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A Century of Genocide: Utopias of Race and Nation - Updated Edition
by Eric D. WeitzWhy did the twentieth century witness unprecedented organized genocide? Can we learn why genocide is perpetrated by comparing different cases of genocide? Is the Holocaust unique, or does it share causes and features with other cases of state-sponsored mass murder? Can genocide be prevented?Blending gripping narrative with trenchant analysis, Eric Weitz investigates four of the twentieth century's major eruptions of genocide: the Soviet Union under Stalin, Nazi Germany, Cambodia under the Khmer Rouge, and the former Yugoslavia. Drawing on historical sources as well as trial records, memoirs, novels, and poems, Weitz explains the prevalence of genocide in the twentieth century--and shows how and why it became so systematic and deadly.Weitz depicts the searing brutality of each genocide and traces its origins back to those most powerful categories of the modern world: race and nation. He demonstrates how, in each of the cases, a strong state pursuing utopia promoted a particular mix of extreme national and racial ideologies. In moments of intense crisis, these states targeted certain national and racial groups, believing that only the annihilation of these "enemies" would enable the dominant group to flourish. And in each instance, large segments of the population were enticed to join in the often ritualistic actions that destroyed their neighbors.This book offers some of the most absorbing accounts ever written of the population purges forever associated with the names Stalin, Hitler, Pol Pot, and Milosevic. A controversial and richly textured comparison of these four modern cases, it identifies the social and political forces that produce genocide.
A Century of Global Economic Crises: Monetary Policy in Search of An Anchor
by Lúcio Vinhas de SouzaThis book explores the end of the era of low inflation and stable price increases, known as “The Great Moderation”, and the impact this will have on monetary policy. The macroeconomic trends and economic policy issues observed within developed countries over the last 70 years are linked with the economic theory debates of the time to highlight how the current economic challenges came about. The limitations of past economic policies are highlighted to help create a new policy framework for an era defined by high inflation, low economic growth, large budget deficits, and increased private sector debt.This book presents a new understanding of monetary policy that engages with the changing behaviour of economic agents. It will be relevant to researchers and policymakers interested in monetary policy and the political economy.
A Century of Juvenile Justice
by Margaret K. Rosenheim Bernardine Dohrn David S. Tanenhaus Franklin E. ZimringSince its inception in Illinois in 1899, the juvenile court has become a remarkable legal and social institution all over the developed world, one that plays a singular role in modern government. At its founding, the juvenile court was intended to reverse longstanding legal traditions, and place the child's interests first in areas of law ranging from dependency to delinquency. Yet in recent years legal responses to youths' offenses have undergone striking changes, as more juveniles are being transferred to adult courts and serving adult sentences. A Century of Juvenile Justice is the first standard, comprehensive and comparative reference work to span the history and current state of juvenile justice. An extraordinary assemblage of leading authorities have produced a accessible, illustrated document, designed as a reference for everyone from probation personnel and police to students, educators, lawyers, and social workers. Editors' introductions place into context each of the book's five sections, which consider the history of the ideas around which the system was organized and the institutions and practices that resulted; the ways in which this set of institutions and practices interacts with other aspects of government policy toward children in the U.S. and in other nations; and also the ways in which changing social and legal meanings of childhood and youth have continued to influence juvenile justice. The doctrine and institutions of juvenile justice in Europe, Japan, England, and Scotland are profiled in depth to show the range of modern responses to youth crime and child endangerment. This comparative material provides a fresh basis for judging the direction of policy in the U.S.
A Century of Labour
by Jon CruddasBritain’s first Labour government took office on 22 January 1924. Its centenary provides an opportunity to reassess the party's performance over the last 100 years, and with an election pending, the character and purpose of the modern party. Labour defined the dominant political settlement of much of the Twentieth Century: the welfare state. It has achieved much in pursuit of material change, social reform and equality. It has challenged patriarchy, racism and the legacy of imperialism, promoted human rights and delivered democratic and constitutional renewal. Yet any honest assessment must acknowledge a century littered with failures and missed opportunities. In this compelling book, Jon Cruddas, one of the country's foremost experts on Labour politics, details the vivid personalities and epic factional battles, the immense achievements and profound disappointments that define a century of Labour. Uniquely framed around competing visions of socialist justice within the Party, he provides a way to rethink Labour history, the divisions and factions on the left and to reassess key figures at the helm of the movement from Keir Hardie through to Keir Starmer.
A Century of Protests: Peasant Politics in Assam Since 1900
by Arupjyoti SaikiaAddressing an important gap in the historiography of modern Assam, this book traces the relatively unexplored but profound transformations in the agrarian landscape of late- and post-colonial Assam that were instrumental in the making of modern Assamese peasantry and rural politics. It discusses the changing relations between various sections of peasantry, state, landed gentry, and politics of different ideological hues — nationalist, communist and socialist — and shows how a primarily agrarian question concerning peasantry came to occupy the centre stage in the nationalist politics of the state. It will especially interest scholars of history, agrarian and peasant studies, sociology, and contemporary politics, as also those concerned with Northeast India.
A Century of Revolution: Insurgent and Counterinsurgent Violence During Latin America's Long Cold War
by Greg Grandin Gilbert M. JosephLatin America experienced an epochal cycle of revolutionary upheavals and insurgencies during the twentieth century, from the Mexican Revolution of 1910 through the mobilizations and terror in Central America, the Southern Cone, and the Andes during the 1970s and 1980s. In his introduction to A Century of Revolution, Greg Grandin argues that the dynamics of political violence and terror in Latin America are so recognizable in their enforcement of domination, their generation and maintenance of social exclusion, and their propulsion of historical change, that historians have tended to take them for granted, leaving unexamined important questions regarding their form and meaning. The essays in this groundbreaking collection take up these questions, providing a sociologically and historically nuanced view of the ideological hardening and accelerated polarization that marked Latin America's twentieth century. Attentive to the interplay among overlapping local, regional, national, and international fields of power, the contributors focus on the dialectical relations between revolutionary and counterrevolutionary processes and their unfolding in the context of U. S. hemispheric and global hegemony. Through their fine-grained analyses of events in Chile, Colombia, Cuba, El Salvador, Guatemala, Mexico, Nicaragua, and Peru, they suggest a framework for interpreting the experiential nature of political violence while also analyzing its historical causes and consequences. In so doing, they set a new agenda for the study of revolutionary change and political violence in twentieth-century Latin America. Contributors Michelle Chase Jeffrey L. Gould Greg Grandin Lillian Guerra Forrest Hylton Gilbert M. Joseph Friedrich Katz Thomas Miller Klubock Neil Larsen Arno J. Mayer Carlota McAllister Jocelyn Olcott Gerardo Rnique Corey Robin Peter Winn
A Century of Royalty
by Edward WestOver the last century Britain has witnessed a royal family saga compelling, tumultuous and heartwarming. The constitution has been thrown into crisis by an abdication, royal divorces have become commonplace, coronations and jubilees have brought the nation together - and though Princess Diana's death precipitated perhaps the most serious turn in public opinion yet, the Windsors' place in our hearts was confirmed beyond any doubt by Elizabeth II'sDiamond Jubilee and the birth of the Duke and Duchess of Cambridge's son, Prince George. With full-page illustrations from the Daily Mirror's archives and illuminating explanatory text, this book is a unique look at one hundred years of royalty in Britain. The British Royal Family: beloved worldwide, poised and gracious, and above all resilient. With striking images from the Daily Mirror's famous archive and expert text from Ed West, A Century of Royalty looks from unexpected angles at these fascinating lives, controversies and traditions, from Edward VII's coronation to the birth of Prince George in 2013.
A Century of Sovereign Ratings
by Norbert GaillardThe financial difficulties experienced by Greece since 2009 serve as a reminder that countries (i.e., sovereigns) may default on their debt. Many observers considered the financial turmoil was behind us because major advanced countries had adopted stimulus packages to prevent banks from going bankrupt. However, there are rising doubts about the creditworthiness of several advanced countries that participated in the bailouts. In this uncertain context, it is particularly crucial to be knowledgeable about sovereign ratings. This book provides the necessary broad overview, which will be of interest to both economists and investors alike. Chapter 1 presents the main issues that are addressed in this book. Chapters 2, 3, and 4 provide the key notions to understand sovereign ratings. Chapter 2 presents an overview of sovereign rating activity since the first such ratings were assigned in 1918. Chapter 3 analyzes the meaning of sovereign ratings and the significance of rating scales; it also describes the refinement of credit rating policies and tools. Chapter 4 focuses on the sovereign rating process. Chapters 5 and 6 open the black box of sovereign ratings. Chapter 5 compares sovereign rating methodologies in the interwar years with those in the modern era. After examining how rating agencies have amended their methodologies since the 1990s, Chapter 6 scrutinizes rating disagreements between credit rating agencies (CRAs). Chapters 7 and 8 measure the performances of sovereign ratings by computing default rates and accuracy ratios: Chapter 7 looks at the interwar years and Chapter 8 at the modern era. The two chapters assess which CRA assigns the most accurate ratings during the respective periods. Chapters 9 and 10 compare the perception of sovereign risk by the CRAs and market participants. Chapter 9 focuses on the relation between JP Morgan Emerging Markets Bond Index Global spreads and emerging countries' sovereign ratings for the period 1993-2007. Chapter 10 compares the eurozone members' sovereign ratings with Credit Default Swap-Implied Ratings (CDS-IRs) during the Greek debt crisis of November 2009-May 2010.
A Century of State-Making in Iraq: Baghdad, Kurdistan, and the Development of the Constitution
by Marianna Charountaki James R. Moore Liam AndersonAs an interdisciplinary publication, this book will have a strong international appeal to those across the Middle East who are interested in the complex issues of state-building, democratic transitions and federalism. It will also appeal to the many scholars in North America and Europe engaged in the study of these questions. The search for just and stable constitutional arrangements has been a central feature of political debates in the region and, since the Arab Uprisings, political scientists around the world have focused their attention on changes in the region. Iraq is a fascinating case study of a state that emerged from the mandate system with political institutions derived from Western political ideas, but one where the application of those ideas reflected the historical circumstances and social realities of fragmented community life. Iraq’s political and constitutional problems have been fiercely debated since the Iraq war of 2003, with stuttering attempts to create a new constitutional settlement for Iraq. This book seeks to place these debates in their wider historical and socio-political context and demonstrate how contemporary problems are rooted in Iraq’s political system, state-building processes and unique constitutional past. The volume examines different aspects of Iraq’s struggle to create a coherent state identity through political institutions that can accommodate diversity. This is a topical work with extensive primary-source-based empirical research, alongside the conceptual and theoretical insights offered. Its different approach will be valuable to a variety of audiences, ranging from scholars and students of international politics/relations and law, diplomatic history, and the Middle East, to policymakers and, indeed, beyond to a broader audience of informed non-specialist readers.
A Century of Votes for Women: American Elections Since Suffrage
by J. Kevin Corder Christina WolbrechtHow have American women voted in the first 100 years since the ratification of the Nineteenth Amendment? How have popular understandings of women as voters both persisted and changed over time? In A Century of Votes for Women, Christina Wolbrecht and J. Kevin Corder offer an unprecedented account of women voters in American politics over the last ten decades. Bringing together new and existing data, the book provides unique insight into women's (and men's) voting behavior and traces how women's turnout and vote choice evolved across a century of enormous transformation overall and for women in particular. Wolbrecht and Corder show that there is no such thing as 'the woman voter'; instead they reveal considerable variation in how different groups of women voted in response to changing political, social, and economic realities. The book also demonstrates how assumptions about women as voters influenced politicians, the press, and scholars.
A Certain Idea of America: Selected Writings
by Peggy NoonanFrom Pulitzer-prize winning Wall Street Journal columnist and New York Times bestselling author Peggy Noonan, a masterclass in how to see and love America. For a quarter century, Peggy Noonan has been thinking aloud about America in her much-loved Wall Street Journal column. In this new collection of her essential recent work, Noonan demonstrates the erudition, wisdom and humor that have made her one of America’s most admired writers. She calls balls and strikes on the political shenanigans of recent leaders and she honors the integrity of great Americans, ranging from Billy Graham to the heroes of 9/11. A thinker who never allows her tenderness to slip into sentimentality, she writes with clear-eyed urgency about the internal and external dangers facing our republic. She sometimes writes with indignation, but above all she writes with love— and an enduring faith that America can be its best self, that its ideals are worth protecting, and that beauty and heroism can be found in our neighbors, in our history, and in ourselves. This book is a celebration of what America has been, is, and can be. <br><b>New York Times Bestseller</b></br>
A Certain Justice: Toward an Ecology of the Chinese Legal Imagination
by Haiyan LeeA much-needed account of the hierarchy of justice that defines China’s unique political-legal culture. To many outsiders, China has an image as a realm of Oriental despotism where law is at best window dressing and at worst an instrument of coercion and tyranny. In this highly original contribution to the interdisciplinary field of law and humanities, Haiyan Lee contends that this image arises from a skewed understanding of China’s political-legal culture, particularly the failure to distinguish what she calls high justice and low justice. In the Chinese legal imagination, Lee shows, justice is a vertical concept, with low justice between individuals firmly subordinated to the high justice of the state. China’s political-legal culture is marked by a mistrust of law’s powers, and as a result, it privileges substantive over procedural justice. Calling on a wide array of narratives—stories of crime and punishment, subterfuge and exposé, guilt and redemption—A Certain Justice helps us recognize the fight for justice outside the familiar arenas of liberal democracy and the rule of law.
A Chance to Make History: What Works and What Doesn't in Providing an Excellent Education for All
by Wendy KoppOn Teach For AmericaOCOs twentieth anniversary, its founder offers an inspiring summation of the lessons learned: The achievement gap can be closed, and thereOCOs nothing elusive about what it will take
A Changed Man: A Novel
by Francine Prose“Francine Prose has a knack for getting to the heart of human nature. . . . We are allowed to enter the moral dilemmas of fascinating characters whose emotional lives are strung out by the same human frailties, secrets and insecurities we all share.” —USA TodayOne spring afternoon, Vincent Nolan, a young neo-Nazi walks into the office of a human rights foundation headed by Meyer Maslow, a charismatic Holocaust survivor. Vincent announces that he wants to make a radical change. But what is Maslow to make of this rough-looking stranger with Waffen SS tattoos who says that his mission is to save guys like him from becoming guys like him? As Vincent gradually turns into the sort of person who might actually be able to do that, he also begins to transform everyone around him, including Maslow himself. Masterfully plotted, darkly comic, A Changed Man poses essential questions about human nature, morality, and the capacity for change, illuminating the everyday transactions, both political and personal, in our lives.
A Charge Kept: The Record of the Bush Presidency 2001–2009
by Marc A. ThiessenWe have served America through one of the most consequential periods of our history... President George W. Bush, 2006 State of the Union,
A Charmed Life: Growing Up in Macbeth's Castle
by Liza CampbellIn this “poignant” and “lovely” memoir, an earl’s daughter describes growing up in legendary Scottish castle with her dysfunctional family (Entertainment Weekly).We grew up with the same parents in the same castle, but in many ways we each had a moat around us. Sometimes when visitors came they would say, “You are such lucky children; it’s a fairytale life you live.” And I knew they were right, it was a fairytale upbringing. But fairy tales are dark and I had no way of telling either a stranger or a friend what was going on; the abnormal became ordinary.Liza Campbell was the last child to be born at the renowned Cawdor Castle, the family seat of the Campbells and one of the settings featured in Shakespeare’s Macbeth. Liza’s father Hugh, the twenty-fifth Thane, inherited dashing good looks, brains, immense wealth, a revered title, three stately homes, and 100,000 acres of land. A Charmed Life is the story of Liza’s idyllic childhood with her four siblings in Wales in the 1960s, until Hugh inherited Cawdor Castle and moved his family up to the Scottish Highlands. It was at the historical ancestral home that the fairy tale began to resemble a nightmare.Overwhelmed by his responsibilities, Hugh tipped into madness fueled by drink, drugs, and extramarital affairs. Over the years, the castle was transformed into an arena of reckless extravagance and domestic violence, leading to the termination of a legacy that had been passed down through the family for six hundred years.“As a prose stylist, Liza is comparable to Nancy Astor: wry, deadpan, whimsical.” —The Sunday Telegraph (UK)“Superbly written.” —Harper’s Bazaar
A Charming Princess Collection
by Raina MooreSleeping Beauty, Cinderella, and Rapunzel are but a few of the young noblewomen chronicled in A Charming Princes Collection. This delightful treasury of happily-ever-afters is sure to awaken the princess inside us all!
A Child Called "It": One Child's Courage to Survive
by Dave Pelzer<P>"Dave Pelzer's child experience is a testimony to the triumph of the human spirit. This book vividly articulates the abuse he suffered at the hands of his mother and the unbelievable apathy of others to his plight. Pelzer's courage and determination will go a long way in helping the millions of children in America who, too often, suffer every day in silence." <P>Mark Riley Child Welfare League of America <P>"Everything began to point to one thing: this kid was being beaten and punished far beyond normal parental practice." <P>Steven E. Ziegler, Teacher <P>Daly City, California <P>The subtitle for some editions is One Child's Courage to Survive." Pelzer tells his story with contempt or bitterness despite his parents' repeated attempts to murder him.
A Child Upon the Throne: A Medieval Romance (The Knights of England Series #4)
by Mary Ellen JohnsonAs a Kingdom Trembles With Revolt, a Knight and His Lady Must Choose Between Duty and Love in the Medieval Historical Romance, A Child Upon the Throne, by Mary Ellen Johnson--Medieval England following the death of Edward III in 1377 through the Peasants’ Revolt of 1381--With a child king upon the throne and England’s lucrative martial victories a faded memory, Knight Matthew Hart wants only to reunite with his long-time lover, Margery Watson, and their son, to live out his days far away from the royal court.But Margery's loyalties are torn. To settle down with the knight she’s loved since childhood or commit treason and side with the commoners overburdened with servitude and taxes.When revolt sparks among the masses, thousands march on London, vowing to overthrow all those in power.Now Margery must choose between her place in society with a knight she loves and her true beliefs about freedom, justice and equality.From the Publisher: Readers with a passion for history will appreciate the author's penchant for detail and accuracy. In keeping with being authentic to the era, this story contains scenes of brutality which are true to the time and man's inhumanity. There are a limited number of sexual scenes and NO use of modern vulgarity. Fans of Elizabeth Chadwick, Bernard Cornwell and Philippa Gregory as well as Tamara Leigh and Suzan Tisdale will not want to miss this series."Author Mary Ellen Johnson strides through history with the reader in the front seat." ~Karen Lausa". . . it challenged my intellect as well as my heart." ~Margaret Watkins, eBook Discovery ReviewerFrom the Author: When crafting a story, I am ever mindful of the parallels between the past and present. Endless wars, indifferent rulers, rising taxes, and corruption, all of which inevitably resulted in a bloody insurrection. An insurrection that, while unsuccessful in the short term, was even referenced by our Founding Fathers during their struggle for freedom. As William Faulkner said, “The past isn’t dead; it’s not even past,” so a knowledge of history is imperative.THE KNIGHTS OF ENGLAND, in series orderThe Lion and the LeopardA Knight There WasWithin A Forest DarkA Child Upon The ThroneLords Among the Ruins
A Chill in the Air: An Italian War Diary, 1939-1940
by Lucy Hughes-Hallett Iris Origo Katia LysyIn 1939 it was not a foregone conclusion that Mussolini would enter World War II on the side of Hitler. In this previously unpublished and only recently discovered diary, Iris Origo, author of the classic War in Val d’Orcia, provides a vivid account of how Mussolini decided on a course of action that would devastate his country and ultimately destroy his regime. Though the British-born Origo lived with her Italian husband on an estate in a remote part of Tuscany, she was supremely well-connected and regularly in touch with intellectual and diplomatic circles in Rome, where her godfather, William Phillips, was the American ambassador. Her diary describes the Fascist government’s growing infatuation with Nazi Germany as Hitler’s armies marched triumphantly across Europe and the campaign of propaganda and intimidation that was mounted in support of its new aims. The book ends with the birth of Origo’s daughter and Origo’s decision to go to Rome to work with prisoners of war at the Italian Red Cross. Together with War in Val d’Orcia, A Chill in the Air offers an indispensable record of Italy at war as well as a thrilling story of a formidable woman’s transformation from observer to actor at a great historical turning point.
A Chinese Bureaucracy for Innovation-Driven Development? (Elements in the Politics of Development)
by Tobias ten Brink Alexandre De GomesThis Element scrutinizes the attempts by the Chinese party-state bureaucracy since the 2000s to advance innovation and technological upgrading. It examines insights from the developmental state debate-the need for a bureaucracy to achieve internal coherence, and the capacity of that bureaucracy both to forge coalitions between bureaucrats, businessmen, and scientists, and to discipline domestic companies. Moreover, it assesses efforts to foster technological upgrading in semiconductors and electric vehicles. While there are significant differences between China and earlier successful developmental states, with the former facing problems such as the legacies of short-termism, limited monitoring capabilities, and flawed discipline over business, the authors find that, compared with other emerging capitalist economies, the Chinese bureaucracy has developed relatively strong capabilities to advance 'innovation-driven development'. This Element seeks to provide avenues for comparing it with other late developers.
A Chinese Jesuit Catechism: Giulio Aleni’s Four Character Classic 四字經文 (Christianity in Modern China)
by Anthony E. ClarkThis book is the first scholarly study of the famous Jesuit Chinese children’s primer, the Four Character Classic, written by Giulio Aleni (1582–1649) while living in Fujian, China. This book also includes masterful translations of both Wang Yinglin’s (1551–1602) hallowed Confucian Three Character Classic and Aleni’s Chinese catechism that was published during the Qing (1644–1911). Clark’s careful reading of the Four Character Classic provides new insights into an area of the Jesuit mission in early modern China that has so far been given little attention, the education of children. This book underscores how Aleni’s published work functions as a good example of the Jesuit use of normative Chinese print culture to serve the catechetical exigencies of the Catholic mission in East Asia, particularly his meticulous imitation of Confucian children’s primers to promote decidedly Christian content.
A Chinese Theory of International Law
by Zhipeng He Lu SunThis book analyzes China’s attitude to international law based on historical experiences and documents, and provides an explanation of China’s approaches to international legal issues. It also establishes several elements for a possible framework of Chinese theory on international law.The book offers researchers, university students and practitioners valuable insights into how China views international law and why it does so in the way it does.
A Choice Not an Echo: Updated and Expanded 50th Anniversary Edition
by Ron Paul Phyllis SchlaflyOver 3 Million Copies Sold!Celebrate 50 years since the release of Phyllis Schlafly's monumental A Choice Not an Echo, the book that launched the conservative resurgence of the late 20th century. This special updated and expanded edition contains 50 percent new material placing the book in its historical context and applying the book's lessons to the issues of today.
A Choice of Enemies: America Confronts the Middle East
by Lawrence FreedmanIt is in the Middle East that the U. S. has been made to confront its attitudes on the use of force, the role of allies, and international law. The history of the U. S. in the Middle East, then, becomes an especially revealing mirror on America's view of its role in the wider world. In this wise, objective, and illuminating history, Lawrence Freedman shows how three key events in 1978-79 helped establish the foundations for U. S. involvement in the Middle East that would last for thirty years, without offering any straightforward or bloodless exit options: the Camp David summit leading to the Israel-Egypt Treaty; the Iranian Islamic revolution leading to the Shah's departure followed by the hostage crisis; and the socialist revolution in Afghanistan, resulting in the doomed Soviet intervention. Freedman makes clear how America's strategic choices in those and subsequent crises led us to where we are today. A Choice of Enemies is essential reading for anyone concerned with the complex politics of the region or with the future of American foreign policy.