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Arthur Schopenhauer's English Schooling (Routledge Revivals)
by Patrick BridgwaterOriginally published in 1988 Arthur Schopenhauer’s English Schooling examines the famous German philosopher Arthur Schopenhauer, and his image of England and the influences and experiences which formed that image, notably his visit to England in 1803. His philosophy, when he came to formulate it, showed the pervasive influence of his English reading, was riddled with allusions to his three months at Wimbledon School, and was indeed in many ‘English’ style; above all it was a philosophy designed as a refutation of ‘Christianity’ as understood and practised by his English headmaster, who is the invisible bête noire behind it. In the course of the book two major figures who have hitherto been known only by name are identified and their lives related. The book also examines many background figures in Schopenhauer’s English diary and the letters addressed to him in 1803. This book, which is based on a wide variety of hitherto unknown material from many different sources, will permanently modify our view of his philosophy; it also has important implications for educationalists and for all interest in the history of ideas.
The Arthurdale School: Cultural Intervention Through Rural Folklife Education in a Progressive New Deal Setting
by Jan RosenbergThis book chronicles the school envisioned by Eleanor Roosevelt in 1933 to serve Arthurdale, the New Deal government-created community in north-central West Virginia. Arthurdale was founded to house unemployed miners and their families and provide them with opportunities to receive healthcare and obtain gainful employment. Roosevelt had a particular interest in the education of children, feeling that education and social life were profoundly intertwined within a community. With that in mind, in 1934, she hired Elsie Ripley Clapp—an educator and leader in the Progressive Education movement—to design and implement the school, as well as oversee the social life of Arthurdale as a whole. In addition to covering the Arthurdale School's birth, life, and dissolution, Rosenberg discusses how the lessons of the school might serve the culture of education today, especially as an element of a comprehensive approach to community revitalization.
Articulate While Black: Barack Obama, Language, And Race In The U. S.
by H. Samy Alim Geneva Smitherman Michael Eric DysonBarack Obama is widely considered one of the most powerful and charismatic speakers of our age. Without missing a beat, he often moves between Washington insider talk and culturally Black ways of speaking--as shown in a famous YouTube clip, where Obama declined the change offered to him by a Black cashier in a Washington, D.C. restaurant with the phrase, "Nah, we straight." <p><p>In Articulate While Black, two renowned scholars of Black Language address language and racial politics in the U.S. through an insightful examination of President Barack Obama's language use--and America's response to it. In this eloquently written and powerfully argued book, H. Samy Alim and Geneva Smitherman provide new insights about President Obama and the relationship between language and race in contemporary society. <p><p>Throughout, they analyze several racially loaded, cultural-linguistic controversies involving the President--from his use of Black Language and his "articulateness" to his "Race Speech," the so-called "fist-bump," and his relationship to Hip Hop Culture. Using their analysis of Barack Obama as a point of departure, Alim and Smitherman reveal how major debates about language, race, and educational inequality erupt into moments of racial crisis in America. <p><p> In challenging American ideas about language, race, education, and power, they help take the national dialogue on race to the next level. In much the same way that Cornel West revealed nearly two decades ago that "race matters," Alim and Smitherman in this groundbreaking book show how deeply "language matters" to the national conversation on race--and in our daily lives.
Articulating Intersex: A Crisis at the Intersection of Scientific Facts and Social Ideals (Philosophy and Medicine #131)
by Natalie DelimataThis book explores the ethical dilemma clinicians may face when disclosing a diagnosis of atypical sex. The moment of disclosure reveals an epistemic incompatibility between scientific fact and social meaning in relation to sex. Attempting to assess the bio-psychosocial implications of this dilemma highlights a complex historic antagonism between fact and meaning making satisfactory resolution of this dilemma difficult. Drawing on David Hume, WVO Quine and Michel Foucault the author presents an integrative model, which views scientific fact and social meaning as codetermining threads in one fabric of knowledge. From this epistemic perspective, the ethical dilemma is understood as a tear in the fabric signifying a rupturing of ontological integrity. To mend this tear and resolve the ethical dilemma three metaphysical perspectives are considered: essentialism, naturalism and emergentism. The book’s unique features include: an exploration of the impact of diagnostic disclosure on people with atypical sex (intersex); a synthesis of the epistemic perspectives of social and natural science facilitating interdisciplinary collaboration; a critical evaluation of three metaphysical perspectives on atypical sex (intersex); the application of Hume’s epistemological and moral distinctions to contemporary biomedicine and bioethics. The book’s target audience includes academics, students and professionals whose work intersects the natural and social sciences, and individuals interested in the metaphysics, epistemology and meta-ethics of sex.
Articulating Reasons: An Introduction to Inferentialism
by Robert B. BrandomRobert B. Brandom is one of the most original philosophers of our day, whose book Making It Explicit covered and extended a vast range of topics in metaphysics, epistemology, and philosophy of language--the very core of analytic philosophy. This new work provides an approachable introduction to the complex system that Making It Explicit mapped out. A tour of the earlier book's large ideas and relevant details, Articulating Reasons offers an easy entry into two of the main themes of Brandom's work: the idea that the semantic content of a sentence is determined by the norms governing inferences to and from it, and the idea that the distinctive function of logical vocabulary is to let us make our tacit inferential commitments explicit. Brandom's work, making the move from representationalism to inferentialism, constitutes a near-Copernican shift in the philosophy of language--and the most important single development in the field in recent decades. Articulating Reasons puts this accomplishment within reach of nonphilosophers who want to understand the state of the foundations of semantics.
Articulating Reasons: An Introduction to Inferentialism
by Robert B. BrandomThis is a book about the use and content of concepts and an introduction to the author's inferentialist semantics and expressionist conception of logic and philosophy.
Articulating the World: Conceptual Understanding and the Scientific Image
by Joseph RouseNaturalism as a guiding philosophy for modern science both disavows any appeal to the supernatural or anything else transcendent to nature, and repudiates any philosophical or religious authority over the workings and conclusions of the sciences. A longstanding paradox within naturalism, however, has been the status of scientific knowledge itself, which seems, at first glance, to be something that transcends and is therefore impossible to conceptualize within scientific naturalism itself. In Articulating the World, Joseph Rouse argues that the most pressing challenge for advocates of naturalism today is precisely this: to understand how to make sense of a scientific conception of nature as itself part of nature, scientifically understood. Drawing upon recent developments in evolutionary biology and the philosophy of science, Rouse defends naturalism in response to this challenge by revising both how we understand our scientific conception of the world and how we situate ourselves within it.
Articulations of Nature and Politics in Plato and Hegel
by Vicky RoupaThis book examines nature as a foundational concept for political and constitutional theory, drawing on readings from Plato and Hegel to counter the view that optimal political arrangements are determined by nature. Focussing on the dialectical implications of the word ‘nature’, i.e. how it encompasses a range of meanings stretching up to the opposites of sensuousness and ideality, the book explores the various junctures at which nature and politics interlock in the philosophies of Plato and Hegel. Appearance and essence, inner life and public realm, the psychical and the political are all shown to be parts of a conflictual structure that requires both infinite proximity and irreducible distance. The book offers innovative interpretations of a number of key texts by Plato and Hegel to highlight the metaphysical and political implications of nature’s dialectical structure, and re-appraises their thinking of nature in a way that both respects and goes beyond their intentions.
Artifacts of Thinking: Reading Hannah Arendt's Denktagebuch
by Roger Berkowitz Ian StoreyArtifacts of Thinking: Reading Arendt’s “Denktagebuch” offers a path through Hannah Arendt’s recently published Denktagebuch, or “Book of Thoughts.” In this book a number of innovative Arendt scholars come together to ask how we should think about these remarkable writings in the context of Arendt’s published writing and broader political thinking. Unique in its form, the Denktagebuch offers brilliant insights into Arendt’s practice of thinking and writing. Artifacts of Thinking provides an introduction to the Denktagebuch as well as a glimpse of these fascinating but untranslated fragments that reveal not only Arendt’s understanding of “the life of the mind” but her true lived experience of it.
Artificial General Intelligence: 14th International Conference, AGI 2021, Palo Alto, CA, USA, October 15–18, 2021, Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #13154)
by Ben Goertzel Alexey Potapov Matthew IkléThis book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Artificial General Intelligence, AGI 2021, held as a hybrid event in San Francisco, CA, USA, in October 2021.The 36 full papers presented in this book were carefully reviewed and selected from 50 submissions. The papers cover topics from foundations of AGI, to AGI approaches and AGI ethics, to the roles of systems biology, goal generation, and learning systems, and so much more.
Artificial General Intelligence: 10th International Conference, AGI 2017, Melbourne, VIC, Australia, August 15-18, 2017, Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #10414)
by Tom Everitt, Ben Goertzel and Alexey PotapovThis book constitutes the proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Artificial General Intelligence, AGI 2017, held in Melbourne, VIC, Australia, in August 2017. The 24 regular papers presented in this book together with 1 short paper were carefully reviewed and selected from 35 submissions. They cover topics such as architectures; mathematical foundations; algorithms; safety; understanding; human cognition; and philosophy.
An Artificial History of Natural Intelligence: Thinking with Machines from Descartes to the Digital Age
by David W. BatesA new history of human intelligence that argues that humans know themselves by knowing their machines. We imagine that we are both in control of and controlled by our bodies—autonomous and yet automatic. This entanglement, according to David W. Bates, emerged in the seventeenth century when humans first built and compared themselves with machines. Reading varied thinkers from Descartes to Kant to Turing, Bates reveals how time and time again technological developments offered new ways to imagine how the body’s automaticity worked alongside the mind’s autonomy. Tracing these evolving lines of thought, An Artificial History of Natural Intelligence offers a new theorization of the human as a being that is dependent on technology and produces itself as an artificial automaton without a natural, outside origin.
Artificial Intelligence: An Introduction to the Big Ideas and their Development (Chapman & Hall/CRC Mathematics and Artificial Intelligence Series)
by Robert H. Chen Chelsea ChenArtificial Intelligence: An Introduction to Big Ideas and their Development, Second Edition guides readers through the history and development of artificial intelligence (AI), from its early mathematical beginnings through to the exciting possibilities of its potential future applications. To make this journey as accessible as possible, the authors build their narrative around accounts of some of the more popular and well-known demonstrations of artificial intelligence, including Deep Blue, AlphaGo and even Texas Hold’em, followed by their historical background, so that AI can be seen as a natural development of the mathematics and computer science of AI. As the book proceeds, more technical descriptions are presented at a pace that should be suitable for all levels of readers, gradually building a broad and reasonably deep understanding and appreciation for the basic mathematics, physics, and computer science that is rapidly developing artificial intelligence as it is today. Features Only mathematical prerequisite is an elementary knowledge of calculus. Accessible to anyone with an interest in AI and its mathematics and computer science. Suitable as a supplementary reading for a course in AI or the History of Mathematics and Computer Science in regard to artificial intelligence. New to the Second Edition Fully revised and corrected throughout to bring the material up-to-date. Greater technical detail and exploration of basic mathematical concepts, while retaining the simplicity of explanation of the first edition. Entirely new chapters on large language models (LLMs), ChatGPT, and quantum computing.
Artificial Intelligence: An Introduction for the Inquisitive Reader
by Robert H. Chen Chelsea C. ChenArtificial Intelligence: An Introduction for the Inquisitive Reader guides readers through the history and development of AI, from its early mathematical beginnings through to the exciting possibilities of its potential future applications. To make this journey as accessible as possible, the authors build their narrative around accounts of some of the more popular and well-known demonstrations of artificial intelligence including Deep Blue, AlphaGo and even Texas Hold’em, followed by their historical background, so that AI can be seen as a natural development of mathematics and computer science. As the book moves forward, more technical descriptions are presented at a pace that should be suitable for all levels of readers, gradually building a broad and reasonably deep understanding and appreciation for the basic mathematics, physics, and computer science that is rapidly developing artificial intelligence as it is today. Features Only mathematical prerequisite is an elementary knowledge of calculus Accessible to anyone with an interest in AI and its mathematics and computer science Suitable as a supplementary reading for a course in AI or the History of Mathematics and Computer Science in regard to artificial intelligence.
Artificial Intelligence: A Philosophical Introduction
by Jack CopelandPresupposing no familiarity with the technical concepts of either philosophy or computing, this clear introduction reviews the progress made in AI since the inception of the field in 1956. Copeland goes on to analyze what those working in AI must achieve before they can claim to have built a thinking machine and appraises their prospects of succeeding. There are clear introductions to connectionism and to the language of thought hypothesis which weave together material from philosophy, artificial intelligence and neuroscience. John Searle's attacks on AI and cognitive science are countered and close attention is given to foundational issues, including the nature of computation, Turing Machines, the Church-Turing Thesis and the difference between classical symbol processing and parallel distributed processing. The book also explores the possibility of machines having free will and consciousness and concludes with a discussion of in what sense the human brain may be a computer.
Artificial Intelligence: 17th Russian Conference, RCAI 2019, Ulyanovsk, Russia, October 21–25, 2019, Proceedings (Communications in Computer and Information Science #1093)
by Sergei O. Kuznetsov Aleksandr I. PanovThis book constitutes the proceedings of the 17th Russian Conference on Artificial Intelligence, RCAI 2019, held in Ulyanovsk, Russia, in October 2019. The 23 full papers presented along with 7 short papers in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 130 submissions. The conference deals with a wide range of topics, including multi-agent systems, intelligent robots and behaviour planning; automated reasoning and data mining; natural language processing and understanding of texts; fuzzy models and soft computing; intelligent systems and applications.
Artificial Intelligence
by David L. Poole Alan K. MackworthConstraint-based reasoning is an important area of automated reasoning in artificial intelligence, with many applications. These include configuration and design problems, planning and scheduling, temporal and spatial reasoning, defeasible and causal reasoning, machine vision and language understanding, qualitative and diagnostic reasoning, and expert systems. Constraint-Based Reasoning presents current work in the field at several levels: theory, algorithms, languages, applications, and hardware. Constraint-based reasoning has connections to a wide variety of fields, including formal logic, graph theory, relational databases, combinatorial algorithms, operations research, neural networks, truth maintenance, and logic programming. The ideal of describing a problem domain in natural, declarative terms and then letting general deductive mechanisms synthesize individual solutions has to some extent been realized, and even embodied, in programming languages. Contents :- Introduction, E. C. Freuder, A. K. Mackworth. - The Logic of Constraint Satisfaction, A. K. Mackworth. - Partial Constraint Satisfaction, E. C. Freuder, R. J. Wallace. - Constraint Reasoning Based on Interval Arithmetic: The Tolerance Propagation Approach, E. Hyvonen. - Constraint Satisfaction Using Constraint Logic Programming, P. Van Hentenryck, H. Simonis, M. Dincbas. - Minimizing Conflicts: A Heuristic Repair Method for Constraint Satisfaction and Scheduling Problems, S. Minton, M. D. Johnston, A. B. Philips, and P. Laird. - Arc Consistency: Parallelism and Domain Dependence, P. R. Cooper, M. J. Swain. - Structure Identification in Relational Data, R. Dechter, J. Pearl. - Learning to Improve Constraint-Based Scheduling, M. Zweben, E. Davis, B. Daun, E. Drascher, M. Deale, M. Eskey. - Reasoning about Qualitative Temporal Information, P. van Beek. - A Geometric Constraint Engine, G. A. Kramer. - A Theory of Conflict Resolution in Planning, Q. Yang. A Bradford Book.
Artificial Intelligence: Evolution, Ethics and Public Policy
by Saswat Sarangi Pankaj SharmaWhat will the future be? A dystopian landscape controlled by machines or a brave new world full of possibilities? Perhaps the answer lies with Artificial Intelligence (AI)—a phenomenon much beyond technology that has, continues to, and will shape lives in ways we do not understand yet. This book traces the evolution of AI in contemporary history. It analyses how AI is primarily being driven by "capital" as the only "factor of production" and its consequences for the global political economy. It further explores the dystopian prospect of mass unemployment by AI and takes up the ethical aspects of AI and its possible use in undermining natural and fundamental rights. A tract for the times, this volume will be a major intervention in an area that is heavily debated but rarely understood. It will be essential reading for researchers and students of digital humanities, politics, economics, science and technology studies, physics, and computer science. It will also be key reading for policy makers, cyber experts and bureaucrats.
Artificial Intelligence: The Basics (The Basics)
by Kevin Warwick'if AI is outside your field, or you know something of the subject and would like to know more then Artificial Intelligence: The Basics is a brilliant primer.' - Nick Smith, Engineering and Technology Magazine November 2011 Artificial Intelligence: The Basics is a concise and cutting-edge introduction to the fast moving world of AI. The author Kevin Warwick, a pioneer in the field, examines issues of what it means to be man or machine and looks at advances in robotics which have blurred the boundaries. Topics covered include: how intelligence can be defined whether machines can 'think' sensory input in machine systems the nature of consciousness the controversial culturing of human neurons. Exploring issues at the heart of the subject, this book is suitable for anyone interested in AI, and provides an illuminating and accessible introduction to this fascinating subject.
Artificial Intelligence and Bioethics (SpringerBriefs in Ethics)
by Perihan Elif Ekmekci Berna ArdaThis book explores major bioethical issues emerging from the development and use of artificial intelligence in medical settings. The authors start by defining the past, present and future of artificial intelligence in medical settings and then proceed to address the resulting common and specific bioethical inquiries. The book discusses bioethical inquiries in two separate sets. The first set is comprised of ontological discussions mainly focusing on personhood and being an ethical agent of an artefact. The second set discusses bioethical issues resulting from the use of artificial intelligence. It focuses particularly on the area of artificial intelligence use in medicine and health services. It addresses the main challenges by considering fundamental principles of medical ethics, including confidentiality, privacy, compassion, veracity and fidelity. Finally, the authors discuss the ethical implications of involvement of artificial intelligence agents in patient care by expanding on communication skills in a case-based approach. The book is of great interest to ethicists, medical professionals, academicians, engineers and scientists working with artificial intelligence.
Artificial Intelligence and Healthcare: The Impact of Algorithmic Bias on Health Disparities (The International Library of Bioethics #107)
by Natasha H. WilliamsThis book explores the ethical problems of algorithmic bias and its potential impact on populations that experience health disparities by examining the historical underpinnings of explicit and implicit bias, the influence of the social determinants of health, and the inclusion of racial and ethnic minorities in data. Over the last twenty-five years, the diagnosis and treatment of disease have advanced at breakneck speeds. Currently, we have technologies that have revolutionized the practice of medicine, such as telemedicine, precision medicine, big data, and AI. These technologies, especially AI, promise to improve the quality of patient care, lower health care costs, improve patient treatment outcomes, and decrease patient mortality. AI may also be a tool that reduces health disparities; however, algorithmic bias may impede its success. This book explores the risks of using AI in the context of health disparities. It is of interest to health services researchers, ethicists, policy analysts, social scientists, health disparities researchers, and AI policy makers.
Artificial Intelligence and Symbolic Computation: 13th International Conference, AISC 2018, Suzhou, China, September 16–19, 2018, Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #11110)
by Jacques Fleuriot Dongming Wang Jacques CalmetThis book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Symbolic Computation, AISC 2018, held in Suzhou, China, in September 2018. The 13 full papers presented together with 5 short and 2 invited papers were carefully reviewed and selected from 31 submissions. The AISC conference is an important forum when it comes to ensuring that ideas, theoretical insights, methods and results from traditional AI can be discussed and showcased, while fostering new links with other areas of AI such as probabilistic reasoning and deep learning.
Artificial Intelligence and the Law
by Tshilidzi Marwala Letlhokwa George MpediThis textbook offers a starting point for the education of attorneys and other legal professionals about the potential impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on the law, as well as a forum for discussing artificial intelligence's legal and ethical concerns. Intended for classroom use, this book will help students, legal professionals and policymakers alike. AI is swiftly transforming the world, including the legal system. Legal applications to areas such as ethics, human rights, climate change, labor law, health, social protection, inequality, lethal autonomous weapons, the criminal justice system and autonomous vehicles, contract drafting, legal investigation, criminal analysis and evidence investigation, utilize AI. As AI becomes more sophisticated, its impact on the law will likely increase.
Artificial Intelligence and the New World Order: New weapons, New Wars and a New Balance of Power (Frontiers of Artificial Intelligence, Ethics and Multidisciplinary Applications)
by Fatima RoumateThis book discusses the implications of artificial intelligence (AI) on post-COVID-19 international relations. With the decline and fall of U.S. global leadership and the emergence of new powerful actors, as hastened by the global pandemic, new arms are now used in new forms of wars with new players. The balance of power swings between geostrategic interests and those linked to the global governance of virtual space and the race to technological sovereignty. Chapters focus on the challenges imposed by these changes on different parts of the international system—law, governance, diplomacy, international psychological security—and articulate new strategies and ethical policies as possible solutions. The volume is interdisciplinary and will appeal to researchers, students, and professionals across fields interested in the ethics of AI in the international system.
Artificial Intelligence Applications and Innovations: 15th IFIP WG 12.5 International Conference, AIAI 2019, Hersonissos, Crete, Greece, May 24–26, 2019, Proceedings (IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology #559)
by John MacIntyre Ilias Maglogiannis Lazaros Iliadis Elias PimenidisThis book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 15th IFIP WG 12.5 International Conference on Artificial Intelligence Applications and Innovations, AIAI 2019, held in Hersonissos, Crete, Greece, in May 2019.The 49 full papers and 6 short papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 101 submissions. They cover a broad range of topics such as deep learning ANN; genetic algorithms - optimization; constraints modeling; ANN training algorithms; social media intelligent modeling; text mining/machine translation; fuzzy modeling; biomedical and bioinformatics algorithms and systems; feature selection; emotion recognition; hybrid Intelligent models; classification - pattern recognition; intelligent security modeling; complex stochastic games; unsupervised machine learning; ANN in industry; intelligent clustering; convolutional and recurrent ANN; recommender systems; intelligent telecommunications modeling; and intelligent hybrid systems using Internet of Things. The papers are organized in the following topical sections:AI anomaly detection - active learning; autonomous vehicles - aerial vehicles; biomedical AI; classification - clustering; constraint programming - brain inspired modeling; deep learning - convolutional ANN; fuzzy modeling; learning automata - logic based reasoning; machine learning - natural language; multi agent - IoT; nature inspired flight and robot; control - machine vision; and recommendation systems.