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Rights and Resources (Routledge Revivals)
by Frances H. MillerThis title was first published in 2003. The fulfilment of health care rights in a world where resources are scarce is a prominent issue. In this volume, Frances H. Miller introduces studies on a wide variety of aspects of this important yet complex process.
Rights for Intelligent Robots?: A Philosophical Inquiry into Machine Moral Status
by Kęstutis MosakasIn recent years, the question of human moral duties toward robots has gained momentum in scholarly research due to great advancements in the fields of artificial intelligence (AI) and robotics. Although the current machines fall short of the level of sophistication and human likeness portrayed in science fiction (e.g., the Westworld series or the movie Blade Runner 2049), they are increasingly assuming roles in our society in various important areas, including manufacturing, healthcare, education, customer service, entertainment, and many others. This book makes a meaningful contribution to the ongoing philosophical discourse surrounding the moral treatment of robots. By providing a rigorous and systematic examination of key moral concepts (e.g., moral rights, moral status, moral considerability, and moral value) within the context of robotics and exploring other closely related issues (e.g., the moral implications of artificial consciousness and the associated epistemic challenges), this book offers fresh insights into the necessary and sufficient conditions for machine moral status and rights.
Rights in Moral Lives: A Historical-Philosophical Essay
by A. I. MeldenIn Rights in Moral Lives, A. I. Melden, a distinguished philosopher and moral rights theorist, examines important changes that have occurred in our thinking about rights since first mention of them was made in early modern times. His inquiry is framed by an opening question and a concluding response. The question is whether the Greeks had any conception of a moral right. Some argue that they did not, on the ground that they had no word for a right. Others claim that they did, since they employed certain locutions, the equivalents of which in our language are tied to some notion of a moral right. Melden reviews in detail some of the most important historical conceptions of rights and examines serious questions raised by the fact that there have been striking changes in our thinking about rights. His discussion elucidates the place of moral rights in the broader network of moral concepts, along with the role they should play in our moral lives. Among the fundamental issues raised and discussed are the ways in which we are to understand various sorts of rights, the relation of special moral rights to our basic human rights, the now familiar claim that there are animal rights, the nature of moral progress, and the dream of a moral science. This title is part of UC Press's Voices Revived program, which commemorates University of California Press’s mission to seek out and cultivate the brightest minds and give them voice, reach, and impact. Drawing on a backlist dating to 1893, Voices Revived makes high-quality, peer-reviewed scholarship accessible once again using print-on-demand technology. This title was originally published in 1988.
Rights of Man
by Thomas PaineThe Founding Father’s most influential work: an impassioned defense of democracy and revolution in the name of human rights.Whatever is my right as a man is also the right of another; and it becomes my duty to guarantee as well as to possess. In Rights of Man, Founding Father of the United States Thomas Paine makes a compelling case in favor of the French Revolution. Written in response to Edmund Burke’s highly critical Reflections on the Revolution in France, its forceful rebuke of aristocratic rule and persuasive endorsement of self-government made it one of the most influential political statements in history. Paine asserts that human rights are not granted by the government but inherent to man’s nature. He goes on to argue that the purpose of government is to protect these natural rights, and if a government fails to do so, its people are duty-bound to revolution. Originally published in two parts, in 1791 and 1792, Rights of Man was a popular sensation in the United States, while in England, its incendiary views were seen as a threat to the Crown. For its erudite prose and rigorous argumentation, it remains a classic text of political thought. This ebook has been professionally proofread to ensure accuracy and readability on all devices.
Rights of Man, Common Sense, and Other Political Writings (Oxford World's Classics Ser.)
by Thomas PaineThomas Paine was the first international revolutionary. His Common Sense (1776) was the most widely read pamphlet of the American Revolution--and his Rights of Man (1791-2), the most famous defense of the French Revolution, sent out a clarion call for revolution throughout the world. Paine paid the price for his principles: he was outlawed in Britain, narrowly escaped execution in France, and was vilified as an atheist and a Jacobin on his return to America. This new edition contains the complete texts of both Rights of Man and Common Sense, as well as six other powerful political writings--American Crisis I, American Crisis XIII, Agrarian Justice, Letter to Jefferson, Letter Addressed to the Addressers on the Late Proclamation, and Dissertation on the First Principles of Government--all of which illustrate why Paine's ideas still resonate in the modern welfare states of today. About the Series: For over 100 years Oxford World's Classics has made available the broadest spectrum of literature from around the globe. Each affordable volume reflects Oxford's commitment to scholarship, providing the most accurate text plus a wealth of other valuable features, including expert introductions by leading authorities, voluminous notes to clarify the text, up-to-date bibliographies for further study, and much more.
Rights of Nature: A Re-examination (Routledge Explorations in Environmental Studies)
by Daniel P. Corrigan and Markku OksanenRights of nature is an idea that has come of age. In recent years, a diverse range of countries and jurisdictions have adopted these norms, which involve granting legal rights to nature or natural objects, such as rivers, forests, or ecosystems. This book critically examines the idea of natural objects as right-holders and analyzes legal cases, policies, and philosophical issues relating to this development. Drawing on contributions from a range of experts in the field, Rights of Nature: A Re-examination investigates the potential for this innovative idea to revolutionize the concepts of rights, standing, and recognition as traditionally understood in many legal systems. Taking as its starting point Stone’s influential 1972 article "Should Trees Have Standing?," the book examines the progress rights of nature have made since that time, by identifying central themes, unifying principles, and key distinctions in how rights of nature discourse has been operationalized in the disciplines of law, philosophy, and the social sciences. These themes and principles are illustrated through a wide variety of examples, including ecosystem services, indigenous thinking, and ecological restoration, demonstrating how the relationship between humanity and the natural world may be transforming. Taking a philosophical, political, and legal perspective, this book will be of great interest to students and scholars of environmental law and policy, environmental ethics, and philosophy.
Rights, Bodies and Recognition: New Essays on Fichte's Foundations of Natural Right
by TOM ROCKMORE AND DANIEL BREAZEALEThe German philosopher, Johann Gottlieb Fichte (1762-1814), has long been recognized as an important and original figure in the history of philosophy and Western thought and as a seminal influence upon the Romantic tradition. The essays in this book focus on Fichte's contributions in political theory as set out in his Foundations of Natural Right. Fichte was notorious as a political radical and his ideas in in political theory proved to be decisive influences upon his contemporaries and of striking relevance to current political dispute. This volume of essays, which examine such issues as Fichte as a social contract theorist, his theory of gender relations and his theories on punishment and the criminal law among many other topics, remedies what has been a striking lacuna in the existing scholarly literature.
Rights, Religion and Reform: Enhancing Human Dignity through Spiritual and Moral Transformation
by Chandra MuzaffarThis book discusses issues concerning human rights and religion. Is a more integrated approach to human rights desirable - an approach that transcends the individual-centred orientation of civil and political liberties of the dominant centres of power in the West? How can religious thought contribute to an integrated notion of human rights and human dignity? What sort of transformation should religion itself undergo in order to enable it to come to grips with contemporary challenges? Related to this is a larger question: How can universal spiritual and moral values help to shape politics, the economy and society as a whole?
Rights: A Critical Introduction (Routledge Contemporary Political Philosophy #50)
by Tom CampbellWe take rights to be fundamental to everyday life. Rights are also controversial and hotly debated both in theory and practice. Where do rights come from? Are they invented or discovered? What sort of rights are there and who is entitled to them? In this comprehensive introduction, Tom Campbell introduces and critically examines the key philosophical debates about rights.The first part of the book covers historical and contemporary theories of rights, including the origin and variety of rights and standard justifications of them. He considers challenges to rights from philosophers such as Bentham, Burke and Marx. He also examines different theories of rights, such as natural law, social contract, utilitarian and communitarian theories of rights and the philosophers and political theorists associated with them, such as John Stuart Mill, John Rawls, Robert Nozick and Michael Sandel. The second part of the book explores the role of rights-promoting institutions and critically assesses legal rights and international human rights, including the United Nations. The final part of the book examines how philosophies of rights can be applied to freedom of speech, issues of social welfare and the question of self-determination for certain groups or peoples.Rights: A Critical Introduction is essential reading for anyone new to the subject of rights and any student of political philosophy, politics and law.
Rightwing Populism: An Element of Neodemocracy (SpringerBriefs on Pioneers in Science and Practice #40)
by Klaus Von BeymeThis book, written by a prominent German political scientist and specialist for political theory and comparative government, analyses right-wing populism as a topical theme of postmodern party systems in Europe and the United States.
Rigorism of Truth: "Moses the Egyptian" and Other Writings on Freud and Arendt (signale|TRANSFER: German Thought in Translation)
by Hans BlumenbergIn "Moses the Egyptian"—the centerpiece of Rigorism of Truth, the German philosopher Hans Blumenberg addresses two defining figures in the intellectual history of the twentieth century: Sigmund Freud and Hannah Arendt. Unpublished during his lifetime, this essay analyzes Freud’s Moses and Monotheism (1939) and Arendt’s Eichmann in Jerusalem (1963), and discovers in both a principled rigidity that turns into recklessness because it is blind to the politics of the unknown.Offering striking insights into the importance of myth in politics and the extent to which truth can be tolerated in adversity, the essay also provides one of the few instances where Blumenberg reveals his thinking about Judaism and Zionism. Rigorism of Truth also includes commentaries by Ahlrich Meyer that give a fuller understanding of the philosopher’s engagement with Freud, Arendt, and the Eichmann trial, as well as situating these reflections in the broader context of Blumenberg’s life and thought.
Rigorous State-Based Methods: 7th International Conference, ABZ 2020, Ulm, Germany, May 27–29, 2020, Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #12071)
by Alexander Raschke Dominique Méry Frank HoudekThis book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Rigorous State-Based Methods, ABZ 2020, which was due to be held in Ulm, Germany, in May 2020. The conference was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The 12 full papers and 9 short papers were carefully reviewed and selected from 61 submissions. They are presented in this volume together with 2 invited papers, 6 PhD-Symposium-contributions, as well as the case study and 6 accepted papers outlining solutions to it. The papers are organized in the following sections: keynotes and invited papers; regular research articles; short articles; articles contributing to the case study; short articles of the PhD-symposium (work in progress).
Rigorous State-Based Methods: 8th International Conference, ABZ 2021, Ulm, Germany, June 9–11, 2021, Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #12709)
by Alexander Raschke Dominique MéryThis book constitutes the proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Rigorous State-Based Methods, ABZ 2021, which was planned to take place in Ulm, Germany, during June 6-11, 2021. The conference changed to an online format due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The 6 full and 8 short papers included in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 18 submissions. The proceedings also include 3 PhD symposium contributions. They deal with state-based and machine-based formal methods, mainly Abstract State Machines (ASM), Alloy, B, TLA+, VDM, and Z.
Rigorous State-Based Methods: 9th International Conference, ABZ 2023, Nancy, France, May 30–June 2, 2023, Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #14010)
by Philippe Palanque Uwe Glässer Dominique Méry Jose Creissac CamposThis book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Rigorous State-Based Methods, ABZ 2023, held in Nancy, France, in May 2023. The 12 full and 7 short papers included in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 47 submissions. The proceedings also include 4 PhD symposium contributions. They deal with state-based and machine-based formal methods, mainly Abstract State Machines (ASM), Alloy, B, TLA+, VDM, and Z.
Rings, Extensions, and Cohomology: Proceedings Of The Conference On The Occasion Of The Retirement Of Daniel Zelinsky (Lecture Notes In Pure And Applied Mathematics Ser.)
by Andy R. Magid"Presenting the proceedings of a conference held recently at Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, on the occasion of the retirement of noted mathematician Daniel Zelinsky, this novel reference provides up-to-date coverage of topics in commutative and noncommutative ring extensions, especially those involving issues of separability, Galois theory, and cohomology."
Rise and Decline: Where We Are and What We Can Do About It
by Bruce D. ThatcherSooner or later, all nations die. Rise and Decline shows that America has passed its peak in world prominence and is on the decline, identifies the core values that drove its ascendance, and shows that the reasons we’re now in decline are not those so often offered up – corruption, national debt, weakening military, racial divide, poverty, etc., etc. These are merely symptoms of the root problems – growing indifference and disdain for America’s founding values. Rise and Decline studies six of history’s great democracies and republics – Ancient Athens, the Roman Republic, the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, The French Third Republic, the United Kingdom and the United States of America. Four of these no longer exist, and the U.K. and U.S.A. are in decline. Thatcher shows that citizen acceptance and support of specific principles is basic to the founding of every nation and drives its ascendance. Dishonoring and disdaining those principles leads inexorably to national decline and, ultimately, extinction. Abraham Lincoln once said, as regards the United States, America will never be destroyed from the outside. If we falter and lose our freedoms, it will be because we destroyed ourselves. America’s raison d’être is liberty, as articulated in the Declaration of Independence and Constitution, especially the Bill of Rights. These values are being usurped by our government and eschewed or disdained by citizens. Unless this erosion is halted or reversed in ways described in Rise and Decline, the end of the United States will arrive sooner, rather than later.
Rise and Shine
by Pedram Shojai"Pedram Shojai is the master teacher and guide for movement, awareness, and exploration of the harmony of energy."-Don Campbell, author of The Roar of Silence and The Mozart EffectMillions of Americans are joining a holistic health revolution in which yoga, natural foods, and traditional Chinese medicine are providing potent healing alternatives to costly and often debilitating prescriptions of surgery and pharmacology.As a renowned acupuncturist, master herbalist, wellness consultant, and lifelong student of various alchemical traditions, Pedram Shojai is the first author to fuse these energetic practices with an alchemical perspective, resulting in a powerful daily practice that not only heals and invigorates your body, but expands your awareness and personal power.Rise and Shine begins with the remarkable story of Shojai's personal transformations that led him into him to his unique synthesis of spiritual and physical purification practices. Shojai then shows readers ways to activate and balance the "Subtle Body" or "Light Body"-the energy meridians of acupuncture and other energy channels. He incorporates meditation and synthesized forms of Qi Gong (Chinese energy yoga) from Taoist, Buddhist, and eastern medical traditions to teach modern audiences simple, profound methods to find balance, energy, and peace in today's world.Pedram Shojai has worked with individuals, companies, and groups for several years teaching transformative practice and meditation. He has a three DVD set out titled The Alchemy of Qi Gong (Sacred Mysteries) that recently won acclaim from The Coalition of Visionary Resources awards.
Rishi Yoga: Movement Meditation Practices of the Himalayan Sages
by Pierre BonnasseA step-by-step guide to a powerful yet simple practice to make every moment an act of meditation and connect to the joy within • Details the simple practices of Rishi Yoga: easy physical movements, done slowly and with full awareness, combined with breathing exercises, sensory perception, concentration, and meditation • Explains how the practices work progressively to allow you to tune in to your body and cellular memory, facilitate concentration, and cultivate self-awareness • Reveals how to integrate Rishi Yoga into daily life to make every moment an act of meditation and access the peace and joy inherent within each of us In this detailed guide, yoga and meditation teacher Pierre Bonnasse reveals the simple movement, breathing, and awareness techniques of the Rishi Yoga tradition, passed down through generations of yogis in the Himalayas. He shows how to integrate Rishi Yoga into daily life for discovering and recognizing the Universal Self, or Pure Awareness, and unveiling the peace and joy inherent in each of us. The author begins by detailing the foundational practices of Rishi Yoga: easy physical movements, done slowly and with full awareness, combined with breathing exercises, sensory perception, and concentration. These moving-meditation exercises are physically simple enough to be performed seated, standing, or lying down and work progressively to allow you to tune in to your energetic body centers and cultivate a natural and effortless sense of self-awareness, which is the hallmark of Rishi Yoga, in every situation and at every moment. The author explores how Rishi Yoga trains us to become receptive to all levels of being--the physical body, emotional body, and subtle body--and enables access to tissue-level awareness and cellular memory. He also looks at this dynamic meditation&’s rapport with traditional forms of yoga, such as Raja Yoga, Jnana Yoga, Hatha Yoga, and Yoga Nidra, and with the philosophy of nonduality, Advaita Vedanta, and modern methods of mindfulness. The author explains how, as Rishi Yoga advances you from personal awareness to a state of universal consciousness, it also becomes more and more integrated into the ordinary activities of daily life, making every moment--from the time you wake up to the time you fall asleep--an act of meditation, active perception, undivided attention, and expanded awareness. And once the practice of Rishi Yoga has permeated all facets of your waking life, it brings the realization that true happiness or Enlightenment is neither a state nor an experience to attain or acquire; it is an ever-present reality to be recognized behind every thought, emotion, speech, and action--the &“ultimate Bliss&” described by the ancient Indian scriptures.
Risible: Laughter without Reason and the Reproduction of Sound
by Delia CasadeiA free ebook version of this title is available through Luminos, University of California Press’s Open Access publishing program. Visit www.luminosoa.org to learn more.Risible explores the forgotten history of laughter, from ancient Greece to the sitcom stages of Hollywood. Delia Casadei approaches laughter not as a phenomenon that can be accounted for by studies of humor and theories of comedy but rather as a technique of the human body, knowable by its repetitive, clipped, and proliferating sound and its enduring links to the capacity for language and reproduction. This buried genealogy of laughter re-emerges with explosive force thanks to the binding of laughter to sound reproduction technology in the late nineteenth century. Analyzing case studies ranging from the early global market for phonographic laughing songs to the McCarthy-era rise of prerecorded laugh tracks, Casadei convincingly demonstrates how laughter was central to the twentieth century’s development of the very category of sound as not-quite-human, unintelligible, reproductive, reproducible, and contagious.
Risikoadaptierte Prävention: Governance Perspective für Leistungsansprüche bei genetischen (Brustkrebs-)Risiken (essentials)
by Matthias Braun Friedhelm Meier Anke Harney Kerstin Rhiem Anja Neumann Silke Neusser Jürgen Wasem Rita Schmutzler Stefan Huster Peter DabrockDie vorliegende Studie empfiehlt, Leistungsansprüche für Personen mit interventionsfordernden (Brustkrebs-)Risiken anhand einer neuen Rechtskategorie, der ‚risikoadaptieren Prävention‘, abzubilden. Spätestens seit dem bioinformatischen Innovationsschub (Big Data) kann eine risikoadaptierte Anwendung von prophylaktischen Maßnahmen umfassend gewährleistet werden. Jedoch können die gegebenen Rechtskategorien (primäre Prävention, Vorsorge, Krankenbehandlung) das medizinische Anwendungsfeld nicht adäquat steuern.Die Autoren Friedhelm Meier, Anke Harney, Kerstin Rhiem, Anja Neumann, Silke Neusser, Matthias Braun, Jürgen Wasem, Rita Schmutzler, Stefan Huster und Peter Dabrock haben zusammen im BMBF geförderten Projekt SYSKON. Re-Konfiguration von Gesundheit und Krankheit. Ethische, psychosoziale, rechtliche und gesundheitsökonomische Herausforderungen der Systemmedizin die vorliegende Governance Perspective erarbeitet.
Risikopolitik: Eine Einführung (Elemente der Politik)
by Florian P. KühnDieses Lehrbuch führt ein in die politischen Zusammenhänge der Wahrnehmung von Risiken, des politischen Umgangs mit ihnen und in die gesellschaftswissenschaftlichen Möglichkeiten, diese Politik zu analysieren. Neben der Frage, welche Risiken existieren und wie ihnen begegnet werden kann, thematisiert das Buch die Kategorien, nach denen Risiken erkannt und in der Öffentlichkeit diskutiert werden. Es zeigt, wie Risiken verstanden werden können, wie ihnen begegnet wird sowie welchen Bedingungen organisierter Herrschaft Risikopolitik entspringt. An den Beispielen Krieg, Gesundheit, Terrorismus und Entwicklungspolitik wird veranschaulicht, welche Auswirkungen Risikoerwägungen auf internationale Politik ebenso wie auf gesellschaftliche Prozesse haben.
Risk Management Technologies
by E. D. SolozhentsevThis book presents intellectual, innovative, information technologies (I3-technologies) based on logical and probabilistic (LP) risk models. The technologies presented here consider such models for structurally complex systems and processes with logical links and with random events in economics and technology. The volume describes the following components of risk management technologies: LP-calculus; classes of LP-models of risk and efficiency; procedures for different classes; special software for different classes; examples of applications; methods for the estimation of probabilities of events based on expert information. Also described are a variety of training courses in these topics. The classes of risk models treated here are: LP-modeling, LP-classification, LP-efficiency, and LP-forecasting. Particular attention is paid to LP-models of risk of failure to resolve difficult economic and technical problems. Amongst the discussed procedures of I3-technologies are the construction of LP-models, LP-identification of risk models; LP-risk analysis, LP-management and LP-forecasting of risk. The book further considers LP-models of risk of invalidity of systems and processes in accordance with the requirements of ISO 9001-2008, LP-models of bank operational risks in accordance with the requirements of Basel-2, complex risk LP-models for preventing ammunition depot explosions, enterprise electric power supply systems, debugging tests of technical systems, etc. The book also considers LP-models of credit risks, securities portfolios, operational risks in banking, conteraction of bribes and corruption, etc. A number of applications is given to show the effectiveness of risk management technologies. In addition, topics of lectures and practical computer exercises intended for a two-semester course "Risk management technologies" are suggested.
Risk Theory: Rational Decision in the Face of Chance, Uncertainty, and Risk (SpringerBriefs in Philosophy)
by Nicholas RescherApart from its foray into technical issues of risk assessment and management, this book has one principal aim. With situations of chancy outcomes certain key factors—including outcome possibilities, overall expectation, threat, and even luck—are measurable parameters. But risk is something different: it is not measurable a single parametric quantity, but a many-sided factor that has several different components, and constitutes a complex phenomenon that must be assessed judgmentally in a highly contextualized way. This book explains and analyzes how this works out in practice.Topics in this work include choice and risk, chance and likelihood, as well as outcome-yield evaluation and risk. It takes into account abnormal situations and eccentric measurements, situational evaluation and expectation and scrutinizes the social aspect of risk. The book is of interest to logicians, philosophers of mathematics, and researchers of risk assessment. The project is a companion piece to the author's LUCK THEORY, also published by Springer.
Risk and Rationality: Philosophical Foundations for Populist Reforms
by K. S. Shrader-FrechetteThis title is part of UC Press's Voices Revived program, which commemorates University of California Press’s mission to seek out and cultivate the brightest minds and give them voice, reach, and impact. Drawing on a backlist dating to 1893, Voices Revived makes high-quality, peer-reviewed scholarship accessible once again using print-on-demand technology. This title was originally published in 1991.
Risk and Responsibility in Context (Routledge Studies in Ethics and Moral Theory)
by Adriana Placani Stearns BroadheadThis volume bridges contemporary philosophical conceptions of risk and responsibility and offers an extensive examination of the topic. It shows that risk and responsibility combine in ways that give rise to new philosophical questions and problems. Philosophical interest in the relationship between risk and responsibility continues to rise, due in no small part due to environmental crises, emerging technologies, legal developments, and new medical advances. Despite such interest, scholars are just now working out how to conceive of the links between risk and responsibility, the implications that risks may have to conceptions of responsibility (and vice versa), as well as how such theorizing might play out in applied cases. With contributions from leading scholars, this volume brings together new work examining the interplay between risk and responsibility, exploring its varied philosophical aspects and applications to contemporary issues in law, bioethics, technology, and environmental ethics. Risk and Responsibility in Context will be of interest to philosophers working in ethics, bioethics, philosophy of law, and philosophy of technology, as well as scholars and practitioners in law, health and science management, public policy, and environmental studies.