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Nazism, The Jews and American Zionism, 1933-1948
by Aaron BermanAaron Berman takes a moderate and measured approach to one of the most emotional issues in American Jewish historiography, namely, the response of American Jews to Nazism and the extermination of European Jewry. <P><P> In remarkably large numbers, American Jews joined the Zionist crusade to create a Jewish state that would finally end the problem of Jewish homelessness, which they believed was the basic cause not only of the Holocaust but of all anti-Semitism. Though American Zionists could justly claim credit for the successful establishment of Israel in 1948, this triumph was not without cost. Their insistence on including a demand for Jewish statehood in any proposal to aid European Jewry politicized the rescue issue and made it impossible to appeal for American aid on purely humanitarian grounds. <P><P> The American Zionist response to Nazism also shaped the political turmoil in the Middle East which followed Israel's creation. Concerned primarily with providing a home for Jewish refugees and fearing British betrayal, Zionists could not understand Arab protests in defense of their own national interests. Instead they responded to the Arab revolt with armed force and sought to insure their own claim to Palestine. Zionists came to link the Arabs with the Nazi and British forces that were opposed to the establishment of a Jewish state. In the thinking of American Zionists, the Arabs were steadily transformed from a people with whom an accommodation would have to be made into a mortal enemy to be defeated. <P><P> Aaron Berman does not apologize for American Jews, but rather tries to understand the constraints within which they operated and what opportunities-if any-they had to respond to Hitler. In surveying the latest scholarship and responding to charges against American Jewry, Berman's arguments are reasoned and reasonable.
Nazism, the Holocaust, and the Middle East: Arab and Turkish Responses (Vermont Studies on Nazi Germany and the Holocaust #7)
by Francis R. Nicosia Boğaç A. ErgeneGiven their geographical separation from Europe, ethno-religious and cultural diversity, and subordinate status within the Nazi racial hierarchy, Middle Eastern societies were both hospitable as well as hostile to National Socialist ideology during the 1930s and 1940s. By focusing on Arab and Turkish reactions to German anti-Semitism and the persecution and mass-murder of European Jews during this period, this expansive collection surveys the institutional and popular reception of Nazism in the Middle East and North Africa. It provides nuanced and scholarly yet accessible case studies of the ways in which nationalism, Islam, anti-Semitism, and colonialism intertwined, all while sensitive to the region’s political, cultural, and religious complexities.
Near and Distant Neighbors: A New History of Soviet Intelligence
by Jonathan HaslamA revelatory and pathbreaking account of the highly secretive world of the Soviet intelligence services A uniquely comprehensive and rich account of the Soviet intelligence services, Jonathan Haslam's Near and Distant Neighbors charts the labyrinthine story of Soviet intelligence from the October Revolution to the end of the Cold War. Previous histories have focused on the KGB, leaving military intelligence and the special service—which specialized in codes and ciphers—lurking in the shadows. Drawing on previously neglected Russian sources, Haslam reveals how both were in fact crucial to the survival of the Soviet state. This was especially true after Stalin's death in 1953, as the Cold War heated up and dedicated Communist agents the regime had relied upon—Klaus Fuchs, the Rosenbergs, Donald Maclean—were betrayed. In the wake of these failures, Khrushchev and his successors discarded ideological recruitment in favor of blackmail and bribery. The tactical turn was so successful that we can draw only one conclusion: the West ultimately triumphed despite, not because of, the espionage war. In bringing to light the obscure inhabitants of an undercover intelligence world, Haslam offers a surprising and unprecedented portrayal of Soviet success that is not only fascinating but also essential to understanding Vladimir Putin's power today.
Near and Far Waters: The Geopolitics of Seapower
by Colin FlintSeapower has been a constant in world politics, a tool through which powerful countries have policed the seas for commercial advantage. Political geographer Colin Flint highlights the geography of seapower as a dynamic, continual struggle to gain control of near waters—those parts of the oceans close to a country's shoreline—and far waters—parts of the oceans beyond the horizon and that neighbor the shorelines of other countries. A forceful and clarifying challenge to conventional accounts of geopolitics, Near and Far Waters offers an accessible introduction to the combination of economic and political relations that are the reason behind, and the result of, the development of seapower to control near waters and project force into far waters. Examining the histories of three naval powers (the Netherlands, Britain, and the United States), this book distills the past and present patterns of seapower and their tendency to trigger repercussive conflict and war. Readers will gain an appreciation for how geopolitics works, the importance of seapower in economic competition, the motivations behind China's desire to become a global naval force, and the risks of current and future wars. Drawing on decades of experience, Flint urges readers to take seriously the dilemma of near/far waters as a context for an alternative understanding of global politics.
Near Dark: A Thriller (The Scot Harvath Series #19)
by Brad ThorINSTANT #1 NEW YORK TIMES AND WALL STREET JOURNAL BESTSELLER &“Fast-paced...pulse-pounding...supremely entertaining…His best ever.&” —The Washington Times &“This might be the single greatest thriller I&’ve covered....It&’s amazing!&” —The Real Book Spy Scot Harvath returns in the newest thriller from #1 New York Times bestselling author Brad Thor.The world&’s largest bounty has just been placed upon America&’s top spy. His only hope for survival is to outwit, outrun, and outlast his enemies long enough to get to the truth. But for Scot Harvath to accomplish his most dangerous mission ever—one that has already claimed the lives of the people closest to him, including his new wife—he&’s going to need help—a lot of it. Not knowing whom he can trust, Harvath finds an unlikely ally in Norwegian intelligence operative Sølvi Kolstad. Just as smart, just as deadly, and just as determined, she not only has the skills, but also the broken, troubled past to match Harvath&’s own.
The Near East since the First World War: A History to 1995 (A History of the Near East)
by Malcolm YappThis clear, balanced and authoritative survey of the history of the region is now fully up to date again. The text contains a general regional introduction, followed by a series of country-by-country analyses, and a section which places the Near East in the international context. Professor Yapp' s new edition covers recent dramatic events including the end of the Cold War, the Kuwayt Crisis of 1990/91, and the continuing conflict in Israel, as well as assessing the huge social and economic changes in the region. It will be essential reading for students and scholars concerned with modern middle eastern history and politics of the middle east.
Nearer, My God: An Autobiography of Faith
by William F. Buckley Jr.William F. Buckley, Jr., was raised a Catholic. As the world plunged into war, and as social mores changed dramatically around him, Buckley's faith -- a most essential part of his make-up -- sustained him. In highly personal terms, and with the wit and acuity for which he is justly renowned, Buckley discusses vital issues of Catholic doctrine and practice, and in so doing outlines for the reader both the nature of Catholic faith and the essential role of religious belief in everyday life.
Nearest East: American Millennialism and Mission to the Middle East
by Kieser Hans-LukasLong before oil interests shaped American interaction with the Middle East, the U. S. had a strong influence on the late Ottoman and post-Ottoman region. Covering the period from approximately 1800 to the 1970s, Hans-Lukas Kieser's compelling Nearest East tells the story of this intimate, identity-building relationship between the U. S. and the Near East. Kieser chronicles how American missionaries worked to implement their belief in Biblical millennialism, enlightened modernity, and a modern Zion-Israel. Millennialism was part of an American identity that constituted itself religiously in the interaction with and the representation of the "cradle of Zion. " As such, "going Near East" was-at least to American evangelical Protestants-in some ways more important than colonizing the American West. However, many Ottoman Muslims felt threatened by the American missionaries perceiving their successful institutions as an estranging challenge from the outside. Measuring the long twisted road from the missionary Zion-builders of the early 19th century to the privileged US-Israeli partnership in the late 20th century,Nearest East looks carefully on both sides of the relationship. Kieser uses a wide range of Ottoman, Turkish, French, German and other sources, unfamiliar to most Anglophone readers, to tell this story that will appeal to historians of all stripes.
Nearly the New World: The British West Indies and the Flight from Nazism, 1933–1945
by Joanna NewmanIn the years leading up to the Second World War, increasingly desperate European Jews looked to far-flung destinations such as Barbados, Trinidad, and Jamaica in search of refuge from the horrors of Hitler’s Europe. Nearly the New World tells the extraordinary story of Jewish refugees who overcame persecution and sought safety in the West Indies from the 1930s through the end of the war. At the same time, it gives an unsparing account of the xenophobia and bureaucratic infighting that nearly prevented their rescue—and that helped to seal the fate of countless other European Jews for whom escape was never an option.
The Necessary Deaths (The Delingpole Mysteries #1)
by David C. DawsonThe Delingpole Mysteries: Book OneA young journalism student lies unconscious in a hospital bed in Brighton, England. His life hangs in the balance after a drug overdose. But was it attempted suicide or attempted murder? The student's mother persuades British lawyer Dominic Delingpole to investigate, and Dominic enlists the aid of his outspoken opera singer partner, Jonathan McFadden. The student's boyfriend discovers compromising photographs hidden in his lover's room. The photographs not only feature senior politicians and business chiefs, but the young journalist himself. Is he being blackmailed, or is he the blackmailer? As Dominic and Jonathan investigate further, their lives are threatened and three people are murdered. They uncover a conspiracy that reaches into the highest levels of government and powerful corporations. The people behind it are ruthless, and no one can be trusted. The bond between Dominic and Jonathan deepens as they struggle not only for answers, but for their very survival.
A Necessary Engagement: Reinventing America's Relations with the Muslim World (Princeton Studies in Muslim Politics #25)
by Emile NakhlehIn A Necessary Engagement, the CIA's former point man on Islam makes a vigorous case for a renewal of American public diplomacy in the Muslim world. Offering a unique balance between in-depth analysis, personal memoir, and foreign policy remedies, the book injects much-needed wisdom into the public discussion of long-term U.S.-Muslim relations. Intelligence insider Emile Nakhleh argues that an engagement with the Muslim world benefits the national interest of the United States. Therefore, the next administration should discard the terrorism prism through which the country has viewed political Islam since 9/11 and focus instead on the common interests of America and mainstream Muslims. Nakhleh investigates recent U.S. policy toward Islamic nations and offers the new administration a ten-point plan for rebuilding America's relationship with the Muslim world. The author demonstrates that winning over Arabs and Muslims requires a thorough knowledge of Arab and Muslim cultures and languages within our intelligence community, as well as a long-term American commitment of personnel and resources. While the success of these efforts will be incremental and hard to measure, Nakhleh believes that the current low standing of the United States in most Arab and Muslim countries can be reversed. Stressing that effective public diplomacy must be a serious, coordinated effort pursued at the highest political levels, A Necessary Engagement charts a new course for future ties between the United States and the Islamic world.
Necessary Evils
by Mark FreemanThis book is about amnesties for grave international crimes that are adopted by states in moments of transition or social unrest. The subject is naturally controversial, especially in the age of the International Criminal Court. The goal of this book is to reframe and revitalize the global debate on the subject, and to offer an original framework for resolving amnesty dilemmas when they arise. Most existing literature and jurisprudence on amnesties deal with only a small subset of state practice and sidestep the ambiguity of amnesty's position under international law. This book addresses the ambiguity head on and argues that amnesties of the broadest scope are sometimes defensible when adopted as a last recourse in contexts of mass violence. Drawing on an extensive amnesty database, the book offers detailed guidance on how to ensure that amnesties extend the minimum leniency possible, while imposing the maximum accountability on the beneficiaries.
Necessary Heresies: Challenging the Narratives Distorting Contemporary UK Defence (Whitehall Papers)
by Justin Bronk Jack WatlingDominant narratives about the changing character of warfare and the revolutionary effect of technological advancement lack nuance and can ultimately be detrimental to the development of a defence capability fit for future purpose.
Necessary Illusions: Thought Control in Democratic Societies (The CBC Massey Lectures)
by Noam ChomskyIn his national bestselling 1988 CBC Massey Lectures, Noam Chomsky inquires into the nature of the media in a political system where the population cannot be disciplined by force and thus must be subjected to more subtle forms of ideological control. Specific cases are illustrated in detail, using the U.S. media primarily but also media in other societies. Chomsky considers how the media might be democratized (as part of the general problem of developing more democratic institutions) in order to offer citizens broader and more meaningful participation in social and political life.
The Necessary Nation
by Gregory JusdanisIn this controversial look at nationalism, Gregory Jusdanis offers a sweeping defense of the nation as a protector of cultural difference and a catalyst for modernization. Since the end of the Cold War, the nation-state has undergone intense scrutiny among critics in the media and the academy. Many believe that civic nationalism may be fruitful but that cultural nationalism fosters xenophobia and backward thinking. Jusdanis, however, emphasizes the positive collaboration between nation-building and culture. Through a series of critical readings of multicultural, postcolonial, and globalization theories, the author reveals how nationalism enables people to defend their distinctive ways of life, to fight colonial oppression, and to build an independent society of citizens. He explains why people over the last two hundred years have politicized their ethnic identities and have sought a union of culture and power within an autonomous nation-state. While seeking to defend nationalism, Jusdanis also examines its potential to unleash extraordinary violence into the world. He thus proposes federalism as a political solution to the challenges posed by nationalism and globalization. Jusdanis applies the tools of disciplines ranging from anthropology to philosophy, as he explores the nation-building projects of numerous and diverse countries around the world. What emerges is a fresh perspective on the subjects of national culture, identity, political nations, globalization, postcolonialism, and diaspora.
Necessary Noise: How Donald Trump Inflames the Culture War and Why This Is Good News for America
by Star ParkerPopular FOX commentator Star Parker explains why today's noisy political rhetoric is good for you and provides specifics on why Trump's presidency is vital for America's future.Star Parker was among the many reeling and confused as Donald Trump became the 45th president of the United States. But, she argues, a silver lining to this outcome is the debate that has since ruled our media and private conversations.The ongoing noise of debate can seem overwhelming, but our country needs the authentic and candid dialogue of its people. And Trump's presidency provides us with an opportunity like never before to engage and work to preserve the values upon which America was built. Necessary Noise honestly examines the crossroads where we find ourselves and suggests ways of moving toward resolution and restoration. Tackling a wide range of topics on which citizens should get noisy--from immigration, to education, to abortion, to welfare--Necessary Noise provides the framework for how to take part in this important time in history using our voices.
Necessary Risks: Professional Humanitarianism and Violence against Aid Workers
by Abby StoddardAttacks on humanitarian aid operations are both a symptom and a weapon of modern warfare, and as armed groups increasingly target aid workers for violence, relief operations are curtailed in places where civilians are most in need. This book provides an in-depth analysis of the challenges to humanitarian action in warzones, the risk management and negotiation strategies that hold the most promise for aid organizations, and an ethical framework from which to tackle the problem. By combining rigorous research findings with structural historical analysis and first-person accounts of armed attacks on aid workers, the author proposes a reframed ethos of humanitarian professionalism, decoupled from organizational or political interests, and centered on optimizing outcomes for the people it serves.
Necessary Secrets: National Security, the Media, and the Rule of Law
by Gabriel SchoenfeldAn intensely controversial scrutiny of American democracy's fundamental tension between the competing imperatives of security and openness. "Leaking"--the unauthorized disclosure to the press of secret information--is a well-established part of the U.S. government's normal functioning. Gabriel Schoenfeld examines history and legal precedent to argue that leaks of highly classified national-security secrets have reached hitherto unthinkable extremes, with dangerous potential for post-9/11 America. He starts with the New York Times' recent decision to reveal the existence of top-secret counterterrorism programs, tipping off al Qaeda operatives to the intelligence methods designed to apprehend them. He then steps back to the Founding Fathers' intense preoccupation with secrecy in the conduct of foreign policy. Shifting to the 20th century, he scrutinizes some of the more extraordinary leaks and their consequences, from the public disclosure of the vulnerability of Japanese diplomatic codes in the years before Pearl Harbor to the publication of the Pentagon Papers in the Nixon era to the systematic exposure of undercover CIA agents by the renegade CIA agent Philip Agee. Returning to our present dilemmas, Schoenfeld discovers a growing rift between a press that sees itself as the heroic force promoting the public's "right to know" and a government that needs to safeguard information vital to the effective conduct of national defense. Schoenfeld places the tension between openness and security in the context of a broader debate about freedom of the press and its limits. With the United States still at war, Necessary Secrets is of burning contemporary interest. But it is much more than a book of the moment. Grappling with one of the most perplexing conundrums of our democratic order, it offers a masterful contribution to the enduring challenge of interpreting the First Amendment.
Necessary Trouble: Americans in Revolt
by Sarah JaffeNecessary Trouble is the definitive book on the movements that are poised to permanently remake American politics. We are witnessing a moment of unprecedented political turmoil and social activism. Over the last few years, we've seen the growth of the Tea Party, a twenty-first-century black freedom struggle with BlackLivesMatter, Occupy Wall Street, and the grassroots networks supporting presidential candidates in defiance of the traditional party elites.Sarah Jaffe leads readers into the heart of these movements, explaining what has made ordinary Americans become activists. As Jaffe argues, the financial crisis in 2008 was the spark, the moment that crystallized that something was wrong. For years, Jaffe crisscrossed the country, asking people what they were angry about, and what they were doing to take power back. She attended a people's assembly in a church gymnasium in Ferguson, Missouri; walked a picket line at an Atlanta Burger King; rode a bus from New York to Ohio with student organizers; and went door-to-door in Queens days after Hurricane Sandy.From the successful fight for a 15 minimum wage in Seattle and New York to the halting of Shell's Arctic drilling program, Americans are discovering the effectiveness of making good, necessary trouble. Regardless of political alignment, they are boldly challenging who wields power in this country.
Necessary Women: The Untold Story of Parliament’s Working Women
by Mari Takayanagi Elizabeth Hallam SmithDrawing on unique research based on the Parliamentary archives, government records and family history sources, Mari Takayanagi and Elizabeth Hallam Smith show how women touched just about every aspect of the life of Parliament, largely unacknowledged - until now. Along the way, we meet an array of impressive and life-affirming women: from the Rickman sisters eavesdropping on Parliamentary debates from the roof space above the Commons in the 1820s; to Jane, the doyenne of Bellamy's, purveyors of tea, chops, steaks, pies and wine to MPs in the 1840s; and to Jean Winder, the first female Hansard reporter, who fought for years after being appointed in 1944 to be paid the same as her male counterparts. As historians and Parliamentary insiders themselves, Takayanagi and Hallam Smith bring these unsung heroes to life, charting along the way the changing context for working women within and beyond the Palace of Westminster.
Necessity (The Joseph Antonelli Thrillers)
by D. W. BuffaA defense attorney faces the toughest case of his career: representing a man who has admitted to murdering the president . . . When Joseph Antonelli, who has never lost a case, takes on the most shocking client of his career, he is unprepared for the depths of trouble he&’s about to get into. A senator has confessed to stabbing the president of the United States to death—but has invoked the &“Law of Necessity,&” which states that a crime is justified if it serves the greater good. As the nation is gripped by the trial of the century, Antonelli must try a case with all eyes on him—and his own life on the line—in this riveting read from a bestselling Edgar Award nominee. &“Highly recommended for lovers of legal and political thrillers.&” ―Library Journal (starred review)Praise for D. W. Buffa &“Buffa is one of a kind.&” —San Jose Mercury News &“A whopper of a reveal.&” —Booklist
The Necessity of Art: A Marxist Approach
by Ernst Fischer Anna BostockThe author, an Austrian poet and critic, surveys the whole history of artistic achievement through Marxist eyes.
The Necessity of Choice: Nineteenth Century Political Thought
by Hartz Louis Paul RoazenLouis Hartz is best known for his classic study, The Liberal Tradition in America. At Harvard University, his lecture course on nineteenth-century politics and ideologies was memorable. Through the editorial hand of Paul Roazen, we can now share the experience of Hartz's considerable contributions to the theory of politics.At the root of Hartz's work is the belief that revolution is not produced by misery, but by pressure of a new system on an old one. This approach enables him to explain sharp differences in revolutionary traditions. Because America essentially was a liberal society from its beginning and had no need for revolutions, America also lacked reactionaries, and lacked a tradition of genuine conservatism characteristic of European thought.In lectures embracing Rousseau, Burke, Comte, Hegel, Mill, and Marx among others, Hartz develops a keen sense of the delicate balance between the role of the state in both enhancing and limiting personal freedom. Hartz notably insisted on the autonomy of intellectual life and the necessity of individual choice as an essential ingredient of liberty.
Necro Citizenship: Death, Eroticism, and the Public Sphere in the Nineteenth-century United States
by Russ CastronovoIn Necro Citizenship Russ Castronovo argues that the meaning of citizenship in the United States during the nineteenth century was bound to--and even dependent on--death. Deploying an impressive range of literary and cultural texts, Castronovo interrogates an American public sphere that fetishized death as a crucial point of political identification. This morbid politics idealized disembodiment over embodiment, spiritual conditions over material ones, amnesia over history, and passivity over engagement. Moving from medical engravings, séances, and clairvoyant communication to Supreme Court decisions, popular literature, and physiological tracts, Necro Citizenship explores how rituals of inclusion and belonging have generated alienation and dispossession. Castronovo contends that citizenship does violence to bodies, especially those of blacks, women, and workers. "Necro ideology," he argues, supplied citizens with the means to think about slavery, economic powerlessness, or social injustice as eternal questions, beyond the scope of politics or critique. By obsessing on sleepwalkers, drowned women, and other corpses, necro ideology fostered a collective demand for an abstract even antidemocratic sense of freedom. Examining issues involving the occult, white sexuality, ghosts, and suicide in conjunction with readings of Harriet Jacobs, Ralph Waldo Emerson, Frederick Douglass, Nathaniel Hawthorne, and Frances Harper, Necro Citizenship successfully demonstrates why Patrick Henry's "give me liberty or give me death" has resonated so strongly in the American imagination.
Necroeconomía: El manual para entender la economía perversa
by Marta Flich Dario AdantiMarta Flich, «la musa de la izquierda», repasa desde la ironía y el humor las claves para entender, de una vez por todas, cómo funciona la economía. Si te inquietan el gasto social y la corrupción, si te preguntas a menudo por qué sigues siendo pobre aunque trabajes ocho horas al día, o si tienes ganas de saber más de economía pero esta te parece oscura e inaccesible, este es tu libro. Marta Flich nos acerca la realidad económica para hacernos entender, por fin, los conceptos básicos que la rigen con su característico estilo irónico y mordaz. Con esta guía cualquiera podrá entender los principios elementales de la economía mundial con ejemplos del día a día que resultan cómicos y cotidianos. Es un manual que está pensado para perderle el miedo a esa información que, a veces, nos supera, y para ayudarnos a comprender a dónde van nuestros impuestos y qué papel jugamos en la sociedad, más allá de los cantos de sirena de los políticos. Y, sobre todo, Marta denuncia que hablar de economía en España es hablar hoy más que nunca de la expansión de la «necroeconomía», esa maquinaria perversa diseñada para que siempre pierda el más débil. Todo ello acompañado de las ilustraciones de Darío Adanti, renovador del cómic español y referente del humor satírico. ¿Qué es la necroeconomía? Para mí, es toda aquella utilización mercantilista y transversal que afecta a un grupo vulnerable por falta de igualdad de oportunidades. La necroeconomía no hubiera crecido tan salvajemente sin la existencia de la comunicación, principalmente a través de las redes sociales. ¿Sigues sin entenderlo? Bien, hagamos un ejercicio pedagógico acelerado. Para mí, no digo que necesariamente tenga que ser lo mismo para el resto de mis colegas, la necroeconomía es una de esas formas que adopta la economía y que, en la actualidad, está avanzando geométricamente, haciéndose un hueco en nuestros podridos corazones. La necroeconomía es todo aquello que se rentabiliza a partir del dolor, la muerte, la injusticia, la desgracia o todo a la vez. ¿Vendes camisetas con un lema feminista para sacar pasta cuando en realidad te es indiferente la igualdad? Necroeconomía. ¿Exprimes a personas con un trauma reciente rentabilizando su causa hasta agotar el interés (y la recaudación)? Necroeconomía. ¿Tergiversas la verdad para ganar dinero? Necroeconomía. ¿Montas actos donde la gente aporta pasta para luchar contra el terrorismo o el cáncer, pero nadie recibe esa ayuda salvo tu bolsillo? Necroeconomía. ¿Vas a una fundación y te dejan las joyas para que poses en un photocall? Necroeconomía. ¿Participas en actos solidarios pero tú vas a que te inviten a cenar y hacer contactos con el marqués de Bliblibli? Eres mala gente. Pero, en cualquier caso, enhorabuena, formas parte del circo.