- Table View
- List View
Voluntourism and Language Learning/Teaching: Critical Perspectives (Palgrave Advances in Language and Linguistics)
by Larissa Semiramis Schedel Cori JakubiakThis edited volume extends current voluntourism theorizing by critically examining the intersections among various forms of work-leisure travel and language learning/teaching. The book’s contributors investigate volunteer tourism and its cognates such as working holidaymaking, international internships, and gap year labor, as discursive fields in which powerful ideas about language(s), their speakers, and pedagogical practices are propagated worldwide. The various authors’ chapters shed light on the hegemony of global English, the social consequences of linguistic commodification and neoliberal rationalities, the ways in which speaker identity positions can alter the exchange value of languages, and how language competencies are tied to power in the labor market, among related topics. This volume will be of interest to readers in Applied Linguistics, Critical Sociolinguistics, Educational and Linguistic Anthropology, Tourism and Leisure Studies, Migration and Mobility Studies, and Language Teaching and Learning.
Vom Gemeingeist zum Habitus: Sozialphilosophische Implikationen der Phänomenologie (Phaenomenologica #225)
by Emanuele CaminadaDieses Buch bietet die erste systematische Interpretation von Husserls Ideen für eine reine Phänomenologie und phänomenologische Philosophie anhand der neuen kritischen Edition von Ideen II (Hua IV/V).Es ermöglicht eine phänomenologische Auslegung des allgemein-metaphysischen Problems, wie physische, mentale und soziale Tatsachen zusammenhängen.Das Buch diskutiert und interpretiert detailliert einige von Husserls zentralen Konzeptionen und zeigt die Konsequenzen seines Denkansatzes und seiner Theorieentwicklung. Natur und Gemeingeist sind Husserl zufolge die Grundbegriffe der naturalistischen und der personalistischen Einstellungen und dienen als Leitfaden der Unterscheidung zwischen Natur- und Geisteswissenschaften. In der kritischen Auseinandersetzung mit diesem wissenschaftstheoretischen Dualismus führt Husserl den Habitus-Begriff methodisch ein, um das Verhältnis von Natur- und Sozialontologie aus der konkreten Erfahrung heraus phänomenologisch neu zu deuten, womit der spätere, anti-dualistische Weg der Lebensweltphänomenologie vorbereitet wird.In Husserls Studien zur Regionalontologie des Gemeingeistes rückt das konkrete Subjekt in den Vordergrund der Intentionalitätsanalyse, indem die sinntragenden Elemente der Inaktualitität auf Habitualisierungsprozesse und die Intersubjektivität auf Sozialisierungsstufen zurückgeführt werden. Dank der durch den Habitus-Begriff ermöglichten klaren Unterscheidung zwischen konstituierender Aktualität und konstitutiver Relevanz des inaktuellen Horizonts kann Husserls Philosophie des Geistes als individualistisch und holistisch zugleich gelten. Dieser ontologischen Position entspricht auch Husserls sozialepistemologische Ansicht, dass sich Wissenschaften erst im Rahmen idealisierter Sozialstrukturen entfalten können. Durch diese idealisierenden Operationen wird die Konstitution der Objektivität möglich, welche die Wissenschaften anstreben. Deren Rationalität ist deshalb in ihren konkreten und idealisierten Sozialitätsstufen und Habitualitäten zu befragen.
Vom Spiegel des Universums: Eine Geistesgeschichte der Mathematik
by Wolfgang Tschirk«Alle Formeln und Resultate sind fertig, nur den Weg muss ich noch finden, auf dem ich zu ihnen gelangen werde», soll Gauß einmal gesagt haben. Um den Weg, um die vielen Wege zu den Formeln und Resultaten der Mathematik, geht es in diesem Buch. Geboren aus der Lust am Wissen, genährt von der Naturphilosophie, begrenzt nur von den Grenzen des Denkens, stellt die Mathematik dessen Werkzeug und Gegenstand dar. Wir folgen ihren Spuren von der Antike bis in unsere Tage. In acht Kapiteln führt das Buch durch zweitausend Jahre Wissenschaft von den Zahlen, den Figuren, den Gleichungen, von Differential und Integral, vom Zufall, von den Räumen, den Mengen und den logischen Schlüssen.
Vom Universum des Denkens: Eine Geistesgeschichte der Logik
by Wolfgang TschirkLogik ist überall: im vernunftgemäßen Urteil, in der Einsicht, die den Glauben ergänzt, in Sprache und Mathematik, in einer aufgeklärten Ethik und in der Frage nach der Wahrheit und den Grenzen des Wissens. Sie scheint unverzichtbar, selbstverständlich und immer schon da gewesen zu sein, solange Menschen denken. Doch auch die Logik musste erst geschaffen werden – auch sie blickt, wie alle klassischen Wissenschaften, auf ein fünfundzwanzig Jahrhunderte währendes Entstehen zurück, und viele der größten Geister haben an ihr gebaut. Davon berichtet dieses Buch.
Von Bauingenieurinnen und Sozialarbeitern: Studien(fach)wahlen im Kontext von sozialem Milieu und Geschlecht
by Lena LogeDieses Open-Access-Buch geht theoretisch und empirisch der Frage nach, wie Studien(fach)wahlen im Kontext von sozialem Milieu und sozialem Geschlecht entstehen und nutzt dazu das Habituskonzept nach Pierre Bourdieu und die daran anschließende Methode der Habitushermeneutik. Der Weg an eine Hochschule und in ein spezifisches Studienfach wird nach wie vor grundlegend durch die soziale Herkunft wie auch das soziale Geschlecht beeinflusst. Allerdings wird das Zusammenspiel dieser beiden Dimensionen in Studien der Bildungs- und Geschlechterforschung häufig nur ungenügend berücksichtigt. Es wird gezeigt, dass die Entscheidung, ob und warum überhaupt ein Studium aufgenommen wird, primär durch das soziale Milieu bestimmt ist – ‚Frauen‘ und ‚Männer‘ eines sozialen Milieus verbindet hier mehr als sie trennt. Innerhalb dieses milieuspezifischen Rahmens prägt das soziale Geschlecht den weiteren Möglichkeitsraum der Studienfachwahl.
Von Eratosthenes bis Einstein: Eine mathematische Zeitreise durch die Geschichte des physikalischen Weltbilds
by Michael BürkerDer Buchtitel Von Eratosthenes bis Einstein deutet einen großen Bogen an, der in einer mathematischen Zeitreise durchlaufen wird. Das Buch wendet sich an Studierende und an Personen, welche mehr über die Geschichte unseres Weltbilds von der Antike bis zur Gegenwart im Zusammenhang mit den Biografien der Protagonisten erfahren wollen. In der Antike sind dies Denker, welche nach rationalen Ursachen der Naturerscheinungen fragen und rationale Antworten versuchen, und Denker, welche Philosophie, Mathematik und Astronomie zu einer ersten Blüte bringen. In der Renaissance und Neuzeit weisen Kopernikus mit dem heliozentrischen Weltbild sowie Galilei und Kepler mit einer neuen Verknüpfung von Empirie und mathematisch geprägter Theorie den Weg zu naturwissenschaftlichem Denken, vollendet Isaac Newton mit einer tieferen Begründung und Mathematisierung der Physik die kopernikanische Wende und eröffnet gleichzeitig eine Forschungs- und Wissensvielfalt ohnegleichen. Schließlich legen Planck mit der Quantentheorie und Einstein mit den beiden Relativitätstheorien die Grundlagen unseres heutigen Weltbilds, in dem die Urknalltheorie den Beginn unserer Raumzeit vor etwa 14 Milliarden Jahren anzeigt, aber auch die Frage aufkommt, ob hinter der Entwicklung des Universums, wie wir es heute verstehen, eine zielgerichtete Strategie hin zur Existenz des Menschen steckt oder ob diese Entwicklung ein bloßer Zufall äußerst geringer Wahrscheinlichkeit ist.
Von der Mathematisierung in der Ökonomie zur modernen Finanzmathematik: Zeitzeugen berichten
by Agnes HandwerkUnterstützt von vielen historischen Dokumenten und Interviews mit Zeitzeugen geht dieses Werk auf ein bedeutsames Thema der Wissenschaftsgeschichte ein: die Entstehung der modernen Finanzmathematik in der zweiten Hälfte des letzten Jahrhunderts.Einführend geht der bekannte Finanzmathematiker Hans Föllmer auf die Entstehungsgeschichte dieser neuen akademischen Disziplin ein und berichtet, wie die neoklassische Wirtschaftstheorie in den 1960er Jahren immer weitere Verbreitung findet und mit ihrer Formalisierung junge Mathematiker anzieht. Dieser zunehmende wissenschaftliche Austausch zwischen Ökonomen und Mathematikern, wegweisend hier eine Gruppe um Werner Hildenbrand an der Universität Bonn, der auch Hans Föllmer angehört, führt zu einer Mathematisierung und damit grundlegenden Änderung der Finanzwissenschaft. Vor allem die Theoriebildung erhält einen enormen Aufschwung, stark unterstützt durch neugegründete Fachzeitschriften, was zu einer Festigung der Finanzmathematik als eigenständige akademische Disziplin führt. Das Buch stellt die Entwicklung dieser modernen Wissenschaft anschaulich, verständlich und anhand vieler Zeitzeugenberichte dar, geht am Ende aber auch auf Grundlagenfragen ein: Schon seit den 1990er Jahren, und dann vor allem nach der Finanzkrise 2008, stellen Wissenschaftler die Frage, ob sich gesellschaftliche Prozesse oder das Verhalten von Akteuren an Finanzmärkten überhaupt korrekt mit Methoden der Naturwissenschaften modellieren lassen.
Voodoo Science: The Road From Foolishness To Fraud
by Robert L. ParkIn a time of dazzling scientific progress, how can we separate genuine breakthroughs from the noisy gaggle of false claims? From Deepak Chopra's "quantum alternative to growing old" to unwarranted hype surrounding the International Space Station, Robert Park leads us down the back alleys of fringe science, through the gleaming corridors of Washington power and even into our evolutionary past to search out the origins of voodoo science. Along the way, he offers simple and engaging science lessons, proving that you don't have to be a scientist to spot the fraudulent science that swirls around us. While remaining highly humorous, this hard-hitting account also tallies the cost: the billions spent on worthless therapies, the tax dollars squandered on government projects that are doomed to fail, the investors bilked by schemes that violate the most fundamental laws of nature. But the greatest cost is human: fear of imaginary dangers, reliance on magical cures, and above all, a mistaken view of how the world works. To expose the forces that sustain voodoo science, Park examines the role of the media, the courts, bureaucrats and politicians, as well as the scientific community. Scientists argue that the cure is to raise general scientific literacy. But what exactly should a scientifically literate society know? Park argues that the public does not need a specific knowledge of science so much as a scientific world view--an understanding that we live in an orderly universe governed by natural laws that cannot be circumvented.
Vor dem Big Bang
by Gian Francesco GiudiceIn Vor dem Big Bang entfaltet sich eine tiefgründige und faszinierende Erzählung über die Ursprünge und die Entwicklung des Universums. Ausgangspunkt ist eine gründliche Untersuchung der klassischen Urknalltheorie, die dann den Blick auf moderne wissenschaftliche Modelle wie das Multiversum und die Bedingungen vor dem Urknall öffnet. Präzise erläutert der Autor die Rolle der allgemeinen Relativitätstheorie und der Quantenmechanik in der modernen Kosmologie und beleuchtet bahnbrechende wissenschaftliche Debatten und Entdeckungen, die unser Wissen über das Universum stetig erweitern. Anschauliche Beispiele und klar verständliche Erklärungen machen komplexe Themen wie die kosmische Inflation, nicht-euklidische Geometrien und Hypothesen zu parallelen Universen zugänglich. Die Entwicklung des Universums wird von den ersten Sekundenbruchteilen nach dem Urknall bis hin zu den neuesten Erkenntnissen der modernen Physik dargestellt. Vor dem Big Bang gewährt tiefe Einblicke in die Mechanismen, die das Universum formen, und setzt die aktuellsten Forschungsergebnisse in einen breiteren ideengeschichtlichen Kontext. Diese faszinierende Synthese aus Wissenschaft und Philosophie lädt dazu ein, das Universum mit neuen Augen zu sehen.
Vormoderne, Totalitarismus und die Nicht-Banalität des Bösen: Ein Vergleich zwischen Deutschland, Spanien, Schweden und Frankreich
by Steven SaxonbergDieses Buch bietet eine vergleichende und historische Analyse des Totalitarismus und geht der Frage nach, warum Spanien während der Inquisition totalitär wurde, Frankreich aber nicht; und warum Deutschland im vergangenen Jahrhundert totalitär wurde, Schweden aber nicht. Der Autor verlegt das Konzept des Totalitarismus zurück in die Vormoderne und stellt Hannah Arendts Vorstellung von der Banalität des Bösen in Frage. Stattdessen stellt er einen alternativen Rahmen vor, der erklären kann, warum manche Staaten totalitär werden und warum sie Menschen zu bösen Handlungen verleiten.
Voters' Verdicts: Citizens, Campaigns, and Institutions in State Supreme Court Elections (Constitutionalism and Democracy)
by Chris W. Bonneau Damon M. CannIn Voters' Verdicts, Chris Bonneau and Damon Cann address contemporary concerns with judicial elections by investigating factors that influence voters' decisions in the election of state supreme court judges. Bonneau and Cann demonstrate that the move to nonpartisan elections, while it depresses political participation, does little to mute the effects of partisanship and ideology. The authors note the irony that judicial elections, often faulted for politicizing the legal process, historically represented an attempt to correct the lack of accountability in the selection of judges by appointment, since unlike appointive systems, judicial elections are at least transparent. This comprehensive study rests on a broad evidentiary base that spans numerous states and a variety of electoral systems. Bonneau and Cann use the first national survey of voters in state supreme court elections paired with novel laboratory experiments to evaluate the influence of incumbency and other ballot cues on voters' decisions. Data-rich and analytically rigorous, this provocative volume shows why voters decide to participate in judicial elections and what factors they consider in casting their votes. A volume in the series Constitutionalism and Democracy
Votes from Seats: Logical Models of Electoral Systems
by Shugart Matthew S. Rein TaageperaTake the number of seats in a representative assembly and the number of seats in districts through which this assembly is elected. From just these two numbers, the authors of Votes from Seats show that it is possible to deduce the number of parties in the assembly and in the electorate, as well as the size of the largest party. Inside parties, the vote distributions of individual candidates likewise follow predictable patterns. Four laws of party seats and votes are constructed by logic and tested, using scientific approaches rare in social sciences. Both complex and simple electoral systems are covered, and the book offers a set of 'best practices' for electoral system design. The ability to predict so much from so little, and to apply to countries worldwide, is an advance in the systematic analysis of a core institutional feature found in any democracy, and points the way towards making social sciences more predictive.
Votos, drogas y violencia
by Guillermo Trejo¿POR QUÉ A MEDIDA QUE LA DEMOCRACIA SE HA CONSOLIDADO EN MÉXICO LA VIOLENCIA A GRAN ESCALA SE HA MULTIPLICADO?. Guillermo Trejo y Sandra Ley ofrecen en este libro una teoría novedosa y necesaria sobre la violencia criminal, que enfatiza la influencia crucial de la política. A partir de estudios de caso en profundidad y análisis estadísticos que abarcan más de dos décadas y distintos niveles de gobierno, muestran que los procesos de transición democrática, aunados a la fragmentación del poder político, pudieron ser la causa principal del estallido e intensificación de las guerras en México, así como su expansión a las esferas de la política local y la sociedad civil. A diferencia de estudios previos, que ven a los grupos de crimen organizado como empresas económicas libres que operan en oposición a las autoridades estatales, Trejo y Ley los conciben como grupos ilegales íntimamente relacionados con el Estado. Por tanto, estos grupos responden al cambio político: el crimen organizado no puede existir ni operar con éxito si no cuenta con algún grado de protección estatal. Los autores denominan a esa intersección colaborativa zona gris, un espacio donde los grupos criminales pueden respirar, crecer, reproducirse y triunfar. Sin embargo, cuando la esfera del poder estatal cambia, el equilibrio de la zona gris también lo hace y eso genera violencia. Votos, drogas y violencia propone un nuevo enfoque político que amplía nuestra comprensión del crimen organizado y de las condiciones que propician la guerra y la paz en el inframundo criminal.
Vox Humana Craftsmanship: Origins, Intersections and Influence on Lithuanian Pipe Organ Building (Numanities - Arts and Humanities in Progress #23)
by Rima Povilionienė Girėnas Povilionis Diego CannizzaroThis book provides a thorough analysis focused on the sound expression produced by human-crafted musical instrument – a pipe organ, in which various components blend into a complex whole to produce a wide range of timbres. The sound produced by wooden and metal pipes of a variety of sizes is an integral part of the instrument’s unique character, while the organ stop is like its signature, from which one can judge about the size and style of the instrument, an organ building school or even an organ master, to which it is attributable. Precise identification of the name of the stop in accordance to both the pipework itself and the authentic inscriptions on the pipes is instrumental in investigating the geographic origins and authorship of an organ. The monograph focuses on the craftsmanship of complex and historically influential organ stop Vox humana. Its research and definition provides specific information distinguishing particular features in the variety of organ building traditions and discussing the differences in organ sound perception and production. The volume is aimed at art and music historians, as well as musicologists and scholars researching restoration techniques.The book contains supplemental material with video and audio material as well as photo-documentation of authentic Vox humana examples. The material is placed in the online catalog, which may be accessed by scanning the QR code in the appendix of the book.dsgdsgds
Vox Populi: Essays in the History of an Idea (Seminar in the History of Ideas)
by George BoasOriginally published in 1969. The proverb vox populi, vox Dei first appeared in a work by Alcuin (ca. 798), who wrote that "the people [] are to be led, not followed. [] Nor are those to be listened to who are accustomed to say, 'The voice of the people is the voice of God.'" Tracing the changing meaning of the saying through European history, George Boas finds that "the people" are not an easily identifiable group. For many centuries the butt of jokes and the substance of comic relief in serious drama, the people became in time an object of pity and, later, of aesthetic appeal. Popular opinion, despised in ancient Rome, was something sought, after the French Revolution. The first essay documents the use of the titular proverb through the eighteenth century. In the next six essays, Boas attempts to determine who the people were and how writers and philosophers have regarded them throughout history. He also examines the people as the creators of literature, art, and music, and as the subject of others' artistic representations. In a final essay, he discusses egalitarianism, which has given a voice to the common person. Animating Boas's account is his own belief in the importance of the individual's voice—as opposed to the voice of the masses, which is by no means necessarily that of God or reason.
Vox Populi: The Perils & Promises of Populism
by Roger KimballBeginning with a reflection on the problems of populism for American conservatism, the essays expound broadly and deeply on populist unrest--the populist revolts of ancient Rome, the rise of popular referenda and the Brexit vote, American populism and the legacy of H. L. Mencken, populism and the Founders' generation, populism and identity, populism around the world, the birth of a new American populist movement, and populism's historical impact on the American party system. The book concludes with a discussion of the struggle to keep government in the hands of a free people.
Vulnerabilities: Rethinking Medicine Rights and Humanities in Post-pandemic (Integrated Science #18)
by Stefania Achella Chantal MaraziaDrawing from a wide array of disciplinary perspectives and geographical contexts, this volume offers new insights for critically engaging with the problem of vulnerability. The essays here contained take the move from the COVID-19 pandemic, in order to explore the inherent vulnerability of individuals, but also of social, economic and political systems, and probe the descriptive and prescriptive import of the concept.Each chapter provides a self-contained perspective on vulnerability, as well as a specific methodological framework for questioning its meaning. Taken together, the chapters combine into a multi-disciplinary toolkit for approaching the various forms and structures of vulnerability, with a special attention to the intersectional factors shaping the individual experience of it: from gender to age, from disability to mental illness, from hospitalisation to incarceration. The book explores the theoretical richness and complexity of the concept and proposes new analytical approaches to it, before illustrating its multifariousness through empirically grounded case studies. The closing section engages with “the future of vulnerability”, as a hermeneutic, epistemological, and critical-normative perspective to be deployed beyond the domain of global crises and emergencies.The volume is primarily intended as a reference for scholars in the human, social and health sciences. The accessible structure and plain language of the chapters make it also a valuable didactic resource for graduate courses in philosophy, the social sciences and public health.
Vulnerability Politics: The Uses and Abuses of Precarity in Political Debate
by Katie OlivieroA new understanding of vulnerability in contemporary political cultureProgressive thinkers have argued that placing the concept of vulnerability at the center of discussions about social justice would lead governments to more equitably distribute resources and create opportunities for precarious groups – especially women, children, people of color, queers, immigrants and the poor. At the same time, conservatives claim that their values and communities are vulnerable to attack–often by these same groups. In turn, they craft antidemocratic representations of vulnerability that significantly influence the political landscape, restricting human and legal rights for many in order to expand them for a historically privileged few.Vulnerability Politics examines how twenty-first century political struggles over immigration, LGBTQ rights, reproductive justice, and police violence have created a sense of vulnerability that has an impact on culture and the law. By researching organizations like the Minutemen (civilians who monitor the US/Mexico border), the Protect Marriage Coalition (a campaign to ban same-sex marriage in California), and the Center for Bio-Ethical Reform (an anti-abortion movement), Katie Oliviero shows how conservative movements use the rhetoric of risk to oppose liberal policies by claiming that the nation, family, and morality are imperiled and in need of government protection.The author argues that this sensationalism has shifted the focus away from the everyday and institutional precarities experienced by marginalized communities and instead reinforces the idea that groups only deserve social justice protections when their beliefs reflect the dominant nationalist, racial, and sexual ideals.
Vulnerability and Human Rights (Essays on Human Rights #1)
by Bryan S. TurnerThe mass violence of the twentieth century’s two world wars—followed more recently by decentralized and privatized warfare, manifested in terrorism, ethnic cleansing, and other localized forms of killing—has led to a heightened awareness of human beings’ vulnerability and the precarious nature of the institutions they create to protect themselves from violence and exploitation. This vulnerability, something humans share amid the diversity of cultural beliefs and values that mark their differences, provides solid ground on which to construct a framework of human rights.Bryan Turner undertakes this task here, developing a sociology of rights from a sociology of the human body. His blending of empirical research with normative analysis constitutes an important step forward for the discipline of sociology. Like anthropology, sociology has traditionally eschewed the study of justice as beyond the limits of a discipline that pays homage to cultural relativism and the “value neutrality” of positivistic science. Turner’s expanded approach accordingly involves a truly interdisciplinary dialogue with the literature of economics, law, medicine, philosophy, political science, and religion.
Vulnerability in Resistance
by Judith Butler Zeynep Gambetti Leticia SabsayVulnerability and resistance have often been seen as opposites, with the assumption that vulnerability requires protection and the strengthening of paternalistic power at the expense of collective resistance. Focusing on political movements and cultural practices in different global locations, including Turkey, Palestine, France, and the former Yugoslavia, the contributors to Vulnerability in Resistance articulate an understanding of the role of vulnerability in practices of resistance. They consider how vulnerability is constructed, invoked, and mobilized within neoliberal discourse, the politics of war, resistance to authoritarian and securitarian power, in LGBTQI struggles, and in the resistance to occupation and colonial violence. The essays offer a feminist account of political agency by exploring occupy movements and street politics, informal groups at checkpoints and barricades, practices of self-defense, hunger strikes, transgressive enactments of solidarity and mourning, infrastructural mobilizations, and aesthetic and erotic interventions into public space that mobilize memory and expose forms of power. Pointing to possible strategies for a feminist politics of transversal engagements and suggesting a politics of bodily resistance that does not disavow forms of vulnerability, the contributors develop a new conception of embodiment and sociality within fields of contemporary power.Contributors. Meltem Ahiska, Athena Athanasiou, Sarah Bracke, Judith Butler, Elsa Dorlin, Basak Ertür, Zeynep Gambetti, Rema Hammami, Marianne Hirsch, Elena Loizidou, Leticia Sabsay, Nükhet Sirman, Elena Tzelepis
Vulnerability, Autonomy, and Applied Ethics (Routledge Research in Applied Ethics)
by Christine StraehleVulnerability is an important concern of moral philosophy, political philosophy and many discussions in applied ethics. Yet the concept itself—what it is and why it is morally salient—is under-theorized. Vulnerability, Autonomy, and Applied Ethics brings together theorists working on conceptualizing vulnerability as an action-guiding principle in these discussions, as well as bioethicists, medical ethicists and public policy theorists working on instances of vulnerability in specific contexts. This volume offers new and innovative work by Joel Anderson, Carla Bagnoli, Samia Hurst, Catriona Mackenzie and Christine Straehle, who together provide a discussion of the concept of vulnerability from the perspective of individual autonomy. The exchanges among authors will help show the heuristic value of vulnerability that is being developed in the context of liberal political theory and moral philosophy. The book also illustrates how applying the concept of vulnerability to some of the most pressing moral questions in applied ethics can assist us in making moral judgments. This highly innovative and interdisciplinary approach will help those grappling with questions of vulnerability in medical ethics—both theorists and practitioners—by providing principles along which to decide hard cases.
Vulnerability, Childhood and the Law (SpringerBriefs in Law)
by Jonathan HerringThis book will challenge the orthodox view that children cannot have the same rights as adults because they are particularly vulnerable. It will argue that we should treat adults and children in the same way as the child liberationists claim. However, the basis of that claim is not that children are more competent than we traditionally given them credit for, but rather that adults are far less competent than we give them credit for. It is commonly assumed that children are more vulnerable. That is why we need to have a special legal regime for children. Children cannot have all the same rights as adults and need especial protect from harms. While in the 1970s “child liberationists” mounted a sustained challenge to this image, arguing that childhood was a form of slavery and that the assumption that children lacked capacity was unsustainable. This movement has significantly fallen out of favour, particularly given increasing awareness of child abuse and the multiple ways that children can be harmed at the hands of adults. This book will explore the concept of vulnerability, the way it used to undermine the interests of children and our assumptions that adults are not vulnerable in the same way that children are. It will argue that a law based around mutual vulnerability can provide an approach which avoids the need to distinguish adults and children.
Vulnerable Bodies: New Directions in Disability Studies
by Floris TomasiniThis book offers new direction in disability studies, by integrating the medical and social model of disability. The first aim is to provide an integral approach to thinking about impairment and disability through the integrative lens of being vulnerable. The second aim is to transcend the normative trap which impairment and disability debate finds itself locked in.Disability debate is trapped in a normative struggle to escape oppressive norms. Either, by legitimizing the desire to be free from impairment, where a legitimization identity is promoted through the medical model. Or, by resisting discriminative social norms, where the desire is to be free from oppressive social barriers that exist on top of having impairment. Identifying with one’s vulnerability, or embodied uncertainty, allows for the possibility of forging meaning and building new identity. It allows freedom to express embodied difference, rather than to transform or defend it.
Vulnerable Minds: The Neuropolitics of Divided Societies
by Liya YuNeuroscience research has raised a troubling possibility: Could the tendency to stigmatize others be innate? Some evidence suggests that the brain is prone to in-group and out-group classifications, with consequences from ordinary blind spots to full-scale dehumanization. Many are inclined to reject the argument that racism and discrimination could have a cognitive basis. Yet if we are all vulnerable to thinking in exclusionary ways—if everyone, from the most ardent social-justice advocates to bigots and xenophobes, has mental patterns and structures in common—could this shared flaw open new prospects for political rapprochement?Liya Yu develops a novel political framework that builds on neuroscientific discoveries to rethink the social contract. She argues that our political selves should be understood in terms of our shared social capacities, especially our everyday exclusionary tendencies. Yu contends that cognitive dehumanization is the most crucial disruptor of cooperation and solidarity, and liberal values-based discourse is inadequate against it. She advances a new neuropolitical language of persuasion that refrains from moralizing or shaming and instead appeals to shared neurobiological vulnerabilities. Offering practical strategies to address those we disagree with most strongly, Vulnerable Minds provides timely guidance on meeting the challenge of including and humanizing others.
Vygotsky and Pedagogy
by Harry DanielsThe Routledge Classic Edition of Daniels’ influential 2001 text Vygotsky and Pedagogy explores the growing interest in Vygotsky and the pedagogic implications of the body of work that is developing under the influence of his theories. With a new preface from Harry Daniels this book explores the growing interest in Vygotsky and the pedagogic implications of the body of work that is developing under the influence of his theories. It provides an overview of the ways in which the original writing has been extended and identifies areas for future development. The author considers how these developments are creating new and important possibilities for the practices of teaching and learning in school and beyond, and illustrates how Vygotskian theory can be applied in the classroom. The book is intended for students and academics in education and the social sciences and will be of interest to all those who wish to develop an analysis of pedagogic practice within and beyond the field of education.