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Independent Cities: Rethinking U. S. Urban Policy
by Robert J. WasteEvery fifteen minutes a child in an American city suffers a gunshot wound. Thirty million urban Americans go to bed hungry each night. Twenty percent of the bridges in metro areas are functionally obsolete, and voter turnout nationally and in metro areas has declined almost 25 percent from the1960s to the 1990s. Since at least 1990, American cities have been forced to deal with overwhelming problems -- high levels of poverty, hunger, homelessness, crime, and low levels of funding for mass transit, infrastructure needs, and education. In short, American cities are facing a permanentcrisis, one which consumes more than 585 billion dollars every year. Independent Cities explores the factors which have caused the decline of America's major industrial cities, paying particular attention to the effects of federal policies. Robert Waste uses the unique problems and opportunities presented by contemporary American urban politics to explore publicpolicy and administrative options. He sets forth a rigorous examination of the current state of American cities, with careful consideration given to a wide variety of policy alternatives. From the moderate alterations identified with the Clinton administration to more radical positions, includingamending the American constitution and the massive overhauling of the nations infrastructure, Independent Cities suggests an array of solutions to the problems affecting urban America and the peculiar dynamics of urban politics. Waste abandons ideological purity and academic neutrality in favor oftrying to put together a set of programs and policies that, if given a fair trial at the national level, would help solve the current crisis in American cities. Throughout, he clearly lays out the interactions of federal, state, and local governments, and gives an overview of policy makers options. He offers his own inventive solutions, detailing what American cities need to do in the late 1990's and the early part of the next century to help create strong, healthy, independent cities. This text is essential reading for courses in political science and urban studies.
Independent Commissions and Contentious Issues in Post-Good Friday Agreement Northern Ireland
by Dawn WalshThis book asks how independent commissions helped to overcome difficulties during the implementation phase of the Good Friday Agreement. These independent groups worked to resolve issues which threatened to derail the peace process, including the reform of policing, the decommissioning of paramilitary weapons, the monitoring of ceasefires, dealing with the past conflict, and the issue of human rights. Each chapter provides an in-depth analysis of the work of a different group finding that the commissions engaged in a broad range of activities. Drawing on the lessons of Northern Ireland the book demonstrates the importance of balancing local and international involvement, the inclusion of expertise, and giving sufficient powers to such bodies. This volume appeals to academics and researchers in a range of disciplines such as politics, peace and conflict studies, international relations, and human rights law. It is of interest to readers who are interested in the Northern Ireland peace process and those seeking to understand how third parties can assist in the implementation of peace agreements.
Independent Diplomat: Dispatches from an Unaccountable Elite
by Carne RossAlthough diplomats negotiate more and more aspects of world affairs--from trade and security issues to health, human rights, and the environment--we have little idea of, and even less control over, what they are doing in our name. In Independent Diplomat, Carne Ross provides a compelling account of what's wrong with contemporary diplomacy and offers a bold new vision of how it might be put right. For more than fifteen years, Ross was a British diplomat on the frontlines of numerous international crises, including the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, the war in Afghanistan, and the buildup to the invasion of Iraq, over which he eventually resigned from the British civil service. In 2005, he founded Independent Diplomat, a nonprofit advisory firm that offers diplomatic advice and assistance to poor, politically marginalized or inexperienced governments and political groups, including Kosovo, Somaliland, and the Polisario movement in the Western Sahara, as well as to NGOs and other international institutions. Drawing on vivid episodes from his career in Oslo, Bonn, Kabul, and at the UN Security Council, Ross reveals that many of the assumptions that laypersons and even government officials hold about the diplomatic corps are wrong. He argues passionately and persuasively that the institutions of contemporary diplomacy--foreign ministries, the UN, the EU, and the like--often exclude those they most affect. He exposes the very limited range of evidence upon which diplomats base their reports, and the profoundly closed and undemocratic nature of the world's diplomatic forums. As a diplomat, Ross was encouraged to see the world in a narrow way in which the power of states and interests overwhelmed or excluded more complex, sophisticated ways of understanding. As Ross demonstrates, however, the reality of diplomatic negotiations, whether at the UN or among the warlords of Afghanistan, shows different forces at play, factors ignored in reductionist descriptions and academic theories of "international relations." To cope with the complexities of today's world, diplomats must open their doors--and minds--to a far wider range of individuals and groups, concerns and ideas, than the current and increasingly dysfunctional system allows.
Independent Man: The Life of Senator James Couzens (Great Lakes Books Series)
by Harry BarnardFirst published in 1958 by Charles Scribner's Sons, Independent Man is the only book-length biography of one of Michigan's most remarkable men. His many careers embraced both the business and political spheres. Couzens was a prominent business man who helped shape Ford Motor Company but he left the company when he and Henry Ford clashed over politics. Upon leaving Ford, Couzens began his career in politics. He first served as Detroit's police commissioner. He went on to a controversial term as mayor of Detroit and then represented Michigan in the U. S. Senate. This book reveals the life of a truly unique and inspirational man.
Independent Nation: How the Vital Center Is Changing American Politics
by John AvlonFifty percent of American voters define themselves as political moderates, two-thirds favor political solutions that come from the center of the political spectrum, and Independents outnumber both Democrats and Republicans. Bill Clinton and George W. Bush each explicitly used Centrist strategies to win the White House—and twenty-first-century candidates will be compelled to do the same.Independent Nation documents the rich history of the defining political movement of our time. Organized as a series of short and colorful political biographies, it offers an insightful and engaging analysis of the successes and failures of key Centrist leaders throughout the twentieth century. In the process, it demonstrates that Centrism is not only a winning political strategy but an enlightened governing philosophy that best reflects the will of the people by putting patriotism ahead of partisanship and the national interest ahead of special interests.
Independent Performing Arts in Europe: Establishment and Survival of an Emerging Field (Routledge Advances in Theatre & Performance Studies)
by Thomas Fabian EderThis structural account of independent performing arts in Europe is complimented by an analysis of the challenging social situation within the field. This book presents a neo-institutional examination of the organizational field including its routines, scripts, and expectations which provides a contribution to theatre studies, labour studies, and to social and cultural policy studies as well as valuable context for current advocacy and governance. This study offers knowledge based on empirical data and thus a foundation that is equally important for scholarly discourse, cross-national learning, and scientifically based recommendations for action to administration, the cultural policy level, and associations alike. The book examines the independent performing arts communities in Austria, Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Finland, Germany, Hungary, Iceland, Italy, Romania, Slovenia, Sweden and Switzerland.
Independent Politics
by Samara Klar Yanna KrupnikovThe number of independent voters in America increases each year, yet they remain misunderstood by both media and academics. Media describe independents as pivotal for electoral outcomes. Political scientists conclude that independents are merely 'undercover partisans': people who secretly hold partisan beliefs and are thus politically inconsequential. Both the pundits and the political scientists are wrong, argue the authors. They show that many Americans are becoming embarrassed of their political party. They deny to pollsters, party activists, friends, and even themselves, their true partisanship, instead choosing to go 'undercover' as independents. Independent Politics demonstrates that people intentionally mask their partisan preferences in social situations. Most importantly, breaking with decades of previous research, it argues that independents are highly politically consequential. The same motivations that lead people to identify as independent also diminish their willingness to engage in the types of political action that sustain the grassroots movements of American politics.
Independent Press in D.C. and Virginia: An Underground History
by Dale M. BrumfieldThe nation's capital and the state of Virginia were a hotbed of political and social turmoil that marked the 1960s and 1970s. The area saw anti-Vietnam War protests, civil rights marches and students clamoring for a cultural revolution. Underground publications in D.C. and Virginia sprang up to document the radical change and question the "straight media." Off Our Backs led the charge for women's equality. The Gay Blade fought for the rights of homosexuals. Even the FBI began infiltrating the underground press movement by planting informants and creating fake magazines to attract suspicious "radicals." Join author and former underground editor Dale Brumfield as he traces the history of alternative press in the Commonwealth and the District.
Independent Timor-Leste: Between Coercion and Consent (Elements in Politics and Society in Southeast Asia)
by Douglas KammenThis Element explores the primary modes by which rulers have exercised power and shaped political relations in Timor-Leste across four distinct periods. The contrast between coercion under colonial rule and consent expressed through the 1999 referendum on independence exerted a powerful influence on scholarship on Timor-Leste's politics and future. Since the restoration of independence in 2002, however, politics in Timor-Leste are best understood in terms of powerful economic constraints during the first Fretilin government (2002–06), and thereafter, thanks to revenue from the country's petroleum reserves, a ruling strategy based on a wide range of inducements (rather than genuine consent).
Independents Day
by Lou DobbsFrom The New York Times bestselling author of War on the Middle Class, a powerful look at the critical issues facing America on the eve of the 2008 Presidential election With up to a million viewers each day, Lou Dobbs Tonight has become one of the most popular news programs in the nation. Now Dobbs, whose last book, War on the Middle Class, captured the plight of working Americans, asks the question: What has happened to the American dream? By examining the disastrous pubic policy choices that have eroded individual liberties, reduced workers rights and pay, and led our nation into division at home as well as into conflict around the world, Dobbs charts a determined course that will restore the fundamental equality of rights and opportunity for all Americans. I n a time of acute political turmoil, this is a book of vital importance from a revered independent. .
Indeterminacy and Society
by Russell HardinIn simple action theory, when people choose between courses of action, they know what the outcome will be. When an individual is making a choice "against nature," such as switching on a light, that assumption may hold true. But in strategic interaction outcomes, indeterminacy is pervasive and often intractable. Whether one is choosing for oneself or making a choice about a policy matter, it is usually possible only to make a guess about the outcome, one based on anticipating what other actors will do. In this book Russell Hardin asserts, in his characteristically clear and uncompromising prose, "Indeterminacy in contexts of strategic interaction . . . Is an issue that is constantly swept under the rug because it is often disruptive to pristine social theory. But the theory is fake: the indeterminacy is real." In the course of the book, Hardin thus outlines the various ways in which theorists from Hobbes to Rawls have gone wrong in denying or ignoring indeterminacy, and suggests how social theories would be enhanced--and how certain problems could be resolved effectively or successfully--if they assumed from the beginning that indeterminacy was the normal state of affairs, not the exception. Representing a bold challenge to widely held theoretical assumptions and habits of thought, Indeterminacy and Society will be debated across a range of fields including politics, law, philosophy, economics, and business management.
Index and Query Methods in Road Networks
by Toyohide Watanabe Jun FengThis book presents the index and query techniques on road network and moving objects which are limited to road network. Here, the road network of non-Euclidean space has its unique characteristics such that two moving objects may be very close in a straight line distance. The index used in two-dimensional Euclidean space is not always appropriate for moving objects on road network. Therefore, the index structure needs to be improved in order to obtain suitable indexing methods, explore the shortest path and acquire nearest neighbor query and aggregation query methods under the new index structures. Chapter 1 of this book introduces the present situation of intelligent traffic and index in road network, Chapter 2 introduces the relevant existing spatial indexing methods. Chapter 3-5 focus on several issues of road network and query, they involves: traffic road network models (see Chapter 3), index structures (see Chapter 4) and aggregate query methods (see Chapter 5). Finally, in Chapter 6, the book briefly describes the applications and the development of intelligent transportation in the future.
India (Winston S. Churchill Early Speeches)
by Winston S. ChurchillA collection of speeches given by Churchill in the 1930s, fiercely opposing the India Bill and India home rule. In 1931, Britain's Conservative Party proposed the India Bill, a piece of legislation that would make significant changes to the way India governed itself under British rule. Winston Churchill was against the bill and defended his position with characteristic conviction and oratory brilliance. This book contains seven speeches and three important addresses Churchill gave on the subject, printed originally to generate popular support for Churchill's opinion. Churchill's opposition to Indian home rule is one of his more controversial political positions and led to a period of political isolation for him. Despite the strength of his oration, the India Bill was approved by Parliament in 1935. Documenting a rare loss for Churchill, these speeches provide an important insight into his mind and strategy as a political leader.
India - From Regional to World Power: From Regional To World Power (India in the Modern World #Vol. 2)
by Ashok KapurThis book provides an in-depth account of India's role in world politics at the beginning of the twenty-first century. The author shows how the approach laid down by Nehru and followed by his successors (an approach that included nuclear self-restraint, the search for friendly relations with Pakistan and China, seeking the high ground in moral and diplomatic spheres, and giving a lead to the non-aligned Third World) has been replaced. The new, more self-confident and assertive approach of this book is based on India's growing economic strength and has a more strategic and pro-Western orientation. Meticulous in approach, this book discusses this change, shows how it has come about, and explores how India's role in world politics might develop going forward. This book will be of interest to students and scholars of South Asian studies, Asian politics, international relations, and security studies.
India After Gandhi: The History of the World's Largest Democracy
by Ramachandra GuhaFrom one of the subcontinent’s most important and controversial writers comes this definitive history of post-Partition India, now revised and updated with extensive new materialTold in lucid and beautiful prose, the story of India’s wild ride toward and since Independence is a riveting one. Taking full advantage of the dramatic details of the protests and conflicts that helped shape the nation, politically, socially, and economically, Ramachandra Guha writes of the factors and processes that have kept the country together, and kept it democratic, defying the numerous prophets of doom.Moving between history and biography, this story provides fresh insights into the lives and public careers of those legendary and long-serving Prime Ministers, Jawaharlal Nehru and his daughter, Indira Gandhi. Guha includes vivid sketches of the major “provincial” leaders, but also writes with feeling and sensitivity about lesser-known Indians—peasants, tribals, women, workers, and Untouchables.Massively researched and elegantly written, this is the work of a major scholar at the height of his powers, a brilliant and definitive history of what is possibly the most important, occasionally the most exasperating, and certainly the most interesting country in the world. This tenth anniversary edition, published to coincide with seventy years of India’s independence, is revised and expanded to bring the narrative up to the present.
India Bangladesh Domestic Politics
by Punam PandeyThis book deals with how the governments of India and Bangladesh manage the Ganges River. On the basis of the Ganges issue, it explains India's involvement in the domestic politics of Bangladesh and how this involvement, in turn, shapes Ganges river politics. The book further analyses the constant friction between Indian preferences for bilateral negotiation in comparison to Bangladesh's demand for multilateral cooperation on the Ganges. This also highlights the role of civil society, tracing how organisations have engaged in and explored potential compromises acceptable to both countries. As the term of the treaty comes to an end in 2026, the present work underlines its limitations, as the impacts of climate change will involve far more than distress on water. In closing, it discusses a range of other challenges, including the erosion of the Indian central government's monopoly in foreign policy, especially in relation to its neighbours. Through extensive fieldwork in India and Bangladesh, together with interviews with politicians, diplomats and all those closely associated with the Ganges deliberations, the book reveals subtle aspects of the negotiations. What emerges as a distinctive feature of Indo-Bangladesh interactions on the Ganges is the fact that successful outcomes depend on the extent to which the ruling political powers in both countries accommodate one other's domestic political dynamics. This insight enriches scholarship on the Ganges River, addressing an aspect largely overlooked in the literature. Offering an up-to-the-minute analysis, the book examines the implementation of the Ganges Treaty through 2015, making it of interest to researchers focusing on South Asia and international relations, scholars on and practitioners of Indian foreign policy, journalists, water experts, civil society groups, and university students.
India Briefing, 1987
by Marshall M. BoutonThis annual review of major events, issues, and trends in Indian affairs presents an authoritative and insightful assessment of India in 1986. Interpretive essays illuminate the causes and consequences of a tumultuous year, as leading specialists discuss Indian politics, economy, society, culture, and foreign relations. The contributors examine such important developments as the breakdown of the Punjab accord, the resurgence of militant communalism, Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi's faltering leadership, the dramatic heightening of Indo-Pakistan tensions, the growing resistance to economic reforms, and the impact of the video revolution on Indian culture. Filling an important gap in the literature on contemporary Indian affairs, this book will be invaluable for students and scholars of South Asia as well as for journalists, policymakers, businesspeople, and serious travelers who wish to understand current and future developments in India.
India Briefing, 1988
by Marshall M. Bouton Philip OldenburgThis second volume in the series of annual assessments of key events and trends in Indian affairs offers an overview of Indian politics, economy, and foreign relations in 1987. It thoroughly examines important topics in Indian life, national security, science and technology, and education.
India Briefing, 1989
by Marshall M. BoutonIndia Briefing, 1989 is the third in a series of annual assessments of key events and issues in Indian affairs prepared by the Contemporary Affairs Department of The Asia Society. It covers the year's developments in Indian politics, foreign policy, and the economy.
India Briefing, 1990
by Marshall M. Bouton Philip OldenburgThis book aims to bring to readers an understanding of important developments in Indian affairs in 1990. It analyzes the role of resurgent Hinduism in India's political and social order and looks at the economy, foreign relations, law and poverty.
India Briefing, 1991
by Philip OldenburgThis book examines India's perception of its international role in relation to post-Cold War global realignment, describes social and literary movements among India's "Untouchables," and reviews the ongoing struggle over Kashmir. It presents comprehensive analyses of politics and the economy.
India Briefing, 1993
by Philip OldenburgA common theme in the India Briefing series has been India's resilience in the face of turmoil and tragedy. This year's volume demonstrates that India is under greater stress than ever before. In the country's severest test, India's secular foundations were shaken by the storming and destruction of the Barbi mosque in Ayodhya. This act of violence
India China: Rethinking Borders and Security
by Li Bo Adriana Erthal Abdenur Mahendra P. Lama Nimmi Kurian Payal Banerjee L.H.M. LingChallenging the Westphalian view of international relations, which focuses on the sovereignty of states and the inevitable potential for conflict, the authors from the Borderlands Study Group reconceive borders as capillaries enabling the flow of material, cultural, and social benefits through local communities, nation-states, and entire regions. By emphasizing local agency and regional interdependencies, this metaphor reconfigures current narratives about the China India border and opens a new perspective on the long history of the Silk Roads, the modern BCIM Initiative, and dam construction along the Nu River in China and the Teesta River in India. Together, the authors show that positive interaction among people on both sides of a border generates larger, cross-border communities, which can pressure for cooperation and development. India China offers the hope that people divided by arbitrary geo-political boundaries can circumvent race, gender, class, religion, and other social barriers, to form more inclusive institutions and forms of governance.
India Divided: Diversity and Democracy Under Attack (Open Media Series)
by Vandana ShivaIn India Divided, environmental, human rights, and antiglobalization activist Vandana Shiva chronicles the internal battles of a nation that is both the world's largest democracy and a leading nuclear power. Shiva describes a society where traditional cultures collide with the new economy of globalization, and charts the course of India's war of fundamentalisms in the age of terror. From the IT centers of Bangalore to the villages of Uttar Pradesh, from the massacre at Gujarat and the popular emergence of Hindutva's narrow communalism to the decades-old battle for Kashmir, India Divided reveals a convergence of globalization and terrorism. Looking to the plights of India's Dalit communities and millions of poor subsistence farmers impoverished or displaced by biotechnology, seed patents, and the spate of mega-dam projects, Shiva argues that these silent killers form a local terror unmatched in devastation. In India Divided Shiva addresses India's most urgent threats with gravity and hope.
India Goes to School: Education Policy and Cultural Politics
by Shivali TukdeoThis book pays attention to education in India as part of several overlapping stories developed along different axes: stories of dissent, contestations, appropriation and social action. . It historicizes the enterprise of formal education by paying attention to the numerous policy shifts. Further, it theorizes the education policy discourse by analysing the ways in which education is increasingly being shaped by international/transnational knowledge production, actors and norms. Focusing on the cultural politics of education policy production, circulation and translation across different contexts, the book revisits some of the long-standing and unresolved debates on social reforms, justice, nationalism and mobility. Evolution of ideas such as mass education, national education, adult literacy and education through public-private-partnerships showcase the momentous shifts in education policy over the course of last century. Ideas, institutional and economic arrangements, administrative formulations and frameworks for implementation make frequent appearances in the cultural as well as political reading of education policy. In a departure from the traditional policy research, this work sees policy as socially and culturally constructed; connected to questions of power, context and struggle; and part of a number of processes at large.