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Artificial Intelligence for a Better Future: An Ecosystem Perspective on the Ethics of AI and Emerging Digital Technologies (SpringerBriefs in Research and Innovation Governance)
by Bernd Carsten StahlThis open access book proposes a novel approach to Artificial Intelligence (AI) ethics. AI offers many advantages: better and faster medical diagnoses, improved business processes and efficiency, and the automation of boring work. But undesirable and ethically problematic consequences are possible too: biases and discrimination, breaches of privacy and security, and societal distortions such as unemployment, economic exploitation and weakened democratic processes. There is even a prospect, ultimately, of super-intelligent machines replacing humans. The key question, then, is: how can we benefit from AI while addressing its ethical problems?This book presents an innovative answer to the question by presenting a different perspective on AI and its ethical consequences. Instead of looking at individual AI techniques, applications or ethical issues, we can understand AI as a system of ecosystems, consisting of numerous interdependent technologies, applications and stakeholders. Developing this idea, the book explores how AI ecosystems can be shaped to foster human flourishing. Drawing on rich empirical insights and detailed conceptual analysis, it suggests practical measures to ensure that AI is used to make the world a better place.
Artificial Intelligence Governance and the Blockchain Revolution (Artificial Intelligence and the Rule of Law)
by Qiqi Gao Jiteng ZhangThis is the first professional academic work in China to discuss artificial intelligence and blockchain together. Artificial intelligence is a productivity revolution, and its development has a significant and profound impact on global changes. However, at the same time, its development also brings a series of challenges to human society, such as privacy, security, and fairness issues. Therefore, the significance of blockchain is even more prominent. Blockchain is a revolution in production relations, which will propose important solutions to the challenges of privacy, security, and fairness that arise after the development of artificial intelligence. The book not only discusses the problems currently faced by the development of artificial intelligence, as well as the new opportunities and challenges that artificial intelligence brings to future global governance, but also explains the further development direction of the intelligent revolution from the perspective of blockchain.
Artificial Intelligence in Brain and Mental Health: Philosophical, Ethical & Policy Issues (Advances in Neuroethics)
by Fabrice Jotterand Marcello IencaThis volume provides an interdisciplinary collection of essays from leaders in various fields addressing the current and future challenges arising from the implementation of AI in brain and mental health. Artificial Intelligence (AI) has the potential to transform health care and improve biomedical research. While the potential of AI in brain and mental health is tremendous, its ethical, regulatory and social impacts have not been assessed in a comprehensive and systemic way. The volume is structured according to three main sections, each of them focusing on different types of AI technologies. Part 1, Big Data and Automated Learning: Scientific and Ethical Considerations, specifically addresses issues arising from the use of AI software, especially machine learning, in the clinical context or for therapeutic applications. Part 2, AI for Digital Mental Health and Assistive Robotics: Philosophical and Regulatory Challenges, examines philosophical, ethical and regulatory issues arising from the use of an array of technologies beyond the clinical context. In the final section of the volume, Part 3 entitled AI in Neuroscience and Neurotechnology: Ethical, Social and Policy Issues, contributions examine some of the implications of AI in neuroscience and neurotechnology and the regulatory gaps or ambiguities that could potentially hamper the responsible development and implementation of AI solutions in brain and mental health. In light of its comprehensiveness and multi-disciplinary character, this book marks an important milestone in the public understanding of the ethics of AI in brain and mental health and provides a useful resource for any future investigation in this crucial and rapidly evolving area of AI application. The book is of interest to a wide audience in neuroethics, robotics, computer science, neuroscience, psychiatry and mental health.
Artificial Intelligence in Cyber Security: Security Challenges, Technical and Ethical Issues, Forensic Investigative Challenges (Advanced Sciences and Technologies for Security Applications)
by Reza Montasari Hamid JahankhaniThe book provides a valuable reference for cyber security experts, digital forensic practitioners and network security professionals. In recent years, AI has gained substantial attention from researchers in both academia and industry, and as a result AI’s capabilities are constantly increasing at an extraordinary pace. AI is considered to be the Fourth Industrial Revolution or at least the next significant technological change after the evolution in mobile and cloud computing technologies. AI is a vehicle for improving the quality of our lives across every spectrum with a broad range of beneficial applications in various sectors. Notwithstanding its numerous beneficial use, AI simultaneously poses numerous legal, ethical, security and privacy challenges that are compounded by its malicious use by criminals. These challenges pose many risks to both our privacy and security at national, organisational and individual levels.In view of this, this book aims to help address some of these challenges focusing on the implication, impact and mitigations of the stated issues. The book provides a comprehensive coverage of not only the technical and ethical issues presented by the use of AI but also the adversarial application of AI and its associated implications. The authors recommend a number of novel approaches to assist in better detecting, thwarting and addressing AI challenges. The book also looks ahead and forecasts what attacks can be carried out in the future through the malicious use of the AI if sufficient defences are not implemented. The research contained in the book fits well into the larger body of work on various aspects of AI and cyber security.It is also aimed at researchers seeking to obtain a more profound knowledge of machine learning and deep learning in the context of cyber security, digital forensics and cybercrime. Furthermore, the book is an exceptional advanced text for Ph.D. and master’s degree programmes in cyber security, digital forensics, network security, cyber terrorism and computer science. Each chapter contributed to the book is written by an internationally renowned expert who has extensive experience in law enforcement, industry or academia. Furthermore, this book blends advanced research findings with practice-based methods to provide the reader with advanced understanding and relevant skills.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine: 16th Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, AIME 2017, Vienna, Austria, June 21-24, 2017, Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #10259)
by Annette ten Teije, Christian Popow, John H. Holmes and Lucia SacchiThis book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 16th Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, AIME 2017, held in Vienna, Austria, in June 2017.The 21 revised full and 23 short papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 113 submissions. The papers are organized in the following topical sections: ontologies and knowledge representation; Bayesian methods; temporal methods; natural language processing; health care processes; and machine learning, and a section with demo papers.
Artificial Intelligence in the Capitalist University: Academic Labour, Commodification, and Value (Routledge Studies in Education, Neoliberalism, and Marxism)
by John PrestonUsing Marxist critique, this book explores manifestations of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Higher Education and demonstrates how it contributes to the functioning and existence of the capitalist university. Challenging the idea that AI is a break from previous capitalist technologies, the book offers nuanced examination of the impacts of AI on the control and regulation of academic work and labour, on digital learning and remote teaching, and on the value of learning and knowledge. Applying a Marxist perspective, Preston argues that commodity fetishism, surveillance, and increasing productivity ushered in by the growth of AI, further alienates and exploits academic labour and commodifies learning and research. The text puts forward a solid theoretical framework and methodology for thinking about AI to inform critical and revolutionary pedagogies. Offering an impactful and timely analysis, this book provides a critical engagement and application of key Marxist concepts in the study of AI’s role in Higher Education. It will be of interest to those working or researching in Higher Education.
Artificial Intelligence Logic and Applications: The 2nd International Conference, AILA 2022, Shanghai, China, August 26–28, 2022, Proceedings (Communications in Computer and Information Science #1657)
by Songmao Zhang Yixiang ChenThis book constitutes refereed proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Artificial Intelligence Logic and Applications 2022 held in Shanghai, China from August 26–28, 2022.The 20 full papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from a total of 27 submissions. The papers in the volume are organised according to the following topical headings: program logic; fuzzy logic; applications; author index.
Artificial Intelligence Logic and Applications: The 3rd International Conference, AILA 2023, Changchun, China, August 5–6, 2023, Proceedings (Communications in Computer and Information Science #1917)
by Songmao Zhang Yonggang ZhangThis book constitutes the proceedings of the Third International Conference, AILA 2023, held in Changchun, China, during August 5–6, 2023. The 26 full papers and the 10 short papers included in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 56 submissions. This volume aims to provide novel ideas, original research achievements, and practical experiences in a broad range of artificial intelligence logic and applications.
Artificial Intelligence Versus Natural Intelligence
by Roger Penrose Emanuele Severino Fabio Scardigli Ines Testoni Giuseppe Vitiello Giacomo Mauro D'Ariano Federico FagginThis book centers around a dialogue between Roger Penrose and Emanuele Severino about one of most intriguing topics of our times, the comparison of artificial intelligence and natural intelligence, as well as its extension to the notions of human and machine consciousness.Additional insightful essays by Mauro D'Ariano, Federico Faggin, Ines Testoni, Giuseppe Vitiello and an introduction of Fabio Scardigli complete the book and illuminate different aspects of the debate. Although from completely different points of view, all the authors seem to converge on the idea that it is almost impossible to have real "intelligence" without a form of "consciousness". In fact, consciousness, often conceived as an enigmatic "mirror" of reality (but is it really a mirror?), is a phenomenon under intense investigation by science and technology, particularly in recent decades. Where does this phenomenon originate from (in humans, and perhaps also in animals)? Is it reproducible on some "device"? Do we have a theory of consciousness today? Will we arrive to build thinking or conscious machines, as machine learning, or cognitive computing, seem to promise? These questions and other related issues are discussed in the pages of this work, which provides stimulating reading to both specialists and general readers.The Chapter "Hard Problem and Free Will: An Information-Theoretical Approach" is available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.
Artificial Islands: Adventures in the Dominions
by Owen HatherleyShould Britain form a new union with its old 'Dominions' in Canada, Australia and New Zealand? Are they really our closest allies and relations? And is there any reason why they should want to unite again with us?Great Britain has just left one Union, after years of bitter argument and divisive posturing. But what if the island's future lies in another Union altogether, with some of its former colonial &“kith and kin&” across the seas? Why be in a Union with your immediate neighbours, when you could instead be in a trans-oceanic super-state with our old friends in Canada, Australia and New Zealand? Welcome to the strange world of the 'CANZUK Union', the name for a quixotic but apparently serious plan to reunify the white-majority 'Dominions' of the British Empire under the flag of low taxes, strong borders and climate change denialism.Artificial Islands tests the idea that Britain's natural allies and closest relations are in these three countries in North America and the Antipodes, through a good look at the histories, townscapes and spaces of several cities across the settler zones of the British Empire. These are some of the most purely artificial and modern landscapes in the world, British-designed cities that were built with extreme rapidity in forcibly seized territories on the other side of the world from Britain. Were these places really no more than just a reproduction of British Values planted in unlikely corners of the globe? How are people in Auckland, Melbourne, Montreal, Ottawa and Wellington re-imagining their own history, or their countries' role in the British Empire and their complicity in its crimes? And do they have any interest in a union with us?
Artificial Knowing: Gender and the Thinking Machine
by Alison AdamArtificial Knowing challenges the masculine slant in the Artificial Intelligence (AI) view of the world. Alison Adam admirably fills the large gap in science and technology studies by showing us that gender bias is inscribed in AI-based computer systems. Her treatment of feminist epistemology, focusing on the ideas of the knowing subject, the nature of knowledge, rationality and language, are bound to make a significant and powerful contribution to AI studies. Drawing from theories by Donna Haraway and Sherry Turkle, and using tools of feminist epistemology, Adam provides a sustained critique of AI which interestingly re-enforces many of the traditional criticisms of the AI project. Artificial Knowing is an esential read for those interested in gender studies, science and technology studies, and philosophical debates in AI.
Artificial Life and Evolutionary Computation: 13th Italian Workshop, WIVACE 2018, Parma, Italy, September 10–12, 2018, Revised Selected Papers (Communications in Computer and Information Science #900)
by Stefano Cagnoni Monica Mordonini Riccardo Pecori Andrea Roli Marco VillaniThis book constitutes the revised selected papers of the 13th Italian Workshop on Artificial Life and Evolutionary Computation, WIVACE 2018, held in Parma, Italy, in September 2018. The 12 full papers presented were thoroughly reviewed and selected from 30 submissions. They cover the following topics: Boolean networks and complex systems; economic, societal and technological applications; chemical, biological and medical applications. The chapter “Unveiling Latent Relations in the Photonics Techno-Economic Complex System” is open access under a CC BY 4.0 license at link.springer.com.
Artificial Misinformation: Exploring Human-Algorithm Interaction Online
by Donghee ShinThis book serves as a guide to understanding the dynamics of AI in human contexts with a specific focus on the generation, sharing, and consumption of misinformation online. How do humans and AI interact? How is AI shaping our understanding of ourselves and our societies? What are the interaction mechanisms that govern how humans and algorithms contribute to misinformation online? And how do we bridge the gap between ethical considerations and practical realities to make responsible, reliable systems? Exploring these questions, the book empowers humans to make AI design choices that allow them meaningful control over AI and the online sphere. Calling for an interdisciplinary approach toward human-misinformation algorithmic interaction that focuses on building methods and tools that robustly deal with complex psychological/social phenomena, the book offers a compelling insight into the future of AI-based society.
Artificial Morality: Virtuous Robots for Virtual Games
by Peter DanielsonThis book explores the role of artificial intelligence in the development of a claim that morality is person-made and rational. Professor Danielson builds moral robots that do better than amoral competitors in a tournament of games like the Prisoners Dilemma and Chicken. The book thus engages in current controversies over the adequacy of the received theory of rational choice. It sides with Gauthier and McClennan, who extend the devices of rational choice to include moral constraint. Artificial Morality goes further, by promoting communication, testing and copying of principles and by stressing empirical tests.
Artificial You: AI and the Future of Your Mind
by Susan SchneiderA sober-minded philosophical exploration of what AI can and cannot achieveHumans may not be Earth’s most intelligent beings for much longer: the world champions of chess, Go, and Jeopardy! are now all AIs. Given the rapid pace of progress in AI, many predict that it could advance to human-level intelligence within the next several decades. From there, it could quickly outpace human intelligence. What do these developments mean for the future of the mind?In Artificial You, Susan Schneider says that it is inevitable that AI will take intelligence in new directions, but urges that it is up to us to carve out a sensible path forward. As AI technology turns inward, reshaping the brain, as well as outward, potentially creating machine minds, it is crucial to beware. Homo sapiens, as mind designers, will be playing with "tools" they do not understand how to use: the self, the mind, and consciousness. Schneider argues that an insufficient grasp of the nature of these entities could undermine the use of AI and brain enhancement technology, bringing about the demise or suffering of conscious beings. To flourish, we must grasp the philosophical issues lying beneath the algorithms.At the heart of her exploration is a sober-minded discussion of what AI can truly achieve: Can robots really be conscious? Can we merge with AI, as tech leaders like Elon Musk and Ray Kurzweil suggest? Is the mind just a program? Examining these thorny issues, Schneider proposes ways we can test for machine consciousness, questions whether consciousness is an unavoidable byproduct of sophisticated intelligence, and considers the overall dangers of creating machine minds.
The Artist and the Mathematician
by Amir AczelNicolas Bourbaki, whose mathematical publications began to appear in the late 1930s and continued to be published through most of the twentieth century, was a direct product as well as a major force behind an important revolution that took place in the early decades of the twentieth century that completely changed Western culture. Pure mathematics, the area of Bourbaki's work, seems on the surface to be an abstract field of human study with no direct connection with the real world. In reality, however, it is closely intertwined with the general culture that surrounds it. Major developments in mathematics have often followed important trends in popular culture; developments in mathematics have acted as harbingers of change in the surrounding human culture. The seeds of change, the beginnings of the revolution that swept the Western world in the early decades of the twentieth century -- both in mathematics and in other areas -- were sown late in the previous century. This is the story both of Bourbaki and the world that created him in that time. It is the story of an elaborate intellectual joke -- because Bourbaki, one of the foremost mathematicians of his day -- never existed.
The Artist-Philosopher and New Philosophy (Routledge Advances in Art and Visual Studies)
by George SmithIn The Artist-Philosopher and New Philosophy, Smith argues that Western Metaphysics has indeed come to what Heidegger describes as “an end.” That is hardly to say philosophy as such is over or soon to disappear; rather, its purpose as a medium of cultural change and as a generator of history has run its course. He thus calls for a New Philosophy, conceptualized by the artist-philosopher who “makes” or “poeticizes” New Philosophy, spanning literary and theoretical discourses and operating across art in all its forms and across culture in all its locations. To this end, Smith proposes the establishment of schools and social networks that advance the training and development of artist-philosophers, as well as global digital networks that are themselves designed toward this “ever-becoming community.”
The Artist-Philosopher and Poetic Hermeneutics: On Trauma (Routledge Advances in Art and Visual Studies)
by George SmithFocusing on the aesthetic representation of trauma, George Smith outlines the nexus points between poetics and hermeneutics and shows how a particular kind of thinker, the artist-philosopher, practices interpretation in an entirely different way from traditional hermeneutics. Taking a transhistorical and global view, Smith engages artists, writers, and thinkers from Western and non-Western periods, regions, and cultures. Thus, we see that poetic hermeneutics reconstitutes philosophy and art as hybridizations of art and science, the artist and the philosopher, subject and object. In turn, the artist-philosopher's poetic-hermeneutic reconstitution of philosophy and art is meant to transform human consciousness. This book will be of interest to artists and scholars working in studio practice, art history, aesthetics, philosophy, cultural studies, history of ideas, history of consciousness, psychoanalytic studies, myth studies, literary studies, and creative writing.
Artistic Creativity: A Scientific Journey Through Homospatial, Janusian, and Sep-Con Articulation Processes (Palgrave Studies in Creativity and Culture)
by Albert RothenbergThis book presents the creative processes in art throughout history and cultures. A specific cognitive function, the homospatial process, is extensively documented and described, as well as short and long term scientific research in artistic creation and its applications to aesthetic appreciation. Drawing on research in psychology of creativity, creative operations, and relationship of mental health and illness to creativity, the author delves into the psychology of creativity in art and other fields, and presents intensive and experimental studies of Rembrandt’s self-portraiture, controlled experimental assessment of prizewinning young artists, descriptions of three key creative processes, and in-depth exploration of the operation of the specific creative homospatial process in works of art throughout history. The book also presents specific controlled experimentation on use of the homospatial process, its application in the creation of clothing design, and two explorations of major artists and the relationship of mental health and creativity, ending with a reflection on the role and function of creativity in society.
The Artistic Foundations of Nations and Citizens: Art, Literature, and the Political Community
by Ann WardThis book examines politics through the lens of art and literature. Through discussion on great works of visual art, literature, and cultural representations of political thought in the medieval, early modern, and American eras, it explores the relevance of the nation-state to human freedom and flourishing, as well as the concept of citizenship and statesmanship that it implies, in contrast to that of the ‘global community’. The essays in this volume focus on shifting notions of various core political concepts like citizenship, republicanism, and nationalism from antiquity to the present-day to provide a systematic understanding of their evolving histories through Western Art and literature. It highlights works such as the Bayeux Tapestry, Shakespeare’s Henry V, Henry VI, and A Midsummer Night’s Dream, Twain’s Joan of Arc and Hermann’s Nichts als Gespenster, among several other canonical works of political interest. Further, it questions if we should now look beyond the nation-state to some form of tans-national, global community to pursue the human freedom desired by progressives, or look at smaller forms of community resembling the polis to pursue the friendship and nobility valued by the ancients. The volume will be invaluable to students and teachers of political science, especially political theory and philosophy, visual arts, and world literature.
Artistic Judgement: A Framework for Philosophical Aesthetics (Philosophical Studies Series #115)
by Graham McfeeArtistic Judgement sketches a framework for an account of art suitable to philosophical aesthetics. It stresses differences between artworks and other things; and locates the understanding of artworks both in a narrative of the history of art and in the institutional practices of the art world. Hence its distinctiveness lies in its strong account of the difference between, on the one hand, the judgement and appreciation of art and, on the other, the judgement and appreciation of all the other things in which we take an aesthetic interest. For only by acknowledging this contrast can one do justice to the importance regularly ascribed to art. The contrast is explained by appealing to an occasion-sensitive account of understanding, drawn from Charles Travis directly, but with Gordon Baker (and Wittgenstein) as also proximate rather than remote. On this basis, it argues, first, that we need to offer accounts of key topics only as far as questions might be raised in respect of them (hence, not exceptionlessly); and, second, that we should therefore defend the view that the meaning of artworks can be changed by later events (the historical character of art, or forward retroactivism) and that art has an institutional character, understood broadly on the lines of Terry Diffey's Republic of Art. Besides providing a general framework, Artistic Judgement also explores the applications of the ideas to specific artworks or classes of them.
Artists in Uniform: A Study of Literature and Bureaucratism (Routledge Revivals)
by Max EastmanFirst published in 1934, Artists in Uniform confronts what the author describes as ‘two of the worst features of the Soviet experiment’ following Lenin’s death – bigotry and bureaucratism – and shows how they have functioned in the sphere of arts and letters. It is divided into three parts: The Artist’s International; A Literary Inquisition; and Art and the Marxian Philosophy.
Artists Remake the World: A Contemporary Art Manifesto
by Vid SimonitiAn original and provocative exploration of the relationship between contemporary art, politics, and activism Artists Remake the World introduces readers to the political ambitions of contemporary art in the early twenty-first century and puts forward a new, wide-ranging account of art&’s political potential. Surveying such innovations as evidence-driven art, socially engaged art, and ecological art, the book explores how artists have attempted to offer bold solutions to the world&’s problems. Vid Simoniti offers original perspectives on contemporary art and its capacity as a force for political and social change. At its best, he argues, contemporary art allows us to imagine utopias and presents us with hard truths, which mainstream political discourse cannot yet articulate. Covering subjects such as climate change, social justice, and global inequality, Simoniti introduces the reader to a host of visionary contemporary artists from across the globe, including Ai Weiwei, Olafur Eliasson, Wangechi Mutu, Naomi Rincón Gallardo, and Hito Steyerl. Offering a philosophy of contemporary art as an experimental branch of politics, the book equips the reader with a new critical apparatus for thinking about political art today.
Arto Salomaa: A Thematic Biography
by Jukka PaakkiThis book outlines the scientific career of Arto Salomaa, a pioneer in theoretical computer science and mathematics. The author first interviewed the subject and his family and collaborators, and he then researched this fascinating biography of an intellectual who was key in the development of these fields.Early chapters progress chronologically from Academician Salomaa's origins, childhood, and education to his professional successes in science, teaching, and publishing. His most impactful direct research efforts have been in the areas of automata and formal languages. Beyond that he has influenced many more scientists and professionals through collaborations, teaching, and books on topics such as biocomputing and cryptography. The author offers insights into Finnish history, culture, and academia, while historians of computer science will appreciate the vignettes describing some of the people who have shaped the field from the 1950s to today. The author and his subject return throughout to underlying themes such as the importance of family and the value of longstanding collegial relationships, while the work and achievements are leavened with humor and references to interests such as music, sport, and the sauna.
Arts Activities for Children and Young People in Need
by Diana CoholicArt-based activities can develop resilience and self-esteem, enabling children in need to cope better with ongoing stress and loss. Arts Activities for Children and Young People in Need offers interventions and exercises drawn from practice and research, for practitioners to use as a basis for their own arts-based groups or one-to-one sessions. Holistic arts activities facilitate a spiritually sensitive approach. Mindfulness-based exercises underpin the approach, and include guided meditations in which a group imagines that they are clouds, or draw feelings and emotions while listening to music, to encourage awareness of the senses. The activities help the group to relax and become more self-aware, encourage an exploration of feelings, values and understanding and are beneficial for children not ready to embrace traditional therapies or counselling. This book is accessible and suitable for helping, health and education practitioners and students from a variety of disciplines, such as social work, psychology and counselling.