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Respect for Persons: A Philosophical Analysis of the Moral, Political and Religious Idea of the Supreme Worth of the Individual Person
by Robert (R. Downie Elizabeth TelferOriginally published in 1969, this book provides a sustained examination of the idea of the individual person as of supreme worth in the language of analytical philosophy. An important contribution to debates in moral philosophy, it will be of use to students in the philosophy of religion and education and to those who are interested in the contribution which philosophical analysis can make to the understanding of traditional moral and political ideas.
Respect for Thought: Jan Smedslund’s Legacy for Psychology (Theory and History in the Human and Social Sciences)
by Tobias G. Lindstad Erik Stänicke Jaan ValsinerThis book explores and provides an overview of the Norwegian psychologist Jan Smedslund's life work on Psycho-logic. His contributions to science have been radical not only in challenging the empirical foundation of psychology, but also in seeking to develop a viable alternative. This book brings together various reflections on his key contributions from the 1960s to the present day. The volume features three chapters by Jan Smedslund, offering his updated views on psychological science and psychotherapy. It also features contributions from several scholars that critically evaluates his legacy. His seminal ideas are discussed, revised and expanded upon and the questions raised are put in relevant historical and interdisciplinary context. Respect for Thought is a valuable resource for psychological researchers, historians of psychology, cultural psychologists, critical psychologists, theoretical psychologists, clinical psychologists and psychotherapists, social scientists, philosophers of psychology, and philosophers of science.
Respecting Animals: A Balanced Approach to Our Relationship with Pets, Food, and Wildlife
by David S. FavreA legal scholar and animal-rights expert argues for a practical approach to using animals respectfully.In this fresh approach to the animal rights debate, a legal scholar and expert on the humane treatment of animals argues for a middle ground between the extreme positions that often receive the most public attention. Professor Favre advocates an ethic of respectful use of animals, which finds it acceptable for humans to use animals within limited boundaries. He looks at various communities where humans and animals interact: homes, entertainment, commercial farms, local wildlife, and global wildlife. Balancing the interests of the animal against the interests of the human actor is considered in detail. The author examines the following questions, among others: Is it ethically acceptable to shoot your neighbor's dog for barking hours on end? Is it ethical for a zoo to keep a chimpanzee in an exhibit? Is it ethical to eat the meat of an animal? Finally, he discusses how good ethical outcomes can best be transported into the legal system. The author suggests the creation of a new legal category, living property, which would enhance the status of animals in the legal system. This thoughtful, well-argued, and elegantly written book provides readers with a comprehensive and practical context in which to consider their personal and social relationships with animals.
Respecting Truth: Willful Ignorance in the Internet Age
by Lee McIntyreThroughout history, humans have always indulged in certain irrationalities and held some fairly wrong-headed beliefs. But in his newest book, philosopher Lee McIntyre shows how we've now reached a watershed moment for ignorance in the modern era, due to the volume of misinformation, the speed with which it can be digitally disseminated, and the savvy exploitation of our cognitive weaknesses by those who wish to advance their ideological agendas. In Respecting Truth: Willful Ignorance in the Internet Age, McIntyre issues a call to fight back against this slide into the witless abyss. In the tradition of Galileo, the author champions the importance of using tested scientific methods for arriving at true beliefs, and shows how our future survival is dependent on a more widespread, reasonable world.
Resplandor
by Gustavo ArangoLa historia de un viaje que cambiará tu vida. A finales del siglo cuarto (399 d. C.), el monje chino Fa Hsien emprendió uno de los viajes más asombrosos de que se tenga noticia. Partió de Chang-han y, en compañía de otros monjes, se dirigió a la India en busca de los libros de disciplina del budismo. Los monjes bordearon la región del Tibet, atravesaron el desierto y siguieron hacia el Oeste, hasta lo que hoy son Afganistán y Pakistán. Luego descendieron a la región norte de la India y sur del Himalaya. Allí visitaron los lugares donde mil años atrás había transcurrido la vida de Siddhartha Gautama, el Buda.
Responding to Loss
by Robert MugerauerMuch recent philosophical work proposes to illuminate dilemmas of human existence with reference to the arts and culture, often to the point of submitting particular works to preconceived formulations. In this examination of three texts that respond to loss, Robert Mugerauer responds withclose, detailed readings that seek to clarify the particularity of the intense force such works bring forth. Mugerauer shows how, in the face of what is irrevocably taken away as well as of what continues to be given, the unavoidable task of interpretation is ours alone. Mugerauer examines works in three different forms that powerfully call on us to respond to loss: Cormac McCarthy's The Crossing, Daniel Libeskind's Jewish Museum Berlin, and Wim Wenders's film Wings of Desire. Explicating these difficult but rich works with reference to the thought of MartinHeidegger, Jean-Luc Marion, Hannah Arendt, and Emmanuel Levinas, the author helps us to experience the multiple and diverse ways in which all of us are opened to the saturated phenomena of loss, violence, witnessing, and responsibility.
Responding to Poverty and Disadvantage in Schools
by Tamara Bibby Ruth Lupton Carlo RaffoThis book explores a range of challenges teachers face in dealing with situations of disadvantage, and explores different ways of thinking about these situations. Starting with a variety of incidents written by teachers in schools in disadvantaged settings, the book provides a range of ways of thinking about these - some more psychological, others more sociological - and chapters develop conversations between teachers and academics. These 'conversations' will help teachers reflect more deeply on the contexts in which they work, on what disadvantage means, and how disadvantage manifests in practice. It will also help teachers reflect upon the nature of their work; what it means to be a good and effective teacher; and the particular skills, approaches, relationships and competencies that may need to be developed in differing settings of educational disadvantage. The book explores the tensions between different ways of thinking about education and disadvantage; it will make compelling reading for students and teachers of education, education policy makers, and practising schoolteachers.
Responding to the Sacred: An Inquiry into the Limits of Rhetoric
by Michael Bernard-Donals and Kyle JensenWith language we name and define all things, and by studying our use of language, rhetoricians can provide an account of these things and thus of our lived experience. The concept of the sacred, however, raises the prospect of the existence of phenomena that transcend the human and physical and cannot be expressed fully by language. The sacred thus reveals limitations to rhetoric.Featuring essays by some of the foremost scholars of rhetoric working today, this wide-ranging collection of theoretical and methodological studies takes seriously the possibility of the sacred and the challenge it poses to rhetorical inquiry. The contributors engage with religious rhetorics—Jewish, Jesuit, Buddhist, pagan—as well as rationalist, scientific, and postmodern rhetorics, studying, for example, divination in the Platonic tradition, Thomas Hobbes’s and Walter Benjamin’s accounts of sacred texts, the uncanny algorithms of Big Data, and Hélène Cixous’s sacred passages and passwords. From these studies, new definitions of the sacred emerge—along with new rhetorical practices for engaging with the sacred.This book provides insight into the relation of rhetoric and the sacred, showing the capacity of rhetoric to study the ineffable but also shedding light on the boundaries between them.
Responding to the Sacred: An Inquiry into the Limits of Rhetoric
by Michael Bernard-Donals and Kyle JensenWith language we name and define all things, and by studying our use of language, rhetoricians can provide an account of these things and thus of our lived experience. The concept of the sacred, however, raises the prospect of the existence of phenomena that transcend the human and physical and cannot be expressed fully by language. The sacred thus reveals limitations of rhetoric.Featuring essays by some of the foremost scholars of rhetoric working today, this wide-ranging collection of theoretical and methodological studies takes seriously the possibility of the sacred and the challenge it poses to rhetorical inquiry. The contributors engage with religious rhetorics—Jewish, Jesuit, Buddhist, pagan—as well as rationalist, scientific, and postmodern rhetorics, studying, for example, divination in the Platonic tradition, Thomas Hobbes’s and Walter Benjamin’s accounts of sacred texts, the uncanny algorithms of Big Data, and Hélène Cixous’s sacred passages and passwords. From these studies, new definitions of the sacred emerge—along with new rhetorical practices for engaging with the sacred.This book provides insight into the relation of rhetoric and the sacred, showing the capacity of rhetoric to study the ineffable but also shedding light on the boundaries between them.In addition to the editors, the contributors to this volume include Michelle Ballif, Jean Bessette, Trey Conner, Richard Doyle, David Frank, Daniel M. Gross, Kevin Hamilton, Cynthia Haynes, Steven Mailloux, James R. Martel, Jodie Nicotra, Ned O’Gorman, and Brooke Rollins.
Responses to Naturalism: Critical Perspectives from Idealism and Pragmatism (Routledge Studies in Contemporary Philosophy)
by Paul GiladiThis volume offers critical responses to philosophical naturalism from the perspectives of four different yet fundamentally interconnected philosophical traditions: Kantian idealism, Hegelian idealism, British idealism, and American pragmatism. In bringing these rich perspectives into conversation with each other, the book illuminates the distinctive set of metaphilosophical assumptions underpinning each tradition’s conception of the relationship between the human and natural sciences. The individual essays investigate the affinities and the divergences between Kant, Hegel, Collingwood, and the American pragmatists in their responses to philosophical naturalism. The ultimate aim of Responses to Naturalism is to help us understand how human beings can be committed to the idea of scientific progress without renouncing their humanistic explanations of the world. It will appeal to scholars interested in the role idealist and pragmatist perspectives play in contemporary debates about naturalism.
Responsibilisierung (Zürcher Begegnungen)
by Catrin Heite Veronika Magyar-Haas Clarissa SchärDer Band prüft den Begriff Responsibilisierung aus unterschiedlichen disziplinären Perspektiven auf seine Aktualität, sein analytisches Gewicht und seine theoretischen Bedeutungen und bringt so die Erziehungswissenschaft mit der Soziologie, der Philosophie oder der Geschichtswissenschaft ins Gespräch. Es wird sowohl danach gefragt, welche tragfähigen theoretischen, analytischen und politischen Perspektiven mit einer positiven Bezugnahme auf die Begriffe ‹Verantwortung› und ‹Responsibilisierung› verbunden sind, als auch danach, welche Kritiken angemessen erscheinen.
Responsibility and Judgment
by Hannah ArendtBest known as the author of The Origins of Totalitarianism, philosopher Hannah Arendt (1906-1975) spent much of her academic and writing career wrestling with questions of morality. This volume presents unpublished writings from the last decade of Arendt's life examining the nature of evil and moral choice and the connection between judgment and responsibility. Kohn provides background information on Arendt's life and ideas in the introduction. Annotation 2004 Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com)
Responsibility and Resistance: Ethics in Mediatized Worlds (Ethik in mediatisierten Welten)
by Tobias Eberwein Matthias Karmasin Friedrich Krotz Matthias RathThe volume deals with the normative challenges and the ethical questions imposed by, and through, the developments and changes in everyday life, culture and society in the context of media change. It is thus concerned with the questions of whether and how the central concept of (enlightened) ethics must evolve under these premises – or in other words: what form do ethics take in mediatized societies? In order to address this question and to stimulate and initiate a debate, the authors focus on two concepts: responsibility and resistance. Their contributions try to shed light not only on the empirical shreds of evidence of change in mediatized societies, but also on the normative challenges and ethical possibilities of these developments.
Responsibility and the Moral Sentiments
by R. Jay WallaceWe need to understand what we are doing when we hold people morally responsible, a stance that Wallace connects with a central class of moral sentiments, those of resentment, indignation and guilt. To hold someone responsible, he argues, is to be subject to these reactive emotions in one's dealings with that person. Developing this theme, he offers an interpretation of the reactive emotions and traces their role in our practices of blame and moral sanction.
Responsibility and the Moral Sentiments
by R. Jay WallaceR. Jay Wallace advances a powerful and sustained argument against the common view that accountability requires freedom of will. Instead, he maintains, the fairness of holding people responsible depends on their rational competence: the power to grasp moral reasons and to control their behavior accordingly. He shows how these forms of rational competence are compatible with determinism. At the same time, giving serious consideration to incompatibilist concerns, Wallace develops a compelling diagnosis of the common assumption that freedom is necessary for responsibility.
Responsibility Collapses: Why Moral Responsibility is Impossible (Routledge Studies in Ethics and Moral Theory)
by Stephen KershnarOur worldview assumes that people are morally responsible. Our emotions, beliefs, and values assume that a person is responsible for what she thinks and does, and that this is a good thing. This book argues that this worldview is false. It provides four arguments for this conclusion that build on the free will and responsibility literatures in original and insightful ways: 1. Foundation: No one is responsible because there is no foundation for responsibility. A foundation for responsibility is something for which a person is responsible but not by being responsible for something else. 2. Epistemic Condition: No one is responsible because no one fulfills the epistemic condition necessary for blameworthiness. 3. Internalism: If a person were responsible, then she would be responsible for, and only for, what goes on in her head. Most of the evidence for responsibility says the opposite. 4. Amount: No one is responsible because we cannot make sense of what makes a person more or less praiseworthy (or blameworthy). There is no other book that argues against moral responsibility based on foundationalism, the epistemic condition, and internalism and shows that these arguments cohere. The book’s arguments for internalism and quantifying responsibility are new to the literature. Ultimately, the book’s conclusions undermine our commonsense view of the world and the most common philosophical understanding of God, morality, and relationships. Responsibility Collapses: Why Moral Responsibility Is Impossible is essential reading for scholars and advanced students in philosophy, religious studies, and political science who are interested in debates about agency, free will, and moral responsibility.
Responsibility in Context
by Gorana OgnjenovicThis path breaking volume raises a number of necessary questions related to various aspects of responsibility for others through its multidisciplinary approach. Unlike its predecessors it takes a starting point in various empirical contexts and consequently draws conclusions from there on. The importance of the topic is reflected by absolute domination of neo-liberalism: facing a dismantling of the welfare state, privatization and the spread of "privatist" mentality in the era of individualization. The economic rationality sets the values that we are expected to live up to, reincarnating yet again the classical Frankfurt School diagnosis: politics are determined by economy. The importance of the method is reflected by taking real life situations as a starting point. In doing so, the method also challenges the current trend science generally where concepts are kidnapped from their native contexts, and recycled: re-used in contexts unnatural to them, where the only reality that matters is the one determined by the scientists' ability to define it. This volume rejects the neo-liberal paradigm of 'responsibility' as the only valid interpretation of reality. Therefore academics, undergraduate and graduate students, as well as general readers will find this volume thought provoking. "...the commitment to situating questions of responsibility in social contexts - this is something that is neglected in philosophy and only recently coming to the fore in sociology." Keith Tester, co-author of Bauman Before Postmodernity: Invitation, Conversations and Annotated Bibliography 1953-1989, author of The Social Thought of Zygmunt Bauman (2004), Conversations with Zygmunt Bauman (2001). "This project is an original and valuable contribution to discussion of these important issues,... a good text for graduate and senior undergraduate texts in political theory, political philosophy, moral philosophy, and social and political thought." Lorraine Code, author of Ecological Thinking, The Politics of Epistemic Location (2006); Encyclopaedia Of Feminist Theories (2000); Feminist Interpretations Of Hans-Georg Gadamer (2003).
Responsibility in Environmental Governance: Unwrapping the Global Food Waste Dilemma (Environmental Politics and Theory)
by Tobias GumbertThis book provides a comprehensive study of the notion of responsibility in environmental governance. It starts with the observation that, although the rhetoric of responsibility is indeed all-pervasive in environmental and sustainability-related fields, decisive political action is still lacking. Governance architectures increasingly strive to hold different stakeholders responsible by installing accountability and transparency mechanisms to manage environmental problems, yet the structural background conditions affecting these issues continue to generate unevenly distributed, socially unjust, and ecologically devastating consequences. Responsibility in Environmental Governance develops the concept of responsibility as an analytical approach to map and understand these dynamics and to situate diverse meanings of responsibility within larger socio-political contexts. It applies this approach to the study of food waste governance, uncovering a narrow governance focus on accountability, optimization, and consumer behavior change strategies, opening up spaces for organizing more democratic solutions to a truly global problem.
The Responsibility of Science (Studies in History and Philosophy of Science #57)
by Harald A. MiegThis open access book provides an overview of issues of scientific responsibility. The volume comprises three types of contributions: first, analyses of the responsibility of science; second, analyses of the structural conditions for science and its responsibility; and third, normative versions of scientific responsibility. The questions and problems dealt with include science as a profession, ambivalence of research and dual-use, innovation vs. precaution, notions of responsibility, the role of science within society and its relation to human rights, as well as scientific and public discourses. The book addresses scholars in the fields of Science Studies and Research Policy.This is an open access book.
The Responsibility of the Philosopher
by Gianni VattimoOver the course of his career, Gianni Vattimo has assumed a number of public and private identities and has pursued multiple intellectual paths. He seems to embody several contradictions, at once defending and questioning religion and critiquing and serving the state. Yet the diversity of his life and thought form the very essence of, as he sees it, the vocation and responsibility of the philosopher. In a world that desires quantifiable results and ideological expediency, the philosopher becomes the vital interpreter of the endlessly complex.As he outlines his ideas about the philosopher's role, Vattimo builds an important companion to his life's work. He confronts questions of science, religion, logic, literature, and truth, and passionately defends the power of hermeneutics to engage with life's conundrums. Vattimo conjures a clear vision of philosophy as something separate from the sciences and the humanities but also intimately connected to their processes, and he explicates a conception of truth that emphasizes fidelity and participation through dialogue.
Responsibility, privileged irresponsibility and response-ability: Higher Education, Coloniality and Ecological Damage (Palgrave Critical University Studies)
by Vivienne Bozalek Michalinos ZembylasThis book uses the overlapping approaches of political care ethics and feminist posthumanism as a lens to focus on the notions of privileged irresponsibility, responsibility and response-ability within the context of higher education and as it pertains to the issues of colonialism/decolonisation, pandemics and the climate crisis. The book will appeal to scholars in the field of higher education as well as to those in several other fields, such as ecology, gender studies, sociology, philosophy, and political science.
Responsibility, Rights, And Welfare: The Theory Of The Welfare State
by J Donald Moon J. Donald MoonThis book explores the social, historical, and philosophical bases of the welfare state. It examines the ways in which the welfare state gives expression to the deepest impulses and values of our way of life as it deals with the issues of poverty and social dislocation.
Responsible AI: Implementing Ethical and Unbiased Algorithms
by Sray Agarwal Shashin MishraThis book is written for software product teams that use AI to add intelligent models to their products or are planning to use it. As AI adoption grows, it is becoming important that all AI driven products can demonstrate they are not introducing any bias to the AI-based decisions they are making, as well as reducing any pre-existing bias or discrimination. The responsibility to ensure that the AI models are ethical and make responsible decisions does not lie with the data scientists alone. The product owners and the business analysts are as important in ensuring bias-free AI as the data scientists on the team. This book addresses the part that these roles play in building a fair, explainable and accountable model, along with ensuring model and data privacy. Each chapter covers the fundamentals for the topic and then goes deep into the subject matter – providing the details that enable the business analysts and the data scientists to implement these fundamentals. AI research is one of the most active and growing areas of computer science and statistics. This book includes an overview of the many techniques that draw from the research or are created by combining different research outputs. Some of the techniques from relevant and popular libraries are covered, but deliberately not drawn very heavily from as they are already well documented, and new research is likely to replace some of it.
Responsible and Sustainable Business: The Taoism's Perspective
by Liangrong ZuThis book claims that CSR is the Tao of sustainable enterprise development. It examines the intersection of practical wisdom of Taoism, CSR and Sustainability, looking at the theoretical and historical implications associated with a Taoist approach to CSR, sustainability and responsible leadership. Implications for sustainable enterprise development will be presented. The book analyzes perspectives found in Taoist classical texts and within the larger Chinese cultural context in order to delineate key issues found in the classical texts. Through these analyses, the book assesses the applicability of modern-day Taoism thought and practice in China and the West with respect to the contemporary sustainability situation. The book also explores the values, ideas and practices Taoism offers to inspire a new generation of leaders, and particularly business leaders to manage companies in a more social and sustainable way.
Responsible Brains: Neuroscience, Law, and Human Culpability
by William Hirstein Katrina L. Sifferd Tyler K. FaganAn examination of the relationship between the brain and culpability that offers a comprehensive neuroscientific theory of human responsibility. When we praise, blame, punish, or reward people for their actions, we are holding them responsible for what they have done. Common sense tells us that what makes human beings responsible has to do with their minds and, in particular, the relationship between their minds and their actions. Yet the empirical connection is not necessarily obvious. The “guilty mind” is a core concept of criminal law, but if a defendant on trial for murder were found to have serious brain damage, which brain parts or processes would have to be damaged for him to be considered not responsible, or less responsible, for the crime? What mental illnesses would justify legal pleas of insanity? In Responsible Brains, philosophers William Hirstein, Katrina Sifferd, and Tyler Fagan examine recent developments in neuroscience that point to neural mechanisms of responsibility. Drawing on this research, they argue that evidence from neuroscience and cognitive science can illuminate and inform the nature of responsibility and agency. They go on to offer a novel and comprehensive neuroscientific theory of human responsibility. The authors' core hypothesis is that responsibility is grounded in the brain's prefrontal executive processes, which enable us to make plans, shift attention, inhibit actions, and more. The authors develop the executive theory of responsibility and discuss its implications for criminal law. Their theory neatly bridges the folk-psychological concepts of the law and neuroscientific findings.