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Learning by Doing: The Real Connection between Innovation, Wages, and Wealth
by James Bessen&“Bessen sets out to refute the arguments of . . . techno-pessimists, relying on economic analysis and on a fresh reading of history&” (The Wall Street Journal). Technology is constantly changing our world, leading to more efficient production. But where once technological advancements dramatically increased wages, the median wage has remained stagnant over the past three decades. Many of today&’s machines have taken over the work of humans, destroying old jobs while increasing profits for business owners and raising the possibility of ever-widening economic inequality. Here, economist and software company founder James Bessen discusses why these remarkable advances have, so far, benefited only a select few. He argues the need for unique policies to develop the knowledge and skills necessary to implement rapidly evolving technologies. Currently, this technical knowledge is mostly unstandardized and difficult to acquire, learned through job experience rather than in classrooms, but labor markets rarely provide strong incentives for learning on the job. Basing his analysis on intensive research into economic history as well as today&’s labor markets, Bessen explores why the benefits of technology can take decades to emerge. Although the right policies can hasten the process, policy has moved in the wrong direction, protecting politically influential interests to the detriment of emerging technologies and broadly shared prosperity. This is a thoughtful look at what leaders need to do to ensure success not only for the next quarter, but for society in the long term. &“Everyone agrees that education is the key to wage growth. But what kind of education? . . . This enlightening and insightful book . . . shows that economic history can provide some useful and surprising answers.&” —Hal Varian, chief economist at Google
Learning Capitalist Culture: Deep in the Heart of Tejas (Contemporary Ethnography)
by Douglas E. FoleyLearning Capitalist Culture presents an updated ethnographic study of the small, economically depressed, predominantly Mexican American south Texas town. Many communities in the Southwest, North Town has undergone cultural and political change since the late 1960s, when the Chicano civil rights movement emerged and challenged the segregated racial order. The resulting racial confrontation between Mexican's and Anglo's created new tensions and problems for North Town youth. <p><p> Douglas E. Foley examines the way in which these youth learn traditional American values through participation in sports, membership in formal and informal social groups, dating, and interactions with teachers in the classroom. Foley shows how the rituals involved in these activities tend to preserve or reproduce class and gender inequalities, even as Mexicanos transform the racial order. This edition contains updated sections on theory and field methods, as well as an epilogue that revisits many of the characters in the original ethnographic research.
Learning Disabilities: Contemporary Viewpoints
by Brian J. Cratty Richard L. GoldmanThis volume examines the field of learning disabilities and the education of learning disabled (LD) children through the eyes of several experts. Contributors bring to the book such diverse academic backgrounds as education, psychology, special education and medicine. The chapters, adapted from lectures given at the Landmark West School in California, include audience questions and responses. Chapters on new medications for the LD child, contemporary research on dyslexia and educational strategies for improving reading are complemented bychapters on social and emotional issues that affect the families of learning disabled children, adolescents and young adults.
Learning for Careers: The Pathways to Prosperity Network (Work and Learning Series)
by Nancy Hoffman Robert B. SchwartzLearning for Careers provides a comprehensive account of the Pathways to Prosperity Network, a national initiative focused on helping more young people successfully complete high school, attain a first postsecondary credential with value in the labor market, and get started on a career without foreclosing the opportunity for further education. It takes as its starting point the influential 2011 Pathways to Prosperity report, which challenged the prevailing idea that the core mission of high schools was to prepare all students for college. In response, the Pathways Network was founded in 2012 to promote cooperative arrangements between educational and business institutions in order to fashion pathways for young people to acquire twenty-first-century skills and achieve professional success. This book traces the evolution of the Pathways Network over the past five years, focusing on the efforts of a diverse set of states and regions to build systems that span high school and the first two years of postsecondary education. States such as Delaware and Tennessee have been highly effective in establishing systems designed to equip students with credentials valued in the contemporary labor market. At the same time, the authors acknowledge the technical, political, and cultural challenges in redesigning career-focused education to produce satisfactory outcomes for young people throughout the country.Learning for Careers offers a way forward for the millions of young people and employers that face a rapidly evolving and ever more competitive globalized workplace. This book will be essential reading for all who have a stake in educational and economic opportunity in the United States.
Learning for Environmental Governance: Insights for a More Adaptive Future (Elements in Earth System Governance)
by null Andrea K. Gerlak null Tanya HeikkilaLearning is critical for our capacity to govern the environment and adapt proactively to complex and emerging environmental issues. Yet, underlying barriers can challenge our capacity for learning in environmental governance. As a result, we often fail to adequately understand pressing environmental problems or produce innovative and effective solutions. This Element synthesizes insights from extensive academic and applied research on learning around the world to inform both research and practice. We distill the social and structural features of governance to help researchers and practitioners better understand, diagnose, and support learning and more adaptive responses to environmental problems.
Learning for Life: Politics and Progress in Recurrent Education (Routledge Library Editions: Education)
by Frank Molyneux George Low Gerry FowlerAlthough the 1970s and 1980s witnessed a widespread reaction against investment in education there has been an extraordinary growth of interest in recurrent education. This book, sponsored by the Association for Recurrent Education, reports these considerable developments in both theory and practice in the United Kingdom and abroad. It presents a comprehensive picture of the range of initiatives and policies which are helping to make recurrent education one of the strongest sectors in contemporary education.
Learning for Work: How Industrial Education Fostered Democratic Opportunity
by Connie GoddardFounded in 1883, the Chicago Manual Training School (CMTS) was a short-lived but influential institution dedicated to teaching a balanced combination of practical and academic skills. Connie Goddard uses the CMTS as a door into America’s early era of industrial education and the transformative idea of “learning to do.” Rooting her account in John Dewey’s ideas, Goddard moves from early nineteenth century supporters of the union of learning and labor to the interconnected histories of CMTS, New Jersey’s Manual Training and Industrial School for Colored Youth, North Dakota’s Normal and Industrial School, and related programs elsewhere. Goddard analyzes the work of movement figures like abolitionist Theodore Weld, educators Calvin Woodward and Booker T. Washington, social critic W.E.B. Du Bois, Dewey himself, and his influential Chicago colleague Ella Flagg Young. The book contrasts ideas about manual training held by advocate Nicholas Murray Butler with those of opponent William Torrey Harris and considers overlooked connections between industrial education and the Arts and Crafts Movement. An absorbing merger of history and storytelling, Learning for Work looks at the people who shaped industrial education while offering a provocative vision of realizing its potential today.
Learning from Bryant Park: Revitalizing Cities, Towns, and Public Spaces
by Andrew M. ManshelBy the 1970s, 42nd Street in New York was widely perceived to be unsafe, a neighborhood thought to be populated largely by drug dealers, porn shops, and muggers. But in 1979, civic leaders developed a long-term vision for revitalizing one especially blighted block, Bryant Park. The reopening of the park in the 1990s helped inject new vitality into midtown Manhattan and served as a model for many other downtown revitalization projects. So what about urban policy can we learn from Bryant Park? In this new book, Andrew M. Manshel draws from both urbanist theory and his first-hand experiences as a urban public space developer and manager who worked on Bryant Park and later applied its strategies to an equally successful redevelopment project in a very different New York neighborhood: Jamaica, Queens. He candidly describes what does (and doesn’t) work when coordinating urban redevelopment projects, giving special attention to each of the many details that must be carefully observed and balanced, from encouraging economic development to fostering creative communities to delivering appropriate services to the homeless. Learning from Bryant Park is thus essential reading for anyone who cares about giving new energy to downtowns and public spaces.
Learning from Catastrophes: Strategies for Reaction and Response
by Howard Kunreuther Michael UseemBreakthrough, business-focused techniques for managing the growing risks of catastrophe, from world's leading experts--Indispensable 'extreme risks' guidance for decision-makers in a world that is becoming increasingly unstable. -Powerful assessment models, decision-making techniques, and best practices for building resilience into any organization, public or private. -Edited by the leading experts who recently introduced influential new techniques for managing extreme risks at the World Economic Forum. Events ranging from Hurricane Katrina to the global economic crisis have taught businesspeople an unforgettable lesson: if you don't plan for 'extreme risk,' you endanger your organization's very survival. But how can you plan for events that go far beyond anything that occurs in normal day-to-day business? In Learning from Catastrophes, two renowned experts present the first comprehensive strategic framework for assessing, responding to, and managing extreme risk. Howard Kunreuther and Michael Useem build on their own breakthrough work on mitigating natural disasters, extending it to the challenges faced by real-world enterprises. Along with the contributions of leading experts in risk management, heuristics, and disaster recovery, they identify the behavioral biases and faulty heuristics that mislead decision makers about the likelihood of catastrophe. They go on to identify the hidden links associated with extreme risks, and present techniques for systematically building greater resilience into the organization. The global best-seller The Black Swan told executives that 'once in a lifetime' events are far more common and dangerous than they ever realized. Learning from Catastrophe shows them exactly what to do about it.
Learning from Communicators in Social Change: Rethinking the Power of Development (Communication, Culture and Change in Asia #7)
by Jan ServaesThis book presents the perspectives of some of the main players, both academics and professionals, in communication for sustainable development and social change so as to provide valuable lessons for future generations of change agents. It places emphasis on both the theoretical foundation and practical applications and ethical concerns in communication for development and social change. Most of the available historical accounts in development communications make a distinction between the modernization paradigm, the dependency paradigm and the multiplicity or participatory paradigm. These historical accounts have been dominated by framing developments within these paradigms, as the logical offspring of the Western drive to develop the world after colonization and the Second World War. The subsequent collapse of the Soviet Union in the late eighties, together with the rise of the U.S. as the only remaining ‘superpower,’ the emergence of the European Union and China, the gradual coming to the fore of regional powers, such as the BRICS countries, and the recent meltdown of the world financial system has rendered disastrous consequences for people everywhere. This book responds to these changes and challenges in presenting a rethinking of the “power” of development, and consequently the place and role of communication in it. It is aimed at both emerging research students, policymakers and social research practitioners who are interested in the history of communication for development and social change and the role and place of mayor players in it. This is most applicable to the political and educational sector, as well as scholars of history, social work, and human rights. The book will provide valuable insights for beginners in these fields who are not yet familiar with the increasingly important and emerging field of global social change.
Learning From Comparative Public Policy: A Practical Guide
by Richard RoseThis textbook offers a fresh approach to the study of comparative politics and public policy. Instead of concentrating on why countries differ, Learning From Comparative Public Policy explores how countries can learn from each other about the success and failure of policy initiatives. With its theory and practise focus, the lively narrative analyzes the cultural and resources problems involved in importing policies, and the roles of institutions, regulators, think tanks and experts.In addition to explaining the key tenets of policy analysis, the internationally renowned author offers a wide variety of international case studies and useful boxes to highlight examples. Invaluable reading for students of public policy, for policy makers and practioners working in the public sector, it includes:* learning from comparison* defining a problem and creating awareness* where to look for lessons* applying the policy model* the problems of importing models* using terms to evaluate future consequences.
Learning from Experience
by George P. ShultzGeorge P. Shultz recounts a lifetime of experiences in government, business, and academia and describes how those experiences have shaped the way he thinks about the world. In his plainspoken manner, he provides the reader with keys to understanding how he helped bring the nuclear disarmament movement into the mainstream of American policy discussions, why he urges his Republican Party colleagues to adopt measures to address climate change as an insurance policy for the future, why leaders must learn to govern over diversity, and more. Far more than a simple biography, Learning from Experience makes a unique contribution to political, social, and economic thought, offering the author's reflections on experiences that have influenced his worldview. Ranging far beyond the realm of diplomacy, Shultz's account illuminates America's race relations, defines a down-to-earth economic philosophy built on free markets and fair treatment of labor, and identifies the strengths and weaknesses of presidential leadership as observed during his government service, including four cabinet posts, in the Eisenhower, Nixon, and Reagan administrations.
Learning from Loss: The Democrats, 2016–2020
by Seth MasketThe Democrats' decision to nominate Joe Biden for 2020 was hardly a fluke but rather a strategic choice by a party that had elevated electability above all other concerns. In Learning from Loss, one of the nation's leading political analysts offers unique insight into the Democratic Party at a moment of uncertainty. Between 2017 and 2020, Seth Masket spoke with Democratic Party activists and followed the behavior of party leaders and donors to learn how the party was interpreting the 2016 election and thinking about a nominee for 2020. Masket traces the persistence of party factions and shows how interpretations of 2016 shaped strategic choices for 2020. Although diverse narratives emerged to explain defeat in 2016 - ranging from a focus on 'identity politics' to concerns about Clinton as a flawed candidate - these narratives collectively cleared the path for Biden.
Learning from Megadisasters
by Mikio Ishiwatari Federica RanghieriWhile not all natural disasters can be avoided, their impact on a population can be mitigated through effective planning and preparedness. These are the lessons to be learned from Japan's own megadisaster: the Great East Japan Earthquake of 2011, the fi rst disaster ever recorded that included an earthquake, a tsunami, a nuclear power plant accident, a power supply failure, and a large-scale disruption of supply chains. It is a sad fact that poor communities are often hardest hit and take the longest to recover from disaster. Disaster risk management (DRM) should therefore be taken into account as a major development challenge, and countries must shift from a tradition of response to a culture of prevention and resilience. Learning from Megadisasters: Lessons from the Great East Japan Earthquake consolidates a set of 36 Knowledge Notes, research results of a joint study undertaken by the Government of Japan and the World Bank. These notes highlight key lessons learned in seven DRM thematic clusters--structural measures; nonstructural measures; emergency response; reconstruction planning; hazard and risk information and decision making; the economics of disaster risk, risk management, and risk fi nancing; and recovery and relocation. Aimed at sharing Japanese cutting-edge knowledge with practitioners and decision makers, this book provides valuable guidance to other disaster-prone countries for mainstreaming DRM in their development policies and weathering their own natural disasters.
Learning from Other Countries: The Cross-National Dimension in Urban Policy Making
by Ian Masser and Richard WilliamsLooking at the lessons we can learn from international research in urban and regional planning, this book explores the challenges in using cross-country studies. The contributors address how to approach researching planning in other countries, and how to then diffuse the planning information. Key topics include: comparable urban data, and how to use it working with international agencies methodological issues in cross-country research translating theory into practice Case studies include researching new towns in France and Poland, and problems doing empirical work in Eastern Europe.
Learning from Shanghai: Lessons on Achieving Educational Success (Education in the Asia-Pacific Region: Issues, Concerns and Prospects #21)
by Charlene TanThe Shanghai school system has attracted worldwide attention since its impressive performance in the International Programme for Student Assessment (PISA) in 2009. The system ranks as a 'stunning success' according to standards of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). Shanghai also stands out for having the world's highest percentage of 'resilient students' - students from socio-economically disadvantaged backgrounds who emerge as top performers. Learning From Shanghai: Lessons on Educational Success offers a close-up view of the people and the policies that have achieved such world-class performance. Based on research and personal observation gathered during the author's recent field work with school principals, teachers and students, this book explores the factors that explain Shanghai's exceptional success in education. The approach combines high standards of scholarly research and analysis with the author's unique personal insights, as evidenced by chapters entitled Education is Filling a Bucket and Lighting a Fire and Tiger Mothers, Dragon Children. Drawing on her experience as an education professional and a teacher of teachers, Charlene Tan thoroughly examines and analyzes the people, the policies and the practices that distinguish Shanghai educators. The contents include comprehensive details on the Shanghai approach to quality education, from discussion of the balance between centralization and decentralization, to school autonomy and accountability, to testing policy and professional development for teachers. The book includes detailed tables on curriculum and school performance targets, sample appraisal forms for teachers and students, and dozens of photographs. The author is an Associate Professor at the National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.
Learning from Somalia: The Lessons of Armed Humanitarian Intervention
by Walter S Clarke<p>The U.S.-led intervention in Somalia that began in December 1992 is the most significant instance to date of “peacemaking” by the international community. The heady promise of Operation Restore Hope and the subsequent disappointments have had a resounding impact on the policies of Western governments and the UN as they have tried to cope with humanitarian emergencies in Rwanda, Bosnia, and elsewhere. However, it is questionable how correct the lessons so quickly derived from the Somalia experience actually were. At the same time, many important organizational and operational innovations during the Somalia exercise have not received sufficient attention. Learning from Somalia is therefore critical if the international community is to respond better to tragedies that threaten millions of human lives. <p>Contributors to this book, many of whom are policymakers who were either in Mogadishu or Washington during the relief missions, examine the intervention in Somalia and draw lessons for future peacekeeping operations. They analyze many aspects of peacemaking that are not well understood, including efforts to rebuild the police force, the dynamics of the economy, the relationship between the military and nongovernmental organizations, and the performance of European armies. The book also discusses international politics surrounding the crisis, especially the relationship between the United States and the UN and the legal justifications for intervention. The concluding chapters discuss the prospects for intervention efforts in light of the Somalia experience.
Learning from the Cold War
by Jonathan StevensonAn ingenious look at the Cold War?and how it can help America move forward Adding a fresh perspective to the debate about America?s options in the ?war on terror,? this lucid retrospective by one of the most admired voices in the national security arena answers an important and largely ignored question: How can the brilliance and energy of the great Cold War thinkers be recaptured and applied to the strategic challenges posed by transnational terrorism? In recounting the failures and successes of American strategists during the Cold War, Jonathan Stevenson synthesizes a massive amount of information from past and present to remind us that protecting the United States today will take more than good intelligence?it will also require exceptional imagination.
Learning from the Cold War
by Jonathan StevensonAn ingenious look at the Cold War?and how it can help America move forward Adding a fresh perspective to the debate about America?s options in the ?war on terror,? this lucid retrospective by one of the most admired voices in the national security arena answers an important and largely ignored question: How can the brilliance and energy of the great Cold War thinkers be recaptured and applied to the strategic challenges posed by transnational terrorism? In recounting the failures and successes of American strategists during the Cold War, Jonathan Stevenson synthesizes a massive amount of information from past and present to remind us that protecting the United States today will take more than good intelligence?it will also require exceptional imagination.
Learning from the EU Constitutional Treaty: Democratic Constitutionalization beyond the Nation-State (Routledge Advances in European Politics)
by Ben CrumThe negative results of referenda on the European Union (EU) Constitutional Treaty in France and the Netherlands, and subsequent low-key adoption of the Treaty of Lisbon raise complex questions about the possible democratization of international organisations. This book provides a full analysis of the EU Constitutional Treaty process, grounded in broader political theoretical debates about democratic constitutionalisation and globalization. As international organizations become permanent systems of governance that directly interfere in individuals’ lives, it is not enough to have them legitimated by the consent of governments alone. This book presents an evaluation of the present EU Treaty of Lisbon in comparison with the original EU Constitutional Treaty, and analyses the importance of consent of the people, asking if saving the treaty came at the cost of democracy. Drawing first-hand on the European Convention and the referendum in the Netherlands, this book outlines an original political theory of democratic constitutionalisation beyond the nation-state, and argues that international organizations can be put on democratic foundations, but only by properly engaging national political structures. Learning from the EU Constitutional Treaty will be of interest to students and scholars of European Union politics, history and policy.
Learning from the Experts: Teacher Leaders on Solving America's Education Challenges
by Celine Coggins, Heather G. Peske, and Kate McGovernLearning from the Experts offers an intimate look at the ways education policies collide with everyday classroom practices and illustrates how thoughtful, solutions-oriented and results-driven teachers are reframing debates in education today. Early career teachers now make up a &“new majority&” (52 percent) of the workforce. Their ideas about the profession are often radically different from the previous generation&’s but are not often heard in education reform. Learning from the Experts draws on the work of the nonprofit organization Teach Plus to address this divide. In this lively collection, emerging teacher leaders in dialogue with seasoned leaders weigh in on the most difficult challenges in education today. Topics include the appropriate use of data, teacher effectiveness, retaining talented teachers in high-needs schools, reforming teacher unions, supporting teacher leadership, and strengthening the teaching profession itself.
Learning from the Experts: Teacher Leaders on Solving America's Education Challenges
by Heather G. Peske Kate Mcgovern Celine Coggins"Securing a world-class education for our students demands the contribution of a world-class teaching force. This volume contributes to this goal. Learning from the Experts captures the insights and ingenuity of our best and brightest teachers. The essays presented in these pages bolster my conviction that teachers can be architects of a stronger educational future."--Mitchell D. Chester, commissioner of elementary and secondary education, Massachusetts"Learning from the Experts should be required reading for policy makers, school officials, and would-be reformers who imagine that they can save public education. Our schools will be in good hands if teachers like these inspire more teachers like these to speak out and step up."--Susan Moore Johnson, Jerome T. Murphy Professor of Education, and director, The Project on the Next Generation of Teachers, Harvard Graduate School of Education"This book highlights the lessons we can learn from our very own teachers in the realm of best policy and practice. In doing so, it elevates the status of teaching as a profession. Learning from the Experts is a celebration of collaboration for the betterment of teachers and the students they serve."--John E. Deasy, superintendent, Los Angeles Unified School DistrictIn Learning from the Experts, emerging teacher leaders--in dialogue with seasoned leaders--offer an intimate look at the ways education policies collide with everyday classroom practices. This lively collection of essays illustrates how thoughtful, solutions-oriented and results-driven teachers are reframing debates in education today.
Learning from the Japanese: Japan's Pre-war Development and the Third World (Japan In The Modern World Ser.)
by E. Wayne NafzigerWith the collapse of the Soviet economy in the early 1990s, Japan has become the major non-Western model for late developing countries. This book looks at Japan's early economic modernisation to see if today's low-income countries can learn any lessons.
Learning from the Japanese City: Looking East in Urban Design (Planning, History and Environment Series)
by Barrie SheltonJapanese cities are amongst the most intriguing and confounding anywhere. Their structures, patterns of building and broader visual characteristics defy conventional urban design theories, and the book explores why this is so. Like its cities, Japan’s written language is recognized as one of the most complicated, and the book is unique in revealing how the two are closely related. Set perceptively against a sweep of ideas drawn from history, geography, science, cultural and design theory, Learning from the Japanese City is a highly original exploration of contemporary urbanism that crosses disciplines, scales, time and space. This is a thoroughly revised and much extended version of a book that drew extensive praise in its first edition. Most parts have stood the test of time and remain. A few are replaced or removed; about a hundred figures appear for the first time. Most important is an entirely new (sixth) section. This brings together many of the urban characteristics, otherwise encountered in fragments through the book, in one walkable district of what is arguably Japan’s most convenient metropolis, Nagoya. The interplay between culture, built form and cities remains at the heart of this highly readable book, while a change in subtitle to Looking East in Urban Design reflects increased emphasis on real places and design implications.
Learning from the South Korean Developmental Success
by Ilcheong Yi Thandika MkandawireThis analysis of South Korea's development experience can present lessons for development in the 21st century. Situating the development experience of South Korea within the framework of the capability enhancing state, this volume examines the empowering institutions and policies of South Korea between 1945 and 2000.