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Why We Need Ordinary Language Philosophy
by Sandra Laugier Translated by Daniela GinsburgSandra Laugier has long been a key liaison between American and European philosophical thought, responsible for bringing American philosophers such as Ralph Waldo Emerson, Henry David Thoreau, and Stanley Cavell to French readersOCobut until now her books have never been published in English. "Why We Need Ordinary Language Philosophy" rights that wrong with a topic perfect for English-language readers: the idea of analytic philosophy. aFocused on clarity and logical argument, analytic philosophy has dominated the discipline in the United States, Australia, and Britain over the past one hundred years, and it is often seen as a unified, coherent, and inevitable advancement. Laugier questions this assumption, rethinking the very grounds that drove analytic philosophy to develop and uncovering its inherent tensions and confusions. Drawing on J. L. Austin and the later works of Ludwig Wittgenstein, she argues for the solution provided by ordinary language philosophyOCoa philosophy that trusts and utilizes the everyday use of language and the clarity of meaning it providesOCoand in doing so offers a major contribution to the philosophy of language and twentieth- and twenty-first-century philosophy as a whole.
Why We Teach
by Sonia NietoThis book includes reflections by teachers who work in U.S. public elementary, middle, and high schools in a variety of settings ,in which they talk about their motivations for coming into teaching, and their thoughts about the profession itself.
Why Wilson Matters: The Origin of American Liberal Internationalism and Its Crisis Today
by Tony SmithThe liberal internationalist tradition is credited with America’s greatest triumphs as a world power—and also its biggest failures. Beginning in the 1940s, imbued with the spirit of Woodrow Wilson’s efforts at the League of Nations to “make the world safe for democracy,” the United States steered a course in world affairs that would eventually win the Cold War. Yet in the 1990s, Wilsonianism turned imperialist, contributing directly to the invasion of Iraq in 2003 and the continued failures of American foreign policy.Why Wilson Matters explains how the liberal internationalist community can regain a sense of identity and purpose following the betrayal of Wilson’s vision by the brash “neo-Wilsonianism” being pursued today. Drawing on Wilson’s original writings and speeches, Tony Smith traces how his thinking about America’s role in the world evolved in the years leading up to and during his presidency, and how the Wilsonian tradition went on to influence American foreign policy in the decades that followed—for good and for ill. He traces the tradition’s evolution from its “classic” era with Wilson, to its “hegemonic” stage during the Cold War, to its “imperialist” phase today. Smith calls for an end to reckless forms of U.S. foreign intervention, and a return to the prudence and “eternal vigilance” of Wilson’s own time.Why Wilson Matters renews hope that the United States might again become effectively liberal by returning to the sense of realism that Wilson espoused, one where the promotion of democracy around the world is balanced by the understanding that such efforts are not likely to come quickly and without costs.
Why You Should be a Trade Unionist
by Len McCluskeyWhy every worker should join a unionIn this short and accessible book, Len McCluskey, General Secretary of Unite the Union, presents the case for joining a union. Drawing on anecdotes from his own long involvement in unions, he looks at the history of trade unions, what they do and how they give a voice to working people, as democratic organisations. He considers the changing world of work, the challenges and opportunities of automation and why being trade unionists can enable us to help shape the future. He sets out why being a trade unionist is as much a political as it is an industrial role and why the historic links between the labour movement and the Labour Party matter. Ultimately, McCluskey explains how being a trade unionist means putting equality at work and in society front and centre-stage, fighting for an end to discrimination, and to inequality in wages and power.
Wicked Intelligence: Visual Art and the Science of Experiment in Restoration London
by Matthew C. HunterIn late seventeenth-century London, the most provocative images were produced not by artists, but by scientists. Magnified fly-eyes drawn with the aid of microscopes, apparitions cast on laboratory walls by projection machines, cut-paper figures revealing the OC exact proportionsOCO of sea monstersOCoall were created by members of the Royal Society of London, the leading institutional platform of the early Scientific Revolution. "Wicked Intelligence" reveals that these natural philosophers shaped Restoration LondonOCOs emergent artistic cultures by forging collaborations with court painters, penning art theory, and designing triumphs of baroque architecture such as St PaulOCOs Cathedral. aMatthew C. Hunter brings to life this archive of experimental-philosophical visualization and the deft cunning that was required to manage such difficult research. Offering an innovative approach to the scientific image-making of the time, he demonstrates how the Restoration project of synthesizing experimental images into scientific knowledge, as practiced by Royal Society leaders Robert Hooke and Christopher Wren, might be called OC wicked intelligence. OCO Hunter uses episodes involving specific visual practicesOCofor instance, concocting a lethal amalgam of wax, steel, and sulfuric acid to produce an active model of a cometOCoto explore how Hooke, Wren, and their colleagues devised representational modes that aided their experiments. Ultimately, Hunter argues, the craft and craftiness of experimental visual practice both promoted and menaced the artistic traditions on which they drew, turning the Royal Society projects into objects of suspicion in Enlightenment England. "a"The first book to use the physical evidence of Royal Society experiments to produce forensic evaluations of how scientific knowledge was generated, "Wicked Intelligence" rethinks the parameters of visual art, experimental philosophy, and architecture at the cusp of BritainOCOs imperial power and artistic efflorescence.
Wicked Valuations: People and Landed Property (Routledge Complex Real Property Rights Series)
by Michael McDermottTraditional valuation approaches are increasingly recognised as being insufficient to address the wicked valuation problems of the diverse peoples and groups that inhabit the globe from north, south, east to west. This book demonstrates the limitations of science and, in particular economics, as the foundation on which valuations are traditionally based. It demonstrates the importance of and provides justification for the personal, cultural values and norms which underpin our assessment of "value", and the fact that these vary across the world. In Wicked Valuations Michael McDermott develops a means of engaging with highly complex valuation problems. His autoethnography provides a lens to draw on knowledge and experience from his 40 years in land valuation in Africa and the Asia-Pacific, while documentary analysis is used to draw in the views of other valuation practitioners and scholars who are becoming increasingly aware of the need to develop ways to adapt land valuation processes to the complexity of our contemporary landscapes.
Wickedness: A Philosophical Essay (Routledge Classics)
by Dr Mary Midgley Mary MidgleyTo look into the darkness of the human soul is a frightening venture. Here Mary Midgley does so, with her customary brilliance and clarity. In Wickedness she sets out to delineate not so much the nature of wickedness as its actual sources. Midgley's analysis proves that the capacity for real wickedness is an inevitable part of human nature. This is not however a blanket acceptance of evil. She provides us with a framework that accepts its existence yet offers humankind the possibility of rejecting this part of our nature. Out of this dark journey she returns with an offering to us: an understanding of human nature that enhances our very humanity. To read Wickedness is to understand Mary Midgley's reputation as one of the world's greatest moral philosophers.
Wickedness (Routledge Classics)
by Dr Mary Midgley Mary MidgleyTo look into the darkness of the human soul is a frightening venture. Here Mary Midgley does so, with her customary brilliance and clarity. Midgley's analysis proves that the capacity for real wickedness is an inevitable part of human nature. This is not however a blanket acceptance of evil. Out of this dark journey she returns with an offering to us: an understanding of human nature that enhances our very humanity.
Widen the Window: Training Your Brain and Body to Thrive During Stress and Recover from Trauma
by Elizabeth A. Stanley"I don't think I've ever read a book that paints such a complex and accurate landscape of what it is like to live with the legacy of trauma as this book does, while offering a comprehensive approach to healing."--from the foreword by Bessel van der KolkA pioneering researcher gives us a new understanding of stress and trauma, as well as the tools to heal and thriveStress is our internal response to an experience that our brain perceives as threatening or challenging. Trauma is our response to an experience in which we feel powerless or lacking agency. Until now, researchers have treated these conditions as different, but they actually lie along a continuum. Dr. Elizabeth Stanley explains the significance of this continuum, how it affects our resilience in the face of challenge, and why an event that's stressful for one person can be traumatizing for another.This groundbreaking book examines the cultural norms that impede resilience in America, especially our collective tendency to disconnect stress from its potentially extreme consequences and override our need to recover. It explains the science of how to direct our attention to perform under stress and recover from trauma. With training, we can access agency, even in extreme-stress environments. In fact, any maladaptive behavior or response conditioned through stress or trauma can, with intentionality and understanding, be reconditioned and healed. The key is to use strategies that access not just the thinking brain but also the survival brain. By directing our attention in particular ways, we can widen the window within which our thinking brain and survival brain work together cooperatively. When we use awareness to regulate our biology this way, we can access our best, uniquely human qualities: our compassion, courage, curiosity, creativity, and connection with others. By building our resilience, we can train ourselves to make wise decisions and access choice--even during times of incredible stress, uncertainty, and change.With stories from men and women Dr. Stanley has trained in settings as varied as military bases, healthcare facilities, and Capitol Hill, as well as her own striking experiences with stress and trauma, she gives readers hands-on strategies they can use themselves, whether they want to perform under pressure or heal from traumatic experience, while at the same time pointing our understanding in a new direction.
Widening the Circle: Culturally Relevant Pedagogy for American Indian Children
by Beverly J. Klug Patricia T. WhitfieldRecognizing the need for a pedagogy that better serves American Indian students, Beverly J. Klug and Patricia T. Whitfield construct a pedagogical model that blends native and non-native worldviews and methods. Among the building blocks of this new, culturally relevant education are language-based approaches to literacy development, the use of oral histories to supplement traditional texts, and a re-evaluation of the knowledge base these students need for success in tribal enterprises.
Wider den Chauvinismus: 100 Jahre Paul K. Feyerabend (essentials)
by Wolfgang FrindteDieses Buch bietet zum Jubiläumsjahr eine kurze Biographie von Paul K. Feyerabend, eine Einführung in ausgewählte Schlüsselwerke und ein kritisches Fazit zu seiner Aktualität.
Wider den Reduktionismus: Ausgewählte Beiträge zum Kurt Gödel Preis 2019
by Oliver Passon Christoph BenzmüllerDie Autorinnen und Autoren präsentieren in diesem Buch Argumente, die die Unmöglichkeit des Reduktionismus aus philosophischer, naturwissenschaftlicher bzw. mathematisch-logischer Perspektive zu begründen suchen. Der Reduktionismus behauptet, dass Eigenschaften auch von komplexen Systemen (bis hin zu Lebensvorgängen und menschlichem Bewusstsein) vollständig auf ihre Bestandteile zurückgeführt werden können. Diese Position ist einflussreich, aber umstritten. Im Jahr 2019 hat der Kurt Gödel Freundeskreis einen Essaywettbewerb veranstaltet, um schlagende Argumente gegen den Reduktionismus zu finden. Unter den internationalen Teilnehmern waren neben weltweit führenden Forschern auch Wissenschaftler, die noch am Beginn ihrer Kariere stehen. Dieser Band versammelt die Beiträge der Preisträger und weitere ausgewählte Aufsätze. Aus dem Inhalt: · Kausalität als antireduktionistisches Hausmittel – Martin Breul · Reduktionismus im Diskurs – Hanna Hueske · Monads, Types, and Branching Time – Kurt Gödel’s approach towards a theory of the soul – Tim Lethen · The limits of reductionism: thought, life, and reality – Jesse M. Mulder · True or Rational? A Problem for a Mind-Body Reductionist – Michał Pawłowski · Why reductionism does not work – George F. R. Ellis · Physik ohne Reduktion – Rico Gutschmidt · Is there an Axiom for everything? – Jean-Yves Béziau · Unerklärliche Wahrheiten – Marco Hausmann · Gödel, mathematischer Realismus und Antireduktionismus – Reinhard Kahle
Wider die Borniertheit und den Chauvinismus – mit Paul K. Feyerabend durch absurde Zeiten
by Wolfgang FrindteAnlässlich seines 100. Geburtstages wird an Paul K. Feyerabend erinnert; es werden seine Ideen diskutiert und es wird gefragt, inwieweit diese geeignet sind, aktuelle Geschehnisse und Konflikte zu beurteilen.
Wie berechenbar ist unsere Welt: Herausforderungen Für Mathematik, Informatik Und Philosophie Im Zeitalter Der Digitalisierung (Essentials)
by Klaus MainzerKlaus Mainzer legt in diesem essential dar, dass die Zukunft von KI und Digitalisierung eine nüchterne Analyse erfordert, die Grundlagenforschung mit Anwendung verbindet. Berechenbarkeits- und Beweistheorie können dazu beitragen, Big Data und Machine Learning sicherer zu bewältigen. Dabei zeigt sich, dass die komplexen Herausforderungen der digitalen und analogen Welt in Grundlagenfragen der Mathematik, Informatik und Philosophie tief verwurzelt sind.
Wie Corona Afrika verändert: Ein entwicklungspolitischer Überblick (essentials)
by Wolff-Christian Peters Rainer TetzlaffDie wirtschaftlichen, sozialen und politischen Folgen der Corona-Pandemie werden in diesem essential analysiert. Drei Fallstudien (Äthiopien, Sambia und Südafrika) zeigen die Versäumnisse der Regierungspolitik. Zur Sprache kommen Fragen der Impfstoffbeschaffung und der Zukunft von Gesellschaften, die schon heute unter Hunger, Arbeitslosigkeit und der Perspektivlosigkeit einer verzweifelten Jugend leidet. Der Migrationsdruck wächst.
Wie der Mensch seine Welt neu erschaffen hat
by Ernst Peter Fischer"Wissenschaft wird von Menschen gemacht" Mit diesem Zitat des Physikers und Humanisten Werner Heisenberg leitet Ernst Peter Fischer sein Buch über die "zweite Erschaffung der Welt" ein. Seiner Auffassung nach nehmen wir diesen einfachen und an sich selbstverständlichen Satz nicht zur Kenntnis und ernst, wie die Naturforscher mit ihren naturwissenschaftlichen und medizinischen Erträgen seit dem 17. Jahrhundert maßgeblich ihr und damit unser aller gegenwärtiges Leben geprägt und praktisch gestaltet haben. Er schreibt: "Tatsächlich ist es so, dass sich europäische Gesellschaften - nicht zuletzt die deutsche - im frühen 21. Jahrhundert nahezu vollständig und unumkehrbar in Abhängigkeit von wissenschaftlich-technischen Fortschritten etwa bei der Ressourcennutzung, der Energiegewinnung, der Krankenversorgung oder der Kommunikation entfaltet haben. Und ihre Geschichte - ihr Vorwärtsstreben in die derzeitige Lage und ihr Aussehen - kann man nur verstehen, wenn man die dazugehörige Dynamik berücksichtigt, wenn man also die Geschichte der Wissenschaften und der mit ihren Kenntnissen möglichen Technik zur Kenntnis nimmt, die in ihrer relevanten und aktuellen Form im frühen 17. Jahrhundert begonnen und den europäischen Sonderweg zum Wohlstand bereitet hat, den viele Millionen Menschen ganz selbstverständlich in wachsender Zahl genießen, ohne zu fragen, woher er kommt und welchen Ideen sie ihn zu verdanken haben."
Wie Mathematiker ticken
by David RuelleDer renommierte mathematische Physiker David Ruelle schildert in dem Buch seine persönlichen Erfahrungen mit berühmten Mathematikern, deren Eigenarten und persönliche Tragödien - aber auch die erhabene Schönheit ihrer Entdeckungen. Jedes Kapitel stellt eine herausragende mathematische Idee und den visionären Verstand dahinter vor. Dabei gibt der Autor Einblick in die einzigartige Denkweise von Mathematikern und zeigt, weshalb er ihre Herangehensweise, um Fragen nach Sinn, Schönheit und Natur der Wirklichkeit zu diskutieren, für die beste hält.
Wie soll das Volk entscheiden?: Chancen, Risiken und Voraussetzungen der direkten Demokratie
by Heike Walterscheid Thomas PetersenDieses Buch beleuchtet aus interdisziplinärer und ländervergleichender Perspektive, unter welchen Bedingungen direkte Demokratie funktionieren kann, wo ihre Chancen und Risiken liegen und welche Rolle dabei die politische Bildung, die politische Kulturtradition eines Landes, der Zusammenhang von Entscheidung und Verantwortung und der Grad der Kleinräumigkeit und Dezentralität der Entscheidungsstrukturen spielt. Ausdrücklich wird weder für noch gegen die direkte Demokratie plädiert, sondern das Thema unvoreingenommen und mit der Gründlichkeit behandelt, die die öffentliche Diskussion über plebiszitäre Elemente in der Politik meistens vermissen lässt.
Wie Wissenschaft Länder, Gesellschaften, Religionen vereint: Ein Überblick für Wissenschaftler und Politiker (essentials)
by Heiko HerwaldUnsere heutige Welt ist geprägt von einer rasanten technologischen Entwicklung. Die daraus resultierende digitale Reizüberflutung, das unermessliche Sammeln von Daten und die Entwicklung von Algorithmen, die für uns jetzt schon Entscheidungen übernehmen, haben das Wertesystem der Menschen verändert. Anhand des Höhlengleichnisses von Platon beschreibt der Autor, wieso der Mensch seine Unabhängigkeit aufgibt und er sich von einem Homo sapiens zu einem Homo accumulans (speichernder Mensch) entwickelt hat. Er zeigt auf, warum Paradigmenwechsel in Religion, Politik und Wissenschaft für die Weiterentwicklung der Menschheit von großer Bedeutung waren und wieso dies für die Wissenschaft auch weiterhin notwendig sein wird, um Lösungen für globale Probleme zu entwickeln.
Wigrum
by Daniel Canty Oana AvasilichioaeiEnd of October 1944. Sebastian Wigrum absconds from his London flat. Very little is known about him, except his intense curiosity about the world and perhaps his disillusionment in love. The legacy of this man, who lived to collect has left in his wake an inventory of some hundred objects, which shed light on the history of our time.
Wild and Free Handcrafts AFF: 32 Activities to Build Confidence, Creativity, and Skill (Wild and Free)
by Ainsley ArmentThe companion to The Call of the Wild + Free: styled in the lush aesthetic of the Wild + Free brand, a four-color book offering crafts, activities, and essays, that parents, educators, and caregivers can use to inspire their children.Wild + Free Handcrafts is a beautiful, four-color resource book for parents, educators, and caregivers to enjoy doing hands-on activities with kids. A handcraft engages one’s hands, requires a level of learned skill, encourages children to do their best work, and produces an end product that is useful. It has been used in homeschool settings for decades as one way to encourage them to work with their hands and discover a skillful craft they love to practice. It also is a great way for traditionally educated kids who are home for the summer, or in afterschool programs, or with their families on the weekends, to do fun activities that will stimulate their imaginations and creativity. This book will feature crafts such as:Felted acornsPaper beadsNature wreathsCocoa mint lip balmWoven willow hearts Finger knit bracelets Eco-dyed kitchen towels Fairy tale treehouse Flower crowns Bug hotel With the same lush photography as The Call of the Wild + Free, this book includes step-by-step pictures that show parents how to do the craft, and essays on the usefulness and purpose of handcrafts as a tool to spark children’s curiosity and wonder.
Wild Animal Ethics: The Moral and Political Problem of Wild Animal Suffering
by Kyle JohannsenThough many ethicists have the intuition that we should leave nature alone, Kyle Johannsen argues that we have a duty to research safe ways of providing large-scale assistance to wild animals. Using concepts from moral and political philosophy to analyze the issue of wild animal suffering (WAS), Johannsen explores how a collective, institutional obligation to assist wild animals should be understood. He claims that with enough research, genetic editing may one day give us the power to safely intervene without perpetually interfering with wild animals’ liberties. Questions addressed include: In what way is nature valuable and is intervention compatible with that value? Is intervention a requirement of justice? What are the implications of WAS for animal rights advocacy? What types of intervention are promising? Expertly moving the debate about human relations with wild animals beyond its traditional confines, Wild Animal Ethics is essential reading for students and scholars of political philosophy and political theory studying animal ethics, environmental ethics, and environmental philosophy.
Wild Blue Media: Thinking through Seawater (Elements)
by Melody JueIn Wild Blue Media, Melody Jue destabilizes terrestrial-based ways of knowing and reorients our perception of the world by considering the ocean itself as a media environment—a place where the weight and opacity of seawater transforms how information is created, stored, transmitted, and perceived. By recentering media theory on and under the sea, Jue calls attention to the differences between perceptual environments and how we think within and through them as embodied observers. In doing so, she provides media studies with alternatives to familiar theoretical frameworks, thereby challenging scholars to navigate unfamiliar oceanic conditions of orientation, materiality, and saturation. Jue not only examines media about the ocean—science fiction narratives, documentary films, ocean data visualizations, animal communication methods, and underwater art—but reexamines media through the ocean, submerging media theory underwater to estrange it from terrestrial habits of perception while reframing our understanding of mediation, objectivity, and metaphor.
Wild Chickens and Petty Tyrants
by Arnie KozakThis engaging and accessible little book is filled with both humor and profound teaching. It presents 108 metaphors for mindfulness, meditation practice, the nature of the self, change, deep acceptance, and other related concepts that Dr. Kozak has cultivated over twenty-five years of meditating, practicing yoga, and working as a clinical psychologist. Metaphors are indispensable to understanding mindfulness, and to help deeply internalize it and make it a part of everyday life. These mentally catchy images can motivate us to practice, show us how and where to bring mindfulness to life in our personal experience, and help us employ powerful methods for transformation.
Wild Diplomacy: Cohabiting with Wolves on a New Ontological Map
by MorizotStarting from a specific case, the spontaneous return of wolves to France and the intense conflicts that event has triggered, the French philosopher Baptiste Morizot invites us to think about what he calls "diplomacy with living beings." How can we conceive of cohabitation with the most recalcitrant wildlife, large predators in particular, and what concrete solutions need to be invented to make this happen? Drawing on knowledge gleaned from history and philosophy as well as from ethology, scientific ecology, and biology, Wild Diplomacy prompts us to ask what relations we want to reinvent with living beings today and how we might fundamentally reimagine our status as living beings among other life forms. This prize-winning book has broken new ground in contemporary French environmental philosophy.