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Obras completas. Tomo VIII (1926/1932) [Obra póstuma]
by José Ortega y GassetOctavo tomo de los diez que reúnen las Obras completas de José Ortega y Gasset, la mayor compilación de los textos del filósofo presentada hasta la fecha. Los seis primeros tomos de estas Obras completas de José Ortega y Gasset reúnen las obras publicadas por el propio Ortega, incluidos muchos textos cuya primera reimpresión se ofrece ahora. Los cuatro siguientes incorporan aquellos textos que habían quedado inéditos a su muerte. Se trata de escritos muy cercanos a una versión definitiva, entre ellos varios libros. Muchas de estas obras ven la luz por primera vez. En ambos casos, el criterio de ordenación ha sido cronológico. Para la fijación del texto de los seis primeros volúmenes se ha realizado una notable labor de investigación, que ha permitido recuperar numerosos artículos todavía dispersos en diarios y revistas, así como seleccionar las ediciones pertinentes para el cotejo, a fin de depurar el texto de erratasperpetuadas en ediciones anteriores e identificar sustanciales variantes, que se muestran en el Apéndice. Para la edición de las obras que dejó inéditas, se ha trabajado sobre los manuscritos conservados en el Archivo de la Fundación José Ortega y Gasset. Los años finales de la década de los veinte y los iniciales de los treinta fueron para Ortega de una gran intensidad. Su segundo viaje a Argentina en 1928 le consagró internacionalmente en el mundo cultural hispanoamericano al tiempo que su oposición a la dictadura de Primo de Rivera y su actitud en pro de la República le convertían en el intelectual de referencia dentro del ambiente modernizador. Este tomo incluye la parte que dejó inédita a su muerte de estos fructíferos años entre 1926 y 1932. La mayoría de los textos se recogen por primera vez en sus Obras completas; quince no habían visto la luz hasta la fecha. Destacan por su importancia los cursos que impartió durante estos años. Muchos fueron previstos para un público universitario, como Principios de Metafísica según la razón vital. Curso de 1932-1933, alguno preparado para un reducido número de discípulos y otros se ofrecieron como cursos públicos de gran resonancia y éxito, así el celebrado en Buenos Aires sobre Meditación de nuestro tiempo. Introducción al presente, o ¿Qué es filosofía? Además, se ofrece por primera vez el curso que impartió en la Facultad de Filosofía y Letras de Buenos Aires en 1928 sobre ¿Qué es la ciencia, qué la filosofía?, que se había integrado parcialmente en ¿Qué es la filosofía? Y que ahora se ha reconstruido y se publica íntegro. Se incorporan también varios escritos inéditos de contenido político.
Obras completas. Tomo X (1949/1955) [Obra póstuma]
by José Ortega y GassetÚltimo tomo de los diez que reúnen las Obras completas de José Ortega y Gasset, la mayor compilación de los textos del filósofo presentada hasta la fecha. Los seis primeros tomos de estas Obras completas de José Ortega y Gasset reúnen las obras publicadas por el propio Ortega, incluidos muchos textos cuya primera reimpresión se ofrece ahora. Los cuatro siguientes incorporan aquellos textos que habían quedado inéditos a su muerte. Se trata de escritos muy cercanos a una versión definitiva, entre ellos varios libros. Muchas de estas obras ven la luz por primera vez. En ambos casos, el criterio de ordenación ha sido cronológico. Para la fijación del texto de los seis primeros volúmenes se ha realizado una notable labor de investigación, que ha permitido recuperar numerosos artículos todavía dispersos en diarios y revistas, así como seleccionar las ediciones pertinentes para el cotejo, a fin de depurar el texto deerratas perpetuadas en ediciones anteriores e identificar sustanciales variantes, que se muestran en el Apéndice. Para la edición de las obras que dejó inéditas, se ha trabajado sobre los manuscritos conservados en el Archivo de la Fundación José Ortega y Gasset. Durante los últimos años de su vida, entre 1949 y 1955, José Ortega y Gasset impartió numerosos cursos y conferencias, sobre todo en Alemania, pero también en Estados Unidos, Gran Bretaña, Suiza, Italia y España. Entre estos cursos y conferencias se encuentran algunos de los textos más famosos del filósofo, ahora recogidos en este tomo, último de la obra «póstuma». Por ejemplo, varias conferencias en ocasión del bicentenario del nacimiento de Goethe, la disertación en Berlín De Europa meditatio quaedam o el célebre curso sobre El hombre y la gente en el Instituto de Humanidades de Madrid, del que aquí se dan a conocer algunas partes inéditas. Estos dos últimos los estaba preparando para su edición como libros, pero la muerte le alcanzó sin haberlos concluido. El tomo se cierra con los «Índices generales» de estas Obras completas: la «Cronología del corpus textual», el «Índice alfabético de títulos» y el «Índice de conceptos, onomástico y toponímico».
Observation and Theory in Science (Thalheimer Lectures)
by Ernest Sylvain NagelOriginally published in 1971. The three contributions collected in this volume deal with different aspects of a single theme—the logical status of scientific theories in their relation to observation. These lectures, authored by different thinkers, treat this theme in connection with some controversies in the philosophy of science. A nonspecialist who reads these lectures should realize that the theme itself is a perennial one with an ancient lineage. It has concerned philosophers from the earliest era of philosophy on down through the centuries. A central philosophical issue at stake in the lectures is the question of whether scientific theories are testable in terms of our observations such that we can know whether some theories are true and others false. Although differing in their emphases, all three contributors seek a more plausible and nonskeptical philosophical account of the status of scientific theories in relation to observation.
Observations Upon Experimental Philosophy
by Margaret Cavendish Eileen O'NeillMargaret Cavendish's 1668 edition of Observations upon Experimental Philosophy, presented here in a 2001 edition, holds a unique position in early modern philosophy. Cavendish rejects the Aristotelianism which was taught in the universities in the seventeenth century, and the picture of nature as a grand machine which was propounded by Hobbes, Descartes and members of the Royal Society of London, such as Boyle. She also rejects the views of nature which make reference to immaterial spirits. Instead she develops an original system of organicist materialism, and draws on the doctrines of ancient Stoicism to attack the tenets of seventeenth-century mechanical philosophy. Her treatise is a document of major importance in the history of women's contributions to philosophy and science.
Observations on the Feeling of the Beautiful and Sublime
by Immanuel Kant John T. GoldthwaitWhen originally published in 1960, this was the first complete English translation since 1799 of Kant's early work on aesthetics. More literary than philosophical, Observations shows Kant as a man of feeling rather than the dry thinker he often seemed to readers of the three Critiques.
Observations upon Experimental Philosophy, Abridged, with Related Texts
by Margaret Cavendish Eugene Marshall"Margaret Cavendish's philosophical work is at last taking its rightful place in the history of seventeenth-century thought, but her writings are so voluminous and wide-ranging that introducing her work to students has been difficult—at least until this volume came along. This carefully edited abridgment of Observations upon Experimental Philosophy will be indispensable for making Cavendish's fascinating ideas accessible to students. Marshall's Introduction provides a helpful overview of themes in Cavendish's natural philosophy, and the footnotes contain useful background information about some of the texts and philosophers that Cavendish mentions. The additional selections from Descartes, Hobbes, Boyle, and Hooke also help contextualize Cavendish's views." —Deborah Boyle, College of Charleston
Observing International Relations: Niklas Luhmann and World Politics (New International Relations)
by Mathias Albert Lena HilkermeierObserving International Relations draws upon the modern systems theory of society, developed by Niklas Luhmann, to provide new perspectives on central aspects of contemporary world society and to generate theoretically informed insights on the possibilities and limits of regulation in global governance. The authors develop a Luhmannian theory of world society by contrasting it with competing notions of international society, critically discussing the use of modern systems theory in international relations theory and assessing its treatment of central concepts within international relations, such as power, sovereignty, governance and war.
Obshchestvennost’ and Civic Agency in Late Imperial and Soviet Russia: Interface between State and Society
by Yasuhiro MatsuiIn modernizing Russia, obshchestvennost', an indigenous Russian word, began functioning as a term to illuminate newly emerging active parts of society and their public identities. This volume approaches various phenomena associated with the term throughout the revolution, examining it in the context of the press, public opinion, and activists.
Obstacles to Ethical Decision-Making
by Patricia H. Werhane Michael S. Pritchard Laura Pincus Hartman Crina Archer Elaine E. EnglehardtIn commerce, many moral failures are due to narrow mindsets that preclude taking into account the moral dimensions of a decision or action. In turn, sometimes these mindsets are caused by failing to question managerial decisions from a moral point of view, because of a perceived authority of management. In the 1960s, Stanley Milgram conducted controversial experiments to investigate just how far obedience to an authority figure could subvert his subjects' moral beliefs. In this thought-provoking work, the authors examine the prevalence of narrow mental models and the phenomenon of obedience to an authority to analyse and understand the challenges which business professionals encounter in making ethical decisions. Obstacles to Ethical Decision-Making proposes processes - including collaborative input and critique - by which individuals may reduce or overcome these challenges. It provides decision-makers at all levels in an organisation with the means to place ethical considerations at the heart of managerial decision-making.
Occasionalism and the Debate about Causation in Early Modern Germany
by Christian HenkelThis is the first book to focus on occasionalism in early modern German philosophy. It demonstrates that occasionalism provided a strong foundation for the thought of four important yet underexamined German philosophers: Erhard Weigel, Johann Christoph Sturm, Christian Wolff, and Gottfried Ploucquet.Occasionalism is most often associated with Cartesian early modern Christian philosophers, the most famous of whom is perhaps Nicolas Malebranche. Early modern German occasionalism has received very little scholarly attention, leaving us with an incomplete picture of the German causation debate from Leibniz to Kant. This book combines a chronological investigation of four influential and historically connected cases of occasionalism in early modern Germany with a reconstruction of arguments to address specific problems in metaphysics, natural philosophy, philosophy of language, and philosophy of psychology. Providing a sufficient ground for nature and human beings’ mental and physical existence is a pressing issue for Weigel, Sturm, Wolff, and Ploucquet. In examining the thought of these four understudied German philosophers, this book helps us rethink the relation between metaphysics of nature and science of nature and better understand the development of early modern debates about causation.Occasionalism and the Debate about Causation in Early Modern Germany is an important resource for scholars and advanced students working on the history of early modern philosophy and the history of metaphysics and causation.
Occupational Health Ethics: From Theory to Practice
by Jacques TaminThis book provides occupational health (OH) professionals with a theoretical basis for addressing the ethical issues that they confront in their practice. There is often a lack of in-depth moral analysis of the issues that OH practitioners face on a daily basis. The ICOH Code of Ethics sets out the important principles that guide OH practice. This book builds on these core principles, starting from an application of moral theories in the OH context and illustrating how ethical conflicts could be resolved, by carrying out ethical analyses of several case studies. In this way, it aims to link ethical theory to OH practice.
Occupy Nation: The Roots, the Spirit, and the Promise of Occupy Wall Street
by Todd Gitlin“[A] much needed book…a compelling portrait of the Occupy movement…that capture[s] the spirit of the people involved, the crisis that gave Occupy birth, and the possibility of genuine change it represents.”—Eric Foner, author of The Fiery Trial: Abraham Lincoln and American SlaveryThe Occupy Wall Street movement arose out of a widespread desire of ordinary Americans to change a political system in which the moneyed “1%” of the nation controls the workings of the government. In Occupy Nation, social historian Todd Gitlin—a former leader of the Students for a Democratic Society (SDS) who stood at the forefront of the birth of the New Left and the student protests of the 1960s and ’70s—offers a unique overview of one of the most rapidly growing yet misunderstood social revolutions in modern history. Occupy Nation is a concise and incisive look at the Occupy movement at its pivotal moment, as it weighs its unexpected power and grapples with its future mission.
Occupy Time
by Jason M. AdamsWhile secondary texts on Paul Virilio typically see no way out of the tempo- and techno-dystopia he articulates, Occupy Time engages the events of Occupy Wall Street to fix attention on what such readings circumvent: Virilio's elusive theory of resistance.
Ocean Governance, Regimes, and the South China Sea Issues
by Peter Kien-hong YuThis book uses Chinese version of dialectics to present interpretations of ocean governance, international regimes, issues in the South China Sea in general and the Chinese U-shaped line in particular, through the one-dot theory. It especially serves as a tool for non-Chinese researchers and experts interested in analyzing international relations issues from a Chinese perspective. The dialectical one-dot theory, which is a superior model to the dialectical Yin and Yang or the dialectical crab and frog motion model, provides research and findings that more closely mirror reality than do other, non-dialectical approaches and research methods. Further, it can be applied to both the natural and social sciences. The book is divided into three parts -- Methodology, Case Studies Related to International Regimes and Non-"International Regimes," and Issues Related to the U-shaped Line in the South China Sea -- with each chapter structured in terms of the one-dot theory. In addition to researchers and experts involved in marine and maritime affairs, this book will also appeal to all readers interested in Chinese Philosophy, International Relations, and Strategic Culture.
Ockham Explained
by Rondo KeeleOckham Explained is an important and much-needed resource on William of Ockham, one of the most important philosophers of the Middle Ages. His eventful and controversial life was marked by sharp career moves and academic and ecclesiastical battles. At 28, Ockham was a conservative English theologian focused obsessively on the nature of language, but by 40, he had transformed into a fugitive friar, accused of heresy, and finally protected by the German emperor as he composed incendiary treatises calling for strong limits on papal authority. This book provides a thorough grounding in Ockham's life and his many contributions to philosophy. It begins with an overview of the philosopher's youth and the Aristotelian philosophy he studied as a boy. Subsequent chapters cover his ideas on language and logic; his metaphysics and vaunted "razor," as well as his opponents' "anti-razor" theories; his invention of the church-state separation; and much more. The concluding chapter sums up Ockham's compelling philosophical personality and explains his modern appeal.
Ockham on Concepts (Ashgate Studies in Medieval Philosophy)
by Claude PanaccioWilliam of Ockham (c.1287-1347) is known to be one of the major figures of the late Middle Ages. The scope and significance of his doctrine of human thought, however, has been a controversial issue among scholars in the last decade, and this book presents a full discussion of recent developments. Claude Panaccio proposes a richly documented and entirely original reinterpretation of Ockham's theory of concepts as a coherent blend of representationalism, conceptual atomism, and non reductionist nominalism, stressing in the process its special interest for current discussions in philosophy of mind and cognitive sciences.
Ockham's Razors
by Elliott SoberOckham's razor, the principle of parsimony, states that simpler theories are better than theories that are more complex. It has a history dating back to Aristotle and it plays an important role in current physics, biology, and psychology. The razor also gets used outside of science - in everyday life and in philosophy. This book evaluates the principle and discusses its many applications. Fascinating examples from different domains provide a rich basis for contemplating the principle's promises and perils. It is obvious that simpler theories are beautiful and easy to understand; the hard problem is to figure out why the simplicity of a theory should be relevant to saying what the world is like. In this book, the ABCs of probability theory are succinctly developed and put to work to describe two 'parsimony paradigms' within which this problem can be solved.
Ockhamism and Philosophy of Time: Semantic and Metaphysical Issues Concerning Future Contingents (Synthese Library #452)
by Alessio SantelliThis book discusses fundamental topics on contemporary Ockhamism. The collected essays show how contemporary Ockhamism can impact areas of research such as semantics, metaphysics and also the philosophy of science. In addition, the volume hosts one historian of Medieval philosophy who investigates the way in which William of Ockham “in flesh and bone” construed time and, more generally, future contingency.The essays explore the different meanings of this theory. They cover three main topics, in particular. The first examines the thesis that sentences and propositions about the future have a definite truth value, without any ensuing commitment to determinism or fatalism. The second topic looks at the problem whether the branching-time model needs to countenance a privileged branch (the so-called Thin Red Line). Finally, the third topic considers the idea that there are so-called soft facts. These would be the subject matter of sentences and propositions verbally about the present or the past, but metaphysically about a later time, and which might change in the future.Overall, the book provides an updated and rigorous idea of the debate about Ockhamism. It gives readers a deeper understanding into this philosophical approach influenced by William of Ockham, characterized by the rejection of the Aristotelian idea that, in order to preserve the contingency of the future, future contingents must be deemed neither true nor false.
Odious Praise: Rhetoric, Religion, and Social Thought
by Eric MacPhailThis book reveals a tradition of thought overlooked in our intellectual history but enormously influential even now: the tradition of odious praise. Distinct from more conventional rhetorical exercises, such as panegyric or the funeral oration, odious praise uses acclaim to censure or to critique. This book reassesses the genre of praise-and-blame rhetoric by considering the potential of odious praise to undermine consensus and to challenge a society’s normative values.Surveying literature from ancient Greece to Renaissance Europe, Eric MacPhail identifies a tradition of epideictic rhetoric that began with the sophists but was cultivated and employed most vigorously by Renaissance political thinkers. Presenting examples from the writings of Lorenzo Valla, Niccolò Machiavelli, Desiderius Erasmus, Michel de Montaigne, Joachim du Bellay, and Jean Bodin, among others, MacPhail shows that by inscribing a positive value to an object worthy of blame, cultural values are turned on their head. MacPhail traces the use of this technique to critique the values of the classical and scholastic traditions. Recognizing and engaging with this tradition, MacPhail argues, can reinvigorate our study of the history of social thought and reveal further the roots of modern social science.Rigorous and lucid, Odious Praise presents a rhetoric capable of suspending and thus critiquing the values of a culture, and in doing so, it uncovers the first serious attempts at social thought and the seedbed of modern social science. It will be welcomed by scholars of Renaissance literature and culture, the history of rhetoric, and political thought.
Odysseys of Recognition: Performing Intersubjectivity in Homer, Aristotle, Shakespeare, Goethe, and Kleist (New Studies in the Age of Goethe)
by Ellwood WigginsLiterary recognition is a technical term for a climactic plot device. Odysseys of Recognition claims that interpersonal recognition is constituted by performance, and brings performance theory into dialogue with poetics, politics, and philosophy. By observing Odysseus figures from Homer to Kleist, Ellwood Wiggins offers an alternative to conventional intellectual histories that situate the invention of the interior self in modernity. Through strategic readings of Aristotle, this elegantly written, innovative study recovers an understanding of interpersonal recognition that has become strange and counterintuitive. Penelope in Homer’s Odyssey offers a model for agency in ethical knowledge that has a lot to teach us today. Early modern and eighteenth-century characters, meanwhile, discover themselves not deep within an impenetrable self, but in the interpersonal space between people in the world. Recognition, Wiggins contends, is the moment in which epistemology and ethics coincide: in which what we know becomes manifest in what we do. Published by Bucknell University Press. Distributed worldwide by Rutgers University Press.
Oedipus Rex in the Genomic Era: Human Behaviour, Law and Society
by Yulia Kovas Fatos SelitaThis book explores the answers to fundamental questions about the human mind and human behaviour with the help of two ancient texts. The first is Oedipus Rex (Oedipus Tyrannus) by Sophocles, written in the 5th century BCE. The second is human DNA, with its origins around 4 billion years ago, and continuously revised by chance and evolution. With Sophocles as a guide, the authors take a journey into the Genomic era, an age marked by ever-expanding insights into the human genome. Over the course of this journey, the book explores themes of free will, fate, and chance; prediction, misinterpretation, and the burden that comes with knowledge of the future; self-fulfilling and self-defeating prophecies; the forces that contribute to similarities and differences among people; roots and lineage; and the judgement of oneself and others.Using Oedipus Rex as its lens, this novel work provides an engaging overview of behavioural genetics that demonstrates its relevance across the humanities and the social and life sciences. It will appeal in particular to students and scholars of genetics, education, psychology, sociology, and law.
Of Beasts and Beauty: Gender, Race, and Identity in Colombia
by Michael Edward StanfieldAll societies around the world and through time value beauty highly. Tracing the evolutions of the Colombian standards of beauty since 1845, Michael Edward Stanfield explores their significance to and symbiotic relationship with violence and inequality in the country. Arguing that beauty holds not only social power but also economic and political power, he positions it as a pacific and inclusive influence in a country “ripped apart by violence, private armies, seizures of land, and abuse of governmental authority, one hoping that female beauty could save it from the ravages of the male beast. ” One specific means of obscuring those harsh realities is the beauty pageant, of which Colombia has over 300 per year. Stanfield investigates the ways in which these pageants reveal the effects of European modernity and notions of ethnicity on Colombian women, and how beauty for Colombians has become an external representation of order and morality that can counter the pathological effects of violence, inequality, and exclusion in their country.
Of Bridges: A Poetic and Philosophical Account
by Thomas Harrison“Always,” wrote Philip Larkin, “it is by bridges that we live.” Bridges represent our aspirations to connect, to soar across divides. And it is the unfinished business of these aspirations that makes bridges such stirring sights, especially when they are marvels of ingenuity. A rich compendium of myths, superstitions, literary and ideological figurations, as well as architectural and musical illustrations, Of Bridges organizes a poetic and philosophical history of bridges into nine thematic clusters. Leaping in lucid prose between seemingly unrelated times and places, Thomas Harrison gives a panoramic account of the diverse meanings and valences of human bridges, questioning why they are built and where they lead. He investigates bridges as flashpoints in war and the mega-bridges of our globalized world. He probes links forged by religion between life’s transience and eternity and the consolidating ties of music, illustrated in a case study of the blues. He illuminates the real and symbolic crossings facing migrants each day and the affective connections that make persons and societies cohere. In fine and intricate readings of literature, philosophy, art, and geography, Harrison engages in a profound reflection on how bridges form and transform cultural communities. Interdisciplinary and deeply lyrical, Of Bridges is a mesmerizing, vertiginous tale of bridges both visible and invisible, both lived and imagined.
Of Bridges: A Poetic and Philosophical Account
by Thomas Harrison“Always,” wrote Philip Larkin, “it is by bridges that we live.” Bridges represent our aspirations to connect, to soar across divides. And it is the unfinished business of these aspirations that makes bridges such stirring sights, especially when they are marvels of ingenuity. A rich compendium of myths, superstitions, literary and ideological figurations, as well as architectural and musical illustrations, Of Bridges organizes a poetic and philosophical history of bridges into nine thematic clusters. Leaping in lucid prose between seemingly unrelated times and places, Thomas Harrison gives a panoramic account of the diverse meanings and valences of human bridges, questioning why they are built and where they lead. He investigates bridges as flashpoints in war and the mega-bridges of our globalized world. He probes links forged by religion between life’s transience and eternity and the consolidating ties of music, illustrated in a case study of the blues. He illuminates the real and symbolic crossings facing migrants each day and the affective connections that make persons and societies cohere. In fine and intricate readings of literature, philosophy, art, and geography, Harrison engages in a profound reflection on how bridges form and transform cultural communities. Interdisciplinary and deeply lyrical, Of Bridges is a mesmerizing, vertiginous tale of bridges both visible and invisible, both lived and imagined.