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Moral Tribes
by Joshua GreeneOur brains were designed for tribal life, for getting along with a select group of others (Us), and for fighting off everyone else (Them). But modern life has thrust the world's tribes into a shared space, creating conflicts of interest and clashes of values, along with unprecedented opportunities. As the world shrinks, the moral lines that divide us become more salient and more puzzling. We fight over everything from tax codes to gay marriage to global warming, and we wonder where, if at all, we can find our common ground. . . A grand synthesis of neuroscience, psychology, and philosophy, 'Moral Tribes' reveals the underlying causes of modern conflict and lights a way forward. Our emotions make us social animals, turning Me into Us. But they also make us tribal animals, turning Us against Them. Our tribal emotions make us fight, sometimes with bombs, sometimes with words, and often with life-and-death stakes. Drawing inspiration from moral philosophy and cutting-edge science, 'Moral Tribes' shows when we should trust our instincts, when we should reason, and how the right kind of reasoning can move us forward. . . Joshua Greene is the director of Harvard University's Moral Cognition Lab, a pioneering scientist, a philosopher, and an acclaimed teacher. The great challenge of 'Moral Tribes' is this: How can we get along with Them when what they want feels so wrong? Finally, Greene offers a surprisingly simple set of maxims for navigating the modern moral terrain, a practical road map for solving problems and living better lives.
Moral Tribes
by Joshua GreeneThe Boston Globe"Surprising and remarkable... Toggling between big ideas, technical details, and his personal intellectual journey, Greene writes a thesis suitable to both airplane reading and PhD seminars."Our brains were designed for tribal life, for getting along with a select group of others (Us) and for fighting off everyone else (Them). But modern times have forced the world's tribes into a shared space, resulting in epic clashes of values along with unprecedented opportunities. As the world shrinks, the moral lines that divide us become more salient and more puzzling. We fight over everything from tax codes to gay marriage to global warming, and we wonder where, if at all, we can find our common ground.A grand synthesis of neuroscience, psychology, and philosophy, Moral Tribes reveals the underlying causes of modern conflict and lights the way forward. Greene compares the human brain to a dual-mode camera, with point-and-shoot automatic settings ("portrait," "landscape") as well as a manual mode. Our point-and-shoot settings are our emotions--efficient, automated programs honed by evolution, culture, and personal experience. The brain's manual mode is its capacity for deliberate reasoning, which makes our thinking flexible. Point-and-shoot emotions make us social animals, turning Me into Us. But they also make us tribal animals, turning Us against Them. Our tribal emotions make us fight--sometimes with bombs, sometimes with words--often with life-and-death stakes.An award-winning teacher and scientist, Greene directs Harvard University's Moral Cognition Lab, which uses cutting-edge neuroscience and cognitive techniques to understand how people really make moral decisions. Combining insights from the lab with lessons from decades of social science and centuries of philosophy, the great question of Moral Tribes is this: How can we get along with Them when what they want feels so wrong to Us?Ultimately, Greene offers a set of maxims for navigating the modern moral terrain, a practical road map for solving problems and living better lives. Moral Tribes shows us when to trust our instincts, when to reason, and how the right kind of reasoning can move us forward.A major achievement from a rising star in a new scientific field, Moral Tribes will refashion your deepest beliefs about how moral thinking works and how it can work better.
Moral Understandings: A Feminist Study In Ethics
by Margaret Urban WalkerThis is a revised edition of Walker's well-known book in feminist ethics first published in 1997. Walker's book proposes a view of morality and an approach to ethical theory which uses the critical insights of feminism and race theory to rethink the epistemological and moral position of the ethical theorist, and how moral theory is inescapably shaped by culture and history. The main gist of her book is that morality is embodied in "practices of responsibility" that express our identities, values, and connections to others in socially patterned ways. Thus ethical theory needs to be empirically informed and politically critical to avoid reiterating forms of socially entrenched bias. Responsible ethical theory should reveal and question the moral significance of social differences. The book engages with, and challenges, the work of contemporary analytic philosophers in ethics.
Moral Universalism and Pluralism: NOMOS XLIX (NOMOS - American Society for Political and Legal Philosophy #9)
by Melissa S. WilliamsMoral universalism, or the idea that some system of ethics applies to all people regardless of race, color, nationality, religion, or culture, must have a plurality over which to range—a plurality of diverse persons, nations, jurisdictions, or localities over which morality asserts a universal authority. The contributors to Moral Universalism and Pluralism, the latest volume in the NOMOS series, investigate the idea that, far from denying the existence of such pluralities, moral universalism presupposes it. At the same time, the search for universally valid principles of morality is deeply challenged by diversity. The fact of pluralism presses us to explore how universalist principles interact with ethical, political, and social particularisms. These important essays refuse the answer that particularisms should simply be made to conform to universal principles, as if morality were a mold into which the diverse matter of human society and culture could be pressed. Rather, the authors bring philosophical, legal and political perspectives to bear on the core questions: Which forms of pluralism are conceptually compatible with moral universalism, and which ones can be accommodated in a politically stable way? Can pluralism generate innovations in understandings of moral duty? How is convergence on the validity of legal and moral authority possible in circumstances of pluralism? As the contributors to the book demonstrate in a wide variety of ways, these normative, conceptual, and political questions deeply intertwine.Contributors: Kenneth Baynes, William A. Galston, Barbara Herman, F. M. Kamm, Benedict Kingsbury, Frank I. Michelman, William E. Scheuerman, Gopal Sreenivasan, Daniel Weinstock, and Robin West.
Moral Value and Human Diversity
by Robert AudiAre there ethical standards that deserve everyone's allegiance? Can judgments of value transcend taste and cultural preference? Moral Value and Human Diversity offers a brief but highly comprehensive introduction to ethics and value theory that argues for positive answers in a pluralistic framework.
Moral Values (Ethics Ser.)
by Nicolai HartmannNicolai Hartmann (1882-1950), along with Henri Bergson and Martin Heidegger, was instrumental in restoring metaphysics to the study of philosophy. Unlike his contemporaries, however, Hartmann was clearly influenced by Plato. His tour-de-force, Ethik, published in English in 1932 as Ethics, may be the most outstanding work on moral philosophy produced in the twentieth century.In the first part of Ethics (Moral Phenomena), Hartmann was concerned with the structure of ethical phenomena, and criticized utilitarianism, Kantianism, and relativism as misleading approaches. In the second part, Moral Values, the author describes all values as forming a complex and as yet imperfectly known system. The actualization of the non-moral and elementary moral values is a necessary condition for the actualization of the higher values. It is on this account that rudimentary values have a prior claim.Hartmann outlines the main features of the chief virtues, and shows that the moral disposition required in any exigency is always a specific synthesis of various and often conflicting values. Specifically describing fundamental moral values-such as goodness, nobility, and vitality-and special moral values-such as justice, wisdom, courage, self-control, trustworthiness, and modesty-Hartmann takes theoretical philosophy and brings it very much into the realm of the practical.A compelling and insightful volume, Moral Values remains an essential contribution to the moral and ethical literature of the twentieth century. Hartmann offers a self-contained system of ethics that yet offers a conservative outlook on social life.
Moral Values in the Ancient World (Routledge Library Editions: Ancient Philosophy)
by John FergusonThis book studies the pilgrimage of the Ancient World in its search for moral truth. After a brief examination of the values which dominated Homeric society and the subsequent aristocracies, the central portion of the book is an account and analysis of the moral ideas which illuminated the Greek, Roman and Hebrew worlds during the classical period. The volume discusses the cardinal virtues, the place of friendship, Plato’s love, philanthropia and the moral insights of the Jewish prophets and subsequently examines Christian love.
Moral Values in the Ancient World (Routledge Library Editions: Ancient Philosophy)
by John FergusonThis book studies the pilgrimage of the Ancient World in its search for moral truth. After a brief examination of the values which dominated Homeric society and the subsequent aristocracies, the central portion of the book is an account and analysis of the moral ideas which illuminated the Greek, Roman and Hebrew worlds during the classical period. The volume discusses the cardinal virtues, the place of friendship, Plato’s love, philanthropia and the moral insights of the Jewish prophets and subsequently examines Christian love.
Moral Writings
by H. A. Prichard Jim MacAdamThis is the definitive collection of the ethical work of the great Oxford moral philosopher H. A. Prichard (1871-1947). Prichard is famous for his ethical intuitionism: he argued that moral obligation cannot be reduced to anything else, but is perceived by direct intuition. The essays previously included in the posthumous collection Moral Obligation are now augmented by a selection of previously unpublished writings from Prichard's manuscripts, allowing for the first time a full view of his distinctive contribution to moral philosophy, at just the time when intuitionism is enjoying a revival of interest.
Moral and Intellectual Virtues in Practices: Through the Eyes of Scientists and Musicians
by Darcia Narvaez Mark Graves Timothy Reilly Keke Kaikhosroshvili Stefanie Israel de SouzaThis book provides an integrative interdisciplinary view of how intellectual and moral virtues are understood in two separate practices, science and music. The authors engage with philosophical and psychological accounts of virtue to understand scientists’ and musicians’ understandings of intellectual and moral virtues. They present empirical evidence substantiating the MacIntyrean claim that traditions and practices are central to understanding the virtues."
Moral and Intellectual Virtues in Western and Chinese Philosophy: The Turn toward Virtue
by Ernest Sosa Michael Slote Chienkuo MiThis is the first book to bring together Western and Chinese perspectives on both moral and intellectual virtues. Editors Chienkuo Mi, Michael Slote, and Ernest Sosa have assembled some of the world’s leading epistemologists and ethicists—located in the U.S., Europe, and Asia—to explore in a global context what they are calling, "the virtue turn." The 15 chapters have never been published previously and by covering topics that bridge epistemology and moral philosophy suggest a widespread philosophical turn away from Kantian and Utilitarian issues and towards character- and agent-based concerns. A goal of this volume is to show students and researchers alike that the (re-)turn toward virtue underway in the Western tradition is being followed by a similar (re-)turn toward virtue in Chinese philosophy.
Moral and Political Discourses in Philosophy of Education
by Prakash Iyer Indrani BhattacharjeeThis book focuses on moral and political education and critically engages with educational issues from a philosophical perspective. It engages with questions of moral education as well as questions about citizenship education, to address apprehensions on learning in a liberal democracy while parallelly invoking issues from within the curriculum, the school environment and teacher-student relationship. With contributions from renowned philosophers and educationists, this volume discusses themes like civic education and liberal democracy; toleration and freedom; Tagore’s conception of the moral and political self; key issues in moral education; cosmopolitanism, compassion, care ethics and moral purpose of schooling; to revisit and rethink some foundational questions related to education, curriculum and pedagogy. This volume will be essential reading for educationists and educators and will be important for scholars and researchers of philosophy of education, education, teacher education and school education.
Moral and Political Philosophy
by David HumeA Collection of essays from famous Scottish philosopher David Hume, one of the most prominent figures of the Scottish Enlightenment and a close friend of Adam Smith. Hume's contributions to economics are found mostly in his Political Discourses (1752), which were later incorporated into his Essays (1758).
Moral and Spiritual Leadership in an Age of Plural Moralities (Studies in World Christianity and Interreligious Relations)
by Ina Ter Avest Hans AlmaIn crisis situations, such as terror attacks or societal tensions caused by migration, people tend to look for explicit moral and spiritual leadership and are often inclined to vote for so-called 'strong leaders'. Is there a way to resist the temptation of the simplistic solutions that these ‘strong leader’ offer, and instead encourage constructive engagement with the complex demands of our times? This volume utilises relational and dialogical perspectives to examine and address many of the issues surrounding the moral and spiritual guidance articulated in globalizing Western societies. The essays in this collection focus on the concept of plural moralities, understood as divergent visions on what is a 'good life', both in an ethical, aesthetical, existential, and spiritual sense. They explore the political-cultural context and consequences of plural moralities as well as discussing challenges, possibilities, risks, and dangers from the perspective of two promising relational theories: social constructionism and dialogical self theory. The overarching argument is that it is possible to constructively put in nuanced moral and spiritual guidance into complex, plural societies. By choosing a clear theoretical focus on relational approaches to societal challenges, this interdisciplinary book provides both a broad scope and a coherent argument. It will be of great interest to scholars of social and political psychology, leadership and organization, religious studies, and pedagogy.
Moral – Menschenrechte – Demokratie
by Nina Brück Sascha Benedetti Nils Köbel Olga Rollmann Anna KirchnerDer Band konzentriert und fokussiert die Leitbegriffe Moral, Menschenrechte und Demokratie. Wie diese miteinander verwobenen sind und was sie zu gesellschaftlich und erziehungswissenschaftlich relevanten Kernthemen macht, wird in den Beiträgen zu den Themen Moral, Menschenrechte und Menschenwürdeverletzungen, Demokratiebildung sowie Partizipation analysiert und diskutiert.Eben diese thematische Breite und interdisziplinäre Ausrichtung zeichnet das Arbeiten und Forschen des Erziehungswissenschaftlers Professor Dr. Stefan Weyers aus, dessen wissenschaftliches Werk mit dieser Publikation gewürdigt wird.
Moralische Kollektive: Theoretische Grundlagen und empirische Einsichten (Wissen, Kommunikation und Gesellschaft)
by Stefan Joller Marija StanisavljevicOb Terroranschläge, Flüchtlings- oder Finanzkrisen – die Herausforderungen der globalisierten Moderne legen jene Bereiche frei, die Durkheim als anomisch bezeichnete und deren Bearbeitung nach wie vor die zentrale Stellung moralischer Kommunikation verdeutlicht. Einiges spricht dafür, dass die fortschreitende funktionale Differenzierung die Moral nicht erodieren lässt, sondern durch die zunehmende kommunikative Vernetzung geradezu eine Remoralisierung der Gesellschaft befördert. Überall dort, wo Missstände zu Tage treten und nicht abzusehen ist, wie diese im modus operandi befriedigend gelöst werden könnten, gibt die Moral ein verheißungsvolles Instrument zur Hand, das in Gestalt moralischer Kollektive den Alltag zu durchdringen und die Gesellschaft zu formen vermag. Der Sammelband widmet sich in diesem Sinne einer sowohl theoretischen wie auch empirischen Analyse der Moral, die als genuin soziale Größe über moralische Kollektive Form annimmt.
Moralische Spiele auf YouTube: Die Darstellung ethischer Computerspiele im Let’s Play und ihre Diskussion in den Userkommentaren (Digitale Kultur und Kommunikation #10)
by Sebastian FischerModerne Computerspiele erschaffen komplexe Welten, in denen sich Spielende nicht selten gezwungen sehen, kontrovers zu handeln oder schwierige moralische Entscheidungen zu treffen. Aber Spiele werden heute nicht mehr nur aktiv rezipiert. Insbesondere auf YouTube schauen Millionen Menschen täglich Videos von ‚Let’s-Playern‘, die ihre eigenen Spielerlebnisse aufzeichnen und live kommentieren. Dabei erschließen die Videoproduzenten*innen das ethische Potential der gezeigten Spiele, indem sie deren Möglichkeitsräume erkunden und ihre subjektiven Empfindungen und Entscheidungsprozesse verbalisieren. Die Rezipient*innen greifen die Inhalte der Videos wiederum auf und diskutieren darüber in den Userkommentaren. Auf diese Weise vollzieht sich eine massenhafte Distribution und Diskussion von moralischen Ideen, die weit über den virtuellen Raum YouTubes hinaus wirkt. Sebastian Fischer beschreibt dieses Phänomen ‚moralischer Let’s-Plays‘, indem er die Darstellung einiger der populärsten ethischen Computerspiele der vergangenen Jahre analysiert. Die Arbeit liefert nicht nur eine erste Deskription dieses bislang unerforschten Themas, sondern leitet auch Schlussfolgerungen ab, die sich auf den allgemeinen Prozess moralischen Spielens übertragen lassen.
Moralism: A Study of a Vice
by Craig TaylorMoralism involves the distortion of moral thought, the distortion of reflection and judgement. It is a vice, and one to which many - from the philosopher to the media pundit to the politician - are highly susceptible. This book examines the nature of moralism in specific moral judgements and the ways in which moral philosophy and theories about morality can themselves become skewed by this vice. This book ranges across a wide range of topics: the problem of the demandingness of morality; the conflict between moral and other values; the contrast between the practice of moral philosophy and other modes of moral thought or reflection; moralism in the media; and, moralism in the public discussion of literature and art. This highly original and provocative book will be of interest to students of philosophy, psychology, theology and media, and to anyone who takes a serious interest in contemporary morality.
Moralistics and Psychomoralistics: A Unified Cognitive Science of Moral Intuition (Routledge Focus on Philosophy)
by Graham WoodThis book brings together three distinct research programs in moral psychology – Moral Foundations Theory, Cognitive Adaptations for Social Exchange and the Linguistic Analogy in Moral Psychology – and shows that they can be combined to create a unified cognitive science of moral intuition. The book assumes evolution has furnished the human mind with two types of judgement: intuitive and deliberative. Focusing on moral intuitions (understood as moral judgments that were not arrived at via a process of conscious deliberation), the book explores the origins of these intuitions, examines how they are produced, and explains why the moral intuitions of different humans differ. Providing a unique synthesis of three separate established fields, this book presents a new research program that will further our understanding of the various different intuitive moral judgements at the heart of some of the moral tensions within human society.
Morality
by James P. SterbaThis collection of essays examines what morality requires of us and why we should even be moral. They are organized around Sterba's opening essay, which attempts to answer these questions by first of all arguing that we must be moral because we are rationally compelled, but by also advancing a number of positions from a libertarian perspective about egotism and altruism, negative liberty, welfare and equality. Each of essays not written by Sterba critiques a facet of his argument. They focus mostly on the rational underpinning of morality; moral skepticism; egotism, altruism and social cooperation; and how libertarianism does not lead to welfare and equality. Sterba responds to these critiques in a final essay. The other authors are professors of philosophy with specialties in moral thinking. Annotation ©2012 Book News, Inc. , Portland, OR (booknews. com)
Morality
by James P. SterbaThis book invites philosophers and their students to consider two of the most fundamental questions in moral and political philosophy: Why be moral? And, what does morality require? Distinguished philosopher James P. Sterba presents his unique views on these topics. Sterba first argues from rationality to morality and then from morality to substantial equality. Prominent scholars Charles W. Mills, Candace A. Vogler, Anita Superson, Russ Shafer-Landau, Allan F. Gibbard, Gerald Gaus, and Tibor Machan provide thought-provoking critical responses. In the final part, Sterba addresses these critiques, inviting readers to explore the various arguments and reach their own conclusions on these fundamental questions of moral and political philosophy. Morality: The Why and What of It is an essential text for all students and scholars of ethics and political philosophy.
Morality
by James P. SterbaThis book invites philosophers and their students to consider two of the most fundamental questions in moral and political philosophy: Why be moral? And, what does morality require? Distinguished philosopher James P. Sterba presents his unique views on these topics. Sterba first argues from rationality to morality and then from morality to substantial equality. Prominent scholars Charles W. Mills, Candace A. Vogler, Anita Superson, Russ Shafer-Landau, Allan F. Gibbard, Gerald Gaus, and Tibor Machan provide thought-provoking critical responses. In the final part, Sterba addresses these critiques, inviting readers to explore the various arguments and reach their own conclusions on these fundamental questions of moral and political philosophy. Morality: The Why and What of It is an essential text for all students and scholars of ethics and political philosophy.
Morality & Belief for Higher RMPS
by Joe WalkerThe only resource for RMPS at CFE Higher level, by a bestselling author and expert in the field.Joe Walker's new full colour book provides comprehensive coverage of the newly designed CFE Higher in Religious, Moral and Philosophical Studies, but is also ideal for students across Scotland studying key topic areas in Morality and Belief as part of the broad general education and the senior phase of RME. The book:Offers lively, accessible and engaging style with appropriate humour that reflects real-life situations and moral issuesHighlights the importance of dealing with varieties of belief within religious traditionsDeals with up-to-date contemporary and topical issues in a highly practical manner
Morality & Purpose Vol 9
by J. L. StocksFirst published in 2003. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.
Morality Management and Situation Ethics: Metatheory and Practice (Routledge Studies in Business Ethics)
by Jan Franciszek JackoThis book presents the philosophical assumptions of situation ethics to show the practice of morality management that follows from them. This research comprises theoretical and applied aspects: It is an investigation into metaethics that encompasses strategic and quality management problems. With the example of situation ethics, the book illustrates the role of philosophical investigations and solutions in management theory and practice. It will be of interest to researchers, academics and advanced students in the fields of business and management studies, ethics, quality management and philosophy. Furthermore, this book may be useful for senior executives and politicians charged with negotiating complicated moral quandaries and overseeing the implementation of ethical policies in their organisations and communities.