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Rekindled
by Tamera AlexanderBook jacket AT A DIFFERENT TIME, IN A DIFFERENT PLACE, UNDER DIFFERENT CIRCUMSTANCES... COULD TWO PEOPLE FALL IN LOVE ONCE AGAIN? TEN YEARS AGO KATHRYN JENNINGS MADE A VOW For better or worse. And that promise still holds true, even though her marriage has not turned out as she expected. When her husband fails to return home one stormy winter night, she struggles to keep their ranch, but her efforts are blocked at every turn. After a shocking glimpse into her husband's past, Kathryn uncovers a hidden truth. What she wouldn't give to turn back time and be able to love her husband for the man that he was, not for the man she always wanted him to be. Larson Jennings has spent his entire life running from a broken past, unable to trust, reluctant to try again. One fateful night, his life, takes an unexpected twist, and soon he is forced to make a choice. Whatever he chooses, his decision may cost him his life.
Rekindled Hearts (After the Storm #4)
by Brenda MintonA tornado gives a Kansas policeman and his ex-wife a second chance at love in this heartwarming inspirational romance.All Lexi Harmon wants is to be married—to her ex-husband. When a tornado traps them together, she prays they have a chance at life and love again. But embittered police officer Colt Ridgeway believes he can’t give Lexi what she really wants—children and security. As they work side by side to rebuild High Plains, Lexi holds out hope that their marriage can be rebuilt, too, one piece of his heart at a time.
Rekindling Desire: A Step By Step Program To Help Low-sex And No-sex Marriages
by Barry McCarthy Emily McCarthyFor over a decade Rekindling Desire has helped to restore and restructure sexuality in thousands of lives. This expanded edition continues the exploration of inhibited sexual desire and no-sex relationships by the author, who brings decades of knowledge and the expertise that comes from having treated almost 3,000 couples for sexual problems. Contained within are suggested strategies and exercises that help develop communication and sexual skills, as well as interesting case studies that open the doors to couples’ sexual frustrations. The shame, embarrassment, and hesitancy that individuals feel with themselves, and the resentment and blame they can feel towards their sexual partners, are explored and put into context. Whether you are married, cohabitating, or dating, or if you are 25, 45, or 75, reading this book will help renew your sexual desire and put you on the path towards healthy, pleasure-oriented sexuality.
Rekindling Desire
by Barry McCarthy Emily McCarthyFor over a decade, Rekindling Desire has helped to restore and affirm pleasure-oriented sexuality for thousands of people. Drawing on respected therapist Barry McCarthy’s extensive knowledge and experience, this updated third edition offers strategies and solutions for no-sex relationships and low sexual desire. Contained within are psychosocial sexual skill exercises that will develop communication and confidence, as well as fascinating case studies that illustrate a wide range of couples’ sexual frustrations. The shame, embarrassment, and hesitancy that individuals feel with themselves, and the resentment and blame they can feel towards their sexual partners, are explored and put into context. With an individualized relapse prevention plan to ensure sexual gains are maintained and built upon, the book encourages couples to work as a team to minimize guilt and maximize intimacy. Rekindling Desire, 3rd edition fully celebrates female and male sexuality, challenges inhibitions and avoidance, and promotes satisfying, secure, and sexual relationships. Whether you are married, cohabitating, or dating, it will help renew sexual desire and empower people of all sexual orientations and ages on the path towards healthy, pleasure-oriented sexuality.
Relaciones emocionalmente sanas - Día a día: Una jornada de 40 días para cambiar profundamente tus relaciones
by Peter ScazzeroEn este revolucionario libro devocional, Peter Scazzero reintroduce y desarrolla la antigua disciplina espiritual del Oficio Diario. La premisa básica es simple: los cristianos deben pausar intencionalmente dos veces al día para estar con Dios, de modo que la práctica de la presencia de Dios sea una realidad en sus vidas.Con el mismo ritmo poderoso que el devocional Espiritualidad emocionalmente sana, cada día presenta dos oficios: mañana/mediodía y mediodía/noche, donde cada devocional reflexionará sobre temas de relaciones emocionalmente sanas, como clarificar las expectativas, escuchar con empatía y jugar limpio. Los lectores serán guiados a una práctica de transformación que profundizará su caminar diario con Jesús.
Related by Chance, Family by Choice: Transforming Mother-in-Law and Daughter-in-Law Relationships
by Deb DearmondThe caricatures are everywhere, the jokes are inexhaustible, and the stereotypes fill the screens. From Marie Barone (Everyone Loves Raymond) to Viola Fields (Monster-in-Law) to Internet sites and social media pages like ihatemyinlaws.com and a Facebook page for ihatemymotherinlaw there is no shortage of examples of the caustic relationships that can develop between the two women in a man's life. Deb DeArmond and her three daughters-in-laws have conducted their own exhaustive research into the status of the women-in-law relationship. Their research, which incorporated online surveys, interviews, and discussions, included asking about the faith factor in the relationships they studied. Of the respondents, nearly 90 percent claimed they were Christians, and 79 percent said their faith was foundational and guided their actions and decisions. The numbers of those they surveyed who reported that their women-in-law relationships were "bad" were nearly identical to those in a survey conducted by a popular secular website that recorded no statistics on faith. Beyond the statistics and their analysis, Deb brings to this book more than thirty years working with adults to improve communications and deal constructively with conflict. Aside from her research, perhaps the most important asset Deb brings to this work is her own relationship with her three daughters-in-laws that is so obviously and unusually positive that she--and they--are often asked to explain the secret of the relationships they share. This practical and unapologetically scriptural book covers issues of personal perceptions, strained communication, the roles of sons and fathers in the relationship's success, how to begin these relationships on the right foot, and the necessity of trust and love. Deb's one motivating objective is to help women-in- law move from women who are simply related to strong and confident members of a truly spiritual family.
Relational Aspects of Parental Involvement to Support Educational Outcomes: Parental Communication, Expectations, and Participation for Student Success (Routledge Research in Education)
by William JeynesOffering contributions from international leaders in the field, this volume builds on empirically informed meta-analyses to foreground relationship-based aspects of parental involvement in children’s education and learning. Chapters explore how factors including parent-child communication, cultural and parental expectations, as well as communication with a child’s teacher and school can impact educational outcomes. By focusing on relationships between parents, teachers, and students, chapter authors offer a nuanced picture of parental involvement in children’s education and learning. Considering variation across countries, educational and non-educational contexts, and challenges posed by parental absence and home schooling, the book offers key insights into how parents, schools, communities, and educators can best support future generations. Using multiple forms of research from the relational perspective, this volume will be of interest to students, scholars, and researchers with an interest in educational psychology as well as child development.
Relational Autonomy and Family Law
by Jonathan HerringThis book explores the importance of autonomy in family law. It argues that traditional understandings of autonomy are inappropriate in the family law context and instead recommends the use of relational autonomy. The book starts by explaining how autonomy has historically been understood, before exploring the problems with its use in family law. It then sets out the model of relational autonomy which, it will be argued, is more appropriate in this context. Finally, some examples of practical application are presented. The issues raised and theoretical discussion is relevant to any jurisdiction.
Relational Family Therapy: The Systemic, Interpersonal, and Intrapsychic Experience
by Christian GostečnikRelational Family Therapy introduces a cutting-edge family and couple therapy model that synthesizes relational theories and integrates object relations theory with interpersonal psychoanalysis and self-psychology. The model holds that individuals deal with conflicts rooted in the frustrated and threatening environment they grew up in by later forming intimate relationships that are comparable to the core experiences from their primary family systems. The book outlines the three levels of experience—systemic, interpersonal, and intrapsychic—and provide concrete ways for the therapist to address client problems and promote affect regulation. Chapters include transcripts of actual family therapy sessions as well as genograms so readers can see the model in action.
Relational Intelligence: The People Skills You Need for the Life of Purpose You Want
by Dharius DanielsConsidering Jesus's relational model for choosing the twelve disciples, Relational Intelligence will walk you through how to assess your relationships, define them, discern them, align them, and finally activate your relationships to unlock your greatest potential.Years of ministry leadership experience and personal experience have convinced Dr. Dharius Daniels: there's no such thing as a casual relationship. All relationships are catalytic - either pushing us forward into our God-given purposes or holding us back. Our spiritual, physical, financial, emotional, and professional progress is greatly impacted by who we allow to be a part of our lives and what part we allow them to play. With our destiny on the line, relationships are too consequential to nonchalantly roll the dice in managing them.Relational Intelligence is your action plan for getting smart about your purpose partners. Relationships were God's idea, writes Daniels, and when we understand and apply what God has to say about them we end up avoiding unnecessary relational turmoil, advancing in all areas of our life, and accomplishing our God-given purpose.When your purpose is on the line, the cost of relational unintelligence is too great to pay. In this book, you will explore and learn how to activate the relational intelligence you need for the life of purpose you want.
A Relational Psychoanalytic Approach to Couples Psychotherapy (Relational Perspectives Book Series)
by Philip A. RingstromWinner of the 2014 Goethe Award for Psychoanalytic and Psychodynamic Scholarship! A Relational Psychoanalytic Approach to Couples Psychotherapy presents an original model of couples treatment integrating ideas from a host of authors in relational psychoanalysis. It also includes other psychoanalytic traditions as well as ideas from other social sciences. This book addresses a vacuum in contemporary psychoanalysis devoid of a comprehensively relational way to think about the practice of psychoanalytically oriented couples treatment. In this book,Philip Ringstrom sets out a theory of practice that is based on three broad themes: The actualization of self experience in an intimate relationship The partners' capacity for mutual recognition versus mutual negation The relationship having a mind of its own Based on these three themes, Ringstrom's model of treatment is articulated in six non-linear, non-hierarchical steps that wed theory with practice - each powerfully illustrated with case material. These steps initially address the therapist’s attunement to the partners' disparate subjectivities including the critical importance of each one's perspective on the "reality" they co-habit.Their perspectives are fleshed out through the exploration of their developmental histories with focus on factors of gender and culture and more. Out of this arises the examination of how conflictual pasts manifest in dissociated self-states, the illumination of which lends to the enrichment of self-actualization, the facilitation of mutual recognition, and the capacity to more genuinely renegotiate their relationship. The book concludes with a chapter that illustrates one couple treated through all six steps and a chapter on frequently asked questions ("FAQ's") derived from over thirty years of practice, teaching, supervision and presentations during the course of this books development. A Relational Psychoanalytic Approach to Couples Psychotherapy balances a great range of ways to work with couples, while also providing the means to authentically negotiate their differences in a way which is insightful and invaluable. This book is for practitioners of couples therapy and psychoanalytic practitioners. It is also aimed at undergraduate, graduates, and postgraduate students in the fields of psychiatry, psychology, marriage and family therapy, and social work.
Relational Reset: Unlearning the Habits that Hold You Back
by Dr. Laurel ShalerAre your relationships all that you want them to be?Do rough patches ever catch you by surprise, causing you to think Why is it so hard right now? Why is there tension? Was it something I did? Despite our best intentions, we all have blind spots—bad relational habits that are keeping us from enjoying our relationships fully. And since relationships stand at the center of all we do, if we can learn to do relationships even fractionally better, every aspect of our lives improves. Whether you struggle to overcome past wounds, insecurity, blame, or envy, it&’s time to reflect on your relational habits and reset. An experienced counselor, Dr. Laurel Shaler is passionate about helping women thrive in all of their relationships. Relational Reset will reveal unhealthy patterns that may be holding you back, give you practical steps for improving your relationships, and help you find your ultimate security and identity in Jesus Christ. When you reset your relationships, you honor God, yourself, and the ones you love. What are you waiting for? Get started today.
Relational Reset: Unlearning the Habits that Hold You Back
by Dr. Laurel ShalerAre your relationships all that you want them to be?Do rough patches ever catch you by surprise, causing you to think Why is it so hard right now? Why is there tension? Was it something I did? Despite our best intentions, we all have blind spots—bad relational habits that are keeping us from enjoying our relationships fully. And since relationships stand at the center of all we do, if we can learn to do relationships even fractionally better, every aspect of our lives improves. Whether you struggle to overcome past wounds, insecurity, blame, or envy, it&’s time to reflect on your relational habits and reset. An experienced counselor, Dr. Laurel Shaler is passionate about helping women thrive in all of their relationships. Relational Reset will reveal unhealthy patterns that may be holding you back, give you practical steps for improving your relationships, and help you find your ultimate security and identity in Jesus Christ. When you reset your relationships, you honor God, yourself, and the ones you love. What are you waiting for? Get started today.
The Relational Soul: Moving from False Self to Deep Connection
by Richard Plass James CofieldWhat does loneliness tell us? "Be it chronic or acute, slight or significant, loneliness is proof of our relational design. At the core of our being is this truth—we are designed for and defined by our relationships," former pastors Plass and Cofield write. "We were born with a relentless longing to participate in the lives of others. Fundamentally, we are relational souls." Our ability to make deep and emotionally satisfying connections rests on the capacity to trust, and we all know trust can be difficult. Early-life relational "programming" and patterns of attachment can serve as blueprints for relationships later in life, whether good or bad. But no matter our conditioning, God is out to reclaim and restructure the deepest terrain of the human soul by helping us shed our reactive "False Self" and put on our receptive "True Self." Through spiritual disciplines and a conscious participation in the love of the Father, Son and Spirit, we transform our self-awareness and our connection with other people. Authored by counselor Dr. Richard Plass and spiritual director James Cofield, The Relational Soul brings together concepts from psychology and spiritual formation. Each chapter includes introductory stories and practical "If this is true, what about you?" questions to help readers engage in relationships in more life-giving ways. When the presence of Christ and community connects with a soul that is open, we witness the miracle of transformation.
Relational Treatment of Trauma: Stories of loss and hope (Relational Perspectives Book Series)
by Toni HeinemanRelational Treatment of Trauma: Stories of loss and hope is the culmination of over 35 years of psychotherapy with children and adults, many of whom have suffered the effects of physical, emotional, or sexual abuse. It addresses a gap in the literature on the treatment of trauma and chronic loss that are ubiquitous parts of life in foster care. While "trauma-informed care" has received considerable attention recently, there is little that focuses on the consequences of repeated, unexpected, and unexplained or unexplainable losses of caregivers. Relational Treatment of Trauma explores the ways in which those experiences arise in the therapeutic relationship and shows how to help clients build the trust necessary for establishing healthier, and more satisfying and hopeful relationships. Toni Heineman introduces and reinforces the concept of the relationship as the most powerful agent of therapeutic change. She highlights the ways in which clinicians can build and sustain a relationship with clients whose experience of trauma can make them wary of trusting, illustrating this theme throughout the book with compelling case vignettes. The book is especially valuable for psychoanalysts, clinical psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and family therapists working with those who have suffered traumatic loss. It is essential reading for clinicians in the early part of their career, working with traumatized individuals for the first time. Dr. Heineman has practiced in San Francisco for over 35 years, working with children, adults, and families. She is the founder and executive director of A Home Within. Dr. Heineman presents and publishes widely.
Relational Vulnerability: Theory, Law and the Private Family (Palgrave Socio-Legal Studies)
by Ellen Gordon-BouvierThis book breaks new theoretical ground by constructing a framework of ‘relational vulnerability’ through which it analyses the disadvantaged position of those who undertake unpaid caregiving, or ‘dependency-work’, in the context of the private family. Expanding on existing socio-legal scholarship on vulnerability and resilience, it charts how the state seeks to conceal the embodied and temporal reality of vulnerability and dependency within the private family, while promoting an artificial concept of autonomous personhood that exposes dependency-workers work to a range of harms. The book argues that the legal framework governing the married and unmarried family reinforces principles of individualism and rationality, while labelling dependency-work as a private, gendered, and sentimental endeavor, lacking value beyond the family. It also considers how the state can respond to relational vulnerability and foster resilience. It seeks to provide a more comprehensive understanding of resilience, theorising its normative goals and applying these to different hypothetical state responses.
Relationality: How Moving from Transactional to Transformational Relationships Can Reshape Our Lonely World
by David JayFor readers of Together and The Art of GatheringHow moving from transactional to transformational relationships and organizations can save our democracy, nurture our connections, and make us happier and healthier.Powerful institutions, from schools to tech and social media companies, create breeding grounds for isolation by failing to invest in relational work. This obstacle stands in the way of our fight for racial equity, economic justice, and climate resilience.In Relationality, leading asexuality and relationship activist David Jay brings clarity to the crisis with a fresh perspective that expands upon the fundamental idea that all entities in the universe are connected. Jay draws from a range of vivid personal experiences, including his time spent helping tech workers and policymakers reform social media.This book is for people who believe in the power of relationships and want to see increased investment in relational work. Its scientifically grounded framework will help readers foster conversations about relational work, establish conditions for relationships to thrive, and quantify the impact of them.Equipping professionals and activists involved in nonprofit, political, and other types of relational work with the knowledge they need to fight for and utilize resources, Relationality shares valuable insight on: The history of why institutions fail to invest in relationships Reimagining ROI calculations to account for relational workUsing tools of prediction and emergence theory to build communitiesHow stories and data about relationships can help us direct resources toward relational workRelational economics and the redistribution of wealthWith isolation and loneliness on the rise in a post-lockdown world, Relationality offers a roadmap to nourish our connections toward a better, more liberated world—personally, organizationally, and in community.
The Relationally Intelligent Child: Five Keys to Helping Your Kids Connect Well with Others
by John Trent, PhD Dewey Wilson, PhDGet the guidance you need to help your child—and help yourself!—experience full, lasting relationships.Most parents today understand brokenness and loneliness when it comes to relationships. Then comes the need to teach relationship skills to their children! Having experienced isolation and loneliness on their own, parents can be terribly aware of how much their own children need and long for relationships.The Relationally-Intelligent Child teaches parents the crucial insights of a must grasp concept: relational intelligence. This tool for growth and connection will not only change a child&’s life, but also a parent&’s own relationships. You&’ll discover five key elements that can engage and equip your child with skills for being relationally intelligent with family, friends, and others. This book also includes a special online version of the Connect Assessment® to help parents understand their children&’s relational strengths. You&’ll find a hands-on application plan, as well as links to powerful podcasts, videos, and resources. Your child was created for connection and designed for loving relationships. Get the help you need to guide them to develop the skills they need to do so.
The Relationally Intelligent Child: Five Keys to Helping Your Kids Connect Well with Others
by John Trent, PhD Dewey Wilson, PhDGet the guidance you need to help your child—and help yourself!—experience full, lasting relationships.Most parents today understand brokenness and loneliness when it comes to relationships. Then comes the need to teach relationship skills to their children! Having experienced isolation and loneliness on their own, parents can be terribly aware of how much their own children need and long for relationships.The Relationally-Intelligent Child teaches parents the crucial insights of a must grasp concept: relational intelligence. This tool for growth and connection will not only change a child&’s life, but also a parent&’s own relationships. You&’ll discover five key elements that can engage and equip your child with skills for being relationally intelligent with family, friends, and others. This book also includes a special online version of the Connect Assessment® to help parents understand their children&’s relational strengths. You&’ll find a hands-on application plan, as well as links to powerful podcasts, videos, and resources. Your child was created for connection and designed for loving relationships. Get the help you need to guide them to develop the skills they need to do so.
Relationship-Based Treatment of Children and Their Parents: An Integrative Guide To Neurobiology, Attachment, Regulation, And Discipline (IPNB #0)
by Elizabeth Sylvester Kat SchererImmediate interventions for struggling families, integrating four distinct areas of psychology. Children and families burdened with attachment disruption, emotional distress, or psychological disorders need effective and immediate assistance. They do not have the time to wait for long-term interventions or developmental changes to improve the parent-child relationship. Here, psychologists Elizabeth A. Sylvester and Kat Scherer provide the most effective approach in such situations: interventions that impact the entire family at relational, emotional, and cognitive-behavioral levels, and that give parents agency to have rapid therapeutic impact on their children’s lives and well-being. This addition to the celebrated Norton Series on Interpersonal Neurobiology integrates four distinct areas of psychology: neurobiology, attachment theory, emotion, and relationship-based discipline. This integration produces a clear point of entry for therapists working with struggling families and provides interventions that are logical, doable, and highly effective.
Relationship Coaching: The theory and practice of coaching with singles, couples and parents
by Elaine Cox Yossi IvesRelationship Coaching provides a comprehensive guide to coaching to achieve relationship success and enrichment in three main areas: to help single people to form and secure stable relationships, to assist couples seeking to enhance their relationship and to support parents looking to improve their relationships with their children. Yossi Ives is an experienced relationship coach and Elaine Cox is an expert on developmental coaching approaches. They explain how the fundamental elements of coaching are customised and adapted to meet the needs of relationship enhancement. The book introduces specific coaching theories, processes and techniques through the use of practical case studies, which provide insight into a range of applications and contexts, and introduces new ways of approaching marriage and singles coaching. Relationship Coaching combines an accessible, practical guide with a strong theoretical underpinning. It will be an essential guide for coaches, counsellors and students, as well as other professional helpers including social workers and ministers.
Relationship Counselling for Children, Young People and Families
by Kathryn Geldard David Geldard"If you need one book that's crammed with clinically excellent, genuinely well informed and useful ideas for working with family relationships in all their permutations, this is undoubtedly it" - Professor Colin Feltham, Sheffield Hallam University "This is easy to read and has a clear layout. Counselling MSc students may find it an interesting introduction to the topic" - Times Higher Education Magazine, May 2009 This book is a practical skills-based introduction to relationship counselling. It covers couple counselling for parents, whole-family counselling and counselling for children and young people with regard to their relationships with siblings, peers and parents. The text also includes: o an introduction to relationship counselling theory and concepts o discussion of the importance of relying on a clearly defined theory of change o ways to address parenting issues o an exploration of confidentiality, disclosing inappropriate behaviour and personal safety. Kathryn Geldard and David Geldard present an integrative model of relationship counselling which combines skills and strategies from a number of approaches. Their practical guide integrates individual and subgroup counselling with whole-family counselling, providing much-needed material on methods and approaches for communicating with children and young people. The book will be invaluable to new relationship counsellors learning the skills required in order to bring about change, and will be a useful reference book for experienced counsellors.
The Relationship Cure: A 5 Step Guide to Strengthening Your Marriage, Family, and Friendships
by John Gottman Joan DeclaireA groundbreaking, practical program for transforming troubled relationships into positive ones "This is the best book on relationships I have ever read. . . . John Gottman has decoded the subtle secrets that can either enrich or destroy the quality of our ties with others. " Daniel B. Wile, Ph. D. , author ofAfter the Fight: Using Your Disagreements to Build a Stronger Relationship "John Gottman is our leading explorer of the inner world of relationships. InThe Relationship Cure, he has found gold once again. "William J. Doherty, Ph. D. , author ofTake Back Your Marriage: Sticking Together in a World That Pulls Us Apart "When he says his five steps will help you build better connections with the people you care about, you know that they have been demonstrated to work. " E. Mavis Heatherington, Ph. D. , professor of psychology, University of Virginia From the country's foremost relationship expert andNew York Timesbestselling author Dr. John M. Gottman comes a powerful, simple five-step program, based on twenty years of innovative research, for greatly improving all of the relationships in your life--with spouses and lovers, children, siblings, and even your colleagues at work. In The Relationship Cure, Dr. Gottman: * Reveals the key elements of healthy relationships, emphasizing the importance of what he calls "emotional connection" * Introduces the powerful new concept of the emotional "bid," the fundamental unit of emotional connection * Provides remarkably empowering tools for improving the way you bid for emotional connection and how you respond to others' bids
Relationship Management Of The Borderline Patient: From Understanding To Treatment
by David Dawson Harriet L. MacMillanThis volume offers guidelines for managing the therapist-patient relationship during crisis intervention and longer-term therapy with patients who exhibit borderline symptoms. Since to do no harm is the primary goal of any therapist who encounters such a patient, an appropriate therapist-patient relationship is crucial; moreover, skillful management of this relationship can, in itself, be the most effective and safe treatment. The authors present a conceptual model, based on self psychology and interpersonal theory, for reframing the borderline symptoms and the therapist's reactions. Case examples demonstrate effective relationship management and therapeutic interventions.
Relationship Rescue (A Seven-Step Strategy for Reconnecting with Your Partner)
by Phillip C. McgrawWith Life Strategies, Phil McGraw helped hundreds of thousands of people take responsibility for their own actions and break free from self-destructive habits and situations. Now he turns his honest, unflinching eye toward relationships--diagnosing them, repairing them, and maintaining them. This hands-on book is for people who realize their relationship is in trouble, but who don't want to give up on it. In addition, it includes questionnaires, profiles, and checklists that will keep readers focused and aware of their feelings. Phil McGraw has already established himself as someone whom readers can turn to for direct, tell-it-like-it-is help in their own lives. Now he offers readers the chance for further happiness through meaningful, fulfilling relationships that work. Dr. McGraw helps get relationships back on track with a controversial explosion of the myths of conventional relationship thinking and clear action-oriented steps for reconnecting partners.