board fuel. They go on to discuss marine transport, whose future is less clear, and aviation, which could see the most dramatic breaks from current practice. With its expert analysis of the politics and business of transport, Transport Revolutions is essential reading for professionals and students in transport, energy, town planning and public policy.
Transportation (The Impact of Environmentalism)
by Andrew SolwayWe are all aware of the importance of the environment - it's in the news, it affects our behavior and the decisions we make every day. But what actual impact has environmental thinking had on the world around us? This thought-provoking book looks at the way new ideas about the environment and sustainability have changed the way we travel, and will so do in the future.
Transportation Mobility in Smart Cities (Springer Tracts on Transportation and Traffic #21)
by Petros Ioannou Andreas A. MalikopoulosThis book covers multiple dimensions of future mobility systems in smart cities, mapping out the innovations that are needed, presenting ideas on how to address the challenges they present and exploring a holistic research path for future developments. The book considers the interaction between: technological developments in modes of transport and transportation systems like autonomous systems and shared mobility that lead to emerging mobility systems; the social behavior of the drivers and travelers who interact with these systems; and the institutional behavior of organized units such as the administrators responsible for the policies involved with transportation governance and regulation. Transportation Mobility in Smart Cities provides methods to analyze, design, and optimize a mobility system, taking into consideration this constellation of social and institutional factors as well as the necessary technological requirements. The result is a mobility system that will be acceptable to travelers without imposing undue inequities in transportation on the smart city. The holistic approach taken in addressing the problems involved with establishing a mobility system within a smart city makes this book attractive to researchers and practitioners, technologists, and policy makers alike. Graduate students working in areas connected with the evolution of transportation systems will also find the material presented in this book instructive.
The Trap
by John SmelcerA gripping wilderness adventure and survival story. Seventeen-year-old Johnny Least-Weasel knows that his grandfather Albert is a stubborn old man and won't stop checking his own trap lines even though other men his age stopped doing so years ago. But Albert Least-Weasel has been running trap lines in the Alaskan wilderness alone for the past sixty years. Nothing has ever gone wrong on the trail he knows so well. When Albert doesn't come back from checking his traps, with the temperature steadily plummeting, Johnny must decide quickly whether to trust his grandfather or his own instincts. Written in alternating chapters that relate the parallel stories of Johnny and his grandfather, this novel poignantly addresses the hardships of life in the far north, suggesting that the most dangerous traps need not be made of steel.
Trapped: Brenna (Vet Volunteers #8)
by Laurie Halse AndersonSomeone's been setting animal traps in the nature preserve behind Brenna's house. She and her older brother, Sage, are furious not only is that illegal, it's hurting and killing defenseless animals where they should be safe. They both want to do something, but Brenna's worried that Sage may have some really extreme plans in mind. Can she rein him in?
Trapping 101: A Complete Guide to Taking Furbearing Animals
by Philip MassaroTips, tactics, and techniques for all skill levels. The ancient art of trapping goes back centuries, almost to the beginning of civilization. Native Americans used the pit trap, deadfalls, and snares, the Chinese documented the use of nets and pits in the fourth century BCE, and virtually every civilization can exhibit some example of the use of a trap in one form or another to procure meat, hides, or fur. The fur trade across Europe was dominated by the Russians, which provided furs to the greater part of Western Europe and Asia during the Middle Ages, which prompted the exploration of Siberia and its game rich forests. In North America, trapping was one of the primary reasons why settlers pushed West, taking advantage of the bountiful game across the continent. Fur was used not only for coats, hats, and mittens, it was used as a form of barter. The taking of a fur-bearing animal was and is a big accomplishment, as fooling a crafty animal on its home territory is no easy feat. In Trapping 101, veteran trapper Phil Massaro reveals all the secrets of the trade, from knowing where to set traps, to understanding and using various types of traps, to properly using scents. Tips and tactics for taking beavers, muskrats, weasels, raccoons, skunks, otters, and more are all covered. While there is a wealth of information in here for beginners, information that will help them pick up trapping with relative ease, there are many subtle tips and tricks that even a veteran trapper will appreciate. Times have, of course, changed since the days of the voyageurs and rendezvouses. There are many more people in this modern world, many more dwellings, many more towns and cities. But there is a place for trapping in all this, just as there are places for hunting and fishing. A knowledgeable trapper, following game rules and respecting the animals he is trying to trap, fits right into the grand scheme of Mother Nature existing in harmony with humankind. This book will help you achieve that.
Trash
by Andy MulliganIn an unnamed Third World country, in the not-so-distant future, three dumpsite boys make a living picking through the mountains of garbage on the outskirts of a large city. One unlucky-lucky day, Raphael finds something very special and very mysterious. So mysterious that he decides to keep it, even when the city police offer a handsome reward for its return. That decision brings with it terrifying consequences, and soon the dumpsite boys must use all of their cunning and courage to stay ahead of their pursuers. It's up to Raphael, Gardo, and Rat--boys who have no education, no parents, no homes, and no money--to solve the mystery and right a terrible wrong. Andy Mulligan has written a powerful story about unthinkable poverty--and the kind of hope and determination that can transcend it. With twists and turns, unrelenting action, and deep, raw emotion, Trash is a heart-pounding, breath-holding novel.
Trash Animals: How We Live with Nature’s Filthy, Feral, Invasive, and Unwanted Species
by Kelsi Nagy Phillip David Johnson IIWhy are some species admired or beloved while others are despised? An eagle or hawk circling overhead inspires awe while urban pigeons shuffling underfoot are kicked away in revulsion. Fly fishermen consider carp an unwelcome trash fish, even though the trout they hope to catch are often equally non-native. Wolves and coyotes are feared and hunted in numbers wildly disproportionate to the dangers they pose to humans and livestock. In Trash Animals, a diverse group of environmental writers explores the natural history of wildlife species deemed filthy, unwanted, invasive, or worthless, highlighting the vexed relationship humans have with such creatures. Each essay focuses on a so-called trash species—gulls, coyotes, carp, cockroaches, magpies, prairie dogs, and lubber grasshoppers, among others—examining the biology and behavior of each in contrast to the assumptions widely held about them. Identifying such animals as trash tells us nothing about problematic wildlife but rather reveals more about human expectations of, and frustrations with, the natural world. By establishing the unique place that maligned species occupy in the contemporary landscape and in our imagination, the contributors challenge us to look closely at these animals, to reimagine our ethics of engagement with such wildlife, and to question the violence with which we treat them. Perhaps our attitudes reveal more about humans than they do about the animals. Contributors: Bruce Barcott; Charles Bergman, Pacific Lutheran U; James E. Bishop, Young Harris College; Andrew D. Blechman; Michael P. Branch, U of Nevada, Reno; Lisa Couturier; Carolyn Kraus, U of Michigan–Dearborn; Jeffrey A. Lockwood, U of Wyoming; Kyhl Lyndgaard, Marlboro College; Charles Mitchell, Elmira College; Kathleen D. Moore, Oregon State U; Catherine Puckett; Bernard Quetchenbach, Montana State U, Billings; Christina Robertson, U of Nevada, Reno; Gavan P. L. Watson, U of Guelph, Ontario, Canada.
Trash Bash (Pee Wee Scouts #16)
by Judy DeltonIt's springtime, and time to save the earth. Molly's ready to start. If other people won't recycle, it's up to the Pee Wee Scouts to do it for them. Digging through people's trash and storing old light bulbs and egg cartons behind Molly's garage is hot, tiring (and smelly!) work. It will all be worth it if Molly wins the prize Mrs. Peters is offering to the Pee Wee Scout who does the most creative thing with trash. But what Molly makes gets lots of attention but no prize! The Pee Wees goof around, do good deeds, take on projects and have fun and adventures. Find out all about what scouts do in the many Pee Wee Scout books you can get from Bookshare including: #1 Cookies and Crutches, #2 Camp Ghost-Away, #3 Lucky Dog Days, #4 Blue Skies, French Fries, #5 Grumpy Pumpkins, #6 Peanut-Butter Pilgrims, #7 A Pee Wee Christmas, #8 That Mushy Stuff, #9 Spring Sprouts, #10 The Pooped Troop, #11 The Pee Wee Jubilee, #12 Bad, Bad, Bunnies, #13 Rosy Noses, Frozen Toes, #14 Sonny's Secret, #15 Sky Babies, #17 Pee Wees On Parade, #18 Lights, Action, Land-ho!, #19 Piles of Pets, #20 Fishy Wishes, #21 Pee Wees On skis, #22 Greedy Groundhogs, #23 All Dads on Deck, #24 Tricks and Treats, #25 Pee Wees on First, #26 Super Duper Pee Wees, #27 Teeny Weeny Zucchinis, #28 Eggs With Legs, #29 Pee Wee Pool Party, #30 Bookworm Buddies, #31 Moans, Groans and Dinosaur Bones, #33 Halloween Helpers, #39 Molly For Mayor, and there are more coming!
A Trash-Free Future?
by Alison Pearce StevensWhat happens to trash after the garbage truck picks it up? Where does it go? The problem of too much trash is hurting the planet. Recycling, reusing, composting and creating new ways to make less trash is a start! Learn to recycle old furniture, and how safer materials are being developed that can easily decompose. People are working hard every day on new ways to have a trash-free future! Are you?
Trash or Toys?
by Amy TaoReusing your trash to make toys can be lots of fun–and decrease pollution and waste! Things we use around the house get old and we throw them away. What if you use them to make toys or gadgets that make life better? Experts think reusing things may be better than recycling! Learn how to make a piggy bank from a plastic can or a train with egg cartons. What things can you create by reusing?
Trash Talk: An Eye-Opening Exploration of Our Planet's Dirtiest Problem
by Iris GottliebAn eye-opening, illustrated look at something we often take for granted—our trash, and the systems in place that make it disappear (or not)In a world of mass consumption and busy schedules, taking the time to understand our own trash habits can be daunting. In Trash Talk, the ever-curious and talented Iris Gottlieb pulls back the curtain on the intricacies of the global trash production system and its contribution to climate change. From the history of the mafia&’s rule of the New York sanitation system to orbital debris (space trash) to the myth of recycling, Gottlieb will help readers see trash in a whole new way. Complete with beautiful illustrations and several landfills&’ worth of research, Trash Talk shines a much-needed light on a system that has been broken for far too long, providing readers with surprising, disgusting, and insightful information to better understand how we affect garbage and how it affects us.
Trash Talk: Moving Toward a Zero-Waste World (Orca Footprints #6)
by Michelle MulderHumans have always generated garbage, whether it's a chewed-on bone or a broken cell phone. Our landfills are overflowing, but with some creative thinking, stuff we once threw away can become a collection of valuable resources just waiting to be harvested. Trash Talk digs deep into the history of garbage, from Minoan trash pits to the Great Pacific Garbage Patch, and uncovers some of the many innovative ways people all over the world are dealing with waste.
Trash Trouble
by Larry Dane BrimnerOn a field trip to the Nature Center, Three J leads his second-grade classmates on a mission to pick up as much trash as possible after find a bird caught in a discarded lunch bag.
Trash Vortex: How Plastic Pollution is Choking the World's Oceans (Captured Science History)
by Danielle Smith-LleraMillions of tons of plastic slip into oceans every year. Some floats and travels slowly with the currents, endangering the health of marine animals. The rest is hardly visible but is far more dangerous. Tiny bits of plastic sprinkle the ocean's surface or mix into the sandy seafloor and beaches. It ends up inside birds, fish, and other animals, harming them-and ultimately humans. Experts struggle with fear and hope as they work to stop the flood of plastic threatening living organisms across the globe.
Trashy Town
by Andrea Griffing Zimmerman David ClemeshaMeet Mr. Gilly. He cleans up Trashy Town. He does it with a big smile and a big truck--which is sure to make him a hero with all the children in the neighborhood. David Clemesha and Andrea Zimmerman have created a rhythmic, repeatable refrain that will roll off the lips of every child.
Trauma Farm: A Rebel History of Rural Life
by Brian BrettThe acclaimed author transforms a single day on his small farm into a &“gorgeously thoughtful meditation on the natural world&” and our place in it (Vancouver Sun). The acclaimed poet and author Brian Brett takes readers on an irreverent and illuminating journey through a day in the life of his small island farm in British Columbia, affectionately named Trauma Farm. With fascinating ruminations on everything from the natural history of farming to the horrors of industrial slaughterhouses, Brett&’s day of tending to his farm becomes a Joycean epic of agrarian life. Brett moves from the tending of livestock, poultry, orchards, gardens, machinery, and fields to the social intricacies of rural communities and, finally, to an encounter with a magnificent deer in the silver moonlight of a magical field. Brett understands both tall tales and rigorous science as he explores the small mixed farm—meditating on the perfection of the egg and the nature of soil while also offering a scathing critique of agribusiness. Whether discussing the uses and misuses of gates, examining the energy of seeds, or bantering with his family, farm hands, and neighbors, Brett remains aware of the miracles of life, birth, and death that confront the rural world every day.Trauma Farm was a 2009 book of the year in the Times Literary Supplement and the Globe & Mail, and winner of Writers&’ Trust Canadian Non-Fiction Prize.
Traveling Bodies: Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Traveling as an Embodied Practice (Routledge Research in Travel Writing)
by Nicole Maruo-Schröder, Sarah Schäfer-Althaus, and Uta SchaffersTraveling Bodies: Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Traveling as an Embodied Practice explores the central role the body has in and for traveling and thus complements and expands upon existing research in travel studies with new perspectives on and insights in the entanglement of bodies and traveling. The case studies assembled in this volume discuss a variety of traveling practices, experiences, and media with chapters featuring Asian, American, and European historical and contemporary perspectives. Truly interdisciplinary in its approach, the volume identifies and examines diverse literary, historical and cultural texts, contexts, and modes in which traveling and the body intersect, including ‘classic’ travelogues, (new) media (e.g., film, digital travel apps), surf culture, and travel-inspired tattoos. The contributions offer various avenues for further research, not only for scholars working with body theory and travel (writing), but also for anyone interested in the intersections of literature, culture, media, and embodied practices of traveling.