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The Private Sector in Public Office: Selective Property Rights in China (Cambridge Studies in Comparative Politics)
by Yue HouThis book addresses the long-standing puzzle of how China's private sector manages to grow without secure property rights, and proposes a new theory of selective property rights to explain this phenomenon. Drawing on rich empirical evidence including in-depth interviews, a unique national survey of private entrepreneurs, two original national audit experiments and secondary sources, Professor Yue Hou shows that private entrepreneurs in China actively seek opportunities within formal institutions to advance their business interests. By securing seats in the local legislatures, entrepreneurs use their political capital to deter local officials from demanding bribes, ad hoc taxes, and other types of informal payments. In doing so they create a system of selective, individualized, and predictable property rights. This system of selective property rights is key to understanding the private sector growth in the absence of the rule of law.
Private Sector Involvement in the Euro: The Power of Ideas (Routledge Advances In European Politics Ser.)
by Stefan Collignon Daniela SchwarzerThis book looks at the role of the Association for Monetary Union in Europe's role in the construction of the Euro. It argues that the AMUE played a prominent role in the adoption of a number of proposals related to the single currency and had a guiding influence on the transition from a market-let to an institution-centred approach to monetary uni
Private Security: An Introduction to Principles and Practice
by Charles P. NemethThere are few textbooks available that outline the foundation of security principles while reflecting the modern practices of private security as an industry. Private Security: An Introduction to Principles and Practice takes a new approach to the subject of private sector security that will be welcome addition to the field. The book focuses on the recent history of the industry and the growing dynamic between private sector security and public safety and law enforcement. Coverage will include history and security theory, but emphasis is on current practice, reflecting the technology-driven, fast-paced, global security environment. Such topics covered include a history of the security industry, security law, risk management, physical security, Human Resources and personnel, investigations, institutional and industry-specific security, crisis and emergency planning, critical infrastructure protection, IT and computer security, and more. Rather than being reduced to single chapter coverage, homeland security and terrorism concepts are referenced throughout the book, as appropriate. Currently, it vital that private security entities work with public sector authorities seamlessly—at the state and federal levels—to share information and understand emerging risks and threats. This modern era of security requires an ongoing, holistic focus on the impact and implications of global terror incidents; as such, the book’s coverage of topics consciously takes this approach throughout. Highlights include: Details the myriad changes in security principles, and the practice of private security, particularly since 9/11 Focuses on both foundational theory but also examines current best practices—providing sample forms, documents, job descriptions, and functions—that security professionals must understand to perform and succeed Outlines the distinct, but growing, roles of private sector security companies versus the expansion of federal and state law enforcement security responsibilities Includes key terms, learning objectives, end of chapter questions, Web exercises, and numerous references—throughout the book—to enhance student learning Presents the full range of career options available for those looking entering the field of private security Includes nearly 400 full-color figures, illustrations, and photographs. Private Security: An Introduction to Principles and Practice provides the most comprehensive, up-to-date coverage of modern security issues and practices on the market. Professors will appreciate the new, fresh approach, while students get the most "bang for their buck," insofar as the real-world knowledge and tools needed to tackle their career in the ever-growing field of private industry security. An instructor’s manual with Exam questions, lesson plans, and chapter PowerPoint® slides are available upon qualified course adoption.
Private Security: An Introduction to Principles and Practice
by Charles P. NemethPrivate Security: An Introduction to Principles and Practice, Second Edition explains foundational security principles—defining terms and outlining the increasing scope of security in daily life—while reflecting current practices of private security as an industry and profession. The book looks at the development and history of the industry, outlines fundamental security principles, and the growing dynamic and overlap that exists between the private sector security and public safety and law enforcement—especially since the events of 9/11. Chapters focus on current practice, reflecting the technology-driven, fast-paced, global security environment. Such topics covered include security law and legal issues, risk management, physical security, human resources and personnel considerations, investigations, institutional and industry-specific security, crisis and emergency planning, computer, and information security. A running theme of this edition is highlighting—where appropriate—how security awareness, features, and applications have permeated all aspects of our modern lives. Key Features: Provides current best practices detailing the skills that professionals, in the diverse and expanding range of career options, need to succeed in the field Outlines the unique role of private sector security companies as compared to federal and state law enforcement responsibilities Includes key terms, learning objectives, end of chapter questions, Web exercises, and numerous references—throughout the book—to enhance student learning Critical infrastructure protection and terrorism concepts, increasingly of interest and relevant to the private sector, are referenced throughout the book. Threat assessment and information sharing partnerships between private security entities public sector authorities—at the state and federal levels—are highlighted. Private Security, Second Edition takes a fresh, practical approach to the private security industry’s role and impact in a dynamic, ever-changing threat landscape.
Private Security and Identity Politics: Ethical Hero Warriors, Professional Managers and New Humanitarians (Routledge Private Security Studies)
by Jutta Joachim Andrea SchneikerThis book examines the self-representation and identity politics of Private Military and Security Companies (PMSCs). PMSCs have become increasingly important over the past few decades. While their boom is frequently explained in functional terms, such as their cost-efficiency and effectiveness, this book offers an alternative explanation based on an analysis of the online self-presentations of forty-two US- and UK-based companies. PMSCs are shaping how they are perceived and establishing themselves as acceptable and legitimate security actors by eclectically appropriating identities more commonly associated with the military, businesses and humanitarian actors. Depending on their audience and clients’ needs, they can be professional hero warriors, or promise turn-key security solutions based on their exceptional expertise, or, in a similar way to humanitarians, reassure those in need of relief and try to make the world a better place. Rather than being merely public relations, the self-referential assertions of PMSCs are political. Not only do they contribute to a normalization of private security and reinforce an already ongoing blurring of lines between the public and private sectors, they also change what we deem to be ‘security’ and a ‘security actor’. This book will be of much interest to students of private military companies, critical security studies, military studies, security studies and IR.
Private Security and the Law (5th Edition)
by Charles P. Nemeth<p>Private Security and the Law, Fifth Edition, is a singular resource that provides the most comprehensive analysis of practices in the security industry with respect to law, regulation, licensure, and constitutional questions of case and statutory authority. <p>The book begins with a historical background of the security industry, laws and regulations that walks step-by-step through the analysis of the development of case law over the years as it applies to situations commonly faced by security practitioners. It describes the legal requirements faced by security firms and emphasizes the liability problems common to security operations, including negligence and tortious liability, civil actions frequently litigated, and strategies to avoid legal actions that affect business efficiency. <p>In addition, chapters examine the constitutional and due-process dimensions of private security both domestically and internationally, including recent cases and trends that are likely to intensify in the future. Updated coverage new to this edition includes developments in statutory authority, changes to state and federal processes of oversight and licensure, and special analysis of public-private cooperative relationships in law enforcement.</p>
Private Security Companies during the Iraq War: Military Performance and the Use of Deadly Force (Cass Military Studies)
by Scott FitzsimmonsThis book explores the use of deadly force by private security companies during the Iraq War. The work focuses on and compares the activities of the US companies Blackwater and Dyncorp. Despite sharing several important characteristics, such as working for the same client (the US State Department) during the same time period, the employees of Blackwater fired their weapons far more often, and killed and seriously injured far more people in Iraq than their counterparts in DynCorp. In order to explain this disparity, the book undertakes the most comprehensive analysis ever attempted on the use of violence by the employees of these firms. Based on extensive empirical research, it offers a credible explanation for this difference: Blackwater maintained a relatively bellicose military culture that placed strong emphasis on norms encouraging its personnel to exercise personal initiative, proactive use of force, and an exclusive approach to security, which, together, motivated its personnel to use violence quite freely against anyone they suspected of posing a threat. Specifically, Blackwater’s military culture motivated its personnel to fire upon suspected threats more quickly, at greater distances, and with a greater quantity of bullets, and to more readily abandon the people they shot at when compared to DynCorp’s personnel, who maintained a military culture that encouraged far less violent behaviour. Utilizing the Private Security Company Violent Incident Dataset (PSCVID), created by the author in 2012, the book draws upon data on hundreds of violent incidents involving private security personnel in Iraq to identify trends in the behaviour exhibited by the employees of different firms. Based on this rich and original empirical data, the book provides the definitive study of contemporary private security personnel in the Iraq War. This book will be of much interest to students of the Iraq War, Private Security Companies, Military Studies, War and Conflict Studies and IR in general.
Private Security Contractors and New Wars: Risk, Law, and Ethics (Contemporary Security Studies)
by Kateri CarmolaThis book addresses the ambiguities of the growing use of private security contractors and provides guidance as to how our expectations about regulating this expanding ‘service’ industry will have to be adjusted. In the warzones of Iraq and Afghanistan many of those who carry weapons are not legally combatants, nor are they protected civilians. They are contracted by governments, businesses, and NGOs to provide armed security. Often mistaken as members of armed forces, they are instead part of a new protean proxy force that works alongside the military in a multitude of shifting roles, and overseen by a matrix of contracts and regulations. This book analyzes the growing industry of these private military and security companies (PMSCs) used in warzones and other high risk areas. PMSCs are the result of a unique combination of circumstances, including a change in the idea of soldiering, insurance industry analyses that require security contractors, and a need for governments to distance themselves from potentially criminal conduct. The book argues that PMSCs are a unique type of organization, combining attributes from worlds of the military, business, and humanitarian organizations. This makes them particularly resistant to oversight. The legal status of these companies and those they employ is also hard to ascertain, which weakens the multiple regulatory tools available. PMSCs also fall between the cracks in ethical debates about their use, seeming to be both justifiable and objectionable. This transformation in military operations is a seemingly irreversible product of more general changes in the relationship between the individual citizen and the state. This book will be of much interest to students of private security companies, war and conflict studies, security studies and IR in general. Kateri Carmola is the Christian A. Johnson Professor of Political Science at Middlebury College in Vermont. She received her Ph.D. from the University of California, Berkeley.
Private Security Law: Case Studies
by David Maxwell<P>A lot has changed since we began collaborating.<P> At the time that we launched this project, most intellectual property courses were taught along particular mode of protection lines: patent law, copyright law, trademark law, and trade secret law.
Private Thoughts
by Lawrence E. DaviesIn 1941 as war with Japan appeared more and more likely, The New York Times opened its first bureau west of the Mississippi in San Francisco. It would be Lawrence E Davies’ office’ for 29 years in what many of his peers considered the best reporting assignment in the world. His beat included northern California, Nevada, Oregon, Washington, Idaho, Montana, Alaska and Hawaii. The report of his death in the New York Times indicated that the files at The Times had over four thousand articles reported with his by- line and additionally, an estimated four thousand unsigned articles. He was held in such high regard, The Times reported, that he was "called by the National Geographic Society a few years ago, a San Francisco landmark along with the Golden Gate Bridge." He had a vast acquaintance among people in all walks of life throughout the West. His private thoughts were kept quiet, even from his family. He typed each thought and placed the typed sheet in a cardboard container. Several years after his death, the container and the fascinating thoughts of the man, so well placed and sensitive to information regarding life in the U.S. during World War II, were discovered by his son Gilbert.
Private Universities in Latin America
by Gustavo Gregorutti Jorge Enrique DelgadoPrivate Universities in Latin America discusses how private universities have become and can be more proactive in supporting research, and the implications of this for future institutional and national development. After providing a historical overview of how Latin American private universities have evolved to become successful research producers, Gregorutti and Delgado analyze specific institutional reforms carried out to overcome cultural resistance to change and implementation of policies related to teaching load, productivity requirements, patent generation, technology transfer, and funding mechanisms that support and stimulate faculty research activities.
Private Virtues, Public Vices: Philanthropy and Democratic Equality
by Emma Saunders-HastingsA thought-provoking challenge to our ideas about philanthropy, marking it as a deeply political activity that allows the wealthy to dictate more than we think. Philanthropy plays a huge role in supporting the provision of many public goods in contemporary societies. As a result, decisions that affect public outcomes and people’s diverse interests are often dependent on the preferences and judgments of the rich. Political theorist Emma Saunders-Hastings argues that philanthropy is a deeply political activity. She asks readers to look at how the power wielded by philanthropy impacts democracy and deepens political inequality by enabling the wealthy to exercise outsize influence in public life and by putting in place paternalistic relationships between donors and their intended beneficiaries. If philanthropy is to be made compatible with a democratic society of equals, it must be judged not simply on the benefits it brings but on its wider political consequences. Timely and thought-provoking, Private Virtues, Public Vices will challenge readers’ thoughts on what philanthropy is and how it truly affects us.
Private Wealth and Public Revenue in Latin America
by Tasha FairfieldHow and when can democracies tax economic elites? This book develops a theoretical framework that refines and integrates the classic concepts of business's instrumental (political) power and structural (investment) power to explain the scope and fate of tax initiatives targeting economic elites in Latin America after economic liberalization. In Chile, business's multiple sources of instrumental power, including cohesion and ties to right parties, kept substantial tax increases off the agenda. In Argentina, weaker business power facilitated significant reform, although specific sectors, including finance and agriculture, occasionally had instrumental and/or structural power to defend their interests. In Bolivia, popular mobilization occasionally counterbalanced the power of economic elites, who were much stronger than in Argentina but weaker than in Chile. The book's in-depth, medium-N case analysis and close attention to policy-making processes contribute insights on business power and prospects for redistribution in unequal democracies.
Privateering and Diplomacy, 1793–1807: Great Britain, Denmark-Norway and the Question of Neutral Ports
by Atle L. WoldThis book addresses the British-Danish diplomatic debate on privateering and neutral ports in the period 1793-1807, when Denmark-Norway remained neutral in the war between Britain and France. The British government protested against the use French privateers made of Norwegian ports as bases for their attacks on the British Baltic Sea and Archangel Trades, but the Danish government insisted on keeping the ports open. This led to a running dispute on the relative rights and duties of belligerents and neutrals, but also on violations of the tentative agreement that the two governments reached in 1793. The three main chapters in the book address the principled debate on privateering and neutral ports; the central role played in the debate by the British diplomatic and consular representatives in Denmark-Norway; and privateering in practice. The final two chapters look at the impact of the Dutch change of sides in the war in 1795, and the development from the official closure of the Norwegian ports to privateers in 1799 until Denmark-Norway’s entry into the war on the side of France in 1807.
Privateers: The Stunning Sequel To Privateers (The Grand Tour #1)
by Ben BovaIn this “riveting account of the future,” America has ceded the heavens to the tyrants and the renegades—from the six-time Hugo Award–winning author (Wall Street Journal).The US has abandoned its quest for the stars, and an old enemy has moved in to fill the void. The potential wealth of the universe is now in malevolent hands. Rebel billionaire Dan Randolph—possessor of the largest privately-owned company in space—intends to weaken the stranglehold the new despotic masters of the solar system have on the lucrative ore industry. But when the mineral-rich asteroid he sets in orbit around the Earth is commandeered by the enemy, and his unarmed workers are slaughtered in cold blood, the course of Randolph’s life is changed forever.Now cataclysm is aimed at the exposed heart of America—a potential catastrophe that Randolph himself inadvertently set in motion. And the maverick entrepreneur must use his skills, cunning, and vast resources to strike out at his foes hard, fast and with ruthless precision—and wear proudly the mantle that fate thrust upon him: space pirate!“Swashbuckling action, a likeable—if macho—hero, and a down-to-the-wire plot.” —Library Journal“A solid, well-plotted tale that maintains a pleasing balance and tension between the politicking, the romancing, and the action-adventure. One of Bova’s best.” —Kirkus Reviews
The Privateers: How Billionaires Created a Culture War and Sold School Vouchers
by Josh CowenA deep-dive investigation of education privatization that reveals voucher programs as the faulty products of decades of work by wealthy patrons and influential conservatives
Privatisation in India: Journey and Challenges (Routledge Focus on Business and Management)
by Sudhir NaibThis book is a comprehensive work which incisively analyses, from a theoretically informed perspective, crucial aspects of India’s journey from partial divestiture to privatisation, accompanied by case studies of enterprises being privatised in FY 2022. Naib begins with the economic role of the state followed by theoretical and empirical evidence on the state versus private ownership in the first two chapters. Next, an overview of public sector in India including the New Public Sector Enterprise Policy for Atmanirbhar Bharat-2021 is discussed, before a broader examination of the global experience with privatisation is done. Naib then goes on to explore India’s journey from partial divestiture to privatisation from 1991 to 2021 in four time slots based on the political party in power. The book also looks at big ticket privatisation and asset monetisation proposed in FY 2022. Many criticised the design of National Monetisation Plan as it may lead to concentration of wealth, increasing inequalities, asset stripping, and consumers paying higher charges. The book closes by presenting six instances of big-ticket privatisations ranging from airlines, airports, banks, insurance, as well as industries such as petroleum and telecoms. The book’s timely data and analysis of key developments will interest researchers in the fields of divestiture and privatisation in India.
Privatisation in India: Challenging economic orthodoxy (India in the Modern World)
by T.T. Ram MohanOver the past decade India has been undertaking a programme of economic reform, and at the same time the economy has been growing at a high rate. As part of the reform programme, and in line with prevailing economic thinking, India has been privatising its large, ungainly public sector. One assumption underlying this programme is the dogma that public sector enterprises are doomed to inefficiency, and that competitive market forces can be relied on to make firms more efficient once they are privatised. But is this really true? Combining rigorous data analysis with case studies to provide a balanced evaluation of the process of deregulation and privatisation within the overall context of economic reforms, the author demonstrates, remarkably, that, contrary to the prevailing view, private sector firms do not outperform public sector firms across all sectors. He also shows that revenue-raising considerations have weighed more heavily with the government than efficiency objectives. Overall, this study of the reform process in India, with its unique longstanding mix of private and public sectors, will be of great interest to all those studying reform and transition worldwide.
Privatisation in Ireland
by D�nal Palcic Eoin ReevesThis book analyzes privatization in Ireland, a European economy that has experienced rapidly changing fortunes over the last thirty years. It examines the effects of privatization in terms of corporate performance, public finances and the distributional aspects of privatization including the impact on employment and share ownership.
The Privatisation of British Rail: How Not to Run a Railway (Routledge Studies in Accounting)
by Sean McCartney John StittleThe privatisation of the British railway industry was a unique political and economic event. An integrated industry was broken-up into numerous component parts and sold off to private sector interests. The result was a highly fragmented industry that was structurally unsound and operationally dysfunctional. This authoritative volume presents an enlightening portrait of an industry that is less efficient, more costly and still more dependent on state subsidy today than its nationalised predecessor. The nine chapters in this work present a comprehensive and rigorous evaluation of how and why the industry has become so dysfunctional and costly, supported by detailed financial analysis and industry examples. Seven chapters comprise a series of peer-reviewed academic papers by Professor McCartney and Dr Stittle and published in leading international journals over the period 2004–2017 which analyse selected key segments of the privatised industry: where appropriate, updates are provided at the end of these chapters outlining developments since initial publication relevant to the analysis therein. Two chapters are published here for the first time: Chapter 7 reviews the performance of the freight sector, while Chapter 1 ‘bookends’ the volume by providing first, an account of how rail privatisation was conceived and implemented in the 1980s/90s, and then reviews the impact of the pandemic and the proposals of the Williams-Shapps White Paper of 2021 which, if enacted, will effectively end the Major government’s experiment. Going far beyond the usual superficial analysis of the topic, this volume will be of significant interest to researchers and advanced students of accounting, economics, business history, transport studies, as well as industry and specialised business interests in transport and privatisation.
The Privatisation of Security in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq
by Twana Faris BawaKurdistan is technically a federal region of Iraq - a weak state in dire need of security sector reform. This highly topical and relevant contribution to international relations argues that its future is dependent on the private security industry to help develop and pave the way for foreign investment and even its establishment as a nation state.
Privatised Law Reform: A History Of Patent Law Through Private Legislation, 1620-1907
by Phillip JohnsonIn the history of British patent law, the role of Parliament is often side-lined. This is largely due to the raft of failed or timid attempts at patent law reform. Yet there was another way of seeking change. By the end of the nineteenth century, private legislation had become a mechanism or testing ground for more general law reforms. The evolution of the law had essentially been privatised and was handled in the committee rooms in Westminster. This is known in relation to many great industrial movements such as the creating of railways, canals and roads, or political movements such as the powers and duties of local authorities, but it has thus far been largely ignored in the development of patent law. This book addresses this shortfall and examines how private legislation played an important role in the birth of modern patent law.
Privatisering in Pakistan: Uitdagingen en respons
by Shahid Hussain RajaZonder technische termen en geschreven in een gemakkelijk te lezen taal, is dit korte boek bedoeld voor algemeen lezerspubliek, met name voor degenen die moeten weten wat er gebeurt is met de privatiserings-inspanningen in Pakistan nadat de Pakistan Muslim League in 2013, een bedrijfsvriendelijk regime, aan de macht kwamen. Dit korte e-book is een uitgebreide versie van mijn artikel "Privatisering in Pakistan" dat ik schreef kort na mijn pensionering als Federaal Secretaris van de regering van Pakistan, ministerie van privatisering in 2012. Het trok veel aandacht, wat me ertoe aanzette een volwaardig boek te schrijven over de geschiedenis van privatisering in Pakistan en andere gerelateerde kwesties, inclusief de vooruitzichten en de uitdagingen waarmee het op korte tot middellange termijn zal geconfronteerd worden. Behoefte aan privatisering Over het algemeen heeft de staat een of meer van de volgende privatiseringsdoelstellingen; 1. versterking van de privé sector. Dit was de drijfveer achter de eerste generatie van privatiseringen die in 1960 in Pakistan werd uitgevoerd, toen de staat fabrieken bouwde in strategische sectoren en deze tegen zeer nominale tarieven overdroeg aan de zakenlieden die terughoudend waren om in deze sectoren te investeren vanwege een gebrek aan vereiste middelen tot hun beschikking en hoge risico's. 2. Verbetering van de efficiëntie en dienstverlening van staatsbedrijven, al dan niet winstgevend, door het stimulerings- en beloningsmechanisme in te voeren van de privé sector die kapitaal, technologie en betere beheerspraktijken zou inbrengen. Pakistan privatiseerde het grootste deel van zijn staatsbedrijven tijdens de privatisering van de tweede generatie in de jaren tachtig en negentig. 3. Elimineren / verminderen van de enorme overheidssubsidies die worden gegeven aan staatsbedrijven die voortdurend verliezen lijden, maar die niet kunnen worden gesloten vanweg
Privatising the Public University: The Case Of Law
by Margaret ThorntonFirst Published in 2011. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.
Privatização no Paquistão: desafios e resposta
by Shahid Hussain Raja Gisely GanozaEste pequeno EBook é uma versão expandida do meu artigo "Privatização no Paquistão", que eu escrevi logo depois da minha aposentadoria como Secretário Federal do Governo do Paquistão, Ministério da Privatização em 2012. Sua publicação atraiu muita atenção, me pedindo que escrevesse um documento completo, um livro sobre a história da privatização no Paquistão e outras questões relacionadas, incluindo suas perspectivas e os desafios que enfrentará em curto e médio prazo. Desprovido de termos técnicos e escrito em um idioma fácil de ler, este pequeno livro é para leitores em geral, particularmente para aqueles que precisam saber o que está acontecendo com os esforços de privatização do Paquistão depois de entrar no poder um regime favorável às empresas, a Liga Muçulmana do Paquistão, em 2013.