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Kant’s Cosmology: From the Pre-Critical System to the Antinomy of Pure Reason (European Studies in Philosophy of Science #12)
by Brigitte FalkenburgThis book provides a comprehensive account of Kant’s development from the 1755/56 metaphysics to the cosmological antinomy of 1781. With the Theory of the Heavens (1755) and the Physical Monadology (1756), the young Kant had presented an ambitious approach to physical cosmology based on an atomistic theory of matter, which contributed to the foundations of an all-encompassing system of metaphysics. Why did he abandon this system in favor of his critical view that cosmology runs into an antinomy, according to the Critique of Pure Reason (CPR)? This book answers this question by focusing on Kant’s methodology and the internal problems of his 1755/56 theory of nature. A decisive role for Kant’s critical turn plays the argument from incongruent counterparts (1768), which drew much attention among philosophers of science, though not sufficiently in Kant research. Furthermore, the book analyses the genesis of the cosmological antinomy in the 1770s, the logical structure of the antinomy in the CPR, its relation to transcendental idealism, as explained in the “experiment of pure reason” (1787), and its role for the teleology of human reason. The book is addressed to Kant scholars, philosophers of science, and students of Kant’s philosophy.
Kant’s Critical Epistemology: Why Epistemology Must Consider Judgment First (Routledge Studies in Eighteenth-Century Philosophy)
by Kenneth R. WestphalThis book assesses and defends Kant’s Critical epistemology, and the rich yet neglected resources it provides for understanding and resolving fundamental issues regarding human experience, perceptual judgment, empirical knowledge and cognitive sciences.Kenneth Westphal first examines Kant’s methods and strategies for examining human sensory-perceptual experience, and then examines Kant’s central, proper, and subtle attention to judgment, and so to the humanly possible valid use of concepts and principles to judge particulars we confront. This provides a comprehensive account of Kant’s anti-Cartesianism, the integrity of his three principles of causal judgment, and Kant’s account of disciminatory perceptual-motor behaviour, including both sensory reafference and perceptual affordances. Westphal then defends the significance of Kant’s subtle and illuminating account of causal judgment for three main philosophical domains: history and philosophy of science, theory of action and human freedom, and philosophy of mind.Kant’s Critical Epistemology will appeal to researchers and advanced students interested in Kant and the relations of his thought to contemporary philosophical debates and to the sciences of the mind.
Kant’s Deduction and Apperception
by Dennis SchultingThe book offers a thoroughgoing, analytic account of the Deduction of the Categories in Kant's Critique of Pure Reason that is different from existing interpretations in at least one important aspect: its central claim is that the categories are derivable from the principle of apperception.
Kant’s Dialectic
by Jonathan BennettJonathan Bennett here examines the second half of the Critique of Pure Reason, the Dialectic, where Kant is concerned with problems about substance, the nature of the self, the cosmos, freedom and the existence of God. In this study of the Dialectic in English, the author aims to make accessible and intelligible to students this complex and extremely important part of Kant's great work. There are also extended comparative discussions of related work by some of the most influential of Kant's predecessors, in particular Descartes and Leibniz. As in his earlier book, Professor Bennett offers not passive exegesis but critical assessment; he approaches Kant from the standpoint of contemporary analytical philosophy, identifying those arguments and issues of most continuing interest, and engaging with Kant in discussion of them. His purpose throughout is 'not history with a special subject-matter, but philosophy with a special technique'.
Kant’s Early Followers in Political Philosophy (Routledge Studies in Eighteenth-Century Philosophy)
by Reidar Maliks Theresia Widmer, ElisabethImmanuel Kant influenced a large and productive group of political philosophers in the 1790s. This volume argues that they brought out more fully the egalitarian principles of Kantian republicanism.“The Kantian school” featured young philosophers including Saul Ascher, Johann Adam Bergk, Johann Benjamin Erhard, Johann Ludwig Ewald, the early Johann Gottlieb Fichte, Friedrich Schlegel, and Johann Heinrich Tieftrunk. The chapters in this volume analyze their work in relation to Kant and their wider philosophical and political context. They advance three main theses. First, the Kantians defended popular sovereignty and several of them supported the extension of the right to vote to workers and women. Second, several of them developed a political perfectionism, the view that equal political rights are justified for their effects on cultivating moral character. Third, they developed sophisticated theories of state legitimacy and collective action, defending a people’s right to change their constitution, either through reform or through revolution.Kant’s Early Followers in Political Philosophy offers a systematic view into a neglected group of thinkers at a foundational moment for modern political thought. It will be of interest to scholars and graduate students working on Kant, eighteenth- century philosophy, political philosophy, and the history of early modern German political thought.
Kant’s Ethics and the Same-Sex Marriage Debate - An Introduction
by Christopher ArroyoThis book defends the thesis that Kant's normative ethics and his practical ethics of sex and marriage can be valuable resources for people engaged in the contemporary debate over same-sex marriage. It does so by first developing a reading of Kant's normative ethics that explains the way in which Kant's notions of human moral imperfection unsocial sociability inform his ethical thinking. The book then offers a systematic treatment of Kant's views of sex and marriage, arguing that Kant's views are more defensible than some of his critics have made them out to be. Drawing on Kant's account of marriage and his conception of moral friendship, the book argues that Kant's ethics can be used to develop a defense of same-sex marriage.
Kant’s Lasting Legacy: Essays in Honor of Béatrice Longuenesse (Routledge Festschrifts in Philosophy)
by Colin Marshall Stefanie GrüneBéatrice Longuenesse is one of the most important scholars of German philosophy in the past 50 years. This volume features original essays written by Longuenesse’s long-time interlocutors and former students that reflect on the breadth and influence of her work.In Longuenesse’s earlier work, she shed light on the importance of subtle features of Kant’s and Hegel’s philosophical systems. Her more recent work has built on doctrines concerning the self and self-consciousness from Kant and other philosophers, demonstrating the continued relevance of history of philosophy to contemporary philosophy. The chapters are divided into two thematic sections that (1) read Kant and Hegel and (2) reflect on the state of Kantianism today. The volume concludes with an autobiographical essay written by Longuenesse that reflects on her philosophical journey. Many of the essays engage directly with Longuenesse’s work, while others are written on closely related themes in a similar spirit. Altogether, the chapters express the ongoing importance of Longuenesse’s accomplishments and the vibrant state of the field.Kant’s Lasting Legacy will appeal to scholars and advanced students interested in Kant, the history of German philosophy, and philosophy of mind.
Kant’s Political Theory: Interpretations and Applications
by Elisabeth EllisPast interpreters of Kant’s thought seldom viewed his writings on politics as having much importance, especially in comparison with his writings on ethics, which (along with his major works, such as the Critique of Pure Reason) received the lion’s share of attention. But in recent years a new generation of scholars has revived interest in what Kant had to say about politics. From a position of engagement with today’s most pressing questions, this volume of essays offers a comprehensive introduction to Kant’s often misunderstood political thought. Covering the full range of sources of Kant’s political theory—including not only the Doctrine of Right, the Critiques, and the political essays but also Kant’s lectures and minor writings—the volume’s distinguished contributors demonstrate that Kant’s philosophy offers compelling positions that continue to inspire the best thinking on politics today.Aside from the editor, the contributors are Michaele Ferguson, Louis-Philippe Hodgson, Ian Hunter, John Christian Laursen, Mika LaVaque-Manty, Onora O’Neill, Thomas W. Pogge, Arthur Ripstein, and Robert S. Taylor.
Kant’s Political Theory: Interpretations and Applications
by Elisabeth EllisPast interpreters of Kant’s thought seldom viewed his writings on politics as having much importance, especially in comparison with his writings on ethics, which (along with his major works, such as the Critique of Pure Reason) received the lion’s share of attention. But in recent years a new generation of scholars has revived interest in what Kant had to say about politics. From a position of engagement with today’s most pressing questions, this volume of essays offers a comprehensive introduction to Kant’s often misunderstood political thought. Covering the full range of sources of Kant’s political theory—including not only the Doctrine of Right, the Critiques, and the political essays but also Kant’s lectures and minor writings—the volume’s distinguished contributors demonstrate that Kant’s philosophy offers compelling positions that continue to inspire the best thinking on politics today.Aside from the editor, the contributors are Michaele Ferguson, Louis-Philippe Hodgson, Ian Hunter, John Christian Laursen, Mika LaVaque-Manty, Onora O’Neill, Thomas W. Pogge, Arthur Ripstein, and Robert S. Taylor.
Kant’s Theory of Emotion
by Diane WilliamsonWilliamson explains, defends, and applies Kant's theory of emotion. Looking primarily to the Anthropology and the Metaphysics of Morals, she situates Kant's theory of affect within his theory of feeling and focuses on the importance of moral feelings and the moral evaluation of our emotions. Feelings, for Kant, are physiological occurrences (pains and/or pleasures) that are caused by the cognitive faculty, including perception and present experience. Their underlying thoughts must be morally evaluated. She illustrates both the role that emotions play in developing virtue and the role they can play in leading to vice and evil. Kant's theory has an advantage over current cultural and research trends because it neither suggests that we must blindly follow our feelings nor that emotions are irrational forces that must be overcome. Instead, Kant's theory does the best job of helping us to understand and evaluate our emotions.
Kant’s Theory of Normativity
by Konstantin PollokKonstantin Pollok offers the first book-length analysis of Kant's theory of normativity that covers foundational issues in theoretical and practical philosophy as well as aesthetics. Interpreting Kant's 'critical turn' as a normative turn, he argues that Kant's theory of normativity is both original and radical: it departs from the perfectionist ideal of early modern rationalism, and arrives at an unprecedented framework of synthetic a priori principles that determine the validity of our judgments. Pollok examines the hylomorphism in Kant's theory of normativity and relates Kant's idea of our reason's self-legislation to the 'natural right' tradition, revealing Kant's debt to his predecessors as well as his relevance to contemporary debates on normativity. This book will appeal to academic researchers and advanced students of Kant, early modern philosophy and intellectual history.
Karen Barad as Educator: Agential Realism and Education (SpringerBriefs in Education)
by Karin MurrisThis book is about becoming touched and moved by Karen Barad’s agential realism. Karen Barad as Educator is not biographical. It is not about Barad. There is much to be learned about teaching and education research through the human and other-than-human narrative characters in Barad’s writings and way of life. Reading this book is about becoming entangled with, and being inspired by, a passionate yearning for a radical reconfiguration of education in all its settings and phases (e.g., day-care centres, schools, colleges, universities, but also homes, museums or therapy rooms). This book will appeal to lecturers, teachers, artists, therapists, parents and grandparents, funders of education research, organisers of educational events, as well as detached youth workers. In short, this book will speak to anyone interested in the ‘what’ and the ‘how’ of educational encounters and who is interested in alternatives to the dominant neoliberal national curricula, educational policies and humanist teaching, research, and conference agendas. The book aims to offer a gripping account for educators to be inspired by the invigorating and elusive philosophy of agential realism with a specific focus on iterative performative practices that profoundly matter to what counts as knowledge, teaching, learning and response-able education science.
Karl Barth and Comparative Theology (Comparative Theology: Thinking Across Traditions #7)
by Martha L. Moore-Keish and Christian T. Collins WinnBuilding on recent engagements with Barth in the area of theologies of religion, Karl Barth and Comparative Theology inaugurates a new conversation between Barth’s theology and comparative theology. Each essay brings Barth into conversation with theological claims from other religious traditions for the purpose of modeling deep learning across religious borders from a Barthian perspective. For each tradition, two Barth-influenced theologians offer focused engagements of Barth with the tradition’s respective themes and figures, and a response from a theologian from that tradition then follows. With these surprising and stirringly creative exchanges, Karl Barth and Comparative Theology promises to open up new trajectories for comparative theology.Contributors: Chris Boesel, Francis X. Clooney, Christian T. Collins Winn, Victor Ezigbo, James Farwell, Tim Hartman, S. Mark Heim, Paul Knitter, Pan-chiu Lai, Martha L. Moore-Keish, Peter Ochs, Marc Pugliese, Joshua Ralston, Anantanand Rambachan, Randi Rashkover, Kurt Richardson, Mun’im Sirry, John Sheveland, Nimi Wariboko
Karl Barth and Post-Reformation Orthodoxy (Barth Studies)
by Rinse H. BrouwerThroughout his magnum opus, Church Dogmatics, Karl Barth converses with the great theologians of post-reformation orthodoxy, quoting from works in his private collection. When Barth became Honorary Professor of Reformed Theology at the University of Göttingen in 1921, his knowledge of the Reformed tradition was practically non-existent; he quickly amassed his collection of ancient copies in order to acquire a thorough knowledge of orthodoxy. In Karl Barth and Post-Reformation Orthodoxy, Rinse H. Reeling Brouwer identifies and discusses the sources of Barth's conversations and analyses Barth's use and (mis)understandings of them. Each chapter focuses on one of the topics in Christian Dogmatics, with the last chapter exploring the way in which Barth's role as a reader of the 19th-century writer of a textbook on Reformed Dogmatics Heinrich Heppe influenced the ultimate shaping of Church Dogmatics. Reeling Brouwer offers a major contribution to Barth scholarship and an important resource for theologians as well as historians focusing on the post-reformation protestant theology.
Karl Jaspers' Philosophy and Psychopathology
by Thomas Fuchs Thiemo Breyer Christoph MundtThis book is based on a congress evaluating Jaspers' basic psychopathological concepts and their anthropological roots in light of modern research paradigms. It provides a definition of delusion, his concept of "limit situation" so much challenged by trauma research, and his methodological debate. We are approaching the anniversary of Jaspers seminal work General Psychopathology in 1913. The Centre of Psychosocial Medicine of the University with its Psychiatric Hospital where Jaspers wrote this influential volume as a 29 year old clinical assistant hosted a number of international experts familiar with his psychiatric and philosophical work. This fruitful interdisciplinary discussion seems particularly important in light of the renewed interest in Jaspers' work, which will presumably increase towards the anniversary year 2013. This volume is unique in bringing together the knowledge of leading international scholars and combining three dimensions of investigation that are necessary to understand Jaspers in light of contemporary questions: history (section I), methodology (section II) and application (section III).
Karl Jaspers: Arzt, Psychologe, Philosoph, politischer Denker (Biblioteca De Filosofía Ser. #Vol. 23)
by Kurt SalamunDieses Buch zeichnet ein knappes Bild von Karl Jaspers‘ ungewöhnlichem Leben und von seiner Philosophie. Der Leser lernt eine tapfere Persönlichkeit kennen, die ein Leben zwischen den Extremen bewältigen musste. Bedroht durch eine unheilbare Krankheit und bedrängt durch das Nazi-Regime gelingt es Jaspers dennoch, ein fruchtbares Werk als Psychiater, Forscher, akademischer Lehrer, als Philosoph und politischer Schriftsteller aufzubauen und dabei eine ungewöhnlich glückliche Ehe zu leben. Der Leser wird in die Hauptthemen seines Denkens eingeführt: Sinn des Lebens in Grenzsituationen, zwischenmenschliche Kommunikation, Gott, Sinn der Geschichte und die Verteidigung der Demokratie. Seine Kritik an illiberal-totalitären Denkweisen, die Warnung vor dem Atomkrieg sowie sein liberales Ethos der Humanität erweisen sich für die Gegenwart als überraschend aktuell.
Karl Jaspers: Physician, Psychologist, Philosopher, Political Thinker
by Kurt SalamunThis book paints a brief picture of Karl Jaspers' unusual life and philosophy. The reader gets to know a brave personality who had to face a life between extremes. Threatened by an incurable disease and harassed by the Nazi regime, Jaspers nevertheless succeeds in building a fruitful work as a psychiatrist, researcher, academic teacher, philosopher and political writer and living an unusually happy marriage in the process. The reader is introduced to the main themes of his thinking: the meaning of life in borderline situations, interpersonal communication, God, the meaning of history and the defense of democracy. His criticism of illiberal totalitarian ways of thinking,
Karl Jaspers: Politics and Metaphysics (Routledge Studies in Twentieth-Century Philosophy #Vol. 11)
by Chris Thornhill Dr Chris ThornhillThis book sets out a new reading of the much-neglected philosophy of Karl Jaspers. By questioning the common perception of Jaspers either as a proponent of irrationalist cultural philosophy or as an early, peripheral disciple of Martin Heidegger, it re-establishes him as a central figure in modern European philosophy. Giving particular consideration to his position in epistemological, metaphysical and political debate, the author argues that Jaspers's work deserves renewed consideration in a number of important discussions, particularly in hermeneutics, anthropological reflections on religion, the critique of idealism, and debates on the end of metaphysics.
Karl Leonhard Reinhold and the Enlightenment
by George Di GiovanniKarl Leonhard Reinhold (1757-1823) is a complex figure of the late German Enlightenment. Sometime Catholic priest and active Mason even when still a cleric in Vienna; early disciple of Kant and the first to try to reform the Critique of Reason; influential teacher and prolific author; astute commentator on the immediate post-Kantian scene; and at all times convinced propagandist of the Enlightenment--in all these roles Reinhold reflected his age but also tested the limits of the values that had inspired it. This collection of essays, originally presented at an international workshop held in Montreal in 2007, conveys this multifaceted figure of Reinhold in all its details. In the four themes that run across the contributions--the historicity of reason; the primacy of moral praxis; the personalism of religious belief; and the transformation of classical metaphysics into phenomenology of mind--Reinhold is presented as a catalyst of nineteenth century thought but also as one who remained bound to intellectual prejudices that were typical of the Enlightenment and, for this reason, as still the representative of a past age. The volume contains the text of two hitherto unpublished Masonic speeches by Reinhold, and a description of recently recovered transcripts of student lecture notes dating to Reinhold's early Jena period.
Karl Löwith: Eine philosophische Biographie
by Enrico DonaggioEin dauerndes Unbehagen und eine unbeirrbare Treue zur Philosophie durchziehen Karl Löwiths Leben und Werk. Unter Rückgriff auf zum Teil unveröffentlichte Tagebücher, Dokumente und Briefwechsel mit bedeutenden Vertretern kulturkritischen Denkens (u.a. Heidegger, Jaspers, Strauss, Arendt, Bultmann, Voegelin, Gadamer, Horkheimer, Marcuse und Habermas) rekonstruiert diese 2004 in Italien erschienene Monographie seine Denkbiographie und zugleich die Kritik an der Moderne, die der elegante skeptische Philosoph in seinen Schriften herausarbeitete. Löwiths Ansatz wirkt für ein auf den Menschen gegründetes, mit der Kritik der eigenen Zeit behaftetes Denken ebenso unzeitgemäß wie provokativ: die Theorie vor jeglichem Rückfall ins Politische bewahren, indem ihr ein Sicherheitsabstand von Aktualitätsfragen eingeräumt wird; die Philosophie auf das hin ausrichten, was nicht Geschichte ist – die ewige Ordnung der Natur –, um unsere Beziehung zur Welt in den richtigen Proportionen zu erfassen.
Karl Mannheim and the Crisis of Liberalism: The Secret of These New Times
by David KettlerTo reflect on Karl Mannheim is to address fundamental issues of political enlightenment Mannheim's driving determination "was to learn as a sociologist by close observation the secret (even if it is infernal) of these new times." Mannheim's aim was "to carry liberal values forward." His problem remains irresistible to reflective people at the end of the twentieth century. Mannheim attempted to link social thinking to political emancipation despite overwhelming evidence against the connection. Karl Mannheim and the Crisis of Liberalism is a sympathetic biography of Mannheim's paradoxicalaand paradigmatica'project. The book covers a wide range of European and American thought, including Mannheim's dealings with Georg Lukacs and Oscar Jszi in Budapest; with Alfred Weber, Leopold von Wiese, Franz Neumann, Paul Tillich, Adolph Loewe, and his students in Weimar Germany; with Louis Wirth, Edward Shils, and other major figures in American sociology; and with social analysts and religious thinkers in England. The analysis is informed by dilemmas of history and theory, science and rhetoric, freedom and technical controlathe themes of liberalism. Kettler and Meja carefully depict each stage of Mannheim's life as a sociologist and explore his influence on leading social thinkers. Karl Mannheim and the Crisis of Liberalism combines significant biographical information with insightful sociological theory. It will be a vital resource for historians, sociologists, and political theorists.
Karl Marx
by Allen W. WoodAllen Wood explains the views of Karl Marx from a philosophical standpoint and defends Marx against common misunderstandings and criticisms of his views. This second edition has been revised to include a new chapter on capitalist exploitation and new suggestions for further reading. Wood has also added a substantial new preface which looks at Marx's thought in light of the fall of the Soviet Union and our continued ambivalence towards capitalism, exploring Marx's continuing relevance in the twenty-first century.
Karl Marx
by Francis WheenLa biografía más humana, cercana y amena de uno de los filósofos más influyentes de todos los tiempos Las ideas de Karl Marx son probablemente las que más han influido en el mundo después de las de Jesucristo. En esta apasionante y en ocasiones muy divertida biografía se nos presenta por primera vez a Karl Marx en su faceta más humana. Un apasionado agitador, que pasó casi toda su vida encerrado en la sala de lectura del Museo Británico; un hombre sociable y simpático que, sin embargo, acabó enemistado con casi todos sus amigos; un abnegado padre de familia que dejó embarazada a la criada; un intelectual profundamente serio al que le gustaba beber, contar chistes y fumar puros y un hijo pródigo al que su madre le dijo: «Habría preferido que reunieras un capital en vez de escribir sobre él.» La vida y las ideas de Marx, su encanto y su cólera, se muestran en toda su complejidad y contradicción: la de un brillante y provocador filósofo que vivió, como en los libros de Dickens, los tiempos difíciles de un caballero venido a menos. Otros escritores y periodistas opinan...«Leería cualquier cosa escrita por Wheen, incluso una biografía de Marx.»Nick Hornby «Este libro es una delicia.»Niall Ferguson «Un libro magnífico, divertido y fascinante, un triunfo de Wheen.»A.N.Wilson
Karl Marx
by Gareth Stedman JonesGareth Stedman Jones returns Karl Marx to his nineteenth-century world, before later inventions transformed him into Communism's patriarch and fierce lawgiver. He shows how Marx adapted the philosophies of Kant, Hegel, Feuerbach, and others into ideas that would have--in ways inconceivable to Marx--an overwhelming impact in the twentieth century.