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Tiempo de magos: La gran década de la filosofía: 1919-1929
by Wolfram EilenbergerLa historia de cómo cuatro genios revolucionaron la filosofía y cambiaron nuestra forma de entender el mundo. «Un libro que no tendrá parangón en mucho tiempo. Engancha como un thriller y ayuda más a la comprensión de nuestro presente que ningún estudio sociológico.»Micha Brumlik, Die Tageszeitung Estamos en 1919. La guerra acaba de terminar. «El doctor Benjamin huye de su padre, el subteniente Wittgenstein comete un suicidio económico, el profesor auxiliar Heidegger abandona la fe y monsieur Cassirer trabaja en el tranvía para inspirarse.» Comienza una década de creatividad excepcional que cambiará para siempre el rumbo de las ideas en Europa. Los años veinte del siglo XX en Alemania dieron forma a nuestro pensamiento contemporáneo, y son el verdadero origen de nuestra moderna relación con el mundo. Entenderlos significa, de alguna manera, entendernos. Ludwig Wittgenstein, Walter Benjamin, Ernst Cassirer y Martin Heidegger, cuatro gigantes de todos los tiempos, lideraron esta revolución y elevaron el alemán a lengua del espíritu. Fue en una Alemania dividida entre las ganas de vivir y el abismo de la crisis económica, entre la lujuria de las noches berlinesas, las conspiraciones de la República de Weimar y la amenaza del nacionalsocialismo, donde encontraron su voz y su estilo. En Tiempo de magos, la vida cotidiana y los dilemas metafísicos son parte de la misma historia. Con un espléndido estilo narrativo, Eilenberger traza conexiones entre los modos de vida y las teorías de estos cuatro filósofos seductores y brillantes, guiados por la necesidad de responder a las preguntas clave de la historia del pensamiento. Sus respuestas iluminan también los peligrosos tiempos que vivimos hoy. ** Finalista al mejor libro de ensayo 2019 concedido por la Asociación de Librerías de Madrid La crítica ha dicho:«Cuando el suelo tiembla bajo nuestros pies nos da por recordar. Sobre todo, qué hicimos la última vez que sucedió. Por eso se lee tan bien Tiempo de magos.»Darío Prieto, El Mundo (La esfera de papel) «De Cambridge a Davos, de Berlín a París, Tiempo de magos ofrece una narrativa novedosa, extremadamente tangible, de una época que dio forma a nuestro pensamiento como ninguna otra.»Hans Ulrich Gumbrecht «Aún quedan algunos libros que nos devuelven por unos días la fascinación de antaño. Este es uno de ellos. Si solo te queda dinero para un libro de filosofía, elige este.»Wolfgang Pichler, General-Anzeiger «Bellamente narrado. Una asombrosa constelación espiritual, cuatro estilos de vida y cuatro respuestas a la pregunta "¿Qué es el hombre?" en un gran momento de la filosofía.»Rüdiger Safranski «Un desafío, accesible y estimulante, a la historia académica de la filosofía. Vale mucho la pena leerlo.»Thomas Meyer, Der Tagesspiegel «Con erudición, detalles, suspense y buen pulso, Eilenberger relata la década en la que se decidía el destino de Europa, cuando la historia universal contenía la respiración.»Roman Leick, Der Spiegel «Wolfram Eilenberger nos cuenta la historia de la filosofía alemana al estilo de un cronista deportivo.»Lorenz Jäger, Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung «Wolfram Eilenberger plantea grandes lecciones sin resultar aleccionador. Conserva el asombro de la filosofía pero descarta la reverencia por lo ininteligible. No toma partido, sino que permite que los diferentes enfoques coexistan. Da ganas de leer y leer a cada uno de los cuatro filósofos retratados.»Jörg Magenau, Süddeutsche Zeitung «La lectura de este libro es una experiencia absolutamente asombrosa. La investigación de Eilenberger sobre esta década olvidada es, ante todo, un libro para nuestro tiempo.»Thorsten Jantschek, Philosophie Magazin
El tiempo de una vida
by Juan José SebreliLa autobiografía de uno de los intelectuales más destacados de laArgentina. En sus obras se interrelacionan la sociología, la historiacontemporánea, la teoría política y la filosofía. El Tiempo de una vida contiene algunas de las páginas más coherentes ysólidas de un género poco típico en la tradición latinoamericana: lasmemorias. Como siempre, Sebreli sabe qué hacer con la materiaautobiográfica y propone un relato atractivo y poderoso que revela tantode sí mismo como de los distintos períodos atravesados por el país.Analista y observador, las palabras de este testigo privilegiado delsiglo XX nos permiten conocer una época y muchas historias. El autorcuenta cómo fueron sus años de formación, de aprendizaje, de debateintelectual y político; cuáles eran las lecturas, quiénes losprotagonistas, los interlocutores, los adversarios.
Tiere – Medien – Sinne: Eine Ethnographie bioakustischer Feldforschung (Beiträge zur Praxeologie / Contributions to Praxeology)
by Judith WillkommWieso braucht man ein Schlauchboot, um Vögel aufzunehmen? Warum muss ein Lautsprecher wie eine Nachtigall klingen? Wie kann man Fledermaus-Laute gleichzeitig sehen und hören? Im Feld werden die Dinge erforscht, wo sie sind, wie sie sind und wenn sie stattfinden. Da sie dadurch nicht so leicht zu kontrollieren sind wie im Labor, müssen für die Datenerhebung andere Strategien gefunden werden. Dabei kommt es zu einem besonderen Wechselspiel zwischen menschlichen Sinnen und technischen Medien. Diese Verflechtung macht Judith Willkomm in ihrer Ethnographie über bioakustische Feldstudien beschreibbar. Mit ihrem Forschungsansatz kombiniert sie ethnographische Methoden mit medientheoretischen Perspektiven und hebt dadurch die alltägliche Dimension von Medienpraktiken an der Schnittstelle zwischen Mensch und Maschine hervor.
Tierwohl durch Genom-Editierung?: Tierethische Perspektiven auf die Genom-Editierung bei landwirtschaftlichen Nutztieren (Techno:Phil – Aktuelle Herausforderungen der Technikphilosophie #8)
by Susanne HiekelDer Einsatz neuer biotechnologischer Verfahren, wie der der Genom-Editierung, hat die Debatte um die ethische Zulässigkeit einer gentechnischen Veränderung von Tieren neu entflammt. Die Motivation zu genomeditorischen Züchtungsvorhaben ist, so wie bei „konventionellen“ Vorhaben auch, zumeist produktions- und leistungsorientiert. Es gibt vereinzelt aber auch Vorhaben, die darauf abzielen, dem tierlichen Wohl zugutezukommen. Dieser Zusammenhang des „Tierwohls durch Genom-Editierung“ wirft einige Forschungsfragen auf: Wodurch sind die Verfahren der Genom-Editierung in der Nutztierzucht überhaupt charakterisiert? Wie lässt sich das Anwendungsspektrum von genomeditorischen Nutztier-Zuchtvorhaben, die das tierliche Wohl befördern sollen, genauer beschreiben? Ist das Wohlergehen „zukünftiger Tiere“ überhaupt von moralischer Relevanz (Problem der Nicht-Identität)? Sind genomeditorische Zuchtvorhaben möglicherweise generell abzulehnen, weil sie die Integrität der betroffenen Tiere verletzen? Wie sind genomeditorische Zuchtvorhaben, die das Wohl von landwirtschaftlichen Nutztieren befördern sollen, aus tierwohltheoretischer Perspektive zu beurteilen? Wie – falls überhaupt – lassen sich Handlungen rechtfertigen, die zwar einerseits zur Perpetuierung einer moralisch problematischen Praxis beitragen, andererseits aber in bestimmter Hinsicht gegenüber dieser problematischen Praxis eine Verbesserung bedeuten? Antworten auf diese Fragen stellt dieses Buch bereit.
The Ties That Divide: Ethnic Politics, Foreign Policy, and International Conflict (International Relations)
by Stephen SaidemanEthnic conflicts have created crises within NATO and between NATO and Russia, produced massive flows of refugees, destabilized neighboring countries, and increased the risk of nuclear war between Pakistan and India. Interventions have cost the United States, the United Nations, and other actors billions of dollars.While scholars and policymakers have devoted considerable attention to this issue, the question of why states take sides in other countries' ethnic conflicts has largely been ignored. Most attention has been directed at debating the value of particular techniques to manage ethnic conflict, including partition, prevention, mediation, intervention, and the like. However, as the Kosovo dispute demonstrated, one of the biggest obstacles to resolving ethnic conflicts is getting the outside actors to cooperate. This book addresses this question.Saideman argues that domestic political competition compels countries to support the side of an ethnic conflict with which constituents share ethnicities. He applies this argument to the Congo Crisis, the Nigerian Civil War, and Yugoslavia's civil wars. He then applies quantitative analyses to ethnic conflicts in the 1990s. Finally, he discusses recent events in Kosovo and whether the findings of these case studies apply more broadly.
The Tiger's Cave
by Trevor LeggettWhat happens when a young Zen monk makes a terrible mistake at a public ceremony? What sort of reception does a well-known abbot get today when he visits his old teacher? The answers to these questions can be found in this fascinating translation of Japanese Zen texts by Trevor Leggett. From historical incidents to classes Zen commentaries, this is an account of actual Zen life-the life of traditional temple training-and a valuable guide to the meaning of Zen in Japan.
The Tiger's Cave
by Trevor LeggettWhat happens when a young Zen monk makes a terrible mistake at a public ceremony? What sort of reception does a well-known abbot get today when he visits his old teacher? The answers to these questions can be found in this fascinating translation of Japanese Zen texts by Trevor Leggett. From historical incidents to classes Zen commentaries, this is an account of actual Zen life-the life of traditional temple training-and a valuable guide to the meaning of Zen in Japan.
Timaeus
by Plato Peter KalkavageThis is an English translation of Plato's dialogue concerning speculation on the nature of the physical world and human beings. An extensive introduction provides careful insights to the reading of the work, the nature of Platonic dialogue and the cultural background of the Timaeus. Appendices on music, astronomy and geometry further provide guidance to the central thoughts of the dialogue. The glossary provides cross references and discussion for key words in the dialogue, functioning as springboards into the various concepts and ideas that are central to this and other Platonic dialogues and are useful starting points for any classroom discussion or personal thought.Focus Philosophical Library translations are close to and are non-interpretative of the original text, with the notes and a glossary intending to provide the reader with some sense of the terms and the concepts as they were understood by Plato's immediate audience.
Timaeus
by Plato Donald J. ZeylFirst published in Plato: Complete Works, Donald J. Zeyl's masterful translation of Timaeus is presented along with his 75 page introductory essay, which discusses points of contemporary interest in the Timaeus, deals at length with long-standing and current issues of interpretation, and provides a consecutive commentary on the work as a whole. Includes an analytic table of contents and a select bibliography.
Timaeus and Critias
by PlatoTimaeus is a work of dramatic scope, presenting a view of the world as Plato knew it. Beginning with an account of the origins of the universe and ending with an exploration of human health and psychology, the book puts forward a coherent explanation of the physical and metaphysical realms and their connection with each other. As extraordinary as they may seem now, Plato's views were extremely influential, informing Western scientific thought up through the Middle Ages. Fascinating both for its divergence from a modern scientific theory and for the philosophical implications of its worldview, Timaeus is essential reading for anyone interested in the Ancient Greeks or the history of scientific thought.
Timaeus and Critias
by PlatoTimaeus, one of Plato's acknowledged masterpieces, is an attempt to construct the universe and explain its contents by means of as few axioms as possible. The result is a brilliant, bizarre, and surreal cosmos-- the product of the rational thinking of a creator god and his astral assistants, and of purely mechanistic causes based on the behaviour of the four elements. At times dazzlingly clear, at times intriguingly opaque, this was state-of-the-art science in the middle of the fourth century BC. The world is presented as a battlefield of forces that are unified only by the will of God, who had to do the best he could with recalcitrant building materials. The unfinished companion piece, Critias, is the foundational text for the story of Atlantis. It tells how a model society became corrupt, and how a lost race of Athenians defeated the aggression of the invading Atlanteans.
Timaeus and Critias
by PlatoTimaeus and Critias is a Socratic dialogue in two parts. A response to an account of an ideal state told by Socrates, it begins with Timaeus’s theoretical exposition of the cosmos and his story describing the creation of the universe, from its very beginning to the coming of man. Timaeus introduces the idea of a creator God and speculates on the structure and composition of the physical world. Critias, the second part of Plato’s dialogue, comprises an account of the rise and fall of Atlantis, an ancient, mighty and prosperous empire ruled by the descendents of Poseidon, which ultimately sank into the sea.
Timaeus Critias Cleitophon Menexenus Epistles (Loeb Classical Library #234)
by R. G. Bury Plato<p>Plato, the great philosopher of Athens, was born in 427 BCE. In early manhood an admirer of Socrates, he later founded the famous school of philosophy in the grove Academus. Much else recorded of his life is uncertain; that he left Athens for a time after Socrates' execution is probable; that later he went to Cyrene, Egypt, and Sicily is possible; that he was wealthy is likely; that he was critical of 'advanced' democracy is obvious. He lived to be 80 years old. Linguistic tests including those of computer science still try to establish the order of his extant philosophical dialogues, written in splendid prose and revealing Socrates' mind fused with Plato's thought. <p>In Laches, Charmides, and Lysis, Socrates and others discuss separate ethical conceptions. Protagoras, Ion, and Meno discuss whether righteousness can be taught. In Gorgias, Socrates is estranged from his city's thought, and his fate is impending. The Apology (not a dialogue), Crito, Euthyphro, and the unforgettable Phaedo relate the trial and death of Socrates and propound the immortality of the soul. In the famous Symposium and Phaedrus, written when Socrates was still alive, we find the origin and meaning of love. Cratylus discusses the nature of language. The great masterpiece in ten books, the Republic, concerns righteousness (and involves education, equality of the sexes, the structure of society, and abolition of slavery). Of the six so-called dialectical dialogues Euthydemus deals with philosophy; metaphysical Parmenides is about general concepts and absolute being; Theaetetus reasons about the theory of knowledge. Of its sequels, Sophist deals with not-being; Politicus with good and bad statesmanship and governments; Philebus with what is good. The Timaeus seeks the origin of the visible universe out of abstract geometrical elements. The unfinished Critias treats of lost Atlantis. Unfinished also is Plato's last work of the twelve books of Laws (Socrates is absent from it), a critical discussion of principles of law which Plato thought the Greeks might accept.</p>
Time: A Vocabulary of the Present
by Joel Burges Amy EliasThe concept of time in the post-millennial age is undergoing a radical rethinking within the humanities. Time: A Vocabulary of the Present newly theorizes our experiences of time in relation to developments in post-1945 cultural theory and arts practices. Wide ranging and theoretically provocative, the volume introduces readers to cutting-edge temporal conceptualizations and investigates what exactly constitutes the scope of time studies. Featuring twenty essays that reveal what we talk about when we talk about time today, especially in the areas of history, measurement, and culture, each essay pairs two keywords to explore the tension and nuances between them, from "past/future" and "anticipation/unexpected" to "extinction/adaptation" and "serial/simultaneous." Moving beyond the truisms of postmodernism, the collection newly theorizes the meanings of temporality in relationship to aesthetic, cultural, technological, and economic developments in the postwar period. This book thus assumes that time--not space, as the postmoderns had it--is central to the contemporary period, and that through it we can come to terms with what contemporaneity can be for human beings caught up in the historical present. In the end, Time reveals that the present is a cultural matrix in which overlapping temporalities condition and compete for our attention. Thus each pair of terms presents two temporalities, yielding a generative account of the time, or times, in which we live.
Time (Elements in Metaphysics)
by Heather DykePhilosophical thinking about time is characterised by tensions between competing conceptions. Different sources of evidence yield different conclusions about it. Common sense suggests there is an objective present, and that time is dynamic. Science recognises neither feature. This Element examines McTaggart's argument for the unreality of time, which epitomises this tension, showing how it gave rise to the A-theory/B-theory debate. Each theory is in tension with either ordinary or scientific thinking, so must accommodate the competing conception. Reconciling the A-theory with science does not look promising. Prospects look better for the B-theory's attempt to accommodate ordinary thinking about time.
Time (Problems of Philosophy)
by Phillip TuretzkyTime offers a comprehensive history of the philosophy of time in western philosophy from the Greeks through to the twentieth century.In the first half of the book, Philip Turetzky explores theories in ancient and modern philosophy chronologically: from Aristotle to Nietzsche. In the latter half, Turetzky describes the philosophy of time in three twentieth-century philosophical traditions:* analytic philosophy including philosophers such as McTaggart and Mellor* phenomenology Husserl and Heidegger* a distaff tradition which Turetzky identifies as including Bergson and Deleuze.
Time Alive: Celebrate Your Life Every Day
by Alexandra StoddardIn seven sections representing essential domains of life -- Time, Home, Style, Enthusiasm, Caring, Purpose, and Spirit -- Alexandra Stoddard shows us how to celebrate every moment of life. This treasury of brief essays is chock-full of the wise ideas, personal anecdotes, and practical strategies that have inspired millions of her readers and audiences to live more beautifully and meaningfully every day. She helps readers form their own personal philosophy for living as well as discover specific, small actions that build tranquil time into the most hectic day, add lightness and energy when needed most, elevate a passing moment into a vivid memory. She encourages readers to "take stock, and rethink everything. We need to make the connection between how we spend our time and how well we live our lives." With each essay offering a memorable mindset for living, Alexandra's observations are searching ("What is your deepest desire?"), surprising ("Lower your standards"), encouraging ("You have 8,766 hours a year to act wisely"), and whimsical ("You've gotta have a look") and are certain to spur readers to new levels of insight and joy.
Time and Chance
by David Z AlbertThis study is an attempt to get to the root of the tension between the best scientific pictures of the physical structure of the world and the everyday, empirical experience of it. It examines the problem of the direction of time - the notion that whatever can happen, can happen backwards.
Time and Chance
by David Z. ALBERTThis book is an attempt to get to the bottom of an acute and perennial tension between our best scientific pictures of the fundamental physical structure of the world and our everyday empirical experience of it. The trouble is about the direction of time. The situation (very briefly) is that it is a consequence of almost every one of those fundamental scientific pictures--and that it is at the same time radically at odds with our common sense--that whatever can happen can just as naturally happen backwards. Albert provides an unprecedentedly clear, lively, and systematic new account--in the context of a Newtonian-Mechanical picture of the world--of the ultimate origins of the statistical regularities we see around us, of the temporal irreversibility of the Second Law of Thermodynamics, of the asymmetries in our epistemic access to the past and the future, and of our conviction that by acting now we can affect the future but not the past. Then, in the final section of the book, he generalizes the Newtonian picture to the quantum-mechanical case and (most interestingly) suggests a very deep potential connection between the problem of the direction of time and the quantum-mechanical measurement problem. The book aims to be both an original contribution to the present scientific and philosophical understanding of these matters at the most advanced level, and something in the nature of an elementary textbook on the subject accessible to interested high-school students. Table of Contents: Preface 1. Time-Reversal Invariance 2. Thermodynamics 3. Statistical Mechanics 4. The Reversibility Objections and the Past-Hypothesis 5. The Scope of Thermodynamics 6. The Asymmetries of Knowledge and Intervention 7. Quantum Mechanics Appendix: Gedankenexperiments with Heat Engines Index Reviews of this book: The foundations of statistical mechanisms are often presented in physics textbooks in a rather obscure and confused way. By challenging common ways of thinking about this subject, Time and Chance can do quite a lot to improve this situation.--Jean Bricmont, ScienceAlbert is perfecting a style of foundational analysis that is uniquely his own...It has a surgical precision...and it is ruthless with pretensions. The foundations of thermodynamics is a topic that has accumulated a good deal of dead wood; this is a fire that will burn and burn.--Simon W. Saunders, Oxford UniversityAs usual with Albert's work, the exposition is brisk and to the point, and exceptionally clear...The book will be an extremely valuable contribution to the literature on the subject of philosophical issues in thermodynamics and statistical mechanics, a literature which has been thin on the ground but is now growing as it deserves to.--Lawrence Sklar, University of Michigan
Time and Death: Heidegger's Analysis of Finitude (Intersections: Continental and Analytic Philosophy)
by Carol J. White edited by RalkowskiIn Time and Death Carol White articulates a vision of Martin Heidegger's work which grows out of a new understanding of what he was trying to address in his discussion of death. Acknowledging that the discussion of this issue in Heidegger's major work Being and Time is often far from clear, White presents a new interpretation of Heidegger which short-circuits many of the traditional criticisms. White claims that we are all in a better position to understand Heidegger's insights after fifty years because they have now become a part of the conventional wisdom of common opinion. His view shows up in accounts of knowledge in the physical sciences, in the assumptions of the social sciences, in art and film, even in popular culture in general, but does so in ways ignorant of their origins. Now that these insights have filtered down into the culture at large, we can make Heidegger intelligible in a way that perhaps he himself could not. White presents the best possible case for Heidegger, making him more intelligible to those people with a long acquaintance with his work, those with a long aversion to it and in particular to those just starting to pursue an interest in it. White places the problems with which Heidegger is dealing in the context of issues in contemporary Anglo-American philosophy, in order to better locate him for the more mainstream audience. The language and approach of the book is able to accommodate the novice but also offers much food for thought for the Heidegger scholar.
Time and Economics: The Concept of Functional Time
by Željko RohatinskiThis book links the philosophical perception of time and Einstein’s theory of special relativity to economic processes, showing that the phenomena of time dilation and length contraction seen in physics can be identified within – and adapted to – an economic framework. The author expands on Marx’s model of reproduction with the additional variable of time, which is represented as a relative or functional category. In addition to allowing a more precise understanding of both static and dynamic relations between economic systems, this concept examines approaches to time proposed by Smith, Marshall and Keynes, and challenges the equilibrium and disequilibrium economic models. Rohatinski suggests that by understanding the differences in economic activity perceived across different time periods we are better able to influence that activity at micro- and macroeconomic levels.
Time and Free Will: An Essay on the Immediate Data of Consciousness
by Henri BergsonInternationally known and one of the most influential philosophers of his day (and for a time almost a cult figure in France, where his lectures drew huge crowds), Henri Bergson (1859-41) led a revolution in philosophical thought by rejecting traditional conceptual and abstract methods, and arguing that the intuition is deeper than the intellect. His speculations, especially about the nature of time, had a profound influence on many other philosophers, as well as on poets and novelists; they are said to have been the seed for À la recherce de temps perdu by Marcel Proust (whose cousin was Bergson's wife). Though his ideas were sometimes difficult to follow, Bergson was also a fine stylist, who once declared, "there is nothing in philosophy which could not be said in everyday language," and who was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1927.In Time and Free Will, written as his doctoral thesis, Bergson tries to dispel the arguments against free will. These arguments, he shows, come from a confusion of different ideas of time. Physicists and mathematicians conceive of time as a measurable construct much like the spatial dimensions. But in human experience, life is perceived as a continuous and unmeasurable flow rather than as a succession of marked-off states of consciousness — something that can be measured not quantitatively, but only qualitatively. And because human personalities express themselves in acts that cannot be predicted, Bergson declares free will to be an observable fact. Students and teachers of philosophy are sure to welcome this inexpensive reprint of Bergson's classic, influential essay, long a staple of college philosophy courses.
Time and Free Will: An Essay on the Immediate Data of Consciousness
by Bergson, HenriFirst published in 2002. Henri Louis Bergson was born in Paris, October 18, 1859. He entered the Ecole normale in 1878, and was admitted agrégé de philosophie in 1881 and docteur és lettres in 1889. After holding professorships in various provincial and Parisian lycées, he became maître de conférences at the Ecole normale supérieure in 1897, and since 1900 has been professor at the Collége de France. In 1901 he became a member of the Institute on his election to the Académie des Sciences morales et politiques.
Time and Idea: The Theory of History in Giambattista Vico
by A. CaponigriLong a shadowy figure in the history of philosophy, it was only in the twentieth century that Giambattista Vico (1668-1744) achieved renown as a major and original thinker. There has been a steadily widening interest in this figure who, had he been known in his own day, might have altered the course of European thought. Much has been written in an attempt to clarify his historical stature, but in Time and Idea A. Robert Caponigri approaches Vico's thought in terms of its relevance to problems of modern philosophy. Viewing the essential problem of twentieth-century philosophy as the elimination of human subjectivity from nature, Caponigri shows how Vico offers us a principle for the vindication of our own spirituality through history.In Caponigri's reading, Vico establishes an absolute dichotomy between nature and history. The latter is seen as the sum of the active, fully realized human spirit and thus the context for the true understanding of human nature. Although Vico's major work, The New Science, incorporates vast amounts of concrete historical research and contruction, Caponigri's focus is on Vico's theoretical apparatus. Following an introductory biographical chapter, the author turns to Vico's theory of history, emphasizing its importance as a genuine philosophical undertaking rather than mere methodology. Caponigri shows how the speculative problem of history first presented itself to Vico in matters of jurisprudence and natural law from which he derived the concepts of time and idea as the terms in which the historical process of culture becomes comprehensible. He then introduces the human subject as the principle of the synthesis of time and idea, and discusses the Vichian concept of the "modification of the human mind," and his idea of "providence" as the rectifying principle of human history.First published in 1953, Time and Idea remains an essential contribution to the ongoing dialog on Vico's work.