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Identity, Ontological Security and Europeanisation in Republika Srpska (Central and Eastern European Perspectives on International Relations)
by Faris KočanThis book discusses the impact of the process of accession to the European Union (EU) – i.e. Europeanisation – on the formulation of the ethnic identity of Bosnian Serbs and the political identity of Republika Srpska (RS) in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH). The centrepiece of the book is an examination of how it is possible that the expected effect of Europeanisation on ethnic identities in a post-conflict environment – a transformation of ethnic identities through desecuritisation – does not materialise in the case of BiH and the RS. The book starts from the assumption that the political elite in the RS uses Europeanisation as a context for the securitization of two sources of threats – the internal and external Other. This prevents the transformation of ethnic identities in BiH, and as a result also the desecuritisation of antagonisms among the ethnic groups of BiH. The results show that any attempt at a more active engagement by the EU and international community was interpreted by the RS political elite as Bosniak agenda aimed against the RS. In this respect, the book demonstrates that BiH’s EU accession process or a clearer EU perspective alone in scrutinized critical junctures did not outweigh the potential costs for the RS political elite if reforms aimed at creating a more functional BiH were to succeed. In all three analysed critical junctures, the political elite in RS presented motions for a more functional BiH as attempts to centralise the country and framed them as the beginning of the end for the RS as a political entity.
Identity, Policy, and Prosperity
by Jeongwon Bourdais ParkThis book offers a rare glimpse into China's Korean minority, which dominates the area bordering North Korea; even as Korea is riven into capitalist and communist societies, China's Koreans register this dilemma as one internal to the society they live in, in China's postindustrial Northeast. As this research makes clear, once driven by state investment in industry, the Northeast is now struggling to define its identity as a post-industrial region; the ethnic Koreans there even more so. This monograph provides a distinctive look at a group shaped by political turmoil, economic transformation, and cultural strugg≤ the study may offer an idea of what the future of the Korean peninsula itself might be, disentangling the puzzling contradictions and synergies between nationality, locality and development in China.
Identity, Political Freedom, and Collective Responsibility
by Eddy M. SouffrantEddy M. Souffrant calls for a reassessment of the starting points of moral, social, and political philosophy that takes into account the actual living circumstances of persons living the 21st century.
Identity, Reconciliation and Transitional Justice: Overcoming Intractability in Divided Societies
by Nevin T. AikenBuilding upon an interdisciplinary synthesis of recent literature from the fields of transitional justice and conflict transformation, this book introduces a groundbreaking theoretical framework that highlights the critical importance of identity in the relationship between transitional justice and reconciliation in deeply divided societies. Using this framework, Aiken argues that transitional justice interventions will be successful in promoting reconciliation and sustainable peace to the extent that they can help to catalyze those crucial processes of ‘social learning’ needed to transform the antagonistic relationships and identifications that divide post-conflict societies even after the signing of formal peace agreements. Combining original field research and an extensive series of expert interviews, Aiken applies this social learning model in a comprehensive examination of both the South African Truth and Reconciliation Commission and the uniquely ‘decentralized’ approach to transitional justice that has emerged in Northern Ireland. By offering new insight into the experiences of these countries, Aiken provides compelling firsthand evidence to suggest that transitional justice interventions can best contribute to post-conflict reconciliation if they not only provide truth and justice for past human rights abuses, but also help to promote contact, dialogue and the amelioration of structural and material inequalities between former antagonists. Identity, Reconciliation and Transitional Justice makes a timely contribution to debates about how to best understand and address past human rights violations in post-conflict societies, and it offers a valuable resource to students, scholars, practitioners and policymakers dealing with these difficult issues.
Identity, Segregation and Peace-Building in Northern Ireland: A Social Psychological Perspective
by Shelley MckeownHaving experienced over 30 years of violent conflict, Northern Ireland acts as an interesting case study in which to examine the causes and consequences of political violence. At the same time this society provides a number of important peace-building lessons for other conflicted societies across the globe. Whilst there are a plethora of books examining the Northern Ireland 'problem', Identity, segregation and peace-building in Northern Ireland stands out from the crowd as being succinct and offering a unique social psychological perspective. It provides an overview of some of the key issues relating to the conflict and its maintenance along with a list of further recommended reading for those interested in delving further. This is an accessible book for anyone interested in understanding more about the conflict in Northern Ireland, or for those who are interested in conflict, identity and peace-building more generally.
Identity, Trust, and Reconciliation in East Asia
by Kevin P ClementsThis edited collection explores how East Asia's painful history continues to haunt the relationships between its countries and peoples. Through a largely social-psychological and constructivist lens, the authors examine the ways in which historical memory and unmet identity needs generates mutual suspicion, xenophobic nationalism and tensions in the bilateral and trilateral relationships within the region. This text not only addresses some of the domestic drivers of Japanese, Chinese and South Korean foreign policy - and the implications of increasingly autocratic rule in all three countries - but also analyses the way in which new security mechanisms and processes advancing trust, confidence and reconciliation can replace those generating mistrust, antagonism and insecurity.
Identity, Violence and Power: Mobilising Hatred, Demobilising Dissent (Identity Studies in the Social Sciences)
by Guy Elcheroth Stephen ReicherThis book provides a systematic examination of the re-patterning of collective identities through violence and the role of power politics in such critical transitions. The authors show how identity is created through shared social practices and how it is transformed when collective violence disrupts common practices. Three case studies show how this model sheds new light on the dynamics of religious violence in parts of India, on ethnic violence in the former Yugoslavia, as well as on anti-war protest in the UK in reaction to the military invasion of Iraq. The book explores an alternative way of looking at conflict, and dissects the policies and processes that bring specific identities to the fore, taking seriously the capacity to resist and face abusive authority. Identity, Violence and Power will be of interest to students and scholars of sociology, social psychology, history, political science and conflict studies.
Identity, Violence and Power: Mobilising hatred, Demobilising Dissent (Identity Studies in the Social Sciences)
by Guy Elcheroth Stephen ReicherThis book provides a systematic examination of the re-patterning of collective identities through violence and the role of power politics in such critical transitions. The authors show how identity is created through shared social practices and how it is transformed when collective violence disrupts common practices. Three case studies show how this model sheds new light on the dynamics of religious violence in parts of India, on ethnic violence in the former Yugoslavia, as well as on anti-war protest in the UK in reaction to the military invasion of Iraq. <p><p> The book explores an alternative way of looking at conflict, and dissects the policies and processes that bring specific identities to the fore, taking seriously the capacity to resist and face abusive authority. <p> Identity, Violence and Power will be of interest to students and scholars of sociology, social psychology, history, political science and conflict studies.
Identity: Fragments, Frankness (Commonalities)
by Jean-Luc NancyIdentity: Fragments, Frankness is a rich and powerful essay on the notion of identity and on how it operates in our contemporary world. In contrast to the various attempts to cling to established identities or to associate identity with dubious agendas, Nancy shows that an identity is always open to alterity and its transformations.Against cynical initiatives that seek to instrumentalize the question of identity in an attempt to manipulate sentiment against immigration, Nancy problematizes anew the notions of identity, nation, and national identity. He seeks to show that there is never a given identity but always an open process of identification that retains an exposure to difference. Thus identity can never operate as a self-identical subject, such as “the French.”Ultimately, for Nancy, one does not have an identity but has to become one. One can never return to a self-same identity but can only seek to locate oneself within difference and singularity. Nancy shows the impasse of a certain conception of identity that he calls the “identity of the identifiable,” which refers to some permanent, given, substantial identity. In opposition to such identity, Nancy offers the identity of whatever or whoever invents itself in an open process of exposure to others and internal difference. Hence, an identity is never given but “makes itself by seeking and inventing itself.” One does not have an identity, but is an identity.Identity is an act, not a state.This important book will provide much-needed philosophical clarification of a complex and strategic notion at the center of many current events and discussions.
Identity: The Demand for Dignity and the Politics of Resentment
by Francis FukuyamaThe New York Times bestselling author of The Origins of Political Order offers a provocative examination of modern identity politics: its origins, its effects, and what it means for domestic and international affairs of stateIn 2014, Francis Fukuyama wrote that American institutions were in decay, as the state was progressively captured by powerful interest groups. Two years later, his predictions were borne out by the rise to power of a series of political outsiders whose economic nationalism and authoritarian tendencies threatened to destabilize the entire international order. These populist nationalists seek direct charismatic connection to “the people,” who are usually defined in narrow identity terms that offer an irresistible call to an in-group and exclude large parts of the population as a whole. Demand for recognition of one’s identity is a master concept that unifies much of what is going on in world politics today. The universal recognition on which liberal democracy is based has been increasingly challenged by narrower forms of recognition based on nation, religion, sect, race, ethnicity, or gender, which have resulted in anti-immigrant populism, the upsurge of politicized Islam, the fractious “identity liberalism” of college campuses, and the emergence of white nationalism. Populist nationalism, said to be rooted in economic motivation, actually springs from the demand for recognition and therefore cannot simply be satisfied by economic means. The demand for identity cannot be transcended; we must begin to shape identity in a way that supports rather than undermines democracy.Identity is an urgent and necessary book—a sharp warning that unless we forge a universal understanding of human dignity, we will doom ourselves to continuing conflict.
Identität - Identifikation - Ideologie: Analysen zu politischen Einstellungen und politischem Verhalten in Deutschland (Wahlen und politische Einstellungen)
by Ulrich Rosar Evelyn Bytzek Markus SteinbrecherIdentität, Identifikation und Ideologie sind auch im 21. Jahrhundert zentrale Begriffe in der Politik und hilfreich bei der Identifizierung und Erklärung aktueller politischer Probleme. Der Band zeigt die große Bedeutung der Theorie sozialer Identität für Fragen der Wahl- und Einstellungsforschung. Er belegt mit der Betrachtung der Parteiidentifikation aus verschiedenen Perspektiven das umfangreiche Potenzial für Analysen zu klassischen Themen der Wahl- und Einstellungsforschung und zeigt die vielfältigen Möglichkeiten quantitativer und qualitativer Methoden auf.
Identität und Demokratie: Polarisierung und Ausgleich im Spannungsfeld von Liberalismus und Republikanismus (Vergleichende Politikwissenschaft)
by Simon BeinWie kann eine plurale Demokratie einerseits den Zusammenhalt der Bürgerinnen und Bürger ermöglichen, aber dennoch den Wettstreit zwischen spezifischen politischen Identitäten fördern? Offenheit und Wettbewerb sind konstitutiv für demokratische Ordnungen, allerdings benötigt es die Einbettung in eine demokratische Identität, um die dysfunktionale Polarisierung dieser Konflikte zu verhindern. Die zentrale These lautet, dass ein einseitiges politisches Identitätsmodell den Ausgleich legitimer Pole der Demokratie und die Herausbildung demokratischer Identität verhindert. Mit dem Liberalismus und dem Republikanismus werden zwei politische Identitäten konstruiert, die jeweils Möglichkeiten und Spannungen zu einer solchen demokratischen Identität aufweisen. Die Arbeit plädiert daher für eine Ausbalancierung beider politischen Identitäten: Eine empirische Analyse für den Zeitraum 2005 bis 2021 bestätigt, dass eine ausgeglichene Kombination aus liberaler und republikanischer politischer Identität in 27 untersuchten Demokratien in Zusammenhang mit einer niedrigeren politischen Polarisierung steht.
Identität unter Druck
by Marion Müller Patricia Pfeil Udo Dengel Lisa DonathDie Autor_innen untersuchen Identitätsstrategien von Paaren aus der Mittelschicht, die unter Überschuldungsdruck geraten. Sie gehen aufgrund biografischer Interviews, die in einer qualitativen Paneluntersuchung in drei Wellen erhoben wurden, der Frage nach, wie im Paar an der Identität gearbeitet wird und wie sich Identität verändert, wenn sozialer Abstieg droht. Die theoriegenerierende Analyse bringt Muster des Umgangs mit Überschuldung und der Selbstplatzierung hervor, die entlang der Begriffe ‚Kontinuität‘, ‚Modifikation‘ und ‚Moratorium‘ beschrieben werden. Ebenso gehen sie der Frage nach, wie die Lebenswelt in und mit Überschuldung als Paar konstruiert wird.
Ideocracies in Comparison: Legitimation – Cooptation – Repression (Extremism and Democracy)
by Uwe Backes Steffen KailitzIdeocracies, or ideological dictatorships, such as the "Third Reich", the Soviet Union and the People’s Republic of China have, much more than any other kinds of autocracy, characterized the history of the 20th century. Despite their undeniable loss of significance, ideocracies have not disappeared from the world in the 21st century. This book explores the functioning of ideocracies and analyses the typical interplay of legitimation, co-optation and repression which autocratic elites use in an attempt to stabilize their rule. In the first part of the book, the contributors discuss the conceptual history of the ideocracy notion. The second part offers case studies pertaining to the Soviet State, Italy, the National Socialist Regime, the German Democratic Republic, the People’s Republic of China, North Korea and Cuba. Finally, the third part compares various ideocracies and draws together key themes. Uniting the perspectives of history, philosophy and political science through the use of case studies and systematic comparisons, this book offers a unique examination of ideocracies both past and present which will be of interest to students and scholars researching political regimes, political history and comparative politics, as well as other disciplines.
Ideological Conflict and the Rule of Law in Contemporary China: Useful Paradoxes (Law in Context)
by Samuli SeppänenThis book studies ideological divisions within Chinese legal academia and their relationship to arguments about the rule of law. The book describes argumentative strategies used by Chinese legal scholars to legitimize and subvert China's state-sanctioned ideology. It also examines Chinese efforts to invent new, alternative rule of law conceptions. In addition to this descriptive project, the book advances a more general argument about the rule of law phenomenon, insisting that many arguments about the rule of law are better understood in terms of their intended and actual effects rather than as analytic propositions or descriptive statements. To illustrate this argument, the book demonstrates that various paradoxical, contradictory and otherwise implausible arguments about the rule of law play an important role in Chinese debates about the rule of law. Paradoxical statements about the rule of law, in particular, can be useful for an ideological project. Studies the rule of law through ideological positions and not through rule of law ideal types. Offers a path-breaking analysis and contribution to studies on law in China.
Ideological Flexibility of Political Parties in the Era of Transnational Cleavage: A Comparative Study of Lega and Rassemblement National (Routledge/UACES Contemporary European Studies)
by Alessio ScopellitiThis book provides a comprehensive analysis of how the parties of Lega and Rassemblement National have adjusted their ideologies over a four-decade period to adapt to the new transnational cleavage in Western Europe – the conflict between pro-EU and anti-EU sentiments.It sheds light on their ability to change ideological positions, policy stances, and adopt strategic shifts in response to the evolving political landscape. Drawing from a rich array of sources, the book challenges the perception of established radical right parties as inflexible, revealing their significant ideological adaptability. As such, it offers a richer understanding of the dynamics within the radical right party family.This book is of key interest to scholars and students of Euroscepticism, the Radical Right, party politics, and more broadly to European and comparative politics.
Ideological Heritage Vol 2
by William Howard GreenleafFirst Published in 2004. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.
Ideological Possession and the Rise of the New Right: The Political Thought of Carl Jung
by Laurie M. JohnsonPolitical theorist Laurie M. Johnson deals with Jung’s analysis of the effects of modern scientific rationalism on the development of communism, fascism and Nazism in the 20th century and applies this analysis to the rise of the New Right in the 21st century. Jung’s thought provides much needed insight into contemporary ideologies such as neoliberalism, Identitarianism and the Alt-Right. Johnson explains Jungian analytical psychology as it relates to these topics, with a chapter devoted to Jung’s views of Friedrich Nietzsche, who exemplifies the modern problem with his proclamation that God is dead, and an in-depth discussion of Jung’s views on truth and the psychological function of religion as a safeguard against deadly mass movements. She then turns to Jung’s treatment of anti-Semitism and the Nazi movement, and his views on race and racism. Johnson applies these historical insights to the current manifestations of mass psychological disruption in the clash between neoliberals and the right-wing populist and Identitarian movements on the rise in North America and Europe. She concludes by discussing the search for an authentic and meaningful life in a West that rejects extremism and is open to authentic spiritual experiences as a counterbalance to mass mindedness. Ideological Possession and the Rise of the New Right will appeal to both undergraduate and graduate students of psychology and intellectual history. The book will also be of interest to those wishing to understand the new nationalist, nativist and Identarian movements.
Ideological Representation: Elections, Institutions, and the Breakdown of Ideological Congruence in Parliamentary Democracies
by G. Bingham Powell, JrIdeological congruence is the term generally used in comparative politics for the representative relationship between the general preferences of citizens and the perceived and stated position of government. This study provides a systematic comparative assessment of success and failure in achieving ideological congruence in nineteen developed parliamentary democracies from 1996 through to 2017. It then deconstructs the processes through which elections can connect citizens and governments into the three major stages: citizens' votes in parliamentary elections; the conversion of those votes into legislative representation; the election of prime ministers by their parliaments and the appointment of cabinet ministers. Analyzing these three stages shows that average distance from the median citizen increases at each stage, with only a few remarkable recoveries once congruence begins to go astray.
Ideological Seduction and Intellectuals in Putin's Russia
by Dmitry ShlapentokhThis book examines the interplay between key rulers and intellectuals in creating and sustaining popular discourses that often help keep rulers in power. By focusing in particular on the relationship between Putin and Dugin during the early Putin regime, the author zooms in on the questionable honesty in Putin's interest in Dugin's philosophy, and the instrumentality of that philosophy for strategic regime building. Arguing that ideology is largely supported by political philosophies that gain popular traction, the book questions the extent to which rulers are likely to stay faithful to their stated ideologies. Providing on-the-ground insight into Putin's rule, this book appeals to researchers and policymakers studying Post-Soviet Politics.
Ideologies and the Corruption of Thought
by Joseph GabelEdited and with an introduction by Alan Sica. In 1975 Joseph Gabel published a modern masterpiece which appeared in English as False Consciousness: An Essay on Reification. Combining his special knowledge of existential psychiatry, axiology, Marxism, and political history, Gabel proposed the utterly novel idea that victims of serious mental disturbances (especially paranoia and schizophrenia) reproduce those distorted thought patterns commonly associated with ideological beliefs at the collective level. Such beliefs initially had been laid bare in the 1920s by Gabel's intellectual progenitors, Karl Mannheim and George Lukacs. Gabel's remarkable innovation was to transfer the private crisis of mental collapse into the analytic framework previously reserved for ideological critique, making him an expert on what was later called "the micro-macro problem." Ideologies and the Corruption of Thought includes Gabel's essays over the last 40 years, characteristically treating micro and macro theoretical matters simultaneously. Originally written in French and German, they have been recast in idiomatic English and bibliographically updated. Using a unique mode and vocabulary of analysis, Gabel offers theoretical investigations of McCarthyism and Stalinism (original and more recent types), as well as Althusser, Orwell, and Jonathan Swift in his capacity as a psychiatric theorist. He also explores anti-Zionism, anti-Semitism, and a fascinating case study of a paranoid who regarded himself as the pope. In addition this volume includes a range of general commentaries on ideological "thought," utopianism, and false consciousness. This rich feast of social and political analysis and theory illuminates a range of contemporary concerns: racism, utopian fantasy, ethnocentrism, anti-Semitism, the interplay of social structure and mental illness, and ideological transformations of social life, which only Gabel's unique mixture of the clinical and the political could achieve. It will be studied with interest by all theorists and politically alert readers in the social sciences, philosophy, and related fields of study.
Ideologies in Educational Administration and Leadership
by Eugenie A. SamierIdeologies in Educational Administration and Leadership explores ideological dimensions of educational administration in a number of Western and Central European contexts as they influence or shape the understanding, analysis, and practice in the field covering a broad range of topics, such as ethics, governance, diversity, and power. The first section, Philosophical and Theoretical Foundations, includes a range of sociological, political and linguistic approaches to examining ideology in an educational context. The second section, Ideologies of Research and Teaching, includes examinations of neoliberal and technological effects on research and teaching, as well as ideological shifts and challenges, in the West and in Eastern Europe. The last section, Contemporary and International Issues, includes critiques of social media, neoliberal impact on schooling, managerial leadership, university ideologies in Finland, the rationalisation of universities, and the impact of administrative ideologies on school systems. The book will appeal to researchers, practitioners, policy-makers, academics, as well as post-graduates in educational administration theory, and related courses in the ethics and politics of education, educational leadership, and organisational studies.
Ideologies in World Politics (Staat – Souveränität – Nation)
by Klaus-Gerd GiesenPolitical ideologies shape the behaviour of states, international institutions, terrorist groups, political elites, non-governmental organisations, and other international actors. The book analyses how the most important of them affect today’s world politics, and contribute to build a new and complex world order.
Ideologies of American Foreign Policy: From Pearl Harbour To The Present (Routledge Studies in US Foreign Policy)
by Mark Phythian John Callaghan Brendon O'ConnorA comprehensive account of ideology and its role in the foreign policy of the United States of America, this book investigates the way United States foreign policy has been understood, debated and explained in the period since the US emerged as a global force, on its way to becoming the world power. Starting from the premise that ideologies facilitate understanding by providing explanatory patterns or frameworks from which meaning can be derived, the authors study the relationship between ideology and foreign policy, demonstrating the important role ideas have played in US foreign policy. Drawing on a range of US administrations, they consider key speeches and doctrines, as well as private conversations, and compare rhetoric to actions in order to demonstrate how particular sets of ideas – that is, ideologies – from anti-colonialism and anti-communism to neo-conservatism mattered during specific presidencies and how US foreign policy was projected, explained and sustained from one administration to another. Bringing a neglected dimension into the study of US foreign policy, this book will be of great interest to students and researchers of US foreign policy, ideology and politics.