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Groundwork: Local Black Freedom Movements in America
by Jeanne Theoharis Komozi Woodard Charles M. PaynePathbreaking essays on the power of local activism on the broader Civil Rights movementOver the last several years, the traditional narrative of the civil rights movement as largely a southern phenomenon, organized primarily by male leaders, that roughly began with the 1955 Montgomery Bus Boycott and ended with the Voting Rights Act of 1965, has been complicated by studies that root the movement in smaller communities across the country. These local movements had varying agendas and organizational development, geared to the particular circumstances, resources, and regions in which they operated. Local civil rights activists frequently worked in tandem with the national civil rights movement but often functioned autonomously from—and sometimes even at odds with—the national movement.Together, the pathbreaking essays in Groundwork teach us that local civil rights activity was a vibrant component of the larger civil rights movement, and contributed greatly to its national successes. Individually, the pieces offer dramatic new insights about the civil rights movement, such as the fact that a militant black youth organization in Milwaukee was led by a white Catholic priest and in Cambridge, Maryland, by a middle-aged black woman; that a group of middle-class, professional black women spearheaded Jackson, Mississippi's movement for racial justice and made possible the continuation of the Freedom Rides, and that, despite protests from national headquarters, the Brooklyn chapter of the Congress of Racial Equality staged a dramatic act of civil disobedience at the 1964 World’s Fair in New York.No previous volume has enabled readers to examine several different local movements together, and in so doing, Groundwork forges a far more comprehensive vision of the black freedom movement.
A Groundwork Guide: Betrayal Of Africa
by Gerald CaplanIn the wealthy West, it's assumed that Africa is the problem and we are the solution. This timely book argues the opposite. Though couched in benevolent terms, Western policies in fact have for decades helped fuel the continent's devastating decline. Every year, far more of Africa's riches flow out to the rich world than we plough into Africa. In this systematic process of exploitation, explains author Gerald Caplan, first-world leaders work in happy harmony with African despots to wreak havoc on their nations and peoples. "The Betrayal of Africa" explains its historical background, the contemporary situation, and how a conflation of elements -- China's bold new presence in Africa, an active and angry civil society demanding government reform, and fresh leadership -- is creating the possibility for positive change. Using simple, lucid language, the book helps Western readers understand what they can do to remedy a complex, increasingly dire situation that affects us all.
A Groundwork Guide: Empire
by James LaxerThe United States presides over the most far-flung imperial system ever established. This thoughtful study compares the American Empire to those of the past, finding much can be learned from the fates of the British, Roman, Chinese, Incan, and Aztec empires. Rome, like the U. S. , was a military superpower. And just as Rome's armies were stretched thin, so too are America's -- but Rome's leaders eventually gave up on conquering Scotland. Will the U. S. do the same in Iraq? Laxer draws ominous parallels with the British, who discovered too late that empire building ultimately threatens the health of democracy at home. Documenting how the American Empire works and what it means to the rest of the world, "Empire" asks: Does the American Empire bring stability to a troubled world? Or, like its imperial predecessors, does it impose inequality and oppression on humanity? And what happens when an empire tumbles?
Group Conflict and Political Mobilization in Bahrain and the Arab Gulf: Rethinking The Rentier State
by Justin GenglerThe oil-producing states of the Arab Gulf are said to sink or swim on their capacity for political appeasement through economic redistribution. Yet, during the popular uprisings of the Arab Spring, in Bahrain and all across the Arab Gulf, ordinary citizens showed an unexpected enthusiasm for political protest directed against governments widely assumed to have co-opted their support with oil revenues. Justin Gengler draws on the first-ever mass political survey in Bahrain to demonstrate that neither is the state willing to offer all citizens the same bargain, nor are all citizens willing to accept it. Instead, shared social and religious identities offer a viable basis for mass political coordination. Challenging the prevailing rentier interpretation of political life in the Gulf states, Gengler offers new empirical evidence and a new conceptual framework for understanding the attitudes of ordinary citizens.
The Group of 7/8 (Global Institutions)
by Hugo DobsonPart of Routledge’s leading Global Institutions Series, this book is a highly accessible, up-to-date introduction to the history, present and future of the G7/8 summits, exploring the role that the G8 plays and will play in global governance. Hugo Dobson examines the G8 and its position in global governance in terms of its relationship to the more formal and truly institutionalized mechanisms of global governance: the United Nations, World Bank and World Trade Organization. Divided into six informative chapters, this volume provides an innovative contribution to the dynamics of global governance and is especially relevant to promoting this area of investigation in the future. It includes: history and development of the summit; organization and functioning; perspectives of member states; achievements and failures; criticisms and challenges and future directions draws upon existing literature in order to provide the reader with a single more concise point-of entry acts as a guide to the broader field of research and provides suggested further reading. The Group of 7/8 is a core introductory guide and an essential purchase for students and professionals alike in the field of international relations.
The Group of Seven: Finance Ministries, Central Banks and Global Financial Governance (Routledge Studies in Globalisation)
by Andrew BakerWe are now in the era of the G8, although the G7 still exists as a grouping for Finance Ministers. Why do G7 finance ministries and central banks co-operate? What are the implications of this co-operation for US power and the abilities of the other six states to exercise leadership? What role do the G7 play in global financial governance? How much authority do they possess and how is that authority exercised? This is the first major monograph on the political economy of G7 finance ministry and central bank co-operation. It argues that to understand the contribution of the G7 to global financial governance it is necessary to locate the process in the context of a wider world financial order comprised of decentralized globalization. It also provides original case study material on the G7’s contribution to macroeconomic governance and to debates on the global financial architecture over the last decade. It assesses the G7’s role in producing a system of global financial governance based on market supremacy and technocratic transgovernmental consensus and articulates normative criticisms of the G7’s exclusivity. For researchers in the fields of IR/IPE generally, postgraduate students in the field of international organization and global governance, policy makers and financial journalists this is the most extensive analysis of the G7 and the political economy of global financial governance to date.
The Group of Seven: Finance Ministries, Central Banks and Global Financial Governance (Routledge Studies in Globalisation)
by Andrew BakerWe are now in the era of the G8, although the G7 still exists as a grouping for Finance Ministers. Why do G7 finance ministries and central banks co-operate? What are the implications of this co-operation for US power and the abilities of the other six states to exercise leadership? What role do the G7 play in global financial governance? How much authority do they possess and how is that authority exercised? This is the first major monograph on the political economy of G7 finance ministry and central bank co-operation. It argues that to understand the contribution of the G7 to global financial governance it is necessary to locate the process in the context of a wider world financial order comprised of decentralized globalization. It also provides original case study material on the G7’s contribution to macroeconomic governance and to debates on the global financial architecture over the last decade. It assesses the G7’s role in producing a system of global financial governance based on market supremacy and technocratic transgovernmental consensus and articulates normative criticisms of the G7’s exclusivity. For researchers in the fields of IR/IPE generally, postgraduate students in the field of international organization and global governance, policy makers and financial journalists this is the most extensive analysis of the G7 and the political economy of global financial governance to date.
The Group of Twenty (Global Institutions)
by Andrew F. Cooper Ramesh ThakurThis work offers a concise examination of the purpose, function and practice of the Group of Twenty (G20) summit. Providing a comprehensive historical account of the G20 Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors process, the text then moves on to outline the conditions, events and debates that led to the formation of the permanent, expanded leaders’ level forum. The historical span of the G20 Summit process is not long, but the global transformations that precipitated it are crucial when seeking to understand it. Cooper & Thakur explore a variety of major debates, including: Governance by self-selected groups versus mandated multilateral organizations the legitimacy of informal leadership the issue of the G20’s composition of both ‘solution’ countries and ‘problem’ countries the role of the emerging powers new conceptions of North-South relationships This work offers a detailed examination of the ongoing shifts in economic power and the momentum toward global institutional reform, illustrating how the G20 has moved from a crisis committee to the premier global forum over this short but intense history, and mapping out its comparative advantages and key challenges ahead.
Group Politics and Social Movements in Canada, Second Edition
by Miriam SmithGroup Politics and Social Movements in Canada, Second Edition updates and expands its exploration of a wide range of organized group and social movement activity in Canadian politics. Particularly distinctive is the inclusion of Quebec nationalism and Aboriginal politics. Many other areas of collective activity are also included: the Occupy movement and anti-poverty organizing, ethnocultural political mobilization, disability, lesbian and gay politics, feminism, farmers and organized interests in agriculture, Christian evangelical groups, environment, and health movements. Contributors to the collection employ a number of theoretical perspectives from political science and sociology to describe the evolution of organized groups and movements and to evaluate successes in exercising influence on Canadian politics. Each chapter provides an overview of the group or movement along with an account of its main networks and organizations, strategies, goals, successes, and failures.
Group Works: Art, Politics, and Collective Ambivalence
by Ethan PhilbrickAn exciting new reflection on the role of artistic collaboration, collectivism, and the politics of group formation in the neoliberal era.The artist and author Ethan Philbrick’s Group Works re-imagines the group by undertaking an historiographic archaeology of group aesthetics and politics.Written against both phobic and romantic accounts of collectivity, Group Works contends that the group emerges as a medium for artists when established forms of collective life break down. Philbrick pairs group pieces in dance, literature, film, and music from the 1960s and 1970s downtown Manhattan scene alongside a series of recent group experiments: Simone Forti’s dance construction, Huddle (1961), is put into relation with contemporary re-performances of Forti’s score and huddling as a feminist political tactic; Samuel Delany’s memoir of communal living, Heavenly Breakfast: An Essay on the Winter of Love (1969/78), speaks to performance artist Morgan Bassichis’s 2017 communal musical adaptation of Larry Mitchell’s 1977 text, The Faggots and Their Friends Between Revolutions; Lizzie Borden’s experimental documentary of feminist collectivity, Regrouping (1976), sits alongside visual artist Sharon Hayes’s 2014 piece on Manhattan’s Pier 54, Women of the World Unite! they said; and Julius Eastman’s insurgent piece of chamber music for four pianos, Gay Guerrilla (1979), resonates alongside contemporary projects that take up Eastman’s legacy by artists such as Tiona Nekkia McClodden.By analyzing works that articulate the politics of race, gender, and sexuality as questions of group formation, Philbrick approaches the group not as a stable, idealizable entity but as an ambivalent way to negotiate and contest shifting terms of associational life. Group Works presents an engaging exploration of what happens when small groups become a material and medium for artistic and political experimentation.
Grouplised Schools in China: Teacher Agency under Neoliberal Influences
by Guopeng FuThis book presents how neoliberal trends, as reflected in the grouplised school structure, affect teachers’ professional learning and daily practice, and discusses how teacher agency is enabled and constrained at both individual and collective levels. The author interviewed teachers and administrators from eight different grouplised schools. He argues that the neoliberal trends in high-stakes accountability largely constrained teacher agency. School grouplisation was generally top-down, and a bottom-up structure is needed to support teachers' professional growth. Collective agency and administrator support could protect students against the neoliberal trends in education by enabling teachers to make conscious, moral decisions and take actions in their daily practice. He further identifies principles of invoking collective agency among teachers and proposes suggestions for educational reform implementation in neoliberal contexts. Policymakers, school administrators and teachers interested in grouplised schools and collective agency may find this book insightful.
Groupthink Versus High-Quality Decision Making in International Relations
by Scott Crichlow Mark Schafer-Are good and bad outcomes significantly affected by the decision-making process itself? Indeed they are, in that certain decision-making techniques and practices limit the ability of policymakers to achieve their goals and advance the national interest. The success of policy often turns on the quality of the decision-making process. Mark Schafer and Scott Crichlow identify the factors that contribute to good and bad policymaking, such as the personalities of political leaders, the structure of decision-making groups, and the nature of the exchange between participating individuals. Analyzing thirty-nine foreign-policy cases across nine administrations and incorporating both statistical analyses and case studies, including a detailed examination of the decision to invade Iraq in 2003, the authors pinpoint the factors that are likely to lead to successful or failed decision making, and they suggest ways to improve the process. Schafer and Crichlow show how the staffing of key offices and the structure of central decision-making bodies determine the path of an administration even before topics are introduced. Additionally, they link the psychological characteristics of leaders to the quality of their decision processing. There is no greater work available on understanding and improving the dynamics of contemporary decision making.
Groupthink Versus High-Quality Decision Making in International Relations
by Mark Schafer Scott CrichlowAre good and bad outcomes significantly affected by the decision-making process itself? Indeed they are, in that certain decision-making techniques and practices limit the ability of policymakers to achieve their goals and advance the national interest. The success of policy often turns on the quality of the decision-making process. Mark Schafer and Scott Crichlow identify the factors that contribute to good and bad policymaking, such as the personalities of political leaders, the structure of decision-making groups, and the nature of the exchange between participating individuals. Analyzing thirty-nine foreign-policy cases across nine administrations and incorporating both statistical analyses and case studies, including a detailed examination of the decision to invade Iraq in 2003, the authors pinpoint the factors that are likely to lead to successful or failed decision making, and they suggest ways to improve the process. Schafer and Crichlow show how the staffing of key offices and the structure of central decision-making bodies determine the path of an administration even before topics are introduced. Additionally, they link the psychological characteristics of leaders to the quality of their decision processing. There is no greater work available on understanding and improving the dynamics of contemporary decision making.
The Groupuscular Far-Right in Portugal: Nationalism and The Reach of Digital Communication
by Gabriel Fernandes GuimarãesThis book analyzes two types of nationalisms that are represented by the Portuguese groupuscular right, that is, the extra-party right. One faction is guided by ethnonationalism and nativism, looking at Portugal through an ethnically European prism. Small groups fight for a white Portugal linked to an imagined white world, rooted in ideas such as race and biology, following models from the US. The other faction looks for a future in a non-European confederation and wants Portuguese citizenship for non-European groups originating from the former colonies, while maintaining ties with the Portuguese extreme right, notably, the one that comes from the Salazar right-wing dictatorship (Estado Novo, 1926–1974). This faction suggests addressing questions of immigration by accepting immigration of non-European people from former imperial space and by initiating a confederation of countries, in which Portugal is the only state with a white majority. Guimarães analyzes the means of communication of these two factions, the language they use to articulate their viewpoints, and the worldviews of various groups in Portugal. He argues that the far right in Portugal is a space filled with radical styles of nationalism.
Grover Cleveland, Again!: A Treasury of American Presidents
by Ken Burns Gerald KelleyA gorgeous collection of American presidents filled with fun facts and sparkling with personality, from nonfiction master Ken Burns. This special treasury from America's beloved documentarian Ken Burns brings the presidents to life for our nation's children. Each president is given a lushly illustrated spread with curated stories and information to give readers of all ages a comprehensive view of the varied and fascinating characters who have led our nation (with the exception of Grover Cleveland--the only president to serve two non-consecutive terms--who gets two spreads!). A must-have for Ken's many fans, classrooms, and anyone who wishes to gain a greater understanding and appreciation for our country. "A buoyant gallery, up to date, handsomely framed, and, in this particular election year, timely too."--Kirkus ReviewsFrom the Hardcover edition.
Grover Cleveland (The American Presidents Series)
by Henry F. Graff Arthur M. SchlesingerThe presidential historian Henry F. Graff revives Cleveland's fame, explaining how he fought to restore stature to the office in the wake of several weak administrations.
Grover Cleveland's New Foreign Policy
by Nick CleaverWhereas the Spanish-American War has long been studied as a turning point in American history, Grover Cleveland's foreign policy. Nick Cleaver's study illuminates the dynamism and ideals of Cleveland's diplomatic moment, revealing their continuities with the engagement and expansionism of the McKinley presidency.
Grow Up!: Life Isn't Safe, but It's Good
by Everett PiperThe &“snowflake&” generation has graduated, and they are taking root across our nation. The &“snowflake&” rebellion and its juvenile temper tantrums are far from over. As the pampered and bubble-wrapped adolescents of Berkeley and Brown graduate, petulant progressivism is taking root in our nation&’s corporations, courts, and even our Congress. A simple glance at the daily news reveals we now stand on the cliff of a cultural crisis where vitriol has replaced virtue, identity politics trump principle, character no longer matters, and elected leaders act more like spoiled children than mature adults. In Grow Up, the nearly two-decades-long president of Oklahoma Wesleyan University and the national bestselling author of Not a Day Care, Dr. Everett Piper, presents common-sense solutions to the lunacy Americans face on the news, in the classroom, and from the mouths of elected officials in a powerful reminder that in the end, civilization relies on adults.
Growing a Japanese Science City: Communication in Scientific Research (Nissan Institute/Routledge Japanese Studies)
by James W. DearingTsukuba Science City is the world's most ambitious attempt to `turbocharge' scientific collaboration. James W. Dearing looks at the political and economic context within which the plans for Tsukuba were laid, how those plans changed during the process of implementation, and at the functioning of Tsukuba today. Tsukuba is vitally important to Japan's basic scientific research . Its history, its failures and successes need to be understood by governments and businesses planning for scientific research and economic growth.
Growing a Sustainable City?: The Question of Urban Agriculture
by Christina D. Rosan Hamil PearsallUrban agriculture offers promising solutions to many different urban problems, such as blighted vacant lots, food insecurity, storm water runoff, and unemployment. These objectives connect to many cities’ broader goal of “sustainability,” but tensions among stakeholders have started to emerge in cities as urban agriculture is incorporated into the policymaking framework.Growing a Sustainable City? offers a critical analysis of the development of urban agriculture policies and their role in making post-industrial cities more sustainable. Christina Rosan and Hamil Pearsall’s intriguing and illuminating case study of Philadelphia reveals how growing in the city has become a symbol of urban economic revitalization, sustainability, and – increasingly – gentrification. Their comprehensive research includes interviews with urban farmers, gardeners, and city officials, and reveals that the transition to “sustainability” is marked by a series of tensions along race, class, and generational lines. The book evaluates the role of urban agriculture in sustainability planning and policy by placing it within the context of a large city struggling to manage competing sustainability objectives. They highlight the challenges and opportunities of institutionalizing urban agriculture into formal city policy. Rosan and Pearsall tell the story of change and growing pains as a city attempts to reinvent itself as sustainable, livable, and economically competitive.
Growing American Roots
by Menendez Senator BobThe high-profile senator shares his vision of a promising future for America with Hispanics playing an essential and valued role. Senator Bob Menendez has long been disturbed by the rhetoric of media figures like Lou Dobbs and Rush Limbaugh, who, he believes, are spreading fear and misconceptions about the Latino community. For Menendez, who has held the highest-ranking position for a Hispanic in congressional history, it is about time the truth about Hispanics and their potential in this nation is brought into the spotlight-for all the right reasons. Instead of viewing Latinos as the growing cause of many of America's problems, he sees quite the opposite-and in this book he takes a unique approach by imagining a hopeful future for our nation. With the step-by-step plan that Menendez has devised and proposes in this book, the United States' future will be made brighter and more successful precisely because of, not in spite of, the burgeoning influence of the Hispanic population as it "grows its American roots. "
Growing American Roots
by Senator Bob MenendezFrom the highest-ranking Hispanic in congressional history comes an inspiring vision for our country's future. For Senator Bob Menendez, it's about time the truth about Hispanics and their potential in this nation is brought into the spotlight. Instead of viewing Latinos as the cause of many of America's problems, he sees quite the opposite-and in this book he takes a unique approach by imagining a hopeful future for our nation. With the step-by-step plan that Menendez has devised, the United States' future will be made brighter and more successful precisely because of, not in spite of, the burgeoning influence of the Hispanic population as it "grows its American roots."
Growing Apart: Oil, Politics, and Economic Change in Indonesia and Nigeria
by Peter M. Lewis"Growing Apartis an important and distinguished contribution to the literature on the political economy of development. Indonesia and Nigeria have long presented one of the most natural opportunities for comparative study. Peter Lewis, one of America's best scholars of Nigeria, has produced the definitive treatment of their divergent development paths. In the process, he tells us much theoretically about when, why, and how political institutions shape economic growth. " —Larry Diamond, Senior Fellow, Hoover Institution "Growing Apartis a careful and sophisticated analysis of the political factors that have shaped the economic fortunes of Indonesia and Nigeria. Both scholars and policymakers will benefit from this book's valuable insights. " —Michael L. Ross, Associate Professor of Political Science, Chair of International Development Studies, UCLA "Lewis presents an extraordinarily well-documented comparative case study of two countries with a great deal in common, and yet with remarkably different postcolonial histories. His approach is a welcome departure from currently fashionable attempts to explain development using large, multi-country databases packed with often dubious measures of various aspects of 'governance. '" —Ross H. McLeod, Editor,Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies "This is a highly readable and important book. Peter Lewis provides us with both a compelling institutionalist analysis of economic development performance and a very insightful comparative account of the political economies of two highly complex developing countries, Nigeria and Indonesia. His well-informed account generates interesting findings by focusing on the ability of leaders in both countries to make credible commitments to the private sector and assemble pro-growth coalitions. This kind of cross-regional political economy is often advocated in the profession but actually quite rare because it is so hard to do well. Lewis's book will set the standard for a long time. " —Nicolas van de Walle, John S. Knight Professor of International Studies, Cornell University Peter M. Lewis is Associate Professor and Director of the African Studies Program, Johns Hopkins University, School of Advanced International Studies.
Growing Compact: Urban Form, Density and Sustainability
by Joo Hwa Bay Steffen LehmannGrowing Compact: Urban Form, Density and Sustainability explores and unravels the phenomena, links and benefits between density, compactness and the sustainability of cities. It looks at the socio-climatic implications of density and takes a more holistic approach to sustainable urbanism by understanding the correlations between the social, economic and environmental dimensions of the city, and the challenges and opportunities with density. The book presents contributions from internationally well-known scholars, thinkers and practitioners whose theoretical and practical works address city planning, urban and architectural design for density and sustainability at various levels, including challenges in building resilience against climate change and natural disasters, capacity and integration for growth and adaptability, ageing, community and security, vegetation, food production, compact resource systems and regeneration.
The Growing Gap in Life Expectancy by Income: Implications for Federal Programs and Policy Responses
by Committee on the Long-Run Macroeconomic Effects of the Aging U.S. Population<P> According to many studies, life expectancy has been rising fastest for people with higher education or income, so the gap in longevity by socioeconomic status has been increasing. This trend is important in itself, but it also means that higher-income people will increasingly collect government benefits such as Social Security over more years than will lower-income people. It also means that some proposed policy changes to make programs fiscally sustainable, such as raising the normal retirement age for Social Security or raising the eligibility age for Medicare, might disproportionately affect those with lower incomes. <P><P> These topics are discussed in this report. The study first reviews the literature on differences in longevity by education and by income and on trends in these differences; the committee then constructs some new estimates of our own. Next the report discusses the conceptual background for these issues and why they are important. We go on to evaluate the way that the widening income differences in mortality affect the value of net lifetime benefits for different income groups from Social Security retirement and spousal benefits, Disability Insurance, Survivors Insurance, Medicare, Medicaid, and Supplemental Security Income. Finally, we consider how the differential changes in mortality would affect analyses of some possible reforms to government programs for the elderly in the face of population aging. We consider the consequences of policies such as raising the earliest eligibility age and the normal retirement age under Social Security, raising the age of eligibility for Medicare, basing the cost-of-living adjustment on a different kind of consumer price index, and changing the formula for how benefits are calculated for higher-income beneficiaries.