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Stories of the Indian Immigrant Communities in Germany: Why Move?
by Amrita DattaThis book tells the stories of Indian immigrants in Germany, including Blue Card holders and students categorized as highly skilled migrants, as well as others choosing shadow migration pathways in order to leave the country. It investigates their motivations for leaving India and choosing Germany as an immigration destination. Grappling with the stories of tech workers fleeing the pandemic, activists fleeing the witch hunting of the government, women escaping gender(ed) violence and queer people seeking freedom, this book uses reflexivity as an analytical tool. Investigation of their transcultural practices also reveals a general intent among Indians to create homes in Germany, despite several challenges to such efforts, including structural and everyday symbolic racism.
Stories that Changed America: Muckrakers of the 20th Century
by Hugh Downs Carl JensenExuberantly written, highly informative, Jensen's Stories That Changed America examines the work of twenty-one investigative writers, and how their efforts forever changed our country. Here are the pioneering muckrakers, like Upton Sinclair, author of the fact-based novel The Jungle, that inspired Theodore Roosevelt to sign the Pure Food and Drug Act into law; "Queen of the Muckrakers" Ida Mae Tarbell, whose McClure magazine exposés led to the dissolution of Standard Oil's monopoly; and Lincoln Steffens, a reporter who unearthed corruption in both municipal and federal governments. You'll also meet Margaret Sanger, the former nurse who coined the term "birth control"; George Seldes, the most censored journalist in American history; Nobel Prize-winning novelist John Steinbeck; environmentalist Rachel Carson; National Organization of Women founder Betty Friedan; African American activist Malcolm X; consumer advocate Ralph Nader; and Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein, the Pulitzer Prize-winning reporters whose Watergate break-in coverage brought down President Richard Nixon. The courageous writers Jensen includes in this deftly researched volume dedicated their lives to fight for social, civil, political and environmental rights with their mighty pens.
Storm Center: The Supreme Court In American Politics
by David M. O'BrienIn an engaging narrative, David M. O'Brien shows how the Supreme Court is a "storm center" of political controversy, where personality, politics, law, and justice come together to help determine the course of public policy and shape American society. The Eleventh Edition features new coverage of events that have dominated the headlines, such as the battle to fill Justice Scalia's seat and the landmark decision for marriage equality in Obergefell v. Hodges, making this the most exciting edition of Storm Center yet.
Storm Front (An Alex Morgan Thriller #2)
by Leo J. MaloneyThe second installment in acclaimed Black-Ops thriller author Leo J. Maloney&’s spin-off series featuring Alex Morgan, daughter of Zeta operative Dan Morgan. STORM FRONT Ares, an insidious challenger to the Zeta group, is sowing conflict around the world, orchestrating an explosive endgame. Indentifying the next target as a cruise ship on the Coral Sea, Zeta sends undercover operatives Alex Morgan and Alicia Schmitt to avert catastrophe. Infiltrating the crew and passengers is easy for the skilled agents—but also for the fortified and highly trained extremists, who topple security and gain control of the ship. The attackers&’ demands: inconceivable. Their threats: immediate. As a massive storm bears down off the Australian coast, Alex and Alicia are outnumbered, outgunned, and out to sea. In full chaos mode, Alex shores up her last defenses, unaware that someone close to her could shift the odds in her favor—or against her. Ares has every advantage in this operation, but they have overlooked one key thing. Never underestimate a Zeta agent . . . especially one whose last name is Morgan. Praise for Leo J. Maloney and His Novels &“Utterly compelling.&” —Jeffery Deaver &“Fine writing and real insider knowledge.&” —Lee Child &“Rings with authenticity.&” —John Gilstrap &“A ripping story!&” —Meg Gardiner &“The new master of the modern spy game.&”—Mark Sullivan
Storm Lake: A Chronicle of Change, Resilience, and Hope from a Heartland Newspaper
by Art CullenFrom a 2017 Pulitzer-winning newspaperman, an unsentimental ode to America's heartland as seen in small-town Iowa--a story of reinvention and resilience, environmental and economic struggle, and surprising diversity and hope.When The Storm Lake Times, a tiny Iowa twice-weekly, won a Pulitzer Prize for taking on big corporate agri-industry for poisoning the local rivers and lake, it was a coup on many counts: a strike for the well being of a rural community; a triumph for that endangered species, a family-run rural news weekly; and a salute to the special talents of a fierce and formidable native son, Art Cullen. In this candid and timely book, Cullen describes how the rural prairies have changed dramatically over his career, as seen from the vantage point of a farming and meatpacking town of 15,000 in Northwest Iowa. Politics, agriculture, the environment, and immigration are all themes in Storm Lake, a chronicle of a resilient newspaper, as much a survivor as its town. Storm Lake's people are the book's heart: the family that swam the Mekong River to find Storm Lake; the Latina with a baby who wonders if she'll be deported from the only home she has known; the farmer who watches markets in real time and tries to manage within a relentless agriculture supply chain that seeks efficiency for cheaper pork, prepared foods, and ethanol. Storm Lake may be a community in flux, occasionally in crisis (farming isn't for the faint hearted), but one that's not disappearing--in fact, its population is growing with immigrants from Laos, Mexico, and elsewhere. Thirty languages are now spoken there, and soccer is more popular than football.Iowa plays an outsize role in national politics. Iowa introduced Barack Obama and voted bigly for Donald Trump. Is the state leaning blue, red, or purple in the lead-up to 2020? Is it a bellwether for America? A nostalgic mirage from The Music Man, or a harbinger of America's future? Cullen's answer is complicated and honest--but with optimism and the stubbornness that is still the state's, and his, dominant quality.
Storm Over the Land: A Profile of the Civil War (Civil War Library)
by Carl SandburgWritings on the American Civil War selected from the Pulitzer Prize–winning presidential biography Abraham Lincoln: The War Years, with illustrations and maps. Drawn from Carl Sandburg&’s magisterial biography of the sixteenth US president, this volume focuses in on the War Between the States, bringing the author&’s trademark clarity and vivid style to this dark and dramatic period in the nation&’s history. Moving from Sumter to Shiloh, Antietam to Gettysburg, Storm Over the Land is a classic chronicle of this bloody conflict, richly illustrated with halftones and drawings.
Storm Rising: A Thriller (A Hayley Chill Thriller #3)
by Chris HautyThis instant national bestseller leads a young intelligence operative into the depths of a dangerous white supremacy conspiracy that threatens to tear the country apart in a &“high adrenaline adventure&” (Booklist).Intelligence operative Hayley Chill is pursing the truth about her father&’s mysterious fate, which government officials seem determined to hide from her. But when she stumbles upon a ciphered document under the floorboards of her father&’s house, it becomes impossible to ignore the questions about his death. Was it suicide, or was it murder, designed to protect a deeper secret? She fears what she&’s discovered may be connected to current rumors of a dark conspiracy, one that no one will substantiate. Hayley&’s been loyal to Washington; has it been as loyal to her? With permission from her handler to probe deeper, Hayley is led into a terrifying subculture of white supremacy within the United States military. As her investigation intensifies, she uncovers an expansive conspiracy to bring about the secession of several states from the country. It&’s up to Hayley to stop a second Civil War before it starts while also confronting the ultimate truth about her father&’s harrowing deeds in this &“timely and terrifying read&” (Nick Petrie, author of The Runaway).
Storm Rising: A Thriller (A\hayley Chill Thriller Ser. #3)
by Chris Hauty'Hayley Chill is relentlessly smart and brave' KARIN SLAUGHTER, Sunday Times bestselling author Ex-White House intern Hayley Chill is in training as an MMA fighter, trying to leave her past behind her. But hard as she may try to escape it, the past finds her. Under the floorboards of her father's house, she uncovers a ciphered document titled &‘The Storm&’. More Clues lead her into the Deeper State. What begins as incidental evidence of a subculture of white supremacy within the US military emerges as a much more extensive and dire threat. Hayley&’s lonely and often violent investigative pursuit travels up a mysterious cabal&’s chain of command, leading to the revelation of a fully-realized conspiracy to break off several southern states from the US, forming a new country and one founded on white nationalist ideals. It is up to Hayley Chill alone to stop a second civil war before it starts, while at the same time revealing the ultimate truth about her own father&’s role in this harrowing chapter of American history.The new must-read Hayley Chill thriller and a political mystery for our time - perfect for fans of Gregg Hurwitz and Terry Hayes and series like The Bodyguard and Designated Survivor. Praise for Chris Hauty 'Full of twists, this one will keep you hooked to the very end' JAMES SWALLOW 'One of the most surprising double-reverse plot twists I have seen in some time' NEW YORK TIMES &‘A gripping tale of political skulduggery that is deeper than it initially appears&’ TIMES &‘Brilliantly fast-moving and absorbing… the twists just keep coming&’ SUNDAY TIMES CRIME CLUB 'The ending is a jaw-dropper' 'This is going to be THE book for 2020' 'The definition of a great political thriller&’ 'It&’s unique, fresh and the word &‘twist&’ is just not acceptable to cover what happens… SUPERB! 10/10' 'This one had great twists and turns. When I thought we were headed in one direction, it would veer off into another and I loved it'
Storm Tide: A Novel
by Marge Piercy Ira WoodA washed-up minor league pitcher gets more than he bargained for when his affair with an older woman draws him into a tangled web of deceit and scandal When Cape Cod high school star pitcher David Greene left home, everyone in his small beach town rallied behind his dream of making it in the pros. No one expected the local legend to return broke a few years later, with an undistinguished minor league record and a painful divorce behind him. As he tries to rebuild his life, David begins an affair with Judith Silver—one that her much older, terminally ill husband, Gordon, condones on the condition that David run for a seat on the town&’s board of selectman against Gordon&’s political rival. Set in a lushly drawn seaside resort town, this thrilling novel pushes its complicated and fascinating characters to extremes of emotion. Driven by passion and a lust for power, David, Judith, and Gordon are all guilty of seduction and manipulation that will result in irrevocable consequences. As David&’s romantic and political involvements escalate at a fever pitch, a forceful storm rolls in off the ocean, leading up to a tumultuous climax.
Storm in My Heart
by Helene MinkinPartner of one of the most infamous anarchists of her time, Johann Most, Helene Minkin joined the anarchist movement after emigrating from Russia in 1888 with her father and sister. Framed as a reaction and corrective to Emma Goldman's Living My Life, Minkin's memoir provides a unique account of turn-of-the-century anarchism and immigrant life in the United States. Published in the Yiddish-language newspaper Forverts in 1932, this is its first English translation. Tom Goyens teaches American history at Salisbury University in Maryland. He is the author of Beer and Revolution: The German Anarchist Movement in New York City, 1880–1914.
Storm in the Desert: Britain's Intervention in Libya and the Arab Spring
by Mark Muller StuartA &“densely packed and invigorating account&” of the diplomatic and political approaches prescribed during the Libyan revolution and the Benghazi attack (The Herald). In this remarkable book, Mark Muller tells the story of British intervention in Libya and the Arab Spring from a unique civil society standpoint: he was there in Benghazi two weeks after the UN No-Fly Zone Resolution was passed, meeting with Rebel leaders to discuss how Western civil society might help them stabilize the country and resolve difficult legacy issues such as victim claims over Lockerbie and the supply of IRA Semtex. In an age when Western governments have become risk averse and distrusted in the Middle East, Muller documents how non-state mediators, non-governmental organizations, journalists, artists and like-minded diplomats, such as assassinated US Ambassador Chris Stevens, explore ways to support democratic movements and promote human rights in one of the world&’s most turbulent regions. Storm in the Desert describes a dramatic story of revolution and also the murky but sometimes inspiring role successive British governments have played in trying to contain conflict in the region. It gives a unique insight into the world of diplomacy and power politics and the way they impact upon ordinary human lives, suggesting that it is civil society not government that ultimately stabilizes countries and unearths the truth about conflict and the ill-treatment of civilians at the hand of state forces.
Storming Caesars Palace: How Black Mothers Fought Their Own War on Poverty
by Annelise OrleckIn Storming Caesars Palace, historian Annelise Orleck tells the compelling story of how a group of welfare mothers built one of this country's most successful antipoverty programs. Declaring "We can do it and do it better," these women proved that poor mothers are the real experts on poverty. In 1972 they founded Operation Life, which was responsible for many firsts for the poor in Las Vegas-the first library, medical center, daycare center, job training, and senior citizen housing. By the late 1970s, Operation Life was bringing millions of dollars into the community. These women became influential in Washington, DC-respected and listened to by political heavyweights such as Daniel Patrick Moynihan, Ted Kennedy, and Jimmy Carter. Though they lost their funding with the country's move toward conservatism in the 1980s, their struggles and phenomenal triumphs still stand as a critical lesson about what can be achieved when those on welfare chart their own course.
Storming the Gates of Paradise: Landscapes for Politics
by Rebecca SolnitStorming the Gates of Paradise gathers together nearly forty essays whose common ground is a concern with place, geography, land, environment, and an interest in reading them politically-- and in understanding politics through place.
Storming the Gates of Paradise: Landscapes for Politics
by Rebecca SolnitRebecca Solnit has made a vocation of journeying into difficult territory and reporting back, as an environmentalist, anti-globalization activist, and public intellectual. Storming the Gates of Paradise, an anthology of her essential essays from the past ten years, takes the reader from the Pyrenees to the U.S.--Mexican border, from San Francisco to London, from open sky to the deepest mines, and from the antislavery struggles of two hundred years ago to today's street protests. The nearly forty essays collected here comprise a unique guidebook to the American landscape after the millennium--not just the deserts, skies, gardens, and wilderness areas that have long made up Solnit's subject matter, but the social landscape of democracy and repression, of borders, ruins, and protests. She ventures into territories as dark as prison and as sublime as a broad vista, revealing beauty in the harshest landscape and political struggle in the most apparently serene view. Her introduction sets the tone and the book's overarching themes as she describes Thoreau, leaving the jail cell where he had been confined for refusing to pay war taxes and proceeding directly to his favorite huckleberry patch. In this way she links pleasure to politics, brilliantly demonstrating that the path to paradise has often run through prison. These startling insights on current affairs, politics, culture, and history, always expressed in Solnit's pellucid and graceful prose, constantly revise our views of the otherwise ordinary and familiar. Illustrated throughout, Storming the Gates of Paradise represents recent developments in Solnit's thinking and offers the reader a panoramic world view enriched by her characteristically provocative, inspiring, and hopeful observations.
Storming the Ivory Tower: How a Florida College Became Ground Zero in the Struggle to Take Back Our Campuses
by Richard CorcoranA firsthand account of how Richard Corcoran, former education commissioner of Florida, successfully took on powerful progressive interest groups, broke their monopoly, and paved the way for higher education reform across America.Covid alerted the nation to the reality that K-12 schools—private and public alike—were infested with ideologues bent on indoctrinating children. Then, three years after the beginning of the pandemic, the shocking response to Hamas&’s genocidal assault on Israel made Americans aware that the same tumor had wholly sickened our country&’s colleges and universities. Now, conservatives—and increasingly, moderates and old-school liberals—want to know exactly how the radical left captured higher education. Florida has been the vanguard in the war to restore sanity to higher education. And Richard Corcoran has been one of its commanding generals—and racking up wins. When Corcoran was Florida&’s education commissioner, he was the point person for reopening schools and banning mask mandates. He triumphed. Then, he was given a herculean task: remaking a college overrun by radicalism and cancel culture. In 2023, he moved into the president&’s office in Sarasota, took on a campus mob, and challenged a media firestorm. Just a year later, Corcoran achieved the seemingly impossible. He turned around New College of Florida. Now, free speech is protected. Violence and anti-Semitism are abolished. DEI bureaucracy is eliminated. And, already, enrollment records are being broken. Storming the Ivory Tower is the story of how Corcoran is winning the fight for freedom in hostile territory, and how others can join the battle.
Storming the World Stage: The Story of Lashkar-e-taiba
by Stephen TankelLashkar-e-Taiba is among the most powerful militants groups in South Asia and increasingly viewed as a global terrorist threat on par with al-Qaeda. Considered Pakistan's most powerful proxy against India, the group gained public prominence after its deadly ten-person suicide assault on Mumbai in November 2008. By the time the last Lashkar terrorist was dead after nearly 60 hours, it appeared the world was facing a new menace. Boasting transnational networks stretching across several continents, there has been serious debate since 9/11 of whether Lashkar is an al-Qaeda affiliate. The deliberate targeting of Westerners and Jews during the Mumbai attacks raised questions about whether Lashkar was moving deeper into al-Qaeda's orbit and perhaps on a trajectory to displace Osama bin Laden's network as the next major global jihadi threat. Lashkar's expansion has serious security implications for India, Pakistan, Europe and the United States and its activities threaten to damage US-Pakistan relations. Despite growing calls for action, Pakistan is yet to take any serious steps toward dismantling Lashkar for fear of drawing it further into the insurgency raging there and because of its continued utility against India. More than a militant outfit, Lashkar also controls a vast infrastructure that delivers necessary social services to the Pakistani populace, making it all the more difficult to dismantle. Storming the World Stage traces the evolution of Lashkar-e-Taiba over more than two decades to illustrate how the group grew so powerful and to assess the threat it poses to India, the West and to Pakistan itself. The first English-language book ever written about Lashkar, it draws on in-depth field research, including interviews with senior Lashkar leaders, rank-and-file members, and officials of the Pakistani security services--some of who have helped nurture the group over the years.
Stormy Weather: Pagan Cosmologies, Christian Times, Climate Wreckage
by William E. ConnollyComposed as a counter-history of western philosophical and political thought, Stormy Weather explores the role western cosmologies have played in the conquests of paganism in Europe and the Americas, the production of climate wreckage, and the concealment of that wreckage from western humanists and earth scientists until late in the day. A lived cosmology, Connolly says, contains embedded understandings about the beginnings of the earth and the way time unfolds. The text engages the major western cosmologies of Augustine, Descartes, Kant, Tocqueville, together with pagan and minor western orientations that posed challenges to them or could have. Hesiod, Ovid, William Apess, Amazonian and Aztec cosmologies, Catherine Keller’s minor Christianity, James Baldwin, and Michel Serres instigate key responses, often challenging binary logics and the subject/object dichotomy with a world of multiple human and nonhuman subjectivities. Connolly pursues a conception of time as a multiplicity of intersecting temporalities to come to terms with the vicissitudes of climate destruction and the grandeur of an earth neither highly susceptible to mastery nor designed to harmonize smoothly with humans. The book revisits the “improbable necessity” of a politics of swarming to respond to the ongoing wreckage and potential fascist responses to vast infusions of climate refugees from the south into temperate-zone capitalist states. Stormy Weather draws on the work of earth scientists, indigenous thinkers, naturalists, humanists, and students of nonwestern cosmologies. Ultimately, Connolly contends that critical intellectuals today must not remain enclosed in disciplinary silos, or even in “the humanities” as currently defined, to do justice to our moment of climate wreckage.
Story Tech: Power, Storytelling, and Social Change Advocacy
by Ariadne Vromen Michael Vaughan Filippo TrevisanPersonal stories have the power to stir the heart, compel us to act, and spark social change. While advocacy organizations have long used storytelling in campaigns, the role technology plays has increased. Today, invitations to “share your story” are widespread on advocacy organizations and political campaign websites, calls to action, and social media pages. But what happens after one clicks “share”? And how does this affect which voices we hear—and which we don’t—in public discourse? Story Tech explores the increasingly influential impact of technologies—such as databases, algorithms, and digital story banks—that are usually invisible to the public. It shows that hidden “story tech” enables political organizations to treat stories as data that can be queried for storylines and used to intervene in news and information cycles in real time. In particular, the authors review successful story-centered campaigns that helped change dominant narratives on disability rights, marriage equality, and essential workers’ rights in the United States and Australia. They compare the use of storytelling advocacy across different types of organizations including volunteer grassroots groups, large national advocacy coalitions, and trade unions, and examine how trends differ for storytellers, organizers, and their technology partners. As political stories shift to being “on demand,” they reshape power relationships in key public debates in ways that produce moments of tension as well as positive narrative change. Story Tech examines these trends and illustrates how storytelling success can—and should—be achieved in conjunction with personal dignity, privacy, and empowerment for storytellers and their communities, particularly marginalized ones.
Storying Pedagogy as Critical Praxis in the Neoliberal University: Encounters and Disruptions (Rethinking Higher Education)
by Mark Vicars Ligia PelosiThis book examines how teaching and learning and teacher and student identities are being reframed in higher education by neoliberal policies and practices. It shares how teachers perform teaching and learning duties in relation to prescribed institutional policies and how teachers insert dissonant pedagogies as a critical practice.The book explores narrative pedagogy as a disruptive presence and a space for critique. It interrogates personal/professional experience of educational systems that present educators juggling complexity and meeting competing demands to make learning meaningful for students. Each contribution will act as a counterpoint and provide a synoptic method for comparison. The book re-constructs meaning from the generic narrative of the public face of education, which homogenizes and diminishes collective understandings of teachers and teaching. This book provides a contemporary account of the social realities experienced within the higher education classroom across the globe.
Storying Social Movement/s (Palgrave Studies in Movement across Education, the Arts and the Social Sciences)
by Tracey Bunda Louise Gwenneth PhillipsThis book stories social movements on the margins. Foregrounding historically silenced, dismissed and ignored Aboriginal, young, voiceless, and intersex Australian activists, the book theorizes how movement away from exclusionary praxis at the margins can offer renewed hope. Using diverse and creative forms of research underpinned by storying, social movement and critical race theoretical knowledge with a commitment to social justice, this book will be of interest and value to scholars of cultural studies, Indigenous studies, education, human geography, political sciences, and sociology.
Storyteller
by Edward MyersJack, a seventeen-year-old storyteller, goes to the royal city seeking his fortune and soon attracts the attention of the grief-stricken king, his beautiful eldest daughter, and his cruel young son.
Storytelling Against Extremism: Advancing Theory and Practice of Digital Narrative Campaigns against Extremism (Studien des Leibniz-Instituts für Friedens- und Konfliktforschung)
by Linda SchlegelCounter- and alternative narrative (CAN) campaigns have become a widely used tool in contemporary efforts to prevent and/or counter (violent) extremism (P/CVE). However, one element is conspicuously absent from the discourse: There is little engagement with CANs as narratives and neither CAN theory nor practice are based on existing research findings on narrative persuasion processes. This is a crucial gap in the current CAN approach. Not situating CANs within the broader discourse on narrative persuasion and drawing from the insights narrative persuasion studies offer significantly weakens the theoretical foundation, practical development, (storytelling) quality, and analysis of CAN campaigns. This book addresses this research gap and transfers concepts, theories, and insights from narrative persuasion and storytelling research to the context of P/CVE narrative campaigns. The author demonstrates that the often-criticized CAN approach can be improved significantly by understanding CANs as narrative persuasion campaigns and grounding them in existing research detailing how to tell entertaining and persuasive stories.
Storytelling Globalization from the Chaco and Beyond
by Mario BlaserFor more than fifteen years, Mario Blaser has been involved with the Yshiro people of the Paraguayan Chaco as they have sought to maintain their world in the face of conservation and development programs promoted by the state and various nongovernmental organizations. In this ethnography of the encounter between modernizing visions of development, the place-based "life projects" of the Yshiro, and the agendas of scholars and activists, Blaser argues for an understanding of the political mobilization of the Yshiro and other indigenous peoples as part of a struggle to make the global age hospitable to a "pluriverse" containing multiple worlds or realities. As he explains, most knowledge about the Yshiro produced by non-indigenous "experts" has been based on modern Cartesian dualisms separating subject and object, mind and body, and nature and culture. Such thinking differs profoundly from the relational ontology enacted by the Yshiro and other indigenous peoples. Attentive to people's unique experiences of place and self, the Yshiro reject universal knowledge claims, unlike Western modernity, which assumes the existence of a universal reality and refuses the existence of other ontologies or realities. In Storytelling Globalization from the Chaco and Beyond, Blaser engages in storytelling as a knowledge practice grounded in a relational ontology and attuned to the ongoing struggle for a pluriversal globality.
Storytelling: Bewitching the Modern Mind
by Christian SalmonPolitics, as currently practiced, is no longer the art of the possible, but the art of the fictive. Its aim is not to change the world as it exists, but to affect the way it is perceived. This is the subject of Christian Salmon's Storytelling, which looks at how the creative imagination has been hijacked in the twenty-first century. Salmon anatomizes the timeless human desire for narrative form and how it is abused in the marketing mechanisms behind politicians and products: luxury brands trade on their embellished histories, managers tell stories to motivate employees, soldiers in Iraq train on computer games conceived in Hollywood, and spin doctors construct political lives as if they were a folk epic. Salmon unveils the workings of a "storytelling machine" more effective and insidious as a means of oppression than anything dreamed up by Orwell. The "reality-based community"--to use a phrase coined by an aide to George W. Bush--is now regularly outmaneuvered by public relations gurus and political advisers, as they construct story arcs for a population that has come to expect them.