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Inequality, Democracy, and the Environment
by Liam DowneyWinner, American Sociological Association Section on Environment and Technology Allan Schnaiberg Outstanding Publication AwardThe world currently faces several severe social and environmental crises, including economic under-development, widespread poverty and hunger, lack of safe drinking water for one-sixth of the world’s population, deforestation, rapidly increasing levels of pollution and waste, dramatic declines in soil fertility and biodiversity, and global warming. Inequality, Democracy, and the Environment sheds light on the structural causes of these and other social and environmental crises, highlighting in particular the key role that elite-controlled organizations, institutions, and networks play in creating these crises. Liam Downey focuses on four topics—globalization, agriculture, mining, and U.S. energy and military policy—to show how organizational and institutional inequality and elite-controlled organizational networks produce environmental degradation and social harm. He focuses on key institutions like the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund, the U.S. Military and the World Trade Organization to show how specific policies are conceived and enacted in order to further elite goals. Ultimately, Downey lays out a path for environmental social scientists and environmentalists to better understand and help solve the world’s myriad social and environmental crises. Inequality, Democracy and the Environment presents a passionate exposé of the true role inequality, undemocratic institutions and organizational power play in harming people and the environment.
Inequality, Demography and Fiscal Policy (Applied Economics and Policy Studies)
by Weijie LuoThis book aims to empirically and theoretically study how income inequality and demographic change affected fiscal policy and subsequent economic growth globally in the past decades from four perspectives. First, it briefly reviews the dynamic changes of income sources that contribute to inequality. Second, it distinguishes between income inequality induced by differences in labor productivity and income inequality induced by differences in capital income. Third, it briefly reviews the dynamic changes of tax composition in the age of demographic change. Last, it discusses the impacts of changes in age structure on the extent of taxes on income relative to expenditure. This book offers a comprehensive discussion to understand and analyze the reason, performance and challenge of fiscal policy and economic growth from the perspective of inequality and demographics.In addition to students, teachers and researchers in the areas of equity, demography, political economy and economic policy, this book is also of great interest to policy makers, planners and non-government agencies who are concerned with understanding and addressing poverty-related and aging-related issues in developed and developing countries.
Inequality, Economic Growth and Business Decision-Making (Routledge Focus on Management and Society)
by Asis Kumar BanerjeeIt is now widely recognised that rising inequality of income and wealth on the one hand and a slowdown in the rate of economic growth on the other are two of the most important challenges faced today by the global economy as well as by most of the developing economies. This book starts by explaining how these two issues are interrelated. There is no dearth of books on the role that the economic policies of the government can play in meeting these twin challenges. The role of business managers in the private sector of the economy, however, is a relatively neglected area. This book seeks to close this gap in the literature. The central message of the book is that, contrary to popular belief, it is in the interests of private business itself that business managers take into account the effects that their decisions have on the economy as a whole. It is shown that a failure to do so would hurt their own economic prospects in both the short run and the long. Emphasis is given on the importance of an appropriate orientation of managerial decisions and on the role of investors (i.e. the suppliers of capital) in inducing managers to take socially optimal decisions. The book is addressed as much to business managers and students in management courses as to the general reader. Therefore, no prior knowledge of advanced economic theory is presumed. All arguments are built from first principles.
Inequality, Grievances, and Civil War
by Lars-Erik Cederman Kristian Skrede Gleditsch Halvard Buhaug Lars-Erik Cederman Kristian Skrede GleditschThis book argues that political and economic inequalities following group lines generate grievances that in turn can motivate civil war. Larks-Erik Cederman, Kristian Skrede Gleditsch, and Halvard Buhaug offer a theoretical approach that highlights ethnonationalism and how the relationship between group identities and inequalities are fundamental for successful mobilization to resort to violence. Although previous research highlighted grievances as a key motivation for political violence, contemporary research on civil war has largely dismissed grievances as irrelevant, emphasizing instead the role of opportunities. This book shows that the alleged non-results for grievances in previous research stemmed primarily from atheoretical measures, typically based on individual data. The authors develop new indicators of political and economic exclusion at the group level, and show that these exert strong effects on the risk of civil war. They provide new analyses of the effects of transnational ethnic links and the duration of civil wars, and extended case discussions illustrating causal mechanisms.
Inequality, Marketization and the Majority Class: Why Did the European Middle Classes Accept Neo-Liberalism?
by Steffen MauThis book addresses the question of why the European middle classes were ready to accept some of the key features of neo-liberalism.
Inequality, Output-Inflation Trade-Off and Economic Policy Uncertainty: Evidence From South Africa
by Eliphas Ndou Thabo MokoenaThis book focuses on income inequality, output-inflation trade-off and economic policy uncertainty in South Africa. Tight monetary and macroprudential policies raise income inequality. Income inequality transmits monetary policy and macroprudential policy shocks to real economic activity. Economic policy uncertainty influences the dynamics in the lending rate margins, inflation expectations, credit, pass-through of the repo rate to bank lending rates and companies’ cash holdings. The trade-off between output and inflation and output growth persistence vary with inflation regimes. Stimulatory demand policy shocks are less effective in high inflation regime. High income inequality raises consumption inequality, which raises demand for credit, but price stability matters in this link. Increased bank concentration raises income inequality, lowers economic growth and employment rate. Elevated economic policy uncertainty lowers output growth, lowers capital formation, reduces credit and raises companies’ cash holdings. Increased companies’ cash holdings reduce capital formation and impact the transmission of expansionary monetary policy shocks to real economic activity. This book shows there is an inflation level within the target band below it which lowers income inequality, while raising GDP growth and employment. Thus price stability, economic policy uncertainty and income inequality matter for the efficient transmission of policy shocks.
Inequality, Poverty and Precarity in Contemporary American Culture
by Sieglinde LemkeThis book analyzes the discourse generated by pundits, politicians, and artists to examine how poverty and the income gap is framed through specific modes of representation. Set against the dichotomy of the structural narrative of poverty and the opportunity narrative, Lemke's modified concept of precarity reveals new insights into the American situation as well as into the textuality of contemporary demands for equity. Her acute study of a vast range of artistic and journalistic texts brings attention to a mode of representation that is itself precarious, both in the modern and etymological sense, denoting both insecurity and entreaty. With the keen eye of a cultural studies scholar her innovative book makes a necessary contribution to academic and popular critiques of the social effects of neoliberal capitalism.
Inequality, Poverty, Education
by Couze Venn Francesca AshurstThis book challenges the practice of exclusion by uncovering its roots in 19th century social and educational policy targeting poor children. Revealing a hidden history of exclusion, this analysis exposes the connections between the state, the education system and social policy, and opens a space for radical alternatives.
Inequality: Social Class and Its Consequences
by D. Stanley Eitzen Janis E JohnstonThis book offers an up-to-date portrait of the realities of social class and its consequences in the United States today, focusing on the increasing inequality gap; the shrinking middle class; the myth and realities of social mobility; the consequences of class for work, health care, education, the justice system, war, and the environment; and progressive solutions for reducing inequality and improving human life.
Inequality: What Can Be Done?
by Anthony B. AtkinsonInequality is one of our most urgent social problems. Curbed in the decades after World War II, it has recently returned with a vengeance. We all know the scale of the problem-talk about the 99% and the 1% is entrenched in public debate-but there has been little discussion of what we can do but despair. According to the distinguished economist Anthony Atkinson, however, we can do much more than skeptics imagine. Atkinson has long been at the forefront of research on inequality, and brings his theoretical and practical experience to bear on its diverse problems. He presents a comprehensive set of policies that could bring about a genuine shift in the distribution of income in developed countries. The problem, Atkinson shows, is not simply that the rich are getting richer. We are also failing to tackle poverty, and the economy is rapidly changing to leave the majority of people behind. To reduce inequality, we have to go beyond placing new taxes on the wealthy to fund existing programs. We need fresh ideas. Atkinson thus recommends ambitious new policies in five areas: technology, employment, social security, the sharing of capital, and taxation. He defends these against the common arguments and excuses for inaction: that intervention will shrink the economy, that globalization makes action impossible, and that new policies cannot be afforded. More than just a program for change, Atkinson's book is a voice of hope and informed optimism about the possibilities for political action.
Inevitable Democracy in the Arab World: New Realities in an Ancient Land
by Wissam S. YafiWissam S. Yafi argues that there are four dynamics leading to inevitable change in the Arab region: geopolitical, geoeconomic, geosocial, and technological. Yafi comes to the conclusion that no system will be able to support the dynamics in place except for democracy.
Infamous Speeches: From Robespierre to Osama bin Laden
by Bob BlaisdellThis anthology comprises some of history's most hateful public addresses, consisting of speeches invoking racism, genocide, anti-Semitism, terrorism, and other extreme views. Selections range from an oration by Robespierre during the Reign of Terror that followed the French Revolution to Osama bin Laden's threats related to the terrorist actions of 9/11.Additional speeches include Andrew Jackson's Seventh Annual Message to Congress in 1835, promoting the Indian Removal Act; Jefferson Davis' 1861 announcement of Southern secession; and Joseph R. McCarthy's "Wheeling" speech of 1950, in which the senator claimed knowledge of Communist loyalists within the U. S. government. Other speakers include Hitler, Mussolini, Mao Tse-Tung, and Stalin. Each speech features a brief introduction that places it in historical context.
Infamy
by John TolandBestselling author and historian John Toland's expertise and skill as a narrator were awarded with the Pulitzer Prize for his sweeping Rising Sun. In Infamy, Toland extends and corrects his account of the events leading up to Japan's attack on Pearl Harbor, addressing persistent questions: Could FDR have engineered a conspiracy to get the US into the War? Did high-level military and civilian leaders lie under oath? Were the wrong men held culpable in order to protect Washington? Accessing formerly secret government, military, and diplomatic records--including the account of the then anonymous and controversial "Seaman Z"--Toland masterfully reevaluates what we know about this infamous act of aggression against the US.
Infant Care and Motherhood in an Urban Community
by John Elizabeth NewsonInfant Care and Motherhood in an Urban Community investigates the behavior and attitudes of 709 mothers towards their year-old babies. John and Elizabeth Newson, impatient with the voluminous and contradictory literature telling parents how their children should be brought up, decided to find out how they were being brought up. Infant Care in an Urban Community is focused on sources of advice that influence parents, how they feel about their children, and how they react to situations in handling young babies.Infant handling today is still a subject on which many different specialists use the full weight of their professional authority to back up their private prejudices concerning what is good and what is bad in the care of young children. In the face of the conflict which results, intelligent parents are rapidly forced to the conclusion that the experts know little more about the matter than they do themselves. The truth is that in the present state of knowledge there is not a sufficient body of well-substantiated evidence about the facts and consequences of child rearing on which to base sound practical advice to parents. This is where this book comes in. It shows that much of the advice offered is often out of touch with the practical needs, circumstances, and beliefs of the ordinary mother.Few theories of child rearing have been subjected to the inconvenience of being reconciled with the empirical evidence. This is the first study which has obtained information of this sort from a large and representative sample of mothers, and which has investigated the behavior of both mother and baby aehere and now' rather than relying on fond maternal memories. A special feature is the use of tape-recorded interviews which has allowed extensive quotation of their mothers' own opinions.
Infantas: De la primogénita de Felipe V a la sucesora de Felipe VI
by José María ZavalaUn recorrido apasionante por el pasado, presente y futuro de las mujeres de la dinastía borbónica, veinte infantas que pudieron reinar en España De la hija de Felipe V a la del actual Príncipe de Asturias, Leonor. ¿La última? ¿Sabía por qué a la segunda infanta de la dinastía, María Josefa Carmela de Borbón y Sajonia, se la motejó como «la de los huesos frágiles»? ¿Y el verdadero motivo de que a la infanta Carlota Joaquina se la apodase «la intrigante» o a Luisa Carlota «la celestina»? ¿Conoce la razón por la cual la infanta Elvira desfila por estas páginas como «la fogosa» y a la infanta Cristina se la denomina «la equilibrista»? Romances secretos, infidelidades, complots, muertes trágicas, matrimonios regios por razones de Estado... y divorcios sonados. Esta completa galería de infantas se compone de veinte inusitados retratos que abarcan los últimos siglos de la historia de España hasta la actualidad, donde la infanta Leonor se erige como inmediata sucesora de su padre, el príncipe Felipe, quién sabe si Felipe VI, rey de España, algún día. Reseñas:«Zavala nos da un inolvidable paseo de la mano por la historia.»Julia Navarro
Infectious Change: Reinventing Chinese Public Health After an Epidemic
by Katherine MasonIn February 2003, a Chinese physician crossed the border between mainland China and Hong Kong, spreading Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)--a novel flu-like virus--to over a dozen international hotel guests. SARS went on to kill about 800 people and sicken 8,000 worldwide. By July 2003 the disease had disappeared, but it left an indelible change on public health in China. The Chinese public health system, once famous for its grassroots, low-technology approach, was transformed into a globally-oriented, research-based, scientific endeavor. In Infectious Change, Katherine A. Mason investigates local Chinese public health institutions in Southeastern China, examining how the outbreak of SARS re-imagined public health as a professionalized, biomedicalized, and technological machine--one that frequently failed to serve the Chinese people. Mason recounts the rapid transformation as young, highly trained biomedical scientists flooded into local public health institutions, replacing bureaucratic government inspectors who had dominated the field for decades. Infectious Change grapples with how public health in China was reinvented into a prestigious profession in which global impact and recognition were paramount--and service to vulnerable local communities was secondary.
Infectious Disease and National Security
by Gary Cecchine Melinda MooreThe pace of global travel, migration, and commerce has brought about an increased risk of a worldwide infectious disease outbreak. This report examines infectious disease within the context of national security and assesses the need for and adequacy of information that will enable U.S. policymakers to prevent and respond to such threats.
Inference, Explanation, and Other Frustrations: Essays in the Philosophy of Science (Pittsburgh Series in Philosophy and History of Science #14)
by John EarmanThese provocative essays by leading philosophers of science exemplify and illuminate the contemporary uncertainty and excitement in the field. The papers are rich in new perspectives, and their far-reaching criticisms challenge arguments long prevalent in classic philosophical problems of induction, empiricism, and realism. By turns empirical or analytic, historical or programmatic, confessional or argumentative, the authors' arguments both describe and demonstrate the fact that philosophy of science is in a ferment more intense than at any time since the heyday of logical positivism early in the twentieth century. Contents: "Thoroughly Modern Meno," Clark Glymour and Kevin Kelly "The Concept of Induction in the Light of the Interrogative Approach to Inquiry," Jaakko Hintikka "Aristotelian Natures and Modern Experimental Method," Nancy Cartwright "Genetic Inference: A Reconsideration of "David Hume's Empiricism," Barbara D. Massey and Gerald J. Massey "Philosophy and the Exact Sciences: Logical Positivism as a Case Study," Michael Friedman "Language and Interpretation: Philosophical Reflections and Empirical Inquiry," Noam Chomsky "Constructivism, Realism, and Philosophical Method," Richard Boyd "Do We Need a Hierarchical Model of Science?" Diderik Batens "Theories of Theories: A View from Cognitive Science," Richard E. Grandy "Procedural Syntax for Theory Elements," Joseph D. Sneed "Why Functionalism Didn't Work," Hilary Putnam "Physicalism," Hartry Field This title is part of UC Press's Voices Revived program, which commemorates University of California Press’s mission to seek out and cultivate the brightest minds and give them voice, reach, and impact. Drawing on a backlist dating to 1893, Voices Revived makes high-quality, peer-reviewed scholarship accessible once again using print-on-demand technology. This title was originally published in 1992.
Inferential Network Analysis (Analytical Methods for Social Research)
by Skyler J. Cranmer Bruce A. Desmarais Jason W. MorganThis unique textbook provides an introduction to statistical inference with network data. The authors present a self-contained derivation and mathematical formulation of methods, review examples, and real-world applications, as well as provide data and code in the R environment that can be customised. Inferential network analysis transcends fields, and examples from across the social sciences are discussed (from management to electoral politics), which can be adapted and applied to a panorama of research. From scholars to undergraduates, spanning the social, mathematical, computational and physical sciences, readers will be introduced to inferential network models and their extensions. The exponential random graph model and latent space network model are paid particular attention and, fundamentally, the reader is given the tools to independently conduct their own analyses.
Infertility: Tracing the History of a Transformative Term (RSA Series in Transdisciplinary Rhetoric #3)
by Robin E. JensenThis book explores the arguments, appeals, and narratives that have defined the meaning of infertility in the modern history of the United States and Europe. Throughout the last century, the inability of women to conceive children has been explained by discrepant views: that women are individually culpable for their own reproductive health problems, or that they require the intervention of medical experts to correct abnormalities. Using doctor-patient correspondence, oral histories, and contemporaneous popular and scientific news coverage, Robin Jensen parses the often thin rhetorical divide between moralization and medicalization, revealing how dominating explanations for infertility have emerged from seemingly competing narratives. Her longitudinal account illustrates the ways in which old arguments and appeals do not disappear in the light of new information, but instead reemerge at subsequent, often seemingly disconnected moments to combine and contend with new assertions.Tracing the transformation of language surrounding infertility from “barrenness” to “(in)fertility,” this rhetorical analysis both explicates how language was and is used to establish the concept of infertility and shows the implications these rhetorical constructions continue to have for individuals and the societies in which they live.
Infibulation: Female Mutilation in Islamic Northeastern Africa
by Esther HicksInfibulation is the most extreme form of female circumci- sion. It plays an important role in the Islamic societies of northeastern Africa. Until now, the social significance and function of this practice has been poorly understood. In this volume, Hicks analyzes female circumcision as a cultural trait embedded in a historically traditional milieu and shows why it cannot be treated in isolation as a single issue destined for elimination.
Infidel: Infidel
by Ayaan Hirsi AliOne of today&’s most admired and controversial political figures, Ayaan Hirsi Ali burst into international headlines following the murder of Theo van Gogh by an Islamist who threatened that she would be next. She made headlines again when she was stripped of her citizenship and resigned from the Dutch Parliament.Infidel shows the coming of age of this distinguished political superstar and champion of free speech as well as the development of her beliefs, iron will, and extraordinary determination to fight injustice. Raised in a strict Muslim family, Hirsi Ali survived civil war, female mutilation, brutal beatings, adolescence as a devout believer during the rise of the Muslim Brotherhood, and life in four troubled, unstable countries ruled largely by despots. She escaped from a forced marriage and sought asylum in the Netherlands, where she earned a college degree in political science, tried to help her tragically depressed sister adjust to the West, and fought for the rights of Muslim women and the reform of Islam as a member of Parliament. Under constant threat, demonized by reactionary Islamists and politicians, disowned by her father, and expelled from family and clan, she refuses to be silenced. Ultimately a celebration of triumph over adversity, Hirsi Ali’s story tells how a bright little girl evolves out of dutiful obedience to become an outspoken, pioneering freedom fighter. As Western governments struggle to balance democratic ideals with religious pressures, no other book could be more timely or more significant.
Infidels: A Novel
by Alison Strayer Abdellah TaiaSet in Salé, Morocco--the hometown Abdellah Taïa fled but to which he returns again and again in his acclaimed fiction and films--Infidels follows the life of Jallal, the son of a prostitute witch doctor--"a woman who knew men, humanity, better than anyone. In sex. Beyond sex." As a ten-year-old sidekick to his mother, Jallal spits in the face of her enemies both real and imagined.The cast of characters that rush into their lives are unforgettable for their dreams of love and belonging that unravel in turn. Built as a series of monologues that are emotionally relentless--a mix of confession, heart's murmuring, and shouting match--the book follows Jallal out of boyhood on the path to Jihad. It's a path that surprises even him.From the Hardcover edition.
Infiltrada
by D. B. JohnNovela de espionaje y un retrato fiel de un infierno real, Infiltrada pone en evidencia los horrores de una dictadura sin escrúpulos basada en el culto al líder, que con el tiempo se ha convertido en una amenaza global de primera magnitud. Mientras lo lees creerás estar en Corea del Norte, y al acabarlo te jurarás nunca poner los pies allí. Han pasado casi dos décadas desde que Soo-min desapareció en una playa de Corea del Sur. El informe oficial afirma que murió ahogada junto a su novio, pero Jenna, su hermana gemela, siempre se ha negado a admitir esa versión de los hechos. En todos estos años, el errático e impenetrable régimen de Kim Jong-il ha intensificado su política de intimidación al vecino del sur, y por extensión a todo Occidente, mientras se confirman los indicios de que su programa nuclear avanza a un ritmo peligrosamenterápido. Debido a sus conocimientos de geopolítica, a su dominio del idioma y a los rasgos físicos heredados de su madre coreana, Jenna es escogida para unirse a los grupos de expertos en asuntos norcoreanos reclutados por el gobierno estadounidense con el propósito de hacer frente a la amenaza. Servir a su país y al mismo tiempo indagar en la verdadera historia de la desaparición de su hermana es una oportunidad que Jenna no puede dejar escapar. Convertida en una agente encubierta e infiltrada en Corea del Norte, está dispuesta a poner en riesgo su vida para recuperar a Soo-min y así cauterizar las heridas que le impiden llevar una existencia plena. A partir de una documentación exhaustiva y de un excepcional conocimiento del terreno, D.B. John se adentra en el país más inexpugnable del planeta a través de un thriller vibrante que resulta a su vez profundamente humano. Con un ritmo trepidante cargado de tensión, la trama nos conduce por campos de entrenamiento de la CIA, misiones diplomáticas envueltas en alambre de espino, bases secretas, laboratorios experimentales y campos de trabajos forzados de Corea del Norte. Reseñas:«Extraordinaria [...], inteligente, sofisticada, llena de suspense. E importante. Si vas a leer algo nuevo este año, que sea Infiltrada.»Lee Child «D.B. John nos ofrece el thriller más oportuno de 2018. Un intrincado rompecabezas de espías que sumerge al lector en una carrera mortal a través de Corea del Norte.»Matthew Fitzsimmons
Infiltrated: How to Stop the Insiders and Activists Who Are Exploiting the Financial Crisis to Control Our Lives and Our Fortunes
by Jay W. RichardsWhat Every American Needs to Know About the War on Free Enterprise--and Freedom Itself. America: be warned. A new wave of financial reformers has infiltrated our public institutions at both the state and national levels. A growing army of self-proclaimed activists, philanthropists, and politicians has infiltrated not only the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, but the FDIC, the Treasury, and other regulatory agencies. This explosive new book from New York Times bestselling author Jay W.