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An Apology for Raymond Sebond
by Michel De Montaigne M. A. ScreechIn his introduction, Screech writes: "Montaigne gives his readers the fruits of his own wide reading and of his own reflections upon it, all measured against his personal experience during a period of intellectual ferment and of religious and political disarray. Montaigne never let himself be limited by his office or station. As husband, father, counsellor, mayor, he kept a critical corner of himself to himself, from which he could judge in freedom and seek to be at peace with himself. He does not crush his reader under the authority of the great philosophers: he tries out their opinions and sees whether they work for him or for others. Traces of Plato, Aristotle, Plutarch, Cicero, St Augustine or of his own contemporaries can be found in every page he wrote, but they are skilfully interwoven into his own discourse, being renewed and humanized in the process. And he hardly ever names them. An Apology For Raymond Sebond has all these qualities, despite its being the longest piece Montaigne ever wrote. In it, Montaigne remains triumphantly himself."
Apophatic Paths from Europe to China: Regions without Borders (SUNY series in Chinese Philosophy and Culture)
by William FrankeIn Apophatic Paths from Europe to China, William Franke brings his original philosophy of the unsayable, previously developed from Western sources such as ancient Neoplatonism, medieval mysticism, and postmodern negative theology, into dialogue with Eastern traditions of thought. In particular, he compares the Daoist Way of Chinese wisdom with Western apophatic thought that likewise pivots on recognizing the nonexistent, the unthinkable, and the unsayable. Leveraging François Jullien's exegesis of the Chinese classics' challenge to rethink the very basis of life and consciousness, Franke proposes negative theology as an analogue to the Chinese model of thought, which has long been recognized for its special attunement to silence at the limits of language. Crucial to Franke's agenda is the endeavor to discern and renew the claim of universality, rethought and reconfigured within the predicament of philosophy today considered specifically as a cultural or, more exactly, intercultural predicament.
Apophthegmata
by Elaine Fantham Betty I. Knott-Sharpe Desiderius ErasmusAssembled for the young Prince William of Cleves, Erasmus' Apophthegmata consists of thousands of sayings and anecdotes collected from Greek and Latin literature for the moral education of the future ruler. Betty I. Knott and Elaine Fantham's annotated translation of the aphorisms and Erasmus' commentary on them makes this once popular literary and educational text accessible to modern audiences. The introduction discusses the origins of the Apophthegmata, the contents of the collection, and Erasmus' sources.
The Aporetic Tradition in Ancient Philosophy
by George Karamanolis Vasilis PolitisAncient philosophers from an otherwise diverse range of traditions were connected by their shared use of aporia - translated as puzzlement rooted in conflicts of reasons - as a core tool in philosophical enquiry. The essays in this volume provide the first comprehensive study of aporetic methodology among numerous major figures and influential schools, including the Presocratics, Plato, Aristotle, Plutarch, Alexander of Aphrodisias, Academic sceptics, Pyrrhonian sceptics, Plotinus and Damascius. They explore the differences and similarities in these philosophers' approaches to the source, structure, and aim of aporia, their views on its function and value, and ideas about the proper means of generating such a state among thinkers who were often otherwise opposed in their overall philosophical orientation. Discussing issues of method, dialectic, and knowledge, the volume will appeal to those interested in ancient philosophy and in philosophical enquiry more generally.
Aporias of Translation: Literature, Philosophy, Education (Contemporary Philosophies and Theories in Education #18)
by Elias SchwielerThis book proposes a new way for scholars in, for example, Education, Literary Studies, and Philosophy to approach texts and other phenomena through the concept and practice of translation. Its interdisciplinary perspective makes the book of value for graduate students and scholars in the Humanities and Social Sciences. The unique take on translation as related to the notion of aporia is applied to a number of seminal and classical texts within literature, poetry, and philosophy, which gives the reader new understandings of the workings of language and what happens within and between languages, as well as within and between disciplines, when some form of interpretation or analysis is at work. Importantly, the book develops the notion of aporias of translation as a way to learn and develop our understanding of texts and phenomena, and thus functions as a pedagogical process, which helps us come to terms with the boundaries of language and academic disciplines.
Aporophobia: Why We Reject the Poor Instead of Helping Them
by Professor Adela CortinaWhy “aporophobia”—rejection of the poor—is one of the most serious problems facing the world today, and how we can fight itIn this revelatory book, acclaimed political philosopher Adela Cortina makes an unprecedented assertion: the biggest problem facing the world today is the rejection of poor people. Because we can’t recognize something we can’t name, she proposes the term “aporophobia” for the pervasive exclusion, stigmatization, and humiliation of the poor, which cuts across xenophobia, racism, antisemitism, and other prejudices. Passionate and powerful, Aporophobia examines where this nearly invisible daily attack on poor people comes from, why it is so harmful, and how we can fight it.Aporophobia traces this universal prejudice’s neurological and social origins and its wide-ranging, pernicious consequences, from unnoticed hate crimes to aporophobia’s threat to democracy. It sheds new light on today’s rampant anti-immigrant feeling, which Cortina argues is better understood as aporophobia than xenophobia. We reject migrants not because of their origin, race, or ethnicity but because they seem to bring problems while offering nothing of value. And this is unforgivable in societies that enshrine economic exchange as the supreme value while forgetting that we can’t create communities worth living in without dignity, generosity, and compassion for all. Yet there is hope, and Cortina explains how we can overcome the moral, social, and political disaster of aporophobia through education and democratic institutions, and how poverty itself can be eradicated if we choose.In a world of migrant crises and economic inequality, Aporophobia is essential for understanding and confronting one of the most serious problems of the twenty-first century.
Apostles of Modernity: Saint-Simonians and the Civilizing Mission in Algeria
by Osama Abi-MershedInfluenced by the teachings of philosopher Henri de Saint-Simon (1760-1825), says Ali-Mershed (history, Georgetown U.), France's military Arabists making colonial policy for Algeria from 1830 to 1870 opposed native assimilation, and promoted what they called controlled association with the Muslims. Following him, they contested the existence of primordial human racial and cultural racial and cultural characteristics, he explains, and insisted that societies at different stages of historical development should evolve within their particular institutional structures and cultural traditions. He describes how their discretionary control over the Arab territories provided them a human laboratory for their experiments with Saint-Simonian reforms, and the geographic space to erect a semi-autonomous and protected Arab Kingdom. Annotation ©2010 Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com)
Appalachian Set Theory 2006-2012
by James Cummings Ernest SchimmerlingThis volume takes its name from a popular series of intensive mathematics workshops hosted at institutions in Appalachia and surrounding areas. At these meetings, internationally prominent set theorists give one-day lectures that focus on important new directions, methods, tools and results so that non-experts can begin to master these and incorporate them into their own research. Each chapter in this volume was written by the workshop leaders in collaboration with select student participants, and together they represent most of the meetings from the period 2006-2012. Topics covered include forcing and large cardinals, descriptive set theory, and applications of set theoretic ideas in group theory and analysis, making this volume essential reading for a wide range of researchers and graduate students.
Apparatchiks and Ideologues in Islamist Turkey: The Intellectual Order of Islamism and Populism
by Doğan GürpınarThis book analyzes how AKP’s embedded intellectuals operate as media spin doctors, exploring their transformation from passionately engaged intellectuals into apparatchiks. This project adapts a post-Soviet geography approach to the media, intelligentsia, and political discourse as derivative of authoritarian regimes to the Turkish context. It offers a fresh look at the Turkish political and intellectual scene and a comparative study of the populist-authoritarian politics of Turkey. Situated in the literature on the post-Soviet authoritarian regimes and their ways of governing, as well as their manipulation of public opinion, the book analyzes AKP-aligned intellectuals as apparatchiks. Gürpınar explores the different constellations of pro-AKP intellectuals vindicating the AKP regime from various angles, including: liberal/progressive intellectuals who initially supported the party for its liberal vistas but continued their support by twisting their progressive rhetoric; Islamist intellectuals blending their Islamism with populism; and national security intellectuals who joined after the AKP came to propagate a national security agenda. The book also provides an overview of the mechanisms of political technology, including the media landscape and its running by the AKP, intellectuals themselves as operators of political technology, and the problem of “cultural power.” The book will be of interest to those studying comparative authoritarian politics, populism, political communication, and scholars of Middle East and Eastern Europe.
The Appeal to the Given: A Study in Epistemology (Routledge Library Editions: Epistemology)
by Jacob Joshua RossOriginally published in 1970. This work evaluates the appeal to the sensually given which played an important role in epistemological discussions during the early 20th Century. While many contemporary philosophers regarded this appeal as a mistake, there were still some who defended the notion of the given and even made it the foundation of their views regarding perception. The author here points to several different views concerning the nature of the sensually given and argues that the issue between them is not empirical, as is naturally suggested by what he calls ‘the Naïve View’ of the dispute, but rather metaphysical, involving different theories regarding the relationship between Thought and Reality. This leads on to a discussion of the different views presently held regarding the task of the epistemologist, and to a new suggestion with regard to the relationship between common sense and the rival ontologies suggested by scientists and philosophers. In the course of the argument a variety of different topics are discussed such as the correspondence and coherence theories of truth, the differences between scientific and philosophical theories, and the relevance of scientific treatments of the subject of perception to the treatment of this topic by philosophers.
An Appeal to the World: The Way to Peace in a Time of Division
by Dalai Lama Franz AltThe #1 international bestseller that “makes the case for unity in a world rife with divisions.” Features exclusive new material on the Trump presidency (The New York Times Book Review).In this brief yet profound address to global humanity, His Holiness the Dalai Lama of Tibet reveals that we all hold the seeds of world peace within us: “I see with ever greater clarity that our spiritual well-being depends,” the Nobel Peace Prize winner writes, “on our innate human nature, our natural affinity for goodness, compassion, and caring for others.”Already a major international bestseller, An Appeal to the World, the new book by one of the most revered spiritual leaders of our time, outlines both the inward and outward paths to peace, addressing a wide range of contemporary topics—from the rise of nationalism, Trump presidency, refugee crisis, climate catastrophes, and materialism to meditation, universal ethics, and even neuroscience. Here is a small book that can truly change the world.“Always inspiring and accessible, this lovely book is, itself, readers will discover, worth meditation and contemplation.” —Booklist“The authors explain how patience, forbearance, humility, and generosity are essential components of secular ethics. This revolution in thinking has the potential to increase empathy and compassion, as life is interdependent and our actions have global impacts.” —Library Journal
Appeals to Interest: Language, Contestation, and the Shaping of Political Agency
by Dean MathiowetzIt has become a commonplace assumption in modern political debate that white and rural working- and middle-class citizens in the United States who have been rallied by Republicans in the “culture wars” to vote Republican have been voting “against their interests.” But what, exactly, are these “interests” that these voters are supposed to have been voting against? It reveals a lot about the role of the notion of interest in political debate today to realize that these “interests” are taken for granted to be the narrowly self-regarding, primarily economic “interests” of the individual. Exposing and contesting this view of interests, Dean Mathiowetz finds in the language of interest an already potent critique of neoliberal political, theoretical, and methodological imperatives—and shows how such a critique has long been active in the term’s rich history. Through an innovative historical investigation of the language of interest, Mathiowetz shows that appeals to interest are always politically contestable claims about “who” somebody is—and a provocation to action on behalf of that “who.” Appeals to Interest exposes the theoretical and political costs of our widespread denial of this crucial role of interest-talk in the constitution of political identity, in political theory and social science alike.
Appeals to Interest: Language, Contestation, and the Shaping of Political Agency
by Dean MathiowetzIt has become a commonplace assumption in modern political debate that white and rural working- and middle-class citizens in the United States who have been rallied by Republicans in the “culture wars” to vote Republican have been voting “against their interests.” But what, exactly, are these “interests” that these voters are supposed to have been voting against? It reveals a lot about the role of the notion of interest in political debate today to realize that these “interests” are taken for granted to be the narrowly self-regarding, primarily economic “interests” of the individual. Exposing and contesting this view of interests, Dean Mathiowetz finds in the language of interest an already potent critique of neoliberal political, theoretical, and methodological imperatives—and shows how such a critique has long been active in the term’s rich history. Through an innovative historical investigation of the language of interest, Mathiowetz shows that appeals to interest are always politically contestable claims about “who” somebody is—and a provocation to action on behalf of that “who.” Appeals to Interest exposes the theoretical and political costs of our widespread denial of this crucial role of interest-talk in the constitution of political identity, in political theory and social science alike.
Appearance and Reality: A Metaphysical Essay (Cambridge Library Collection - Philosophy Ser.)
by Bradley, F HFirst published in 2002. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.
Appearing and Empty (The Library of Wisdom and Compassion #9)
by His Holiness the Dalai Lama Venerable Thubten ChodronIn this final volume on emptiness, the Dalai Lama skillfully reveals the Prasangikas&’ view of the ultimate nature of reality so that we will gain the correct view of emptiness, the selflessness of both persons and phenomena, and have the means to eliminate our own and others&’ duhkha.In this last of three volumes on emptiness, the Dalai Lama takes us through the Sautrantika, Yogacara, and Svatantrika views on the ultimate nature of reality and the Prasangikas&’ thorough responses to these, so that we gain the correct view of emptiness—the selflessness of both persons and phenomena. This view entails negating inherent existence while also being able to establish conventional existence: emptiness does not mean nothingness. We then learn how to meditate on the correct view by cultivating pristine wisdom that is the union of serenity and insight as taught in the Pali, Chinese, and Tibetan traditions. Such meditation, when combined with the altruistic intention of bodhicitta, leads to the complete eradication of all defilements that obscure our minds. This volume also introduces us to the tathagatagarbha—the buddha essence—and how it is understood in both Tibet and China. Is it permanent? Does everyone have it? In addition, the discussion of sudden and gradual awakening in Zen (Chan) Buddhism and in Tibetan Buddhism is fascinating.
Apperception, Knowledge and Experience
by W. H. BossartBossart discusses the alleged losses of faith and self in postmodernist thought in the light of the "triumph" and subsequent decline of the transcendental turn in philosophy initiated by Kant.
Apples and Oranges: Explorations In, On, and With Comparison
by Bruce LincolnComparison is an indispensable intellectual operation that plays a crucial role in the formation of knowledge. Yet comparison often leads us to forego attention to nuance, detail, and context, perhaps leaving us bereft of an ethical obligation to take things correspondingly as they are. Examining the practice of comparison across the study of history, language, religion, and culture, distinguished scholar of religion Bruce Lincoln argues in Apples and Oranges for a comparatism of a more modest sort. Lincoln presents critiques of recent attempts at grand comparison, and enlists numerous theoretical examples of how a more modest, cautious, and discriminating form of comparison might work and what it can accomplish. He does this through studies of shamans, werewolves, human sacrifices, apocalyptic prophecies, sacred kings, and surveys of materials as diverse and wide-ranging as Beowulf, Herodotus’s account of the Scythians, the Native American Ghost Dance, and the Spanish Civil War. Ultimately, Lincoln argues that concentrating one's focus on a relatively small number of items that the researcher can compare closely, offering equal attention to relations of similarity and difference, not only grants dignity to all parties considered, it yields more reliable and more interesting—if less grandiose—results. Giving equal attention to the social, historical, and political contexts and subtexts of religious and literary texts also allows scholars not just to assess their content, but also to understand the forces, problems, and circumstances that motivated and shaped them.
Apples from the Desert
by Grace Paley Savyon LiebrechtSavyon Liebrecht's intense, lyrical, and emotionally complex stories have made her a best-selling writer in her native Israel. Her short fiction explores the everyday tragedies that emanate from strained relationships between Arabs and Jews, women and men, older and younger generations in present-day Israel. According to the Washington Post Book World, her "engrossing and skillful tales take you through the lives of real people, to the heart of their emotional and moral being." Liebrecht reveals the impact of larger social and political conflicts within the private world of the home with a precision and a subtle ferocity reminiscent of the work of Nadine Gordimer. "These finely wrought stories of private lives shed light on a terrifying political conflict", notes the New York Times Book Review. "[Liebrecht] takes you places you've never been before." The Helen Rose Scheuer Jewish Woman's Series
Application and Theory of Petri Nets and Concurrency: 37th International Conference, PETRI NETS 2016, Toruń, Poland, June 19-24, 2016. Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #9698)
by Fabrice Kordon Daniel MoldtThis book constitutes the proceedings of the 37th International Conference on Application and Theory of Petri Nets and Concurrency, PETRI NETS 2016, held in Toruń, Poland, in June 2016. Petri Nets 2016 was co-located with the Application of Concurrency to System Design Conference, ACSD 2016.The 16 papers including 3 tool papers with 4 invited talks presented together in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 42 submissions. Papers presenting original research on application or theory of Petri nets, as well as contributions addressing topics relevant to the general field of distributed and concurrent systems are presented within this volume.
Applications of Conceptual Spaces: The Case for Geometric Knowledge Representation (Synthese Library #359)
by Peter Gärdenfors Frank ZenkerThis volume provides an overview of applications of conceptual spaces theory, beginning with an introduction to the modeling tool that unifies the chapters. The first section explores issues of linguistic semantics, including speakers' negotiation of meaning. Further sections address computational and ontological aspects of constructing conceptual spaces, while the final section looks at philosophical applications. Domains include artificial intelligence and robotics, epistemology and philosophy of science, lexical semantics and pragmatics, agent-based simulation, perspectivism, framing, contrast, sensory modalities, and music, among others. This collection provides evidence of the wide application range of this theory of knowledge representation. The papers in this volume derive from international experts across different fields including philosophy, cognitive science, linguistics, robotics, computer science and geography. Each contributor has successfully applied conceptual spaces theory as a modeling tool in their respective areas of expertise. Graduates as well as researchers in the areas of epistemology, linguistics, geometric knowledge representation, and the mathematical modeling of cognitive processes should find this book of particular interest.
Applications of Formal Philosophy: The Road Less Travelled (Logic, Argumentation & Reasoning #14)
by Rafał Urbaniak Gillman PayetteThis book features mathematical and formal philosophers' efforts to understand philosophical questions using mathematical techniques. It offers a collection of works from leading researchers in the area, who discuss some of the most fascinating ways formal methods are now being applied. It covers topics such as: the uses of probable and statistical reasoning, rational choice theory, reasoning in the environmental sciences, reasoning about laws and changes of rules, and reasoning about collective decision procedures as well as about action. Utilizing mathematical techniques has been very fruitful in the traditional domains of formal philosophy - logic, philosophy of mathematics and metaphysics - while formal philosophy is simultaneously branching out into other areas in philosophy and the social sciences. These areas particularly include ethics, political science, and the methodology of the natural and social sciences. Reasoning about legal rules, collective decision-making procedures, and rational choices are of interest to all those engaged in legal theory, political science and economics. Statistical reasoning is also of interest to political scientists and economists.
Applications of Mathematics and Informatics in Natural Sciences and Engineering: AMINSE 2019, Tbilisi, Georgia, September 23-26 (Springer Proceedings in Mathematics & Statistics #334)
by George Jaiani David NatroshviliThis book presents peer-reviewed papers from the 4th International Conference on Applications of Mathematics and Informatics in Natural Sciences and Engineering (AMINSE2019), held in Tbilisi, Georgia, in September 2019. Written by leading researchers from Austria, France, Germany, Georgia, Hungary, Romania, South Korea and the UK, the book discusses important aspects of mathematics, and informatics, and their applications in natural sciences and engineering. It particularly focuses on Lie algebras and applications, strategic graph rewriting, interactive modeling frameworks, rule-based frameworks, elastic composites, piezoelectrics, electromagnetic force models, limiting distribution, degenerate Ito-SDEs, induced operators, subgaussian random elements, transmission problems, pseudo-differential equations, and degenerate partial differential equations. Featuring theoretical, practical and numerical contributions, the book will appeal to scientists from various disciplines interested in applications of mathematics and informatics in natural sciences and engineering.
Applications of Model Theory to Functional Analysis (Dover Books on Mathematics)
by Prof. Jose IovinoDuring the last two decades, methods that originated within mathematical logic have exhibited powerful applications to Banach space theory, particularly set theory and model theory. This volume constitutes the first self-contained introduction to techniques of model theory in Banach space theory. The area of research has grown rapidly since this monograph's first appearance, but much of this material is still not readily available elsewhere. For instance, this volume offers a unified presentation of Krivine's theorem and the Krivine-Maurey theorem on stable Banach spaces, with emphasis on the connection between these results and basic model-theoretic notions such as types, indiscernible sequences, and ordinal ranks. Suitable for advanced undergraduates and graduate students of mathematics, this exposition does not presuppose expertise in either model theory or Banach space theory. Numerous exercises and historical notes supplement the text.
Applied Afro-Communitarian Ethics and Foreign Armed Intervention
by Danny SinghJust war theory concerns the morality of engaging in warfare, the conduct in war and justice – including democratization and reconstruction – in the aftermath to end war. The morality of war can be measured from a variety of military and philosophical ethics that include theological, consequentialist and realist schools of thought. Various military interventions, such as Bosnia, Afghanistan and Iraq, have been analyzed and evaluated and criticized from a Western and, especially, liberal point of view. In this book, Danny Singh addresses foreign interventions from a different normative paradigm. Namely, he addresses the morality of foreign military interventions in light of Afro-communitarianism, a dominant philosophical approach in sub-Saharan Africa. According to Afro-communitarianism, positive communal relationships/social harmony are the greatest good that can be achieved to form friendship (which can be understood as the combination of shared identity and goodwill). Even though Afro-communitarianism prioritizes peaceful communal relations, enmity-behavior and violence are morally permissible if it either leads to a less disharmonious state of affairs or to a harmonious state of affairs or there are no friendly alternatives to achieve any of both desired outcomes but the initiator of conflict desires to promote them. Moreover, Afro-communitarianism prescribes dialogue as a guiding action to avoid military conflict. The book provides an alternative, and non-Western, approach to the morality of war and efforts to promote sustainable peace in the aftermath of conflict between warring belligerent parties.
Applied Biblical Worldview: Essays On Christian Ethics
by Christopher ConeSo What Applied Biblical Worldview: Essays on Christian Ethics answers this philosophically significant question by examining worldview foundations and ethics implications for Christians and non-Christians alike. Building with a Biblical framework, several key areas are considered including: individual conduct, life and death, gender, sexuality, marriage, parental relationships, church function, economics, government, social justice, environment, pluralism, and the future.