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Sellars and Davidson in Dialogue: Truths, Meanings, and Minds (Routledge Studies in American Philosophy)
by Willem A. deVries and Marc A. JosephWilfrid Sellars and Donald Davidson were two of the most influential American philosophers of the 20th century. This volume explores the deep similarities and differences between these two philosophers.Both Sellars and Davidson worked through the mid-to-late 20th-century re-evaluation of the empiricist inheritance that shaped what became analytic philosophy, and both are critical of key elements of that picture. In the broadest terms, both philosophers challenge the solipsistic, mentalistic conception of knowledge and meaning that informs the tradition and set in its place systems of interrelated views that prioritize a holistic and social conception of mind, action, and language. At the same time, there are several differences in method and philosophical semantics that divide Sellars and Davidson. The chapters in this volume address the deep relations of Sellars’ and Davidson’s views on mind, language, and knowledge. They demonstrate how, despite coming from different assumptions and methodologies, Sellars and Davidson converge on a view that essentially erases the philosophy of language as a separate discipline and embeds it in the philosophy of action.Sellars and Davidson in Dialogue will appeal to scholars and advanced students interested in the history of analytic philosophy, epistemology, philosophy of language, and philosophy of mind.
Sellars and the History of Modern Philosophy (Routledge Studies in American Philosophy)
by Antonio M. Nunziante Luca. CortiThis edited volume systematically addresses the connection between Wilfrid Sellars and the history of modern philosophy, exploring both the content and method of this relationship. It intends both to analyze Sellars’ position in relation to singular thinkers of the modern tradition, and to inquire into Sellars’ understanding of philosophy as a field in reflective and constructive conversation with its past. The chapters in Part I cover Sellars’ interpretation and use of Descartes, Leibniz, Hume, Kant, and Hegel. Part II features essays on his relationship with Peirce, Frege, Carnap, Wittgenstein, American pragmatism, behaviorism, and American realism, particularly his father, Roy Wood. Sellars and the History of Modern Philosophy features original contributions by many of the most renowned Sellars scholars throughout the world. It offers an exhaustive survey of Sellars’ views on the historical antecedents and meta-philosophical aspects of his thought.
Selling a ‘Just’ War
by Michael J. ButlerButler sheds light on how American political leaders sell the decision to intervene with military force to the public and how a just war frame is employed in US foreign policy. He provides three post-Cold War examples of foreign policy crises: the Persian Gulf War (1990-91), Kosovo (1999), and Afghanistan (2001).
Sells like Teen Spirit: Music, Youth Culture, and Social Crisis
by Ryan MooreThis account of modern rock music &“skillfully articulates the brutal social truths that compel young people to create meaning and subculture out of chaos&” (Donna Gaines, author of Teenage Wasteland). In Sells Like Teen Spirit, Ryan Moore tells the story of how music and youth culture have changed along with the economic, political, and cultural transformations of American society over four decades. By attending concerts, hanging out in dance clubs and after-hour bars, and examining the do-it-yourself music scene, Moore gives a riveting, first-hand account of the sights, sounds, and smells of &“teen spirit.&” Moore traces the histories of punk, hardcore, heavy metal, glam, thrash, alternative rock, grunge, and riot grrrl music, and relates them to wider social changes that have taken place. Alongside the thirty images of concert photos, zines, flyers, and album covers in the book, Moore offers original interpretations of the music of a wide range of bands including Black Sabbath, Black Flag, Metallica, Nirvana, and Sleater-Kinney. Written in a lively, witty style, Sells Like Teen Spiritsuggests a more hopeful attitude about the ways that music can be used as a counter to an overly commercialized culture, showcasing recent musical innovations by youth that emphasize democratic participation and creative self-expression—even at the cost of potential copyright infringement. &“Brilliantly situates the histories of several musical styles within the political, economic, and social changes that led to the development of an assortment of rock subgenres . . . engaging.&” —Journal of Youth and Adolescence
Selves in Discord and Resolve: Kierkegaard's Moral-Religious Psychology From Either/Or to Sickness Unto Death
by Edward MooneyIn Selves in Discord and Resolve, Edward Mooney examines the Wittgensteinian and deconstructive accounts of subjectivity to illuminate the rich legacy left by Kierkegaard's representation of the self in modes of self-understanding and self-articulation. Mooney situates Kierkegaard in the context of a post-Nietzschean crisis of individualism, and evokes the Socratric influences on Kierkegaard's thinking and shows how Kierkegaard's philsophy relies upon the Socratic care for the soul. He examines Kierkegaard's work on Judge Wilhelm, from Either/Or, Socrates, in the Postscript and Abraham and Job in Repetition and Fear and Trembling.
Semantic Externalism (New Problems of Philosophy)
by Jesper KallestrupSemantic externalism is the view that the meanings of referring terms, and the contents of beliefs that are expressed by those terms, are not fully determined by factors internal to the speaker but are instead bound up with the environment. The debate about semantic externalism is one of the most important but difficult topics in philosophy of mind and language, and has consequences for our understanding of the role of social institutions and the physical environment in constituting language and the mind. In this long-needed book, Jesper Kallestrup provides an invaluable map of the problem. Beginning with a thorough introduction to the theories of descriptivism and referentialism and the work of Frege and Kripke, Kallestrup moves on to analyse Putnam’s Twin Earth argument, Burge’s arthritis argument and Davidson’s Swampman argument. He also discusses how semantic externalism is at the heart of important topics such as indexical thoughts, epistemological skepticism, self-knowledge, and mental causation. Including chapter summaries, a glossary of terms, and an annotated guide to further reading, Semantic Externalism an ideal guide for students studying philosophy of language and philosophy of mind.
Semantic Intelligence: Select Proceedings of ISIC 2022 (Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering #964)
by Sven Groppe Bharat K. Bhargava Sarika JainThis book constitutes refereed proceedings of the 2nd International Semantic Intelligence Conference (ISIC 2022). This book covers a wide range of topics, including semantic web engineering, ontology-based data access, multimodal and multilingual access, machine-to-machine communications and interoperability, knowledge extraction and ontology learning from the web, computational paradigms and computational intelligence, distributed and mobile systems, and many others. This book includes novel contributions and the latest developments from researchers across industry and academia. This book serves as a valuable reference resource for academics and researchers across the globe.
Semantic Keyword-Based Search on Structured Data Sources: COST Action IC1302 Second International KEYSTONE Conference, IKC 2016, Cluj-Napoca, Romania, September 8–9, 2016, Revised Selected Papers (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #10151)
by Andrea Calì Dorian Gorgan Martín UgarteThis book constitutes the thoroughly refereed post-conference proceedings of the Second COST Action IC1302 International KEYSTONE Conference on Semantic Keyword-Based Search on Structured Data Sources, IKC 2016, held in Cluj-Napoca, Romania, in September 2016. The 15 revised full papers and 2 invited papers are reviewed and selected from 18 initial submissions and cover the areas of keyword extraction, natural language searches, graph databases, information retrieval techniques for keyword search and document retrieval.
Semantic Technology: 7th Joint International Conference, JIST 2017, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia, November 10-12, 2017, Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #10675)
by Zhe Wang Anni-Yasmin Turhan Kewen Wang Xiaowang ZhangThis book constitutes the thoroughly refereed proceedings of the 7th Joint International Semantic Technology Conference, JIST 2017, held in Goldcoast, QLD, Australia, in November 2017. The 19 full papers and 4 short papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 37 submissions. They present applications of semantic technologies, theoretical results, new algorithms and tools to facilitate the adoption of semantic technologies and are organized in topical sections on ontology and data management; ontology reasoning; linked data and query; information retrieval and knowledge discovery; knowledge graphs; and applications of semantic technologies.
Semantic Technology: 8th Joint International Conference, JIST 2018, Awaji, Japan, November 26–28, 2018, Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #11341)
by Kouji Kozaki Dongyan Zhao Freddy Lecue Ryutaro Ichise Takahiro Kawamura Stephen MuggletonThis book constitutes the thoroughly refereed proceedings of the 8th Joint International Semantic Technology Conference, JIST 2018, held in Awaji, Japan, in November 2018. The 23 full papers and 6 short papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 75 submissions. They present applications of semantic technologies, theoretical results, new algorithms and tools to facilitate the adoption of semantic technologies and are organized in topical sections on knowledge graphs; data management; question answering and NLP; ontology and reasoning; government open data; and semantic web for life sciences.
Semantic Technology: 9th Joint International Conference, JIST 2019, Hangzhou, China, November 25–27, 2019, Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #12032)
by Xin Wang Francesca Alessandra Lisi Guohui Xiao Elena BotoevaThis book constitutes the thoroughly refereed proceedings of the 9th Joint International Semantic Technology Conference, JIST 2019, held in Hangzhou, China, in November 2019. The 24 full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 70 submissions. They present applications of semantic technologies, theoretical results, new algorithms and tools to facilitate the adoption of semantic technologies and are organized in topical sections on knowledge graphs; data management; question answering and NLP; ontology and reasoning; government open data; and semantic web for life sciences.
Semantic Under-determinacy and Communication
by D. BelleriCombining a fresh, previously unexplored view of the subject with a detailed overview of the past and ongoing philosophical discussion on the matter, this book investigates the phenomenon of semantic under-determinacy by seeking an answer to the questions of how it can be explained, and how communication is possible despite it.
Semantics and Truth (Logic, Epistemology, and the Unity of Science #45)
by Jan WoleńskiThe book provides a historical (with an outline of the history of the concept of truth from antiquity to our time) and systematic exposition of the semantic theory of truth formulated by Alfred Tarski in the 1930s. This theory became famous very soon and inspired logicians and philosophers. It has two different, but interconnected aspects: formal-logical and philosophical. The book deals with both, but it is intended mostly as a philosophical monograph. It explains Tarski’s motivation and presents discussions about his ideas (pro and contra) as well as points out various applications of the semantic theory of truth to philosophical problems (truth-criteria, realism and anti-realism, future contingents or the concept of correspondence between language and reality).
Semantics and the Body: Meaning from Frege to the Postmodern
by Horst RuthrofIn traditional semantics, the human body tends to be ignored in the process of constructing meaning. Horst Ruthrof argues, by contrast, that the body is an integral part of this hermeneutic activity. Strictly language-based theories, and theories which conflate formal and natural languages, run into problems when they describe how we communicate in cultural settings. Semantics and the Body proposes that language is no more than a symbolic grid which does not signify at all unless it is brought to life by non-linguistic signs.Ruthrof reviews and analyses various 'orthodox' theories of meaning, from the views of Gottlob Frege at the beginning of the twentieth century to those of theorists in the postmodern period, then offers an alternative approach of his own. His theory features 'corporeal semantics,' and holds that meaning has ultimately to do with the body and that the meaning of linguistic expressions is indeterminate without the aid of visual, tactile, olfactory, and other bodily signs. This approach also remedies what Ruthrof sees also as a loss of interpretive will in the postmodern era.Pedagogy in many fields could be enriched by a systemic integration of non-verbal semiosis into the linguistically dominated syllabus. Those involved in discourse analysis, literature, art criticism, film theory, pedagogy, and philosophy will find the implications of Ruthrof's study considerable.
Semantics and the Ontology of Number (Elements in the Philosophy of Mathematics)
by Eric SnyderWhat are the meanings of number expressions, and what can they tell us about questions of central importance to the philosophy of mathematics, specifically 'Do numbers exist?' This Element attempts to shed light on this question by outlining a recent debate between substantivalists and adjectivalists regarding the semantic function of number words in numerical statements. After highlighting their motivations and challenges, I develop a comprehensive polymorphic semantics for number expressions. I argue that accounting for the numerous meanings and how they are related leads to a strengthened argument for realism, one which renders familiar forms of nominalism highly implausible.
Semantics, Logics, and Calculi
by Christian W. Probst Chris Hankin René Rydhof HansenThis Festschrift volume is published in honorof Hanne Riis Nielson and Flemming Nielson on the occasion of their 60thbirthdays in 2014 and 2015, respectively. The papers included in this volumedeal with the wide area of calculi, semantics, and analysis. The book features contributions fromcolleagues, who have worked together with Hanne and Flemming through theirscientific life and are dedicated to them and to their work. The papers werepresented at a colloquium at the Technical University of Denmark in January2016.
Semantik und Moralität: Zum Unterschied zwischen dem menschlichen und dem maschinellen epistemischen Zugang zur Welt
by Antonio BikićMuss man eine Situation verstanden haben, um in ihr moralisch handeln zu können? Dieser Frage widmet sich der Autor mit Bezug auf Maschinen, die mit Künstlicher Intelligenz betrieben werden, jedoch die Probleme, die sie lösen, nicht verstehen: Reinforcement-Learning-Agenten. Aktuell werden viele Konzepte im Kontext der Künstlichen Intelligenz genutzt, hinter denen eine lange Entwicklungsgeschichte steht. Diese Konzepte werden zunächst historisch und systematisch aufgearbeitet bzw. eingeordnet. Der Fokus liegt allerdings auf den rezenten Ansätzen zur Umsetzung Künstlicher Intelligenz, insbesondere auf dem subsymbolischen Machine-Learning-Ansatz. Dabei ist die Frage zentral, ob eine Maschine tatsächlich von Normen geleitet werden kann, wenn sie zur Gänze auf Elimination von Bedeutung setzt, um funktionieren zu können.
Semblance and Event
by Brian MassumiEvents are always passing; to experience an event is to experience the passing. But how do we perceive an experience that encompasses the just-was and the is-about-to-be as much as what is actually present? In Semblance and Event, Brian Massumi, drawing on the work of William James, Alfred North Whitehead, Gilles Deleuze, and others, develops the concept of "semblance" as a way to approach this question. It is, he argues, a question of abstraction, not as the opposite of the concrete but as a dimension of it: "lived abstraction. " A semblance is a lived abstraction. Massumi uses the category of the semblance to investigate practices of art that are relational and event-oriented--variously known as interactive art, ephemeral art, performance art, art intervention--which he refers to collectively as the "occurrent arts. " Massumi argues that traditional art practices, including perspective painting, conventionally considered to be object-oriented freeze frames, also organize events of perception, and must be considered occurrent arts in their own way. Each art practice invents its own kinds of relational events of lived abstraction, to produce a signature species of semblance. The artwork's relational engagement, Massumi continues, gives it a political valence just as necessary and immediate as the aesthetic dimension. Massumi investigates occurrent art practices in order to examine, on the broadest level, how the aesthetic and the political are always intertwined in any creative activity.
Semblance and Event: Activist Philosophy and the Occurrent Arts (Technologies of Lived Abstraction)
by Brian MassumiAn investigation of the “occurrent arts” through the concepts of the “semblance” and “lived abstraction.”Events are always passing; to experience an event is to experience the passing. But how do we perceive an experience that encompasses the just-was and the is-about-to-be as much as what is actually present? In Semblance and Event, Brian Massumi, drawing on the work of William James, Alfred North Whitehead, Gilles Deleuze, and others, develops the concept of “semblance” as a way to approach this question. It is, he argues, a question of abstraction, not as the opposite of the concrete but as a dimension of it: “lived abstraction.” A semblance is a lived abstraction. Massumi uses the category of the semblance to investigate practices of art that are relational and event-oriented—variously known as interactive art, ephemeral art, performance art, art intervention—which he refers to collectively as the “occurrent arts.” Each art practice invents its own kinds of relational events of lived abstraction, to produce a signature species of semblance. The artwork's relational engagement, Massumi continues, gives it a political valence just as necessary and immediate as the aesthetic dimension.
Semi-Secular Worldviews and the Belief in Something Beyond (Elements in Global Philosophy of Religion)
by Carl-Johan Palmqvist Francis JonbäckAn increasingly large part of the population in the West identifies as religious Nones. Contrary to what might be assumed, most of them are not outright atheists. They reject traditional religion, but many pursue different forms of spirituality, and many entertain supernatural ideas. This Element concerns the worldview of these 'semi-secular' Nones. When asked about whether they believe in God, they usually provide answers like 'Perhaps not God per se, but I do believe in something'. Belief in 'somethin' is the ontological cornerstone of many Nones' worldviews. The authors reconstruct it as the view 'Somethingism'. They assess Somethingism by inquiring how well it stands up to the epistemic challenge of being true to the demands of reason. They also assess it by exploring how it manages the existential challenge of providing comfort and guidance in this life, and its ability to align us with any transcendent reality there might be.
Semigroups in Complete Lattices: Quantales, Modules and Related Topics (Developments in Mathematics #54)
by Patrik Eklund Javier Gutiérrez García Ulrich Höhle Jari KortelainenThis monograph provides a modern introduction to the theory of quantales. First coined by C.J. Mulvey in 1986, quantales have since developed into a significant topic at the crossroads of algebra and logic, of notable interest to theoretical computer science. This book recasts the subject within the powerful framework of categorical algebra, showcasing its versatility through applications to C*- and MV-algebras, fuzzy sets and automata. With exercises and historical remarks at the end of each chapter, this self-contained book provides readers with a valuable source of references and hints for future research. This book will appeal to researchers across mathematics and computer science with an interest in category theory, lattice theory, and many-valued logic.
Semiotic Agency: Science beyond Mechanism (Biosemiotics #25)
by Alexei Sharov Morten TønnessenThis book invites readers to embark on a journey into the world of agency encompassing humans, other organisms, cells, intracellular molecular agents, colonies, populations, ecological systems, and artificial autonomous systems. We combine mechanistic and non-mechanistic approaches in the analysis of the function and evolution of organisms, their subagents, and multi-organism systems, and in this way offer a theoretical platform for integrating biosemiotics with both natural science and the humanities/social sciences. Agents are autonomous systems that incorporate knowledge on how to make sense of their environment and use it to achieve their goals. The functions of all agents are supported by mechanisms at the lowest level; however, the explanatory power of mechanistic analysis is not sufficient for complex agents. Non-mechanistic methods rely on the goal-directedness of agents whose dynamics follow self-stabilized dynamic attractors. The properties of attractors depend on stable or slowly changing factors, and such dependencies can be interpreted as sign relations if they are adaptive in nature. Agents can replace or redirect mechanisms on demand in order to preserve their functions; for performing higher-level semiotic functions, mechanisms are thus only means. We assume that mechanism and semiosis are not mutually exclusive, and that simple agents can interpret signs mechanistically. This assumption allows us to extend semiotic analysis to all agents, including ribosomes in cells, computers, and robots. This book challenges established traditions in natural science and the humanities/social sciences: semiotics no longer appears as restricted to humans and rational thinking, and biology is no longer limited to rely exclusively on mechanistic reasoning.
Semiotic Perception and Dynamic Forms of Meaning (Lecture Notes in Morphogenesis)
by David Piotrowski Antonino Bondi Yves-Marie VisettiWhat do we mean by semiotic perception? Why should the concepts of perception and expressivity be reinterpreted within the encompassing framework of a dynamic theory of semiotic fields and forms? Can we redeploy the concept of form in such a way as to make explicit such a native solidarity (‘chiasmatic’ would have said Merleau-Ponty) between perception, praxis and expression -- and first and foremost in the activity of language, right to the heart of the life of the social and speaking animal that we are? What then would be the epistemological and ontological consequences, and how might this affect the way we describe semiolinguistic forms? This book aims to provide answers to these questions by opening up avenues of research on how to understand the linguistic and semiotic dimensions at work in the constitution of experience, both individual and collective.
Semiotic Perspectives (Routledge Library Editions: Semantics and Semiology)
by Sándor HerveyFirst published in 1982, this book looks at a wide variety of issues concerning the vast field of study that is ‘semiotics. It begins by tracing the beginnings of modern semiotics in the works two pioneering figures — Saussure and Peirce — in order to present fundamental assumptions, notions and distinctions which provide an essential background to the more recent developments. The author then goes on to look at Behavioural Semiotics, Luis Prieto’s idea of "l’Acte Semique", Austin’s theory of ‘Speech Acts’ and Searle’s elaborations, Barthes’ move away from philosophical and scientific approaches in his ideology of Socio-Cultural Signification, Functionalism and Axiomatic Functionalism, style as a form of communication, semiotics of the cinema, and communicative behaviour in non-human species.
Semiotic Theory and Sacramentality in Hugh of Saint Victor (Contemporary Theological Explorations in Mysticism)
by Ruben AngeliciThis book offers Hugh of Saint Victor’s early scholastic thoughts on sacrament in order to re-discover the pre-modern theological understanding of ontological signification. The Christian understanding of sacrament through the category of ‘signs’ results in a theology that inherently shares in the philosophical notion of semiotics. Yet, through the advent of post-structuralism, current sign-theory is effectively shaped by post-Kantian, ontological foundations. This can lead to misinterpretations of the sacramental theology that predates this intellectual turn. The book works within a context of Christological, realist mysticism. Such an approach allows mutually informing debates in semiotic development and studies on sacramental theology to sit side-by-side. In addition, as a work of ressourcement, influenced by the methodology and concerns of the historical, French Ressourcement, this study seeks to continue an engagement with some of the most promising sacramental positions that have emerged throughout twentieth-century theology, particularly with the revival of interest in Victorine theology. By providing an examination of sacramentality and theories of signification in the early scholastic theology of Hugh of Saint Victor, this book gives fresh impetus to the theology surrounding sacrament. As such, it will be of great interest to scholars of mysticism, theologians of sacrament, philosophical theologians, and philosophers of religion.