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Wittgenstein's Philosophy of Mind (Routledge Revivals)
by Ashok VohraPhilosophers since Descartes have felt themselves compelled to make a choice between mind and body. Wittgenstein’s Philosophy of Mind, first published in 1986, argues that there is no genuine epistemological problem of mind, and that the widespread philosophical scepticism with regard to our knowledge of other minds is without foundation. Ashok Vohra applies Wittgenstein’s method to show that the problem has arisen through a tendency to over-philosophise our simple experiences. Vohra presents a positive account of Wittgenstein’s philosophy of mind, arguing that to consider his philosophy entirely destructive is misleading. He shows that knowledge of mind is gained through a large complex of intersubjectively identifiable factors such as the linguistic and non-linguistic past, present and future behaviour of the person concerned. He thus justifies the belief, on which psychology and psychoanalysis are based, that mind is not a mystery to which only the owner has privileged access.
Wittgenstein's Philosophy of Psychology: Wittgenstein's Philosophy Of Psychology (Routledge Revivals)
by Malcolm BuddFirst published in 1989, this book tackles a relatively little-explored area of Wittgenstein’s work, his philosophy of psychology, which played an important part in his late philosophy. Writing with clarity and insight, Budd traces the complexities of Wittgenstein’s thought, and provides a detailed picture of his views on psychological concepts. A useful guide to the writings of Wittgenstein, the book will be of value to anyone concerned with his work as a whole, as well as those with a more general interest in the philosophy of psychology.
Wittgenstein’s Pre-Tractatus Writings: Interpretations and Reappraisals (History of Analytic Philosophy)
by Jimmy Plourde Mathieu MarionThis volume brings into focus the unique philosophical and historical importance of Wittgenstein's pre-Tractatus writings. These contributed essays show that Wittgenstein’s earliest writings are worth studying for their own sake. They also reveal how much one can still learn about the Tractatus, if we are to study these early writings not as documenting one’s prior interpretation of the Tractatus, but as a series of steps in Wittgenstein’s thought, some down paths that are later abandoned, some leading towards it. The volume thus offers not only a fresh perspective on the pre-Tractatus writings, but also a comprehensive reading of a wide range of central topics from the very first letters, the “Notes on Logic”, the “Notes dictated to G.E. Moore” to the three surviving war-time notebooks
Wittgenstein's Remarks on the Foundations of AI
by Stuart G. ShankerWittgenstein's Remarks on the Foundations of AI is a valuable contribution to the study of Wittgenstein's theories and his controversial attack on artifical intelligence, which successfully crosses a number of disciplines, including philosophy, psychology, logic, artificial intelligence and cognitive science, to provide a stimulating and searching analysis.
Wittgenstein's Tractatus at 100
by Martin Stokhof Hao TangThe 100th anniversary of the first publication of Wittgenstein’s Tractatus is celebrated by a collection of original papers by well-known experts on various aspects of one of the greatest works of philosophy in the twentieth century.
Wittgenstein's Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus: A Critical Guide (Cambridge Critical Guides)
by José L. ZalabardoPublished just over a century ago, Wittgenstein's Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus is the only book-length work to have been published during his lifetime and it continues to generate interest and scholarly debate. It is structured as a series of propositions on metaphysics, language, the nature of philosophy, and the distinction between what can be said and what can be shown. This volume brings together eleven new essays on the Tractatus covering a wide variety of topics, from the central Tractarian doctrines concerning representation, the structure of the world and the nature of logic, to less prominent issues including ethics, natural science, mathematics and the self. Individual essays advance specific exegetical debates in important ways, and taken as a whole they offer an excellent showcase of contemporary ideas on how to read the Tractatus and its relevance to contemporary thought.
Wittgenstein's Vienna Revisited
by Allan JanikFin de siecle Vienna was once memorably described by Karl Kraus as a "proving ground for the destruction of the world." In the decades leading to the World War that brought down the Austro-Hungarian empire, the city was at once an operetta dream world masking social and political problems and tension, as well as a center for the far-reaching explorations and innovations in music, art, science, and philosophy that would help to define modernity. One of the most powerful critiques of the retreat into fantasy was that of the philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein, whose early career in Vienna has helped frame debates about ethical and aesthetic values in culture. In Wittgenstein's Vienna Revisited Allan Janik expands upon his work Wittgenstein's Vienna (co-authored with Stephen Toulmin) to amplify a number of significant points concerning the genesis of Wittgenstein's thought, the nature of Viennese culture, and criticism of contemporary culture.Although Wittgenstein is the central figure in this volume, Janik places considerable emphasis on other influential figures, both Viennese and non-Viennese, in order to break down some of the persistent stereotypes about the philosopher and his surrounding culture, especially the myths of "carefree" Vienna and Wittgenstein the positivist. The persistence of these myths, in Janik's view, stems in part from the inability of many historians to differentiate past from present in the evaluation of intellectual currents. Janik reviews a number of figures overlooked in assessing Wittgenstein: Otto Weininger, Kraus, Schoenberg, Nietzsche, Wagner, Ibsen, Offenbach, and Georg Trakl. All of these, Janik demonstrates, are absolutely necessary to understand what was at stake in the debates on aestheticism and the critique of a modern culture.Wittgenstein's efforts to recognize the limits of thought and language and thus to be fair to science, religion, and art account for his place of honor among critical modernists. These essays elucidate Wittgenstein's perspective on our culture.
Wittgenstein's Whewell's Court Lectures: Cambridge, 1938 - 1941, From the Notes by Yorick Smythies
by Yorick SmythiesWittgenstein’s Whewell’s Court Lectures contains previously unpublished notes from lectures given by Ludwig Wittgenstein between 1938 and 1941. The volume offers new insight into the development of Wittgenstein’s thought and includes some of the finest examples of Wittgenstein’s lectures in regard to both content and reliability. Many notes in this text refer to lectures from which no other detailed notes survive, offering new contexts to Wittgenstein’s examples and metaphors, and providing a more thorough and systematic treatment of many topics Each set of notes is accompanied by an editorial introduction, a physical description and dating of the notes, and a summary of their relation to Wittgenstein’s Nachlass Offers new insight into the development of Wittgenstein’s ideas, in particular his ideas about certainty and concept-formation The lectures include more than 70 illustrations of blackboard drawings, which underline the importance of visual thought in Wittgenstein’s approach to philosophy Challenges the dating of some already published lecture notes, including the Lectures on Freedom of the Will and the Lectures on Religious Belief
The Wives of Western Philosophy: Gender Politics in Intellectual Labor
by Jennifer Forestal and Menaka PhilipsThe Wives of Western Philosophy examines the lives and experiences of the wives and women associated with nine distinct political thinkers—from Socrates to Marx—in order to explore the gendered patterns of intellectual labor that permeate the foundations of Western political thought. Organized chronologically and representative of three eras in the history of political thought (Ancient, Early Modern, and Modern), nine critical biographical chapters explore the everyday acts of intellectual labor and partnership involving these "wives of the canon." Taking seriously their narratives as intimate partners reveals that wives have labored in remarkable ways throughout the history of political thought. In some cases, their labors mark the conceptual boundaries of political life; in others, they serve as uncredited resources for the production of political ideas. In all instances, however, these wives and intimates are pushed to the margins of the history of political thought. The Wives of Western Philosophy brings these women to the center of scholarly interest. In so doing, it provides new insights into the intellectual biographies of some of the most famed men in political theory while also raising important questions about the gendered politics of intellectual labor which shape our receptions of canonical texts and thinkers, and which sustain the academy even today.
The Wizard of Oz and Philosophy
by Randall E. Auxier Phil SengFrom the bedtime story by L. Frank Baum to the classic 1939 film, no story has captured the imaginations of generations of children - and adults - like The Wizard of Oz. The story of Dorothy's journey through Oz, the colorful characters, places, songs, and dialogue have permeated popular culture around the world. The contributors to this volume take a very close look at The Wizard of Oz and ask the tough questions about this wonderful tale. They wonder if someone can possess a virtue without knowing it, and if the realm of Oz was really the dream or if Kansas was the dream. Why does water melt the Wicked Witch of the West and why does Toto seem to know what the other characters can't seem to figure out? The articles included tackle these compelling questions and more, encouraging readers to have discussions of their own.
The Wizard of Oz and Philosophy: Wicked Wisdom of the West
by Randall E. Auxier Phillip S. SengEssays explore philosophical themes in the Wizard of Oz saga, comprising the books by L. Frank Baum, the 1939 film, the novel Wicked, and related films and plays.
WJEC/Eduqas Religious Studies for A Level & AS - Philosophy of Religion Revised
by Karl Lawson Richard GrayOur popular Philosophy of Religion student book has been completely revised and updated to provide a single book for AS and A-level. Written by a team of experienced teachers and authors with an in-depth understanding of teaching, learning and assessment at AS and A-level, this accessible and engaging student book will support your students throughout the course and help them prepare for the exams. - Submitted for endorsement to WJEC/Eduqas to ensure high quality support you can trust- Updated to provide improved mapping to the specifications with focused content and support in a single book for A Level and AS, offering excellent value for money- Accessible language and appealing layout help your students more easily engage with the information and get the most out of the course- Provides a skill-based approach to learning, which combines content of the course and exam preparation throughout, helping students to develop important exam skills right from the start- Key terms and ideas are clearly identified and defined throughout- Regular exam practice questions with advice and exemplar answers help students prepare for the exams
WJEC/Eduqas Religious Studies for A Level & AS - Philosophy of Religion Revised
by Karl Lawson Richard GrayOur popular Philosophy of Religion student book has been completely revised and updated to provide a single book for AS and A-level. Written by a team of experienced teachers and authors with an in-depth understanding of teaching, learning and assessment at AS and A-level, this accessible and engaging student book will support your students throughout the course and help them prepare for the exams. - Submitted for endorsement to WJEC/Eduqas to ensure high quality support you can trust- Updated to provide improved mapping to the specifications with focused content and support in a single book for A Level and AS, offering excellent value for money- Accessible language and appealing layout help your students more easily engage with the information and get the most out of the course- Provides a skill-based approach to learning, which combines content of the course and exam preparation throughout, helping students to develop important exam skills right from the start- Key terms and ideas are clearly identified and defined throughout- Regular exam practice questions with advice and exemplar answers help students prepare for the exams
Wohin führt uns die Wissenschaft?: Und was wir tun können, um sie zu lenken
by Lars Jaeger Michel DacorognaIn den letzten 60 Jahren hat sich die Welt radikal gewandelt, angetrieben von bahnbrechenden Fortschritten in Wissenschaft und Technologie. Von den 1960ern bis heute erlebten wir einen beispiellosen Anstieg unseres Wissens in Bereichen wie Physik, Chemie, Biologie, Medizin, Computerwissenschaften und virtuelle Realitäten. Dies führte zur Entwicklung von wegweisenden Technologien wie Personalcomputern, dem Internet, Multitasking-Handys und fortschrittlicher künstlicher Intelligenz. Die Wissenschaft wurde dezentralisiert, und globale Forschergruppen arbeiten an komplexen Problemen, die unser Leben exponentiell beeinflussen. Unsere Welt verändert sich nicht mehr durch Einzeltechnologien, sondern durch die gleichzeitige Entwicklung verschiedener Technologien innerhalb weniger Jahre. Trotz des Wohlstands brachten Wissenschaft und Technologie auch neue globale Risiken mit sich. Atomkraft für das Militär, aufkommende künstliche Intelligenz, genetische Veränderungen und die Kontrolle durch Technologieunternehmen sind Herausforderungen, die unsere Zukunft prägen. Insgesamt hat der Fortschritt der letzten 60 Jahre unsere Welt transformiert und uns vor Chancen und Herausforderungen gestellt, die eine sorgfältige und ethische Gestaltung unserer Zukunft erfordern.
The Wolf at the Door: The Menace of Economic Insecurity and How to Fight It
by Michael J. Graetz Ian ShapiroAmericans face economic hardship but respond with fantastical solutions, from tax-cut magic to the end of capitalism. Michael Graetz and Ian Shapiro focus on what truly worries people: their own insecurity. The authors propose concrete reforms affecting jobs, unemployment, health care, and wages and share strategies to achieve changes people need.
Wolfhart Pannenberg (Routledge Revivals)
by Allan D. GallowayFirst published in 1973, Wolfhart Pannenberg is intended as an introduction for those who do not already know Pannenberg’s theology and to discuss some of the problems which it presents for those who do.Pannenberg’s theology of history has already been widely discussed. This is the first work to treat his theology as a whole—his doctrine of man, of history, of God and the Trinity, of Christology and resurrection, of Church and eschatology—showing how it all hangs together. It presents Pannenberg’s work sympathetically but not uncritically. Criticism which others have made are discussed and some new ones offered. The exposition is creative, offering fresh interpretations and, occasionally, venturing to suggest possible improvements in Pannenberg’s presentation of his argument. It is thus an original contribution as well as an interpretation.This book is directed to that growing section of the public which likes to keep in touch with what is happening in the forefront of theology and to know where the growth points are. Theological students will find it a useful aid to their own reading of Pannenberg.
Wollheim, Wittgenstein, and Pictorial Representation: Seeing-as and Seeing-in
by Gary Kemp Gabriele M MrasPictorial representation is one of the core questions in aesthetics and philosophy of art. What is a picture? How do pictures represent things? This collection of specially commissioned chapters examines the influential thesis that the core of pictorial representation is not resemblance but 'seeing-in', in particular as found in the work of Richard Wollheim. We can see a passing cloud as a rabbit, but we also see a rabbit in the clouds. 'Seeing-in' is an imaginative act of the kind employed by Leonardo’s pupils when he told them to see what they could - for example, battle scenes - in a wall of cracked plaster. This collection examines the idea of 'seeing-in' as it appears primarily in the work of Wollheim but also its origins in the work of Wittgenstein. An international roster of contributors examine topics such as the contrast between seeing-in and seeing-as; whether or in what sense Wollheim can be thought of as borrowing from Wittgenstein; the idea that all perception is conceptual or propositional; the metaphor of figure and ground and its relation to the notion of 'two-foldedness'; the importance in art of emotion and the imagination. Wollheim, Wittgenstein and Pictorial Representation: Seeing-as and Seeing-in is essential reading for students and scholars of aesthetics and philosophy of art, and also of interest to those in related subjects such as philosophy of mind and art theory.
Wollstonecraft: Philosophy, Passion, and Politics (Cambridge Texts In The History Of Political Thought Ser.)
by Sylvana TomaselliA compelling portrait of Mary Wollstonecraft that shows the intimate connections between her life and workMary Wollstonecraft’s A Vindication of the Rights of Woman, first published in 1792, is a work of enduring relevance in women's rights advocacy. However, as Sylvana Tomaselli shows, a full understanding of Wollstonecraft’s thought is possible only through a more comprehensive appreciation of Wollstonecraft herself, as a philosopher and moralist who deftly tackled major social and political issues and the arguments of such figures as Edmund Burke, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, and Adam Smith. Reading Wollstonecraft through the lens of the politics and culture of her own time, this book restores her to her rightful place as a major eighteenth-century thinker, reminding us why her work still resonates today.The book’s format echoes one that Wollstonecraft favored in Thoughts on the Education of Daughters: short essays paired with concise headings. Under titles such as “Painting,” “Music,” “Memory,” “Property and Appearance,” and “Rank and Luxury,” Tomaselli explores not only what Wollstonecraft enjoyed and valued, but also her views on society, knowledge and the mind, human nature, and the problem of evil—and how a society based on mutual respect could fight it. The resulting picture of Wollstonecraft reveals her as a particularly engaging author and an eloquent participant in enduring social and political concerns.Drawing us into Wollstonecraft’s approach to the human condition and the debates of her day, Wollstonecraft ultimately invites us to consider timeless issues with her, so that we can become better attuned to the world as she saw it then, and as we might wish to see it now.
Wollstonecraft, Mill, and Women's Human Rights
by Eileen Hunt BottingHow can women's rights be seen as a universal value rather than a Western value imposed upon the rest of the world? Addressing this question, Eileen Hunt Botting offers the first comparative study of writings by Mary Wollstonecraft and John Stuart Mill. Although Wollstonecraft and Mill were the primary philosophical architects of the view that women's rights are human rights, Botting shows how non-Western thinkers have revised and internationalized their original theories since the nineteenth century. Botting explains why this revised and internationalized theory of women's human rights--grown out of Wollstonecraft and Mill but stripped of their Eurocentric biases--is an important contribution to thinking about human rights in truly universal terms.
The Wollstonecraftian Mind (Routledge Philosophical Minds)
by Sandrine Bergès Eileen Hunt Botting Alan CoffeeThere has been a rising interest in the study of Mary Wollstonecraft (1759-1797) in philosophy, political theory, literary studies and the history of political thought in recent decades. The Wollstonecraftian Mind seeks to provide a comprehensive survey of her work, not only placing it in its historical context but also exploring its contemporary significance. Comprising 38 chapters by a team of international contributors this handbook covers: the background to Wollstonecraft’s work Wollstonecraft’s major works the relationship between Wollstonecraft and other major philosophers Wollstonecraftian philosophy Wollstonecraft’s legacy Essential reading for students and researchers in philosophy, Wollstonecraft’s work is central to the study of political philosophy, literature, French studies, political thought, and feminism.
Wollstonecraft's Ghost: The Fate of the Female Philosopher in the Romantic Period
by Andrew McInnesFocusing on the ways in which women writers from across the political spectrum engage with and adapt Wollstonecraft's political philosophy in order to advocate feminist reform, Andrew McInnes explores the aftermath of Wollstonecraft's death, the controversial publication of William Godwin's memoir of his wife, and Wollstonecraft's reception in the early nineteenth century. McInnes positions Wollstonecraft within the context of the eighteenth-century female philosopher figure as a literary archetype used in plays, poetry, polemic and especially novels, to represent the thinking woman and address anxieties about political, religious, and sexual heterodoxy. He provides detailed analyses of the ways in which women writers such as Mary Hays, Elizabeth Hamilton, Amelia Opie, and Maria Edgeworth negotiate Wollstonecraft's reputation as personal, political, and sexual pariah to reformulate her radical politics for a post-revolutionary Britain in urgent need of reform. Frances Burney's The Wanderer and Jane Austen's Mansfield Park, McInnes suggests, work as state-of-the-nation novels, drawing on Wollstonecraft's ideas to explore a changing England. McInnes concludes with an examination of Mary Shelley's engagement with her mother throughout her career as a novelist, arguing that Shelley gradually overcomes her anxiety over her mother's stature to address Wollstonecraft's ideas with increasing confidence.
The Woman and the Dynamo: Isabel Paterson and the Idea of America
by Stephen CoxNovelist, columnist, cultural critic, political theorist-- Isabel Paterson was one of the most extraordinary personalities of the 1930s, renowned for her incisive wit and her unique interpretation of the American experience. The Woman and the Dynamo is the first biography of a woman who has long been a source of rumor and legend. From interviews, private papers, and her millions of published words, Stephen Cox weaves a narrative that brings Paterson vividly to life.A radical individualist in both theory and practice, Paterson spent her early life on the Western frontier, "lavished" two years on formal education, set a record for high-altitude flight, became a journalist by "accident," and made herself a fearless chronicler and conscience of New York literary life. At the same time, she made a permanent contribution to American political thought.Paterson identified the fundamental issues at stake in the crises of the twentieth century and responded with an original theory of history and political economy. In her view, the individual mind is the dynamo of history, working through the "long circuit" of institutions that maintain and enhance individual liberty; and America is the place where the advanced forms of those institutions were invented and are currently undergoing their severest trial. While other intellectuals derided the American ideal of progress and called for the restraint or abolition of the capitalist system, Paterson demanded a scrupulous application of the "engineering principles" on which American civilization had been built.The Woman and the Dynamo provides one of the few broad and detailed accounts of the origins of the American political Right, emphasizing the special role that women and imaginative writers played in its creation, and posing new questions about what it means to be "left" or "right," "liberal" or "conservative" in America. This will be compelling reading for those interested in twentieth century intellectual history, literature, and politics.
A Woman Looking at Men Looking at Women: Essays on Art, Sex, and the Mind
by Siri HustvedtA trail-blazing and inspiring collection of essays on art, feminism, neuroscience and psychology featuring The Delusions of Certainty, winner of the European Essay Prize 2019.As well as being a prize-winning, bestselling novelist, Siri Hustvedt is widely regarded as a leading thinker in the fields of neurology, feminism, art criticism and philosophy. She believes passionately that art and science are too often kept separate and that conversations across disciplines are vital to increasing our knowledge of the human mind and body, how they connect and how we think, feel and see. The essays in this volume - all written between 2011 and 2015 - are in three parts. A Woman Looking at Men Looking at Women brings together penetrating pieces on particular artists and writers such as Picasso, Kiefer and Susan Sontag as well as essays investigating the biases that affect how we judge art, literature, and the world in general. The Delusions of Certainty is an essay about the mind/body problem, showing how this age-old philosophical puzzle has shaped contemporary debates on many subjects and how every discipline is coloured by what lies beyond argument-desire, belief, and the imagination. The essays in the final section, What Are We? Lectures on the Human Condition, tackle such elusive neurological disorders as synesthesia and hysteria. Drawing on research in sociology, neurobiology, history, genetics, statistics, psychology and psychiatry, this section also contains a profound consideration of suicide and a towering reconsideration of Kierkegaard. Together they form an extremely stimulating, thoughtful, wide-ranging exploration of some of the fundamental questions about human beings and the human condition, delivered with Siri Hustvedt's customary lucidity, vivacity and infectiously questioning intelligence.
A Woman Looking at Men Looking at Women: Essays on Art, Sex, and the Mind
by Siri HustvedtA compelling and radical collection of essays on art, feminism, neuroscience, psychology, and philosophy from prize-winning novelist Siri Hustvedt, the acclaimed author of The Blazing World and What I Loved.Siri Hustvedt has always been fascinated by biology and how human perception works. She is a lover of art, the humanities, and the sciences. She is a novelist and a feminist. Her lively, lucid essays in A Woman Looking at Men Looking at Women begin to make some sense of those plural perspectives. Divided into three parts, the first section, "A Woman Looking at Men Looking at Women," investigates the perceptual and gender biases that affect how we judge art, literature, and the world in general. Among the legendary figures considered are Picasso, De Kooning, Jeff Koons, Louise Bourgeois, Anselm Kiefer, Susan Sontag, Robert Mapplethorpe, the Guerrilla Girls, and Karl Ove Knausgaard. The second part, "The Delusions of Certainty," is about the age-old mind/body problem that has haunted Western philosophy since the Greeks. Hustvedt explains the relationship between the mental and the physical realms, showing what lies beyond the argument--desire, belief, and the imagination. The final section, "What Are We? Lectures on the Human Condition," discusses neurological disorders and the mysteries of hysteria. Drawing on research in sociology, neurobiology, history, genetics, statistics, psychology, and psychiatry, this section also contains a profound and powerful consideration of suicide. There has been much talk about building a beautiful bridge across the chasm that separates the sciences and the humanities. At the moment, we have only a wobbly walkway, but Hustvedt is encouraged by the travelers making their way across it in both directions. A Woman Looking at Men Looking at Women is an insightful account of the journeys back and forth.
A Woman Looking at Men Looking at Women: Essays on Art, Sex, and the Mind
by Siri HustvedtA trail-blazing and inspiring collection of essays on art, feminism, neuroscience and psychology featuring The Delusions of Certainty, winner of the European Essay Prize 2019.As well as being a prize-winning, bestselling novelist, Siri Hustvedt is widely regarded as a leading thinker in the fields of neurology, feminism, art criticism and philosophy. She believes passionately that art and science are too often kept separate and that conversations across disciplines are vital to increasing our knowledge of the human mind and body, how they connect and how we think, feel and see. The essays in this volume - all written between 2011 and 2015 - are in three parts. A Woman Looking at Men Looking at Women brings together penetrating pieces on particular artists and writers such as Picasso, Kiefer and Susan Sontag as well as essays investigating the biases that affect how we judge art, literature, and the world in general. The Delusions of Certainty is an essay about the mind/body problem, showing how this age-old philosophical puzzle has shaped contemporary debates on many subjects and how every discipline is coloured by what lies beyond argument-desire, belief, and the imagination. The essays in the final section, What Are We? Lectures on the Human Condition, tackle such elusive neurological disorders as synesthesia and hysteria. Drawing on research in sociology, neurobiology, history, genetics, statistics, psychology and psychiatry, this section also contains a profound consideration of suicide and a towering reconsideration of Kierkegaard. Together they form an extremely stimulating, thoughtful, wide-ranging exploration of some of the fundamental questions about human beings and the human condition, delivered with Siri Hustvedt's customary lucidity, vivacity and infectiously questioning intelligence.