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Norway’s Sovereign Wealth Fund: Sustainable Investment of Natural Resource Revenues (Natural Resource Management and Policy #54)
by Ole Bjørn RøsteThis book elaborates on how Norway has managed to convert a large fraction of its endowment of hydrocarbons below the seabed of Norwegian waters into financial wealth, invested in the world’s capital markets. Further, it explains how this wealth is managed. Under the current guidelines, only the assessed return on investment may be allotted to public budgets. This ensures that the wealth will benefit both current and future generations. The capital is gathered in the Sovereign Wealth Fund – or State Pension Fund Global (SPF-G) –, which is intended to maximize capital value without exceeding acceptable risks. The book offers new insights into the history and management of the fund, examines its successes,and discusses future challenges. Given its scope, it appeals to scholars of economics, finance and political science, and to anyone interested in the sustainable investment of natural resource-based revenues.
The Norwegian Intelligence Service, 1945-1970 (Studies in Intelligence)
by Olav RisteThis is a history of the Norwegian Intelligence Service (NIS) during the Cold War, based on its secret archives. The author describes a service that grew from a handful of specialists in 1946 to a multi-faceted organization with a personnel of about 1000 by the end of the 1960s.
"¡Nos Quitan Nuestros Trabajos!"
by Aviva Chomsky"An indispensable guide to the current debate on immigration."-Howard ZinnAviva Chomsky dismantles twenty-one of the most widespread myths and beliefs about immigrants and immigration. "¡Nos Quitan el Trabajo!" challenges the underlying assumptions that fuel these misinformed claims about immigrants, radically altering our notions of citizenship, discrimination, and US history.
Nosotros dos en la tormenta
by Eduardo SacheriAmistad, política y violencia en una Argentina feroz.Durante el dramático año 1975, dos jóvenes amigos se involucran en actividades revolucionarias poniendo su vida en peligro.-Ese es tu problema. No se puede dudar en el medio de una guerra popular, Cabezón.-A vencer o morir, como dicen ustedes.-¡Más bien que a vencer o morir!-¿Y no pensaste qué pasa si no vencemos? ¿Estás seguro de que preferís morir?-¡No, porque vamos a vencer!-¿Y si no?-¡Si no, nada, porque vamos a vencer, te digo!Corre 1975 y dos jóvenes integrantes de distintas organizaciones armadas mantienen su amistad de toda la vida reuniéndose como pueden, en los intersticios que les permiten sus actividades revolucionarias.Nosotros dos en la tormenta cuenta el día a día de dos militantes, de dos células, de sus acciones violentas y de aquellos que se ven afectados por estas: las víctimas y sus familias, pero también los seres queridos de los propios guerrilleros. Es la historia del entusiasmo y las dudas, del arrojo y la rivalidad, del encandilamiento que provoca fijar la vista sin descanso en un sol brillante e imperioso, de la dinámica enloquecida de una época turbulenta, donde el tiempo jugará en contra de todos y le abrirá camino al poder de la muerte. Inquietante, conmovedora y cercana, esta novela nos retrotrae a la década del setenta de un modo nuevo: sin esquivar las paradojas y descubriendo a los seres humanos cobijados bajo las banderas de los apasionamientos políticos más extremos.Sobre El funcionamiento general del mundo:«Sacheri consigue que sus palabras sean disparadores de la memoria de los otros.» Andrés Klipphan, Infobae«Un viaje en el espacio y en el tiempo le permite al escritor narrar una historia en la que se trenzan la épica y la derrota del juego. Crecer es más saber perder que ganar, parece insinuar esta novela.»Silvina Friera, Página 12Sobre Lo mucho que te amé:«Sacheri se zambulle en la cuestión amorosa sin paracaídas, sin apoyos ni coartadas de ningún tipo.»Iñaki Ezkerra, La Verdad«Una novela impecable e intimista sobre historias familiares ocultas y amores ilícitos, cuya grandeza reside en elevar a pura poesía la rutina cotidiana.»Asunta López, Todo LiteraturaSobre La noche de la Usina:«Sacheri maneja con extraordinario pulso, y con felices destellos expresivos, la preparación y consecución del robo, perpetrado por gente trabajadora y tenaz que convierte su torpeza en una épica del ingenio de los pobres.»Francisco Solano, Babelia
Nostalgia: Going Home in a Homeless World
by Anthony EsolenAlone among the creatures of the world, man suffers a pang both bitter and sweet. It is an ache for the homecoming. The Greeks called it nostalgia. Post-modern man, homeless almost by definition, cannot understand nostalgia. If he is a progressive, dreaming of a utopia to come, he dismisses it contemptuously, eager to bury a past he despises. If he is a reactionary, he sentimentalizes it, dreaming of a lost golden age. In this profound reflection, Anthony Esolen explores the true meaning of nostalgia and its place in the human heart. Drawing on the great works of Western literature from the Odyssey to Flannery O'Connor, he traces the development of this fundamental longing from the pagan's desire for his earthly home, which most famously inspired Odysseys' heroic return to Ithaca, to its transformation under Christianity. The doctrine of the fall of man forestalls sentimental traditionalism by insisting that there has been no Eden since Eden. And the revelation of heaven as our true and final home, directing man's longing to the next world, paradoxically strengthens and ennobles the pilgrim's devotion to his home in this world. In our own day, Christian nostalgia stands in frank opposition to the secular usurpation of this longing. Looking for a city that does not exist, the progressive treats original sin, which afflicts everyone, as mere political error, which afflicts only his opponents. To him, history is a long tale of misery with nothing to teach us. Despising his fathers, he lives in a world without piety. Only the future, which no one can know, is real to him. It is an idol that justifies all manner of evil and folly. Nostalgia rightly understood is not an invitation to repeat the sins of the past or to repudiate what experience and reflection have taught us, but to hear the call of sanity and sweetness again. Perhaps we will shake our heads as if awaking from a bad and feverish dream and, coming to ourselves, resolve, like the Prodigal, to "arise and go to my father's house."
Nostalgia and Hope: Intersections between Politics of Culture, Welfare, and Migration in Europe (IMISCOE Research Series)
by Anders Hellström Martin Bak Jørgensen Ov Cristian NorocelThis open access book shows how the politics of migration affect community building in the 21st century, drawing on both retrogressive and progressive forms of mobilization. It elaborates theoretically and shows empirically how the two master frames of nostalgia and hope are used in local, national and transnational settings, in and outside conventional forms of doing politics. It expands on polarized societal processes and external events relevant for the transformation of European welfare systems and the reproduction of national identities today. It evidences the importance of gender in the narrative use of the master frames of nostalgia and hope, either as an ideological tool for right-wing populist and extreme right retrogressive mobilization or as an essential element of progressive intersectional politics of hope. It uses both comparative and single case studies to address different perspectives, and by means of various methodological approaches, the manner in which the master frames of nostalgia and hope are articulated in the politics of culture, welfare, and migration. The book is organized around three thematic sections whereby the first section deals with right-wing populist party politics across Europe, the second section deals with an articulation of politics beyond party politics by means of retrogressive mobilization, and the third and last section deals with emancipatory initiatives beyond party politics as well.
Nostalgia and Political Theory
by Lawrence QuillIn Nostalgia and Political Theory, Lawrence Quill advocates the central importance of nostalgia as a theoretical response to the ‘historic’ past and a vertiginous present. He does so by offering detailed analyses of diverse theoretical approaches, from the ancient world to the modern day, in order to reassess the relation between nostalgia and politics. Quill proposes nostalgia as an organizing concept, silently (and not so silently) influencing theorists as they construct critiques of the present or visions of the political future. Nostalgia and Political Theory surveys key contributions to nostalgic and antinostalgic thinking from across the political spectrum. Assessing the influence of photography, radio, television, and personal computing on changing conceptions of the past, Quill also considers the relation between populism, nationalism, and nostalgia. By challenging those who would dismiss nostalgia as irrational or a symptom of cultural malaise, Quill concludes by advancing the case for a liberal theory of nostalgia. Nostalgia and Political Theory will be of interest to scholars and students in the fields of political theory, social theory, sociology, philosophy, political science, memory studies, and nostalgia studies.
Nostalgia for the Modern: State Secularism and Everyday Politics in Turkey
by Esra ÖzyürekAs the twentieth century drew to a close, the unity and authority of the secularist Turkish state were challenged by the rise of political Islam and Kurdish separatism on the one hand and by the increasing demands of the European Union, the International Monetary Fund, and the World Bank on the other. While the Turkish government had long limited Islam--the religion of the overwhelming majority of its citizens--to the private sphere, it burst into the public arena in the late 1990s, becoming part of party politics. As religion became political, symbols of Kemalism--the official ideology of the Turkish Republic founded by Mustafa Kemal Atatrk in 1923--spread throughout the private sphere. In Nostalgia for the Modern, Esra zyrek analyzes the ways that Turkish citizens began to express an attachment to--and nostalgia for--the secularist, modernist, and nationalist foundations of the Turkish Republic. Drawing on her ethnographic research in Istanbul and Ankara during the late 1990s, zyrek describes how ordinary Turkish citizens demonstrated their affinity for Kemalism in the ways they organized their domestic space, decorated their walls, told their life stories, and interpreted political developments. She examines the recent interest in the private lives of the founding generation of the Republic, reflects on several privately organized museum exhibits about the early Republic, and considers the proliferation in homes and businesses of pictures of Atatrk, the most potent symbol of the secular Turkish state. She also explores the organization of the 1998 celebrations marking the Republic's seventy-fifth anniversary. zyrek's insights into how state ideologies spread through private and personal realms of life have implications for all societies confronting the simultaneous rise of neoliberalism and politicized religion.
Nostalgia, Loss and Creativity in South-East Europe: Political and Cultural Representations of the Past (Modernity, Memory and Identity in South-East Europe)
by Catharina RaudvereWhere nostalgia was once dismissed a wistful dream of a never-never land, the academic focus has shifted to how pieces of the past are assembled as the elements in alternative political thinking as well as in artistic expression. The creative use of the past points to the complexities of the conceptualization of nostalgia, while entering areas where the humanities meet the art world and commerce. This collection of essays shows how this bond is politically and socially visible on different levels, from states to local communities, along with creative developments in art, literature and religious practice. Bringing together scholars from a range of disciplines, the book offers analyses from diverse theoretical perspectives, united by an interest in the political and cultural representations of the past in South-East Europe from a long-term perspective. By emphasising how the relationship between loss and creative inspiration are intertwined in cultural production and history writing, these essays cover themes across South-East Europe and provide an insight into how specific agents – intellectuals, politicians, artists – have represented the past and have looked towards the future.
Nostalgia, Nationalism, and the US Militia Movement
by Amy CooterNostalgia, Nationalism, and the US Militia Movement is an accessible primer on the contemporary US militia movement. Exploring the complicated history of militias in the United States, starting with the Revolutionary War period, this book leverages unique data from ethnographic fieldwork, in-depth interviews, and previously unseen archival materials from militia founder Norm Olson to detail the modern movement’s origin and trajectory through the attempted insurrection of January 6th and beyond. This book uses the lenses of nostalgia and settler colonialism to explain militia members’ actions and beliefs, including their understandings of both nationalism and masculinity. This approach situates militias in a broader political landscape and explains how and why they will continue to be relevant actors in American politics. A general audience will find this book approachable, and it will be of particular interest to people studying militias or other social movement organizations whose vision of an ideal nation rests on a nostalgic image of the past and potentially encourages political violence.
Nostalgic Virility as a Cause of War: How Leaders of Great Powers Cope with Status Decline (McGill-Queen's/Brian Mulroney Institute of Government Studies in Leadership, Public Policy, and Governance)
by Matthieu GrandpierronWhy do great powers go to war? Why are non-violent, diplomatic options not prioritized? Nostalgic Virility as a Cause of War argues that world leaders react to status decline by going to war, guided by a nostalgic, virile understanding of what it means to be powerful. This nostalgic virility – a system of subjective beliefs about power, bravery, strength, morality, and health – acts as a filter through which leaders articulate glorified interpretations of history and assess their power and their country’s status on the international stage.In this rigorous study of France, the United Kingdom, and the United States, Matthieu Grandpierron tests the theory of nostalgic virility against the two more common theoretical frameworks of realism and the diversionary theory of war. Consulting thousands of newly declassified government documents at the highest levels of decision making, Grandpierron examines three specific cases – the early years of the Indochina War (1945–47), the British reconquest of the Falklands in 1982, and the US invasion of Grenada in 1983 – convincingly contending that status-seeking behaviour and nostalgic virility are more relevant in explaining why a leader chooses war and conflict over non-violent, diplomatic options than the dominant frameworks.Looking to the recent past, Nostalgic Virility as a Cause of War considers how this new model can be applied to current conflicts – from the Russian war in Ukraine to Chinese actions in the South China Sea – and provides surprising ways of thinking about the relationship between power, decision makers, and causes of war.
Nostra Aetate, Non-Christian Religions, and Interfaith Relations
by Kail C. EllisThis book explores how Nostra Aetate, the Declaration on the Relation of the Church with Non-Christian Religions of the Second Vatican Council, can influence inter-religious dialogue and understanding in the modern world. Although influential in religious, academic, and scholarly circles, it is relatively unknown outside these areas. The contributors remedy that deficit by highlighting the declaration’s difficult historical and social context and the Church’s evolving relationship with non-Christians.Contentious topics are examined such as the link between the Jewish people and the land and state of Israel, that questions the Catholic understanding of the relativity of national borders and identity, and the challenges posed to the Church’s relationship with Islam by its prioritization of human rights and religious freedom for Christians and minorities in certain Muslim regimes.Given its scope, it is an ideal resource for graduate students and researchers in the fields of political science, international relations, religion, and minority studies.
Not a Day Care: The Devastating Consequences of Abandoning Truth
by Everett Piper"You must read this book. Everett Piper is a man of courage and conviction. He stands nearly alone as an academic leader confronting the ideological fascism of the snowflake rebellion. His call for intellectual freedom must be heard."—GLENN BECK <P><P>What has happened to the American spirit? We've gone from "Give me liberty, or give me death!" to "Take care of me, please." Our colleges were once bastions of free speech; now they're bastions of speech codes. Our culture once rewarded independence; now it rewards victimhood. Parents once taught their kids how to fend for themselves; now, any parent who tries may get a visit from the police. <P><P>In Not a Day Care, Dr. Everett Piper, president of Oklahoma Wesleyan University and author of the viral essay, "This Is Not a Day Care. It's a University!," takes a hard look at what's happening around the country--including the demand for "safe spaces" and trigger warnings at universities like Yale, Brandeis, and Oberlin--and digs in his heels against the sad and dangerous infantilization of the American spirit.
Not a Scientist: How Politicians Mistake, Misrepresent, and Utterly Mangle Science
by Dave LevitanAn eye-opening tour of the political tricks that subvert scientific progress. The Butter-Up and Undercut. The Certain Uncertainty. The Straight-Up Fabrication. Dave Levitan dismantles all of these deceptive arguments, and many more, in this probing and hilarious examination of the ways our elected officials attack scientific findings that conflict with their political agendas. The next time you hear a politician say, "Well, I’m not a scientist, but…," you’ll be ready.
Not About Nightingales
by Tennessee WilliamsThis early full-length play put a young Tennessee Williams' passion for social justice in the spotlight. "Haunting, searing, unforgettable" —London Herald In early 1998, sixty years after it was written, one of Tennessee Williams' first full-length plays, Not About Nightingales, was premiered by Britain's Royal National Theatre and was immediately hailed as "one of the most remarkable theatrical discoveries of the last quarter century (London Evening Standard). Brought to the attention of the director Trevor Nunn by the actress Vanessa Redgrave (who has contributed a Foreword to this edition), "this early work...changed our perception of a major writer and still packs a hefty political punch" (London Independent). Written in 1938 and based on an actual newspaper story, the play follows the events of a prison atrocity which shocked the nation: convicts leading a hunger strike in a Pennsylvania prison were locked in a steam-heated cell and roasted to death. Williams later said: "I have never written anything since that could compete with it in violence and horror." Its sympathetic treatment of black and homosexual characters may have kept the play unproduced in its own time. But its flashes of lyricism and compelling dialogue presage the great plays Williams has yet to write. Not About Nightingales shows us the young playwright (for the first time using his signature "Tennessee") as a political writer, passionate about social injustice, and reflecting the plight of outcasts in Depression America. The stylistic influences of European Expressionism, radical American theatre of the 1930s, and popular film make it unique among the group of four early plays. Not About Nightingales has been edited by eminent Williams scholar Allean Hale, who has also provided an illuminating historical introduction.
Not According to Plan: Filmmaking under Stalin
by Maria BelodubrovskayaIn Not According to Plan, Maria Belodubrovskaya reveals the limits on the power of even the most repressive totalitarian regimes to create and control propaganda. Belodubrovskaya's revisionist account of Soviet filmmaking between 1930 and 1953 highlights the extent to which the Soviet film industry remained stubbornly artisanal in its methods, especially in contrast to the more industrial approach of the Hollywood studio system. Not According to Plan shows that even though Josef Stalin recognized cinema as a "mighty instrument of mass agitation and propaganda" and strove to harness the Soviet film industry to serve the state, directors such as Eisenstein, Alexandrov, and Pudovkin had far more creative control than did party-appointed executives and censors.
Not Accountable: Rethinking the Constitutionality of Public Employee Unions
by Philip K. Howard&“Elected leaders come and go, but public unions just say no.&” Hiding in plain sight is a fatal defect of modern democracy. Public employee unions have a death grip on the operating machinery of government. Schools can&’t work, bad cops can&’t be fired, and politicians sell their souls for union support. With this searing five-point indictment, Philip K. Howard argues that union controls have disempowered elected executives and should be unconstitutional. Union power in government happened almost by accident in the 1960s, ostensibly to give public unions the same bargaining rights as trade unions. But government bargaining is not about dividing profits, but making political choices about public priorities. Moreover, the political nature of decision-making allowed unions to provide campaign support to friendly officials. Public bargaining became collusive. The unions brag about it: &“We elect our own bosses.&” Sitting on both sides of the bargaining table has allowed public unions to turn the democratic hierarchy upside down. Elected officials answer to public employees. Basic tools of good government have been eliminated. There&’s no accountability, detailed union entitlements make government largely unmanageable and unaffordable, and public policies are driven by what is good for public employees, not what is good for the public. Public unions keep it that way by brute political force—harnessing the huge cohort of public employees into a political force dedicated to preventing the reform of government. The solution, Howard argues, is not political but constitutional. America&’s republican form of government requires an executive branch that is empowered to implement public policies, not one shackled to union controls. Public employees have a fiduciary duty to serve the public and should not be allowed to organize politically to harm the public. This short book could unlock a door to fixing a broken democracy.Common Good (www.commongood.org) is a nonpartisan reform coalition to simplify government and restore common sense in daily decisions. It proposes a new governing vision: replace red tape with individual accountability. Its Founder and Chair is lawyer and author Philip K. Howard.
Not Bad for a Sergeant: The Memoirs of Barney Danson
by Barney Danson Curtis FaheyBarney Danson began as a twenty-one-year-old sergeant in the Canadian army and rose to the lofty heights of parliamentary secretary to Pierre Trudeau and, eventually, Minister of National Defence. In these positions, he gained insights into previously unknown facts about this remarkable prime minister, and he gives an insider’s view of Canadian politicians and world leaders. Danson’s own story, told in a touching and often humorous tone, is also the story of a generation of Canadians who faced the hardships of the Depression, the reality of war, and the many changes that followed.
Not by Bread Alone: Russian Foreign Policy under Putin
by Robert NalbandovSince its independence in 1991, Russia has struggled with the growing pains of defining its role in international politics. After Vladimir Putin ascended to power in 2000, the country undertook grandiose foreign policy projects in an attempt to delineate its place among the world’s superpowers. With this in mind, Robert Nalbandov examines the milestones of Russia’s international relations since the turn of the twenty-first century. He focuses on the specific goals, engagement practices, and tools used by Putin’s administration to promote Russia’s vital national and strategic interests in specific geographic locations. His findings illuminate Putin’s foreign policy objective of reinstituting Russian global strategic dominance. Nalbandov argues that identity-based politics have dominated Putin’s tenure and that Russia’s east/west split is reflected in Asian-European politics. Nalbandov’s analysis shows that unchecked domestic power, an almost exclusive application of hard power, and determined ambition for unabridged global influence and a defined place as a world superpower are the keys to Putin’s Russia.
Not by Faith Alone: Religion, Law, and Adolescence
by Roger J.R. LevesqueTeens are often seen as challenging social mores. They are frequently perceived to engage in activities considered by adults to be immoral, including sexual behavior, delinquent activities, and low-level forms of violence. Yet the vast majority report surprisingly high levels of religiosity. Ninety-five percent of American teens aged 13-17 believe in God or a universal spirit, and 76% believe that God observes their actions and rewards or punishes them. Nearly half engage in religious practices, such as praying alone or attending church or synagogue services. Adolescents' religious beliefs are clearly important to them. Yet, the law does not know how to approach adolescents' religious rights and needs. In Not by Faith Alone, Roger J. R. Levesque argues that teens' search for meaning does not always serve adolescents or society well. Religious doctrines and institutions are not all "good," with violence linked to religious beliefs, for example-particularly racial/ethnic and sexual orientation harassment-becoming an increasing concern. Not by Faith Alone is the first attempt to integrate research on the place of religion in adolescent development and to discuss the relevance of that research for policies and laws which regulate religion in their lives. Levesque asks how religion, broadly defined, influences the development of teens' inner moral compasses, and how we can ensure that religion and the apparent need for "religious" activity lead to positive outcomes for individual adolescents and for society.
"Not by Might, Nor by Power": The Zionist Betrayal of Judaism (Forbidden Bookshelf #22)
by Mark Crispin Miller Adi Ophir Moshe MenuhinWith a new introduction by Adi Ophir: An early and fierce critique of Zionism from a Jewish child of Palestine who argued against nationalism and injustice. Born in 1893, Moshe Menuhin was part of the inaugural class to attend the first Zionist high school in Palestine, the Herzliya gymnasium in Tel Aviv. He had grown up in a Hasidic home, but eventually rejected orthodoxy while remaining dedicated to Judaism. As a witness to the evolution of Israel, Menuhin grew disaffected with what he saw as a betrayal of the Jews’ spiritual principles. This memoir, written in 1965, is considered the first revisionist history of Zionism. A groundbreaking document, it discusses the treatment of the Palestinians, the effects of the Holocaust, the exploitation of the Mizrahi Jewish immigrants, and the use of propaganda to win over public opinion in America and among American Jews. In a postscript added after the Six-Day War, Menuhin also addresses the question of occupation. This new edition is updated with an introduction by Israeli philosopher Adi Ophir, putting Menuhin’s work into a contemporary historical context. Passionate and sometimes inflammatory in its prose, and met with controversy and anger upon its original publication under the title The Decadence of Judaism in Our Time, Menuhin’s polemic remains both a thought-provoking reassessment of Zionist history and a fascinating look at one observer’s experience of this embattled corner of the world over the course of several tumultuous decades.
Not by Omission: The Case of the 1973 Arab-Israeli War
by Amnon KapelioukA major new reading of the 1973 war in the Middle East, an act of Israeli hubris that planted the seeds of the current crisisIn this book, first published in Hebrew in 1975 and now available in English for the first time with an introduction by Noam Chomsky, Amnon Kapeliouk traces the policies and attitudes that led to the 1973 Arab-Israel war. He describes the multiple diplomatic overtures from Egyptian presidents Nasser and Sadat after 1967 that Israel ignored or contemptuously rejected, as well as the complacent attitude that had become fully entrenched in the Israeli military establishment. On the political level, the triumvirate of Golda Meir, Moshe Dayan and Israel Galili feature prominently as a study in arrogance and incompetence. Kapeliouk also notes the protest movement that arose among active-duty soldiers as well as veterans in the wake of the war demanding political accountability for the failures of the war. Finally, the book examines Israel&’s policy of colonizing the territories occupied in 1967, starting with the Golan Heights and later spreading to the West Bank (&“Judaea and Samaria&”) and the Sinai – a policy that did much to convince the leaders of Arab states that war was their only option.Introduced by Noam Chomsky and Irene Gendzier.
Not By Politics Alone: The Other Lenin
by V. I. LeninA collection of letters, diaries and various writings depicting the Lenin beyond political commitmentsThis vivid selection, compiled and introduced by Tamara Deutscher, written by Lenin and those who knew him, brings us the revolution in his everyday life – the man who lived by politics but not by politics alone.Here, we see the Lenin of leisure as well as work, geared to his life&’s purpose and yet enjoying to the full all the pleasures of a healthy human existence – neither the humourless, monolithic cult hero of Soviet mythology nor the bogeyman of official anti-communism. What did Lenin read? How did he relax? What did he think and feel? This surprising collection, covering everything from his passionate baritone singing voice to his love of hunting wild game and beyond, reveals the man beyond the myth.
Not by War Alone: Security and Arms Control in the Middle East
by Paul JabberThe Middle East remains the most politically volatile and militarily unstable region in the world. It is also in relative terms the most heavily armed; and the influx of American, Soviet, French and other weaponry continues unabated. Moreover, the Arab-Israeli conflict invites competition in nuclear armaments. Accordingly a concern of public policy must be the promotion of strategic stability between potential adversaries and the imposition of effective restraints on the several interrelated arms races in the region. In the absence of negotiated solutions to existing disputes, or as a feature of future peace accords, arms-control measures could be of crucial importance in preventing the outbreak of war. Jabber explores the prospects for arms control in the specific contexts of the Arab-Israeli dispute and of military developments since the war of October 1973. Seeing lessons from history, and drawing on previously untapped materials, he includes a case-study of an actual Middle East arms-control system that was instituted by the United States, Great Britain, and France under the Tripartite Declaration of May 1950. Designed to prevent further warfare after the establishment of Israel by maintaining a stable balance of power through the rationing of arms supplies, this agreement was soon circumvented by its French sponsors, and it collapsed altogether following the emergence in 1955 of the Soviet Bloc as a major source of arms. After analyzing the Tripartite system---a unique experiment in coordinated, long-term, multilateral arms control on a regional level--Mr. Jabber defines the basic requirements for effective and curable international accords of this kind by exploring the relationships among the international arms trade, the purposes of arms control, and the political objectives and security interests of both suppliers and recipients of arms. This title is part of UC Press's Voices Revived program, which commemorates University of California Press's mission to seek out and cultivate the brightest minds and give them voice, reach, and impact. Drawing on a backlist dating to 1893, Voices Revived makes high-quality, peer-reviewed scholarship accessible once again using print-on-demand technology. This title was originally published in 1981.