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Church Vestments: Their Origin and Development
by Herbert NorrisThe Christian church's earliest vestments were hardly distinguishable from the everyday dress of ordinary people in ancient Rome, but in time, ecclesiastical dress acquired its own distinguishing characteristics. This comprehensive reference by noted English costume authority Herbert Norris traces the evolution of clerical attire through the centuries until the end of the 1400s.The meticulously researched text is enhanced by more than 270 of the author's own illustrations, including 8 in full color, adapted from originals but specially redrawn to accentuate essential features of the garments. The vestments are treated in the approximate order of their appearance in liturgical ritual, beginning with the simple alb and including the pallium, chasuble, cassock, surplice, mitre, and many other items. Footwear, crosses, headgear, rings, gloves, and other accessories are also depicted and described in detail. Replete with fascinating historical facts and lore, this volume is an indispensable reference for students, scholars, and anyone interested in the history of ecclesiastical attire.
Churches Online in Times of Corona: Die CONTOC-Studie: Empirische Einsichten, Interpretationen und Perspektiven
by Thomas Schlag Ilona Nord Wolfgang Beck Arnd Bünker Georg Lämmlin Sabrina Müller Johann Pock Martin RothgangelDie CONTOC-Studie hat in ökumenischer und internationaler Ausrichtung die digitale kirchliche Praxis unter den Bedingungen der Corona-Pandemie im Frühsommer 2020 erforscht. Dieser Band dokumentiert die Rahmenbedingungen und Umfrageergebnisse in den beteiligten Ländern. Daran schließen sich Perspektiven zu den zukünftigen Herausforderungen für die digitale Angebotspraxis und das Selbstverständnis der kirchlichen Akteur*innen an. Churches Online in Times of Corona. The CONTOC study: Empirical insights, interpretations and perspectives The CONTOC study has explored digital church practice under the conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic in the early summer of 2020 in an ecumenical and international way. This volume documents the framework conditions and survey results in the participating countries. This is followed by perspectives on the future challenges for the digital practice and the selfunderstanding of church actors.
Churchill and the Strategic Dilemmas before the World Wars: Essays in Honor of Michael I. Handel
by John H. MaurerBefore Michael I. Handel died his colleagues and students compiled this collection of essays that were written for a conference on strategy held during 2001. The papers address Churchill's views and ideas on war, strategy and realpolitik.
Churchill and the Strategic Dilemmas before the World Wars: Essays in Honor of Michael I. Handel
by John H. MaurerBefore Michael I. Handel died his colleagues and students compiled this collection of essays that were written for a conference on strategy held during 2001. The papers address Churchill's views and ideas on war, strategy and realpolitik.
Cicero: On Moral Ends
by Julia AnnasThis 2001 translation makes one of the most important texts in ancient philosophy available to modern readers. Cicero is increasingly being appreciated as an intelligent and well-educated amateur philosopher, and in this work he presents the major ethical theories of his time in a way designed to get the reader philosophically engaged in the important debates. Raphael Woolf's translation does justice to Cicero's argumentative vigour as well as to the philosophical ideas involved, while Julia Annas's introduction and notes provide a clear and accessible explanation of the philosophical context of the work. This edition will appeal to all readers interested in this central text in ancient philosophy and the history of ethics.
Cicero: On Duties
by Marcus Tullius CiceroDe Officiis (On Duties) was Cicero's last philosophical work. In it he made use of Greek thought to formulate the political and ethical values of Roman Republican society as he saw them, revealing incidentally a great deal about actual practice. Writing at a time of political crisis after the assassination of Julius Caesar in 44BC, when it was not clear how much of the old Republican order would survive, Cicero here handed on the insights of an elder statesman, adept at political theory and practice, to his son, and through him, to the younger generation in general. De Officiis has often been treated merely as a key to the lost Greek works that Cicero used. This volume aims to render De Officiis, which was such an important influence on later masterpieces of Western political thought, more intelligible by explaining its relation to its own time and place. A wholly new translation is accompanied by a lucid introduction and all the standard features of Cambridge Texts in the History of Political Thought, including a chronology, select bibliography, and notes on the vocabulary and significant individuals mentioned in the text.
Cicero: The Philosophy of a Roman Sceptic (Philosophy in the Roman World)
by Raphael WoolfCicero’s philosophical works introduced Latin audiences to the ideas of the Stoics, Epicureans and other schools and figures of the post-Aristotelian period, thus influencing the transmission of those ideas through later history. While Cicero’s value as documentary evidence for the Hellenistic schools is unquestioned, Cicero: The Philosophy of a Roman Sceptic explores his writings as works of philosophy that do more than simply synthesize the thought of others, but instead offer a unique viewpoint of their own. In this volume Raphael Woolf describes and evaluates Cicero’s philosophical achievements, paying particular attention to his relation to those philosophers he draws upon in his works, his Romanizing of Greek philosophy, and his own sceptical and dialectical outlook. The volume aims, using the best tools of philosophical, philological and historical analysis, to do Cicero justice as a distinctive philosophical voice. Situating Cicero’s work in its historical and political context, this volume provides a detailed analysis of the thought of one of the finest orators and writers of the Roman period. Written in an accessible and engaging style, Cicero: The Philosophy of a Roman Sceptic is a key resource for those interested in Cicero’s role in shaping Classical philosophy.
Cicero and the People’s Will: Philosophy and Power at the End of the Roman Republic
by Lex PaulsonThis book tells an overlooked story in the history of the will, a contested idea in both politics and philosophy of mind. For it is Cicero, statesman and philosopher, who gives shape to the notion of will as it would become in Western thought and who invents the idea of 'the will of the people'. In a single word – voluntas – he brings Roman law in contact with Greek ideas, chief among them Plato's claim that a rational elite must rule. When the republic falls to Caesarism, Cicero turns his political argument inward: will is a force to win the virtue in the soul that was lost on the battlefield, the marker of inner freedom in an unfree age. Though his vision of a free republic failed in his time, Cicero's ideal of rational elitism has shaped and fractured the modern world – and Ciceronian creativity may yet save it.
Cicero on Politics and the Limits of Reason
by Jed W. AtkinsA prolific philosopher who also held Rome's highest political office, Cicero was uniquely qualified to write on political philosophy. In this book Professor Atkins provides a fresh interpretation of Cicero's central political dialogues — the Republic and Laws. Devoting careful attention to form as well as philosophy, Atkins argues that these dialogues together probe the limits of reason in political affairs and explore the resources available to the statesman given these limitations. He shows how Cicero appropriated and transformed Plato's thought to forge original and important works of political philosophy. The book demonstrates that Cicero's Republic and Laws are critical for understanding the history of the concepts of rights, the mixed constitution and natural law. It concludes by comparing Cicero's thought to the modern conservative tradition and argues that Cicero provides a perspective on utopia frequently absent from current philosophical treatments.
Cicero on the Emotions: Tusculan Disputations 3 and 4
by Marcus TulliusThe third and fourth books of Cicero's Tusculan Disputations deal with the nature and management of human emotion: first grief, then the emotions in general. In lively and accessible style, Cicero presents the insights of Greek philosophers on the subject, reporting the views of Epicureans and Peripatetics and giving a detailed account of the Stoic position, which he himself favors for its close reasoning and moral earnestness. Both the specialist and the general reader will be fascinated by the Stoics' analysis of the causes of grief, their classification of emotions by genus and species, their lists of oddly named character flaws, and by the philosophical debate that develops over the utility of anger in politics and war. Margaret Graver's elegant and idiomatic translation makes Cicero's work accessible not just to classicists but to anyone interested in ancient philosophy and psychotherapy or in the philosophy of emotion. The accompanying commentary explains the philosophical concepts discussed in the text and supplies many helpful parallels from Greek sources.
Cicero on the Philosophy of Religion: On the Nature of the Gods and On Divination
by J. P. WynneDuring the months before and after he saw Julius Caesar assassinated on the Ides of March, 44 BC, Cicero wrote two philosophical dialogues about religion and theology: On the Nature of the Gods and On Divination. This book brings to life his portraits of Stoic and Epicurean theology, as well as the scepticism of the new Academy, his own school. We meet the Epicurean gods who live a life of pleasure and care nothing for us, the determinism and beauty of the Stoic universe, itself our benevolent creator, and the reply to both that traditional religion is better served by a lack of dogma. Cicero hoped that these reflections would renew the traditional religion at Rome, with its prayers and sacrifices, temples and statues, myths and poets, and all forms of divination. This volume is the first to fully investigate Cicero's dialogues as the work of a careful philosophical author.
Cicero’s De Finibus
by Julia Annas Gábor BeteghCicero is increasingly recognised as a highly intelligent contributor to the ongoing ethical debates between Epicureans, Stoics and other schools. In this work on the fundamentals of ethics his learning as a scholar, his skill as a lawyer and his own passion for the truth result in a work which dazzles us in its presentation of the debates and at the same time exhibits the detachment of the ancient sceptic. Many kinds of reader will find themselves engaged with Cicero as well as with the ethical theories he presents. This collection takes the reader further into the debates, opening up new avenues for exploring this fascinating work.
Cicero's ‘De Officiis': A Critical Guide (Cambridge Critical Guides)
by Raphael WoolfCicero's De Officiis, perhaps his most influential philosophical work, ranges over a wide variety of themes, from the role of the family in society to the question of whether our duties can conflict with one another, and from the moral significance of offence to the question of whether it is right to kill a dictator. This Critical Guide, the first collection of essays devoted to the work, is helpfully organised in thematic sections and aims to illuminate both the main individual topics of De Officiis and their interconnections, with essays by an international team of contributors that will allow readers to appreciate the work's distinctive blend of philosophical theory and social and political reality. It will be valuable for a range of readers in fields including philosophy, classics and political theory.
Cicero's Knowledge of the Peripatos
by William FortenbaughCicero is best known for his political speeches. His Catilinarian orations are regularly studied in third or fourth year Latin; his self-proclaimed role as savior of the Republic is much discussed in courses on Roman history. But, however fascinating such material may be, there is another side to Cicero which is equally important and only now receiving the attention it deserves. This is Cicero's interest in Hellenistic thought. As a young man he studied philosophy in Greece; throughout his life he maintained a keen interest in intellectual history; and during periods of political inactivity - especially in his last years as the Republic collapsed - he wrote treatises that today are invaluable sources for our knowledge of Hellenistic philosophy, including the School of Aristotle.The essays collected in this volume deal with these treatises and in particular with Cicero's knowledge of Peripatetic philosophy. They ask such questions as: Did Cicero-know Aristotle first hand, or was the corpus Aristotelicum unavailable to him and his contemporaries? Did Cicero have access to the writings of Theophrastus, and in general did he know the post-Aristotelians whose works are all but lost to us? When Cicero reports the views of early philosophers, is he a reliable witness, and is he conveying important information? These and other fundamental questions are asked with special reference to traditional areas of Greek thought: logic and rhetoric, politics and ethics, physics, psychology, and theology. The answers are various, but the overall impression is clear: Cicero himself was a highly intelligent, well educated Roman, whose treatises contain significant material. Scholars working on Peripatetic thought and on the Hellenistic period as a whole cannot afford to ignore them.This fourth volume in the Rutgers University Studies in Classic Humanities series deals with Cicero, orator and writer of the late Roman Republic. Interest in Cicero arose out of Project Theophrastus, an international undertaking based at Rutgers dedicated to collecting, editing, and translating the fragments of Theophrastus. This collection will be of value to philologists, classicists, philosophers, as well as those interested in the history of science.
Cicero's Orations: In Catilinam I-iv, Pro Caelio, Pro Milone, Pro Archia (Dover Thrift Editions)
by Marcus Tullius Cicero Charles Duke YongeThe greatest orator of the late Roman Republic, Marcus Tullius Cicero (106–43 B.C.), influenced the course of European letters for centuries after his death. Through his writings, Renaissance and Enlightenment scholars encountered the riches of Classical rhetoric and philosophy. The elegance of his style, his skill and erudition, his worldly wisdom, and his profound humanity made Cicero a model for latter-day thinkers and keep his works ever relevant. This collection presents examples of rhetoric from throughout the ancient Roman's illustrious career. Selections include a series of famous speeches delivered during Cicero's term as consul which thwarted the Catiline conspiracy to overthrow the Republic — but led to his own prosecution and exile. The compilation concludes with the bold orations delivered in defiance of Marc Anthony, which sealed Cicero's doom.
Cicero’s Skepticism and His Recovery of Political Philosophy (Recovering Political Philosophy)
by Walter NicgorskiThis book explores Cicero’s moral and political philosophy with great attention to his life and thought as a whole. The author “thinks through” Cicero with a close reading of his most important philosophical writings. Nicgorski often resolves apparent tensions in Cicero’s thought that have posed obstacles to the appreciation of his practical philosophy. Some of the major tensions confronted are those between his Academic skepticism and apparent Stoicism, between his commitment to philosophy and to politics, rhetoric and oratory, and between his attachment to Greek philosophy and his profound engagement in Roman culture. Moreover, the key theme within Cicero’s writings is his intended recovery, within his Roman context, of both the Socratic focus on great questions of practical philosophy and Socratic skepticism. Cicero’s recovery of Socratic political philosophy in Roman garb is then the basis for recovery of Cicero as a notable political thinker relevant to our time and its problems.
El científico rebelde
by Freeman DysonEstos ensayos, surgidos de la pluma de un extraordinario científico y magnífico escritor, iluminan tanto la historia de la ciencia como los polémicos debates actuales sobre ciencia, ética y religión. Desde Galileo hasta los astrónomos aficionados de la actualidad, los científicos siempre han sido rebeldes, espíritus libres que resisten las ataduras que la sociedad les impone. En su búsqueda de las verdades de la naturaleza les guía tanto la imaginación como la razón, y sus teorías más importantes tienen la excepcionalidad y la belleza de las grandes obras de arte. Freeman Dyson, uno de los científicos más respetados del mundo, opina que la mejor manera de entender la ciencia es entender a quienes la practican. Nos cuenta las historias de científicos trabajando: desde la entrega de Newton a la física, la alquimia, la teología y la política, hasta el descubrimiento de la estructura del átomo que hizo Rutherford o la tenaz resistencia de Einstein a la idea de los agujeros negros. Reseñas:«Una de las mentes más originales del mundo.»The Times «Dyson se ha convertido en uno de los más elocuentes intérpretes de la ciencia.»George Johnson, The New York Times «Lo que este libro contiene realmente es sabiduría, una sabiduría que nos ayuda a comprender cómo piensan y trabajan los científicos, y cómo la ciencia, bien entendida, nos ayuda a comprender mejor nuestro mundo.»Gregory M. Lamb, The Christian Science Monitor «Un caso evidente de omisión en los premios Nobel. Esta adictiva antología muestra a las claras su inteligencia.»Pathik Guha, The Telegraph «Dyson personifica el ideal del científico como iconoclasta. En esta fantástica antología reflexiona sobre la ética de la nanotecnología y la ingeniería genética, el crucial papel de los amateurs en ciencia y la riqueza de la "imaginación de la naturaleza.» «Provocador, emocionante y siempre sorprendente.»Wired «En esta ecléctica y maravillosa antología, Dyson exhibe la precisión de sus ideas en una prosa clara como el cristal, y los lectores acabarán entusiasmados ante la amplitud de sus conocimientos, la increíble habilidad para enlazar temas distintos y sus múltiples afirmaciones provocadoras.»Publishers Weekly
El científico rebelde
by Freeman DysonDesde Galileo hasta los astrónomos aficionados de la actualidad, los científicos siempre han sido rebeldes. Freeman Dyson, uno de los científicos más respetados del mundo, piensa que la mejor manera de entender la ciencia es comprender a quienes la practican, y para ello se remite a los grandes nombres, desde Galileo y Newton hasta Einstein o Rutherford. Más allá de cuestiones concretas, Dyson reflexiona sobre temas filosóficos amplios, como los límites del reduccionismo, la conservación del medio ambiente o la relación entre ciencia y religión.
Cierra los ojos y lánzate
by Osho OshoEl mundo exterior es inseguro e inestable, y son muchas las tribulaciones que nos causa. Para dar con nuestro camino, Osho nos propone que hagamos oídos sordos a los mensajes engañosos que nos llegan del exterior y aprendamos a escuchar la verdad que reside en el interior de cada uno de nosotros, pues cada ser humano nace con la verdad en su interior, pero los azares de la vida hacen que la olvidemos. Con su amena maestría, Osho nos enseña a desdeñar las distracciones terrenales y a reconocer la voz sincera de nuestra conciencia.
Cinco escritos morales
by Umberto EcoPor qué la guerra ha pasado a ser hoy día inviable; las características y vigencia del fascismo; los cambios de la prensa ante la presencia de la televisión; los fundamentos y la posibilidad de una ética laica, y la tolerancia e intolerancia ante la migración que hará de Europa en los próximos años un continente multirracial.
Cine-Ethics: Ethical Dimensions of Film Theory, Practice, and Spectatorship (Routledge Advances in Film Studies)
by Jinhee Choi Mattias FreyThis volume looks at the significance and range of ethical questions that pertain to various film practices. Diverse philosophical traditions provide useful frameworks to discuss spectators’ affective and emotional engagement with film, which can function as a moral ground for one’s connection to others and to the world outside the self. These traditions encompass theories of emotion, phenomenology, the philosophy of compassion, and analytic and continental ethical thinking and environmental ethics. This anthology is one of the first volumes to open up a dialogue among these diverse methodologies. Contributors bring to the fore some of the assumptions implicitly shared between these theories and forge a new relationship between them in order to explore the moral engagement of the spectator and the ethical consequences of both producing and consuming films
Cinema and Counter-History
by Marcia LandyDespite claims about the end of history and the death of cinema, visual media continue to contribute to our understanding of history and history-making. In this book, Marcia Landy argues that rethinking history and memory must take into account shifting conceptions of visual and aural technologies. With the assistance of thinkers such as Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari, Cinema and Counter-History examines writings and films that challenge prevailing notions of history in order to explore the philosophic, aesthetic, and political stakes of activating the past. Marshaling evidence across European, African, and Asian cinema, Landy engages in a counter-historical project that calls into question the certainty of visual representations and unmoors notions of a history firmly anchored in truth.
Cinema and Sacrifice (Angelaki: New Work in the Theoretical Humanities)
by Costica Bradatan and Camil UngureanuCinema has a long history of engaging with the theme of sacrifice. Given its capacity to stimulate the imagination and resonate across a wide spectrum of human experiences, sacrifice has always attracted filmmakers. It is on screen that the new grand narratives are sketched, the new myths rehearsed, and the old ones recycled. Sacrifice can provide stories of loss and mourning, betrayal and redemption, death and renewal, destruction and re-creation, apocalypses and the birth of new worlds.The contributors to this volume are not just scholars of film but also students of religion and literature, philosophers, ethicists, and political scientists, thus offering a comprehensive and interdisciplinary approach to the relationship between cinema and sacrifice. They explore how cinema engages with sacrifice in its many forms and under different guises, and examine how the filmic constructions, reconstructions and misconstructions of sacrifice affect society, including its sacrificial practices.This book was originally published as a special issue of Angelaki: journal of the theoretical humanities.
Cinema Illuminating Reality: Media Philosophy through Buddhism
by Victor FanA new critical approach to cinema and media based on Buddhism as a philosophical discourse How can a philosophical discourse generated in Asia help us reframe and renew cinema and media theory? Cinema Illuminating Reality provides a possible way to do this by using Buddhist ideas to examine the intricate relationship between technicity and consciousness in the cinema. The resulting dialogue between Buddhism and Euro-American philosophy is the first of its kind in film and media studies.Victor Fan examines cinema&’s ontology and ontogenetic formation and how such a formational process produces knowledge, political agency, and in-aesthetics. Buddhism allows Fan to deconstruct binary thinking and reimagine media as an ecology, rethinking cinema in relational terms between the human and the machine. Along the way, Fan considers a wide variety of case studies from around the globe, while paying special attention to how contemporary Tibeto-Sinophone filmmakers have adopted relational thinking to detail ways of rebuilding a world that appears to be beyond repair.From Chinese queer cinema to a reexamination of Japanese master Ozu&’s work and its historical reception to Christian Petzold&’s 2018 existential thriller Transit, CinemaIlluminating Reality forges a remarkable path between Buddhist studies and cinema studies, casting vital new light on both of these important subjects.
Cinema, Memory, Modernity: The Representation of Memory from the Art Film to Transnational Cinema (Routledge Advances in Film Studies #6)
by Russell J.A. KilbournSince its inception, cinema has evolved into not merely a ‘reflection’ but an indispensable index of human experience – especially our experience of time’s passage, of the present moment, and, most importantly perhaps, of the past, in both collective and individual terms. In this volume, Kilbourn provides a comparative theorization of the representation of memory in both mainstream Hollywood and international art cinema within an increasingly transnational context of production and reception. Focusing on European, North and South American, and Asian films, Kilbourn reads cinema as providing the viewer with not only the content and form of memory, but also with its own directions for use: the required codes and conventions for understanding and implementing this crucial prosthetic technology — an art of memory for the twentieth-century and beyond.