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The German Mittelweg: Garden Theory and Philosophy in the Time of Kant
by Michael G. LeeIn the 1790s, a close-knit group of German philosophers published several garden theory texts. These works are unique in that a close-knit group of philosophers had never before--and has not since--produced so many works on the topic of garden design. In essence, this cohort sought to imbue the most visionary concepts that had been inherited from the German garden tradition with the intellectual resources that were newly available through Kant’s critical philosophy. The most important of these concepts was the prescription for a new Mittelweg, or "middle path," garden that would mediate between the perceived excesses of French formalism and the English picturesque. In close analysis, the author demonstrates that Kant used similar "middle path" techniques in the design of his own "critical path" between dogmatism and skepticism. This similarity is most apparent when he uses topographical metaphors to describe the organizational principles of his system. By interpreting Kant’s topographical metaphors in relation to contemporary garden theories, this book offers new insights into the structural similarities between his "critical path" and the German garden’s "middle path" between French formalism and the English picturesque.
German Neoliberalism from 1924 to 1963: The Semantic Counter-revolution of Transnational Elite Networks (Palgrave Studies in Political History)
by Arne I. KäthnerThis book offers an in-depth study of German neoliberalism between 1924 and 1963, arguing that a neoliberal network was established in the interwar period, decades before elite networks in Great Britain and the United States fostered the ‘neoliberal revolution’ of the Thatcher and Reagan administrations. The author shows how this network strongly influenced societal developments in the 1950s and set a precedent for neoliberal projects in other countries. This success was largely due to the deliberate and strategic reorganisation of the semantic field: abandoning or reacquiring ‘abused’ concepts, challenging existing meanings, or introducing new concepts to the political scene. The book examines the Aktionsgemeinschaft Soziale Marktwirtschaft (ASM), an early neoliberal Think Tank founded in 1953 and led by Alexander Rüstow, which became an influential political actor in post-war West Germany. The author adopts a decidedly transnational approach linking and contrasting inner-German debates with those taking place transnationally among neoliberal proponents in the Mont Pèlerin Society. More than just a political study of ideologies, this book provides a historical account of the conceptual struggles over neoliberalism, the actors who engaged in them, the spheres in which they took place, and the semantic means and conceptual strategies employed, providing useful insights for scholars of German and political history, as well as political science more generally.
German Philanthropy in Transatlantic Perspective
by Gregory R. Witkowski Arnd BauerkämperThis volume examines philanthropic practices against the backdrop of the continuities, disruptions and changes in twentieth century German socio-political relations. It presents a differentiated understanding of the relationship between philanthropy and civil society that traces this connection from Germany's first democracy, the Weimar Republic, through the Nazi dictatorship and Soviet-style rule in Communist East Germany to the stable democracy of the Federal Republic of Germany. While concentrating on Germany, this volume places German philanthropy in a triangular relationship with the United States and the developing world, primarily through Africa. In particular, the contributions to the book demonstrate that despite many transatlantic exchanges between German and American philanthropic organizations, these relationships should not be reduced to bilateral exchanges but rather seen in the context of a globalizing world. More generally, this transnational study is a reminder that philanthropic activities need to be placed into their specific historical contexts. Such an analytical framework allows for more dynamic understanding of the meaning of philanthropy in society, illustrating both enduring and changing practices.
German Philosophy: A Dialogue (Untimely Meditations #11)
by Alain Badiou Jean-Luc NancyTwo eminent French philosophers discuss German philosophy—including the legacy of Kant, Hegel, Nietzsche, Adorno, Fichte, Marx, and Heidegger—from a French perspective. In this book, Alain Badiou and Jean-Luc Nancy, the two most important living philosophers in France, discuss German philosophy from a French perspective. Written in the form of a dialogue, and revised and expanded from a 2016 conversation between the two philosophers at the Universität der Künste Berlin, the book offers not only Badiou's and Nancy's reinterpretations of German philosophers and philosophical concepts, but also an accessible introduction to the greatest thinkers of German philosophy. Badiou and Nancy discuss and debate such topics as the legacies of Kant, Hegel, and Marx, as well as Nietzsche, Adorno, Fichte, Schelling, and the unavoidable problem of Heidegger and Nazism. The dialogue is contentious, friendly, and often quotable, with strong—at times passionate—positions taken by both Badiou and Nancy, who find themselves disagreeing over Kant, for example, and in unexpected agreement on Marx, for another. What does it mean, then, to conduct a dialogue on German philosophy from a French perspective? As volume editor Jan Völker observes, “German philosophy” and “French philosophy” describe complex constellations that, despite the reference to nation-states and languages, above all encompass shared concepts and problems—although these take a range of forms. Perhaps they can reveal their essential import only in translation.
German Philosophy and the First World War
by Nicolas de WarrenHow did the First World War, the so-called 'Great War' - widely seen on all sides as 'the war to end all wars' - impact the development of German philosophy? Combining history and biography with astute philosophical and textual analysis, Nicolas de Warren addresses here the intellectual trajectories of ten significant wartime philosophers: Ernst Bloch, Martin Buber, Ernst Cassirer, Hermann Cohen, György Lukács, Martin Heidegger, Edmund Husserl, Franz Rosenzweig, Max Scheler and Georg Simmel. In exploring their individual works written during and after the War, the author reveals how philosophical concepts and new forms of thinking were forged in response to this unprecedented catastrophe. In reassessing standardized narratives of German thought, the book deepens and enhances our understanding of the intimate and complex relationship between philosophy and violence by demonstrating how the 1914-18 conflict was a crucible for ways of thinking that still define us today.
German Philosophy in the Twentieth Century: Weber to Heidegger
by Julian YoungThe course of German philosophy in the twentieth century is one of the most exciting, diverse and controversial periods in the history of human thought. It is widely studied and its legacy hotly contested. In this outstanding introduction, Julian Young explains and assesses the two dominant traditions in modern German philosophy – critical theory and phenomenology – by examining the following key thinkers and topics: Max Weber’s setting the agenda for modern German philosophy: the ‘rationalization’ and ‘disenchantment’ of modernity resulting in ‘loss of freedom’ and ‘loss of meaning’ Horkheimer and Adorno: rationalization and the ‘culture industry’ Habermas’ defence of Enlightenment rationalization, the ‘unfinished project of modernity’ Marcuse: a Freud-based vision of a repression-free utopia Husserl: overcoming the ‘crisis of humanity’ through phenomenology Early Heidegger’s existential phenomenology: ‘authenticity’ as loyalty to ‘heritage’ Gadamer and ‘fusion of horizons’ Arendt: the human condition Later Heidegger: the re-enchantment of reality. German Philosophy in the Twentieth Century: Weber to Heidegger is essential reading for students of German philosophy, phenomenology and critical theory, and will also be of interest to students in related fields such as literature, religious studies, and political theory.
German Philosophy in the Twentieth Century: Lukács to Strauss
by Julian YoungThe course of German philosophy in the twentieth century is one of the most exciting and controversial in the history of human thought. In this outstanding and engaging introduction, a companion volume to his German Philosophy in the Twentieth Century: Weber to Heidegger, Julian Young examines and assesses the way in which some of the major German thinkers of the period reacted, often in starkly contrasting ways, to the challenges posed by the nature of modernity, the failure of liberalism and the concept of decline. Divided into two parts exploring major intellectual figures of the left and right respectively, Young introduces and assesses the thought of the following figures: Georg Lukács: the critique of capitalism: alienation, reification, and false consciousness Ernst Bloch: the Marxist utopia Walter Benjamin: the confluence of phenomenology and left-wing thought: the Arcades Project, aura, and the technological reproduction of the artwork Oswald Spengler: the pessimistic right and the concept of Western decline Max Scheler: Catholic conservatism and the ‘objective hierarchy of values’ Carl Schmitt: the failure of liberalism, dictatorship, ‘friends’ versus ‘enemies’ Leo Strauss: the rejection of moral relativism and the return to classical philosophy. Highly relevant when the viability of liberal democracy is again called into question, German Philosophy in the Twentieth Century: Lukacs to Strauss is essential reading for students of German philosophy, phenomenology and critical theory, and will also be of interest to students in related fields such as literature, religious studies, and political theory.
German Philosophy in the Twentieth Century: Dilthey to Honneth
by Julian YoungThe path taken by German philosophy in the twentieth century is one of the most exciting and controversial in the history of human thought, by turns radical and conservative and secular and religious. In this outstanding introduction, German Philosophy in the Twentieth Century: Dilthey to Honneth—the third and final volume in his trilogy—Julian Young examines the work of eight German philosophers and theologians of the period. He discusses their engagement with the deepest existential questions, their critique of the rationalization and mechanization of modernity, and their commitment to varying forms of liberalism, socialism, and democracy. Young introduces and assesses the thought of the following figures: Wilhelm Dilthey: the need for ‘worldviews’, and the distinction between ‘explanation’ and ‘understanding’ as a bulwark against the reduction of human beings to scientific quanta Karl Jaspers: existentialism, the challenge of nihilism, and the turn to theology Edith Stein: the phenomenology of empathy, community versus society, and the turn to Catholicism Paul Tillich: philosophical theology and the ‘theonomous’ life Martin Buber: recovering the ‘thou’ in the face of modernity’s reduction of everything to an ‘it’; the kibbutz as the paradigm of a socialist community Hans Jonas: the mortal threat posed by the unknown consequences of modern technology and the ethics of responsibility for the planet Erich Fromm: the ‘art of loving’ as a bulwark against hard and soft totalitarianism; the replacement of capitalism by communitarian socialism Axel Honneth: contemporary Hegelianism and the ethics and politics of recognition; the nature of real freedom. Lucidly and engagingly written, German Philosophy in the Twentieth Century: Dilthey to Honneth is essential reading for students of German philosophy, phenomenology, and theology and will also be of interest to students in related fields such as literature, political theory, and sociology. German Philosophy in the Twentieth Century: Weber to Heidegger (2018) and German Philosophy in the Twentieth Century: Lukács to Strauss (2020) are also available from Routledge.
German Political Philosophy: The Metaphysics of Law (Routledge Studies in Social and Political Thought #Vol. 49)
by Chris ThornhillThis book combines philosophical, intellectual-historical and political-theoretical methodologies to provide a new synoptic reading of the history of German political philosophy. Incorporating chapters on the political ideas of Luther and Zwingli, on the politics of the early Enlightenment, on Idealism, on Historicism and Lukács, on early Twentieth-Century political theology, on the Frankfurt School, and on Habermas and Luhmann, the book sets out both a broad and a detailed discussion of German political reflection from the Reformation to the present. In doing so, it explains how the development of German political philosophy is marked by a continual concern with certain unresolved and recurrent problems. It claims that all the major positions address questions relating to the origin of law, that all seek to account for the relation between legal validity and metaphysical and theological superstructures, and that all are centred on the attempt to conceptualise and reconstruct the character of the legal subject.
German Political Thought and the Discourse of Platonism: Finding the Way Out of the Cave
by Paul BishopTaking Plato’s allegory of the cave as its starting-point, this book demonstrates how later European thinkers can be read as a reaction and a response to key aspects of this allegory and its discourse of enchainment and liberation. Focusing on key thinkers in the tradition of European (and specifically German) political thought including Kant, Marx, Hegel, Nietzsche, Heidegger, and the Frankfurt School, it relates them back to such foundational figures as Rousseau, Aristotle, and in particular Plato. All these thinkers are considered in relation to key passages from their major works, accompanied by an explanatory commentary which seeks to follow a conceptual and imagistic thread through the labyrinth of these complex, yet fascinating, texts. This book will appeal in particular to scholars of political theory, philosophy, and German language and culture.
German Reparations and the Jewish World: A History of the Claims Conference
by Ronald W. ZweigGerman Reparations and the Jewish World" has become a standard reference work since it was first published. Based extensively on archival sources, the author examines the difficult debate within the Jewish world whether it was possible to reach a material settlement with Germany so soon after Auschwitz. Concentrating on how the money was spent in rebuilding Jewish life, he also analyzes how the reparations payments transformed the relations bteween Israel and the diaspora, and between different Jewish political and ideological groups. This revised and expanded edition includes material on sensitive relief programmes from archives that have only recently been opened to researchers. In a new, extensive introductory essay the author reexamines the reparations, restitution and indemnification processes from the perspective of 50 years later.
The German Revolution and Political Theory (Marx, Engels, and Marxisms)
by James Muldoon Gaard KetsThis book is the first collection within political theory to examine the ideas and debates of the German Revolution of 1918/19. It discusses the political theorists and actors of the revolution and uncovers an incredibly fertile body of political thought. Revolutionary events led to the proliferation of new political strategies, theoretical insights and institutional proposals. Key questions included the debate between a national assembly and a council system, the socialisation of the economy, the development of new forms of political representation and the proper role of parliaments, political parties and trade unions. This book offers novel perspectives on the history of the revolution, a thorough engagement with its main thinkers and an analysis of its relevance for contemporary political thought.
The Germanic Tribes, the Gods and the German Far Right Today (Routledge Studies in Fascism and the Far Right)
by Georg SchuppenerThe Germanic Tribes, the Gods and the German Far Right Today deals with the question of how right-wing extremists in German-speaking countries adapt and adopt elements from the history, culture, and mythology of the Germanic tribes. It provides the first in-depth study of the adoption of these historical motifs by right-wing extremists. Using linguistic and historical perspectives, and drawing on both publicly accessible material and sources gathered by the intelligence services, the book delineates the influence and impact of Germanic tribal history and culture within extremist subcultures. The author demonstrates that references to the Germanic peoples, their history, culture, and mythology, are even more widespread among contemporary right-wing extremists than they were in the interwar National Socialist era. This book will be of interest to researchers of right-wing extremism, German politics, and social movements.
Germanistiken: Zur Praxis von Literatur- und Rechtswissenschaft 1630‒1900 (Literatur und Recht #4)
by Claudia LiebHaben die germanischen Götter die Poesie und das Recht erfunden? Kann man einen Text rekonstruieren wie eine Tat? Sind Juristen oder Philologen die besseren Leser? Ist der Wissenschaftler so genial wie der Dichter? ‒ Vor rund 400 Jahren befasste sich eine gelehrte Denkgemeinschaft mit deutschen Texten aus Literatur und Recht. Vor fast 300 Jahren wurden die Spezialisten des deutschen Rechts „Germanisten“ genannt und bald auch die Experten deutscher Literatur. Claudia Liebs Analyse der gemeinsamen Vorgeschichte von Literatur- und Rechtswissenschaft beschreibt erstmals die historischen Verflechtungen von philologischer und juristischer Germanistik.
Germany after the Grand Coalition
by Silvia Bolgherini Florian GrotzIn Germany, Grand Coalitions of the two major parties - the Christian Democrats (CDU/CSU) and the Social Democrats (SPD) - generally have a bad reputation. Hence, the CDU/CSU-SPD government under Angela Merkel (2005-2009) was neither the parties' nor the citizens' preferred choice, its performance was seen quite critical from the outset, and it was finished without further ado after the 2009 federal election. Has the Grand Coalition 2005-2009 been a single episode or rather a turning point for German politics? This book provides a retrospective of the first Merkel government, an analysis of the 2009 election and an account of its prospective consequences.
Germany and the European Union: How Chancellor Angela Merkel Shaped Europe (Contributions to Political Science)
by Gisela Müller-Brandeck-BocquetThis book aims to present a coherent picture of Germany’s European policy during Merkel’s chancellorship. At the same time, it traces the development of the EU in the period 2005–2021. Accordingly, the European crises and the internal and external threats to the integration community are addressed, as well as the jointly developed solutions. Thus, on the one hand, the book shows what Germany was willing to do for Europe; on the other, it reveals how the EU was able to develop further as the most important point of reference for German politics and power.
Germany and the World since 1815: Society, Culture, and Politics
by Thomas AdamThis textbook provides a history of modern Germany, locating the country’s social, cultural, and political developments within their proper global and transnational context. The author argues that most developments in German culture, society, and politics throughout the nineteenth and twentieth centuries were caused by wider global and transnational trends. A history of the German people rather than the German state, the book focusses on non-state and non-government actors, intercultural transfers, and applies the approach of ‘thick description’ to analysing the creation of German culture, society, and identity from the era of the Napoleonic wars right up to the present post-unification Germany. This includes an examination of German migrants’ journeys to their new homes in the Americas and, thus, the creation of a global German diaspora with cultural and social networks beyond its home country’s borders. The book further focusses on the transfers that connected German society and culture with those of other countries; for instance, chapters cover the transfer of football from England to Germany, the transfer of the Christmas holiday tradition from Germany to other countries, and the development of eugenics in Germany within its global context.
Germany in the Twentieth Century (Routledge Library Editions: German Politics)
by David ChildsThe book traces the development of Germany from the Kaiser’s Reich in the 1870s to the reunited democratic state led by Helmut Kohl in the 1990s. The author begins by countering the popular view of Germany before 1914 as irredeemably reactionary, and after assessing Germany’s part in the First World War, he outlines the rise and fall of the Weimar Republic. The 12 years of Hitler’s destructive experiment are presented in a balanced way as part of the overall development of the country. Germany in defeat is then discussed, as is heer rebirth under Four Power occupation. The last chapters explore the two separate German states and the events leading up to the restoration of German unity.
Germany Today: Introductory Studies (Routledge Library Editions: German Politics)
by John P. PayneThis book, originally published in 1971, provides clear analysis of German affairs at the end of the 1960s. Without neglecting the historical dimension of recent developments, it examines some of the problems the German people faced in the post-war years. Written by experts, but nonethless in an accessible style the essays in this book give an insight into the methods of particular disciplines such as history, economics, politics or sociology whilst offering an introduction to many aspects of German life.
Germany's Hidden Crisis: Social Decline in the Heart of Europe
by Oliver NachtweyAn excellent study of how neoliberalism is causing a crisis in GermanyOne of the German-speaking world's leading young sociologists lays out modern Germany's social and political crisis and its implications for the future of the European hegemon. Upward social mobility represented a core promise of life under the "old" West German welfare state, in which millions of skilled workers upgraded their VWs to Audis, bought their first homes, and sent their children to university. Not so in today's Federal Republic, however, where the gears of the so-called "elevator society" have long since ground to a halt. In the absence of the social mobility of yesterday, widespread social exhaustion and anxiety have emerged across mainstream society. Oliver Nachtwey analyses the reasons for this social rupture in post-war German society and investigates the conflict potential emerging as a result, concluding that although the country has managed to muddle through the Eurocrisis largely unscathed thus far, simmering tensions beneath the surface nevertheless threaten to undermine the German system's stability in the years to come.
Germany’s Role in European Russia Policy: A New German Power? (New Perspectives in German Political Studies)
by Liana FixThis book contributes to the debate about a new German power in Europe with an analysis of Germany’s role in European Russia policy. It provides an up-to-date account of Germany’s “Ostpolitik” and how Germany has influenced EU-Russia relations since the Eastern enlargement in 2004 - partly along, partly against the interests and preferences of new member states. The volume combines a rich empirical analysis of Russia policy with a theory-based perspective on Germany’s power and influence in the EU. The findings demonstrate that despite Germany’s central role, exercising power within the EU is dependent on legitimacy and acceptance by other member states.
Germinal Life: The Difference and Repetition of Deleuze
by Keith Ansell-Pearson Keith Ansell PearsonGerminal Life is the sequel to the highly successful Viroid Life. Where Viroid Life provided a compelling reading of Nietzsche's philosophy of the human, Germinal Life is an original and groundbreaking analysis of little known and difficult theoretical aspects of the work of French philosopher Gilles Deleuze.In particular, Keith Ansell Pearson provides fresh and insightful readings of Deleuze's work on Bergson and Deleuze's most famous texts Difference and Repetition and A Thousand Plateaus. Germinal Life also provides new insights into Deleuze's relation to some of the most original thinkers of modernity, from Darwin to Freud and Nietzsche, and explores the connections between Deleuze and more recent thinkers such as Adorno and Merleau-Ponty.
Germs: A Memoir of Childhood (G - Reference,information And Interdisciplinary Subjects Ser.)
by Richard WollheimA brilliant, meandering exploration of family and childhood memory by one of the most original British philosophers of the twentieth century.Germs is about first things, the seeds from which a life grows, as well as about the illnesses it incurs, the damage it sustains. Written at the end of the life of Richard Wollheim, a major British philosopher of the second half of the twentieth century, this memoir is not the usual story of growing up, but very much about childhood, that early world we all share in which we do not not know either the world or ourselves for sure, and in which things--houses, clothes, meals, parents, the past--loom large around us, seeming both inevitable and uncontrollable. Richard Wollheim's remarkable, moving, and entirely original book recovers this formative moment that makes us who we are before we really are who we are and that haunts us all our lives in lucid and lyrical prose.
Germs of Death: The Problem of Genesis in Jacques Derrida (SUNY series in Contemporary French Thought)
by Mauro SenatoreGerms of Death explores the idea of genesis, or dissemination, in the early work of Jacques Derrida. Looking at Derrida's published and unpublished work from "Force and Signification" in 1963 to Glas in 1974, Mauro Senatore traces the development of Derrida's understanding of genesis both linguistically and biologically, and argues that this topic is an overlooked thread that draws together Derrida's readings of Plato and Hegel. Demonstrating how Derrida's analysis liberates the understanding of genesis from Platonic and Hegelian presupposition, Senatore also highlights Derrida's engagement with the biological thought of his day. Senatore also shows that the implications of Derrida's insights extend into contemporary ethical and political questions relating to postgenomic conceptions of life.
Gershom Scholem: An Intellectual Biography
by Amir EngelGershom Scholem (1897–1982) was ostensibly a scholar of Jewish mysticism, yet he occupies a powerful role in today’s intellectual imagination, having an influential contact with an extraordinary cast of thinkers, including Hans Jonas, Martin Buber, Walter Benjamin, Hannah Arendt, and Theodor Adorno. In this first biography of Scholem, Amir Engel shows how Scholem grew from a scholar of an esoteric discipline to a thinker wrestling with problems that reach to the very foundations of the modern human experience. As Engel shows, in his search for the truth of Jewish mysticism Scholem molded the vast literature of Jewish mystical lore into a rich assortment of stories that unveiled new truths about the modern condition. Positioning Scholem’s work and life within early twentieth-century Germany, Palestine, and later the state of Israel, Engel intertwines Scholem’s biography with his historiographical work, which stretches back to the Spanish expulsion of Jews in 1492, through the lives of Rabbi Isaac Luria and Sabbatai Zevi, and up to Hasidism and the dawn of the Zionist movement. Through parallel narratives, Engel touches on a wide array of important topics including immigration, exile, Zionism, World War One, and the creation of the state of Israel, ultimately telling the story of the realizations—and failures—of a dream for a modern Jewish existence.