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Social Histories of Disability and Deformity: Bodies, Images and Experiences (Routledge Studies in the Social History of Medicine #Vol. 25)
by Kevin Stagg David M. TurnerCollecting together essays written by an international set of contributors, this book provides an important contribution to the emerging field of disability history. It explores changes in understandings of deformity and disability between the sixteenth and twentieth centuries, and reveal the ways in which different societies have conceptualised the normal and the pathological. Through a variety of case studies including: early modern birth defects, homosexuality, smallpox scarring, vaccination, orthopaedics, deaf education, eugenics, mental deficiency, and the experiences of psychologically scarred military veterans, this book provides new perspectives on the history of physical, sensory and intellectual anomaly. Examining changes over five centuries, it charts how disability was delineated from other forms of deformity and disfigurement by a clearer medical perspective. Essays shed light on the experiences of oppressed minorities often hidden from mainstream history, but also demonstrate the importance of discourses of disability and deformity as key cultural signifiers which disclose broader systems of power and authority, citizenship and exclusion. The diverse nature of the material in this book will make it relevant to scholars interested in cultural, literary, social and political, as well as medical, history.
Social Humanism: A New Metaphysics (Routledge Studies in Ethics and Moral Theory #18)
by Brian EllisIn this book, Ellis argues that moral and political objectives are not independent of one other, and so must be pursued in tandem. Social humanism is a moral and political philosophy that does just this. As a political philosophy, it justifies the implementation and maintenance of many of the characteristic social policies of welfare states. As a moral philosophy, it provides the foundation required for most human rights legislation. To this end, Ellis elaborates on the theory of social humanism and the need to reconsider the metaphysical foundations of morals. He develops the theory of social idealism as a meta-theory for both morals and social policy, exploring the global consequences of this new approach.
Social Identities Between the Sacred and the Secular (Ashgate Ahrc/esrc Religion And Society Ser.)
by Christopher R. Cotter Abby Day Giselle VincettFocusing on the important relationship between the 'sacred' and the 'secular', this book demonstrates that it is not paradoxical to think in terms of both secular and sacred or neither, in different times and places. International experts from a range of disciplinary perspectives draw on local, national, and international contexts to provide a fresh analytical approach to understanding these two contested poles. Exploring such phenomena at an individual, institutional, or theoretical level, each chapter contributes to the central message of the book - that the ’in between’ is real, embodied and experienced every day and informs, and is informed by, intersecting social identities. Social Identities between the Sacred and the Secular provides an essential resource for continued research into these concepts, challenging us to re-think where the boundaries of sacred and secular lie and what may lie between.
Social Inquiry After Wittgenstein and Kuhn
by John G. GunnellA distinctive feature of Ludwig Wittgenstein's work after 1930 was his turn to a conception of philosophy as a form of social inquiry, John G. Gunnell argues, and Thomas Kuhn's approach to the philosophy of science exemplified this conception
Social Inquiry After Wittgenstein and Kuhn: Leaving Everything as It Is
by John GunnellA distinctive feature of Ludwig Wittgenstein's work after 1930 was his turn to a conception of philosophy as a form of social inquiry, John G. Gunnell argues, and Thomas Kuhn's approach to the philosophy of science exemplified this conception. In this book, Gunnell shows how these philosophers address foundational issues in the social and human sciences, particularly the vision of social inquiry as an interpretive endeavor and the distinctive cognitive and practical relationship between social inquiry and its subject matter.Gunnell speaks directly to philosophers and practitioners of the social and human sciences. He tackles the demarcation between natural and social science; the nature of social phenomena; the concept and method of interpretation; the relationship between language and thought; the problem of knowledge of other minds; and the character of descriptive and normative judgments about practices that are the object of inquiry. Though Wittgenstein and Kuhn are often criticized as initiating a modern descent into relativism, this book shows that the true effect of their work was to undermine the basic assumptions of contemporary social and human science practice. It also problematized the authority of philosophy and other forms of social inquiry to specify the criteria for judging such matters as truth and justice. When Wittgenstein stated that "philosophy leaves everything as it is," he did not mean that philosophy would be left as it was or that philosophy would have no impact on what it studied, but rather that the activity of inquiry did not, simply by virtue of its performance, transform the object of inquiry.
Social Intelligence: The New Frontier of Integrating Human Intelligence and Artificial Intelligence in Social Space
by Yang Zhang Dong Wang Lanyu ShangGiven the rise of AI and the advent of online collaboration opportunities (e.g., social media, crowdsourcing), emerging research has started to investigate the integration of AI and human intelligence, especially in a collaborative social context. This creates unprecedented challenges and opportunities in the field of Social Intelligence (SI), where the goal is to explore the collective intelligence of both humans and machines by understanding their complementary strengths and interactions in the social space. In this book, a set of novel human-centered AI techniques are presented to address the challenges of social intelligence applications, including multimodal approaches, robust and generalizable frameworks, and socially empowered explainable AI designs. The book then presents several human-AI collaborative learning frameworks that jointly integrate the strengths of crowd wisdom and AI to address the limitations inherent in standalone solutions. The book also emphasizes pressing societal issues in the realm of social intelligence, such as fairness, bias, and privacy. Real-world case studies from different applications in social intelligence are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed solutions in achieving substantial performance gains in various aspects, such as prediction accuracy, model generalizability and explainability, algorithmic fairness, and system robustness.
Social Justice Art: A Framework for Activist Art Pedagogy
by Marit DewhurstIn this lively and groundbreaking book, arts educator Marit Dewhurst examines why art is an effective way to engage students in thinking about the role they might play in addressing social injustice. Based on interviews and observations of sixteen high schoolers participating in an activist arts class at a New York City museum, Dewhurst identifies three learning processes common to the act of creating art that have an impact on social justice: connecting, questioning, and translating. Noting that "one of the challenges of social justice art education has been the difficulty of naming effective strategies that can be used across multiple contexts," Dewhurst outlines core strategies for an "activist arts pedagogy" and offers concrete suggestions for educators seeking to incorporate activist art projects inside or outside formal school settings. Social Justice Art seeks to give common language to educators and others who are looking to expand and refine their practices in an emerging field, whether they work in art education, social justice programming, or youth development. "In a voice that is at once intimate and rigorous, subtle and discerning, skeptical and celebratory, Marit Dewhurst probes the layers and boundaries of what she calls the 'pedagogy of activist art.' Her voice plays in duet with those of the young artists whose discourses offer resistance and critique, insight and transparency, into the prevailing inequalities and injustices that divide and oppress their communities. Social Justice Art is a beautifully composed work of witness and wisdom, a practical and inspiring guide for practitioners, and an advance in theory and methodological innovation for researchers." --Sarah Lawrence-Lightfoot, Emily Hargroves Fisher Professor of Education, Harvard University, and author of The Essential Conversation
Social Justice Art: A Framework for Activist Art Pedagogy
by Marit DewhurstIn this lively and groundbreaking book, arts educator Marit Dewhurst examines why art is an effective way to engage students in thinking about the role they might play in addressing social injustice. Based on interviews and observations of sixteen high schoolers participating in an activist arts class at a New York City museum, Dewhurst identifies three learning processes common to the act of creating art that have an impact on social justice: connecting, questioning, and translating. Noting that &“one of the challenges of social justice art education has been the difficulty of naming effective strategies that can be used across multiple contexts,&” Dewhurst outlines core strategies for an &“activist arts pedagogy&” and offers concrete suggestions for educators seeking to incorporate activist art projects inside or outside formal school settings.Social Justice Art seeks to give common language to educators and others who are looking to expand and refine their practices in an emerging field, whether they work in art education, social justice programming, or youth development.
Social Justice Instruction
by Rosemary Papa Danielle M. Eadens Daniel W. EadensThis resource offers instructors a full palette of strategies for teaching social justice concepts across subject areas from kindergarten through college. Dividing its content between elementary, adolescent, and adult learners, the book analyzes the classroom experience as a powerful means of challenging stereotypes and supporting inclusion, respect, and equity. History, language arts, literature, and social studies, as well as mathematics and science are shown as platforms for tying critical thinking to moral behavior. And while professional development underlies all chapters in the text, special areas such as technology, curriculum design, recognizing student demographics, and raising social justice awareness in school culture are spotlighted. Among the topics covered: Reframing social justice for the adult learner. The politics of "being": faculty of color teaching social justice in the college classroom. Stories of social justice from the kindergarten classroom. Critical literacy and multicultural literature. The shaming: creating a curriculum that promotes socially-responsible online engagement. Literacy is a civil write: the art, science, and soul of transformative classrooms. For educators and education researchers involved in the field, Social Justice Instruction unlocks the potential for imparting progressive ideas along the educational spectrum. The strategies here model a humanist perspective that will serve learners both in and outside the classroom.
Social Justice Pedagogies: Multidisciplinary Practices and Approaches
by Katrina SarkSocial Justice Pedagogies provides a diverse and wide perspective into making education more robust and useful in light of global injustices and new challenges posed by new media and communication practices, media manipulation, right-wing populism, climate crisis, and intersectional discriminations. Meant to inspire readers to see learning and teaching from a wider perspective of justice, inclusion, equity, and creativity, it argues that relational and mindful approaches to teaching and learning in specific contexts, settings, and place-based experiences are essential in how we determine the value of education. The book draws on contributions from scholars and experts who incorporate social justice into their teaching practices in different disciplines in universities across Canada, the US, and Europe. Social Justice Pedagogies uniquely presents a wide interdisciplinary perspective on social justice in education practices in order to speak to the ways in which we all want to make our research, our classrooms, and our institutions more just. It argues that pedagogy, and specifically teaching and learning, constitutes a process of building relationships between people and knowledge by fostering a learning community.
Social Justice and Education in the 21st Century: Research from South Africa and the United States (Diversity and Inclusion Research)
by Vijay Reddy Willie Pearson Jr.The world is not an equal place. There are high- and low-income countries and high- and low-income households. For each group, there are differential educational opportunities, leading to differential educational outcomes and differential labor market opportunities. This pattern often reproduces the privileges and inequalities of groups in a society. This book explores this differentiation in education from a social justice lens. Comparing the United States and South Africa, this book analyzes each country’s developmental thinking on education, from human capital and human rights approaches, in both primary and higher education. The enclosed contributions draw from different disciplines including legal studies, sociology, psychology, computer science and public policy.
Social Justice in Action: Models for Campus and Community
by Neal A. LesterAddressing both veterans of justice work and novices seeking points of entry, the essays in this volume showcase practical approaches to diversity, equity, and inclusion: ways to build community, earn trust, tell unheard stories, and develop solutions to problems. Emphasizing values such as empathy, self-reflection, and integrity, the volume is rooted in humanities work but also features contributions from fields as diverse as the performing arts, architecture, and evolutionary biology and represents settings beyond the college campus, such as schools, libraries, museums, and prisons. While bringing insights from higher education, it critiques the system as well, exploring the ways that institutions reinforce power structures and exclude marginalized voices. Interspersed with the essays, brief reflections by activists and artists offer testimony and inspiration.
Social Justice in the Liberal State
by Bruce AckermanCertain to become the most important work in political theory since John Rawls's A Theory of Justice, this book presents a brilliantly original, compelling vision of a just society-a world in which each of us may live his own life in his own way without denying the same right to others. Full of provocative discussions of issues ranging from education to abortion, it makes fascinating reading for anyone concerned with the future of the liberal democratic state.
Social Justice, Education and Identity
by Carol VincentThis book answers key questions regarding social justice in education. Its central theme is how the education system, through its organization and practices, is implicated in the realisation of just or unjust social outcomes. In particular, the writers examine the ways in which the identities of individuals and groups are formed and transformed in schools, colleges and universities.The book contains examples drawn from early years through to higher education. It has a dual focus, addressing:* theoretical debates in social justice, including how the concept of social justice can be understood, and theoretical issues around social capital, and class and gender reproduction* the formation of learner identities focusing on how these are differentiated by class, ethnicity, gender, sexuality and (dis)ability.Carol Vincent has assembled a wide-ranging collection of lucidly argued essays by a panel of internationally respected contributors. The authors draw on their current and recent research to inform their writing and so theory is balanced with extensive empirical evidence. Therefore the debates continued here have implications for policy and practice, as well as being theoretically and analytically rich.This book will provide unrivalled coverage of the subject for researchers, academics, practitioners and policymakers in education.
Social Justice/Criminal Justice: Race and Class in the Administration of Criminal Law
by William C. HeffernanThis book builds on Heffernan's last book Rights and Wrongs: Rethinking the Foundations of Criminal Justice by examining the class and racial disparities at the heart of current law — disparities that, according to many, generate a system of criminal injustice. It argues that these disparities run throughout the legal system; they’re present in policing, corrections, and sentencing. It discusses the relationship between the two kinds of justice — social justice and criminal justice and how to ensure fairness in state-imposed punishment. It theorises the extent to which criminal law must address considerations of social justice to ensure a fair system. It proposes a framework for analyzing disparities, provides an overview of contemporary research concerning them, and offers reform proposals for addressing them. Written in an accessible way, it introduces readers to philosophical theory and doctrines in constitutional law and thus it speaks to a wide audience concerned about racial and class disparities in the criminal justice system. It responds to a half-century’s worth of public concern about the legitimacy of the state’s exercise of its penal power while explaining the pertinence of social justice principles to the criminal justice system.
Social Life Of The Chinese: With Some Account Of The Religious, Governmental, Educational, And Business Customs And Opinions. With Special But Not Exclusive Reference To Fuchchau
by DoolittleFirst Published in 2005. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.
Social Linguistics and Literacies: Ideology in Discourses (Critical Perspectives On Literacy And Education Ser.)
by James GeeThis fully-updated new edition engages with topics such as orality and literacy, the history of literacy, the uses and abuses of literacy in that history, the analysis of language as cultural communication, and social theories of mind and meaning, among many other topics. It represents the most current statement of a widely discussed and used theory about how language functions in society, a theory initially developed in the first edition of the book, and developed in this new edition in tandem with analytic techniques for the study of language and literacy in context, with special reference to cross-cultural issues in communities and schools. Built around a large number of specific examples, this new edition reflects current debates across the world about education and educational reform, the nature of language and communication, and the role of sociocultural diversity in schools and society. One of the core goals of this book, from its first edition on, has been to develop a new and more widely applicable vision of applied linguistics. It will be of interest to researchers, lecturers and students in education, linguistics, or any field that deals with language, especially in social or cultural terms.
Social Linguistics and Literacies: Ideology in Discourses (Critical Perspectives On Literacy And Education Ser.)
by James GeeIn its first edition, Social Linguistics and Literacies was a major contribution to the emerging interdisciplinary field of sociocultural approaches to language and literacy, and was one of the founding texts of the 'New Literacy Studies'. This book serves as a classic introduction to the study of language, learning and literacy in their social, cultural and political contexts. It shows how contemporary sociocultural approaches to language and literacy emerged and: Engages with topics such as orality and literacy, the history of literacy, the nature of discourse analysis and social theories of mind and meaning Explores how language functions in a society Surveys the notion of 'discourse' with specific reference to cross-cultural issues in communities and schools. This fifth edition offers an overview of the sociocultural approaches to language and literacy that coalesced into the New Literacy Studies. It also introduces readers to a particular style of analyzing language-in-use-in-society and develops a distinctive specific perspective on language and literacy centered on the notion of "Discourses". It will be of interest to researchers, lecturers and students in education, linguistics, or any field that deals with language, especially in social or cultural terms.
Social Media Use in University Studies (Numanities - Arts and Humanities in Progress #13)
by Jolita Sliogeriene Giedre Valunaite OleskevicieneThis book highlights the phenomenon of social media use in university studies based on its participants’ lived experience. It will appeal both to academics and practitioners interested in the human factors in the study environments saturated with technologies of social media. This book reveals multiple, sometimes contradictory dimensions of the phenomenon. The contradictions acquire a binary Janus-faced characteristic of uncertainty and paradox. Social media use in university studies also causes changes in experiencing time, space and relations. Teacher research participants sometimes perceive their time as stress or an additional load, which shows that social media use in university studies demands a new approach to teacher workload and its regulation. There is also the necessity of the sensitive democratic teacher—student pedagogical relationship. This book proves that the pedagogical relationship and human creativity essentially belong to the human living world and are still at the heart of the technological “cyborgian” existence.
Social Media and Music: The Digital Field of Cultural Production
by H. Cecilia SuhrThis book explores social networking sites as the digital field of cultural production by loosely drawing from Pierre Bourdieu’s notion of field and capital. The book examines four case studies on MySpace, YouTube, Second Life, and Indaba Music, and the roles and the impact they have on the music industry and musicians. In doing so, the author explores the groundbreaking developments that empower independent musicians and problematizes the emergence of a variety of issues symptomatic of social media environments at the height of convergence culture.
Social Media, Truth and the Care of the Self: On the Digital Technologies of the Subject
by Diana StypinskaThis book explores the relationship between (post)truth and subjectivity by focusing on social media as a site of digital subjectification. These days, truth is cheap. Anyone can claim it. Indeed, most do – impudently and without any recourse to facts or objective reality. Truth-claims today are nothing but power grabs, employed in the permanent popularity contest that our culture and politics have become. Correspondingly, our very sense of reality is perpetually uprooted. Post-truth sets us adrift. Navigating by smartphones, we pursue endless mirages, coming to wonder whether the shoreline itself is a myth. The book examines the ways in which different digital practices – such as influencing, trolling and digital activism – operate as technologies of the subject, shaping how we relate to ourselves, others and the world. It argues that social media facilitates the progressive eclipsing of our subjective (dis)positions by the economic imperative. Positioning post-truth as the outcome of unbridled economicization, it exposes the true costs of its supremacy. The critical reflections on the relationship between digital subjectification and the social offered by this book will be of relevance to academics and students working in the fields of sociology, media and cultural studies, politics, and philosophy.
Social Movements and the Change of Economic Elites in Europe after 1945 (Palgrave Studies in the History of Social Movements)
by Stefan Berger Marcel BoldorfThis book explores the changing nature of social movements and economic elites in post-Second World War Europe. In the years following 1945, Europe faced diverse challenges connected by the overriding question of how the reconstruction of the continent should proceed. For the Central Powers, the implementation lay in the hands of the Allied occupying forces who organised the process of denazification and the establishment of a new economic order. In countries without military occupation, there was a deep gap between the new governmental forces and the former collaborators. In both cases, social movements which were formed by anti-fascists on the left of the political spectrum assumed the task of social reorganisation. The chapters in this book explore the discourses about economic systems and their elites which moved to the fore across a range of European countries, uncovering who was involved, what resistance these social movements faced and how these ultimately failed in the West to bring about change, while in Eastern Europe Stalinism forcibly imposed change.
Social Movements in 1980s Sweden: Contention in the Welfare State (Palgrave Studies in the History of Social Movements)
by Helena Hill Andrés Brink PintoThis open access book discusses the emergence and development, and in some cases also the disappearance, of social movements and activism in Sweden during the 1980s. Its aim is to nuance and problematize the image of the 1980s as unilaterally dominated by right-wing politics and neoliberalism, as well as the idea of a conflict-free Scandinavian model. The 1980s have often been described as a period when the influence of radical-left movements during the 1970s diminished. Instead, this book argues that the 1980s was a decade in which new radical social movements emerged in opposition to the prevalent political order, including the nuclear disarmament movement, the women's movement, anti-fascist movements, and the punk and environmental movements. The authors also demonstrate how issues such as squatting, nuclear resistance, rent strikes and the environment, included a variety of contentious collective action. Sweden, therefore, presents an interesting example of how resistance and conflict in a strong welfare state have been influenced by contentious social movements. Placing Sweden within the wider context of Scandinavia and Europe, this edited collection makes an important contribution to the history of social movements.
Social Movements, Media and Civil Society in Contemporary India: Historical Trajectories of Public Protest and Political Mobilisation (Palgrave Studies in the History of Social Movements)
by Anindya Sekhar Purakayastha Manas Dutta Tirthankar GhoshThis book examines instances of transformative dissent, turning points or shifts in popular mobilisation patterns in contemporary India, while adopting a historical approach and analysing past events. Exploring the different continuities and discontinuities in mobilising patterns and dissident agency in India, the authors present a heterogeneous insurrectional pattern that pivoted around issues of caste, class, religion, land reform, labour, taxation and territorial control, with anti-colonialism movements becoming prominent in the first half of the twentieth century. The authors move beyond this to explore more recent templates of mobilisation which surfaced towards the end of the twentieth century, during India’s liberalisation period. With growing marketisation and technological advancement, unprecedented changes in social relations, growing economic opportunities and cultural transfusion taking place, the country became a ‘New India’ - one which aspired to be a global player in the wider technological public sphere. Tracing the historical trajectories of social movements in India, this book examines recent trends in digitised dissidence and explores new frontiers of protests, providing fresh insights for those researching the history of social movements, South Asian and Indian history and postcolonial studies.
Social Network Theory and Educational Change
by Alan J. DalySocial Network Theory and Educational Change offers a provocative and fascinating exploration of how social networks in schools can impede or facilitate the work of education reform. Drawing on the work of leading scholars, the book comprises a series of studies examining networks among teachers and school leaders, contrasting formal and informal organizational structures, and exploring the mechanisms by which ideas, information, and influence flow from person to person and group to group. The case studies provided in the book reflect a rich variety of approaches and methodologies, showcasing the range and power of this dynamic new mode of analysis. An introductory chapter places social network theory in context and explains the basic tools and concepts, while a concluding chapter points toward new directions in the field. Taken together, they make a powerful statement: that the success or failure of education reform ultimately is not solely the result of technical plans and blueprints, but of the relational ties that support or constrain the pace, depth, and direction of change. This unique volume provides an invaluable introduction to an emerging and increasingly important field of education research.