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Strategic Instincts: The Adaptive Advantages of Cognitive Biases in International Politics (Princeton Studies in International History and Politics #172)
by Dominic D. Johnson"A very timely book."—Anne-Marie Slaughter, CEO of New AmericaHow cognitive biases can guide good decision making in politics and international relationsA widespread assumption in political science and international relations is that cognitive biases—quirks of the brain we all share as human beings—are detrimental and responsible for policy failures, disasters, and wars. In Strategic Instincts, Dominic Johnson challenges this assumption, explaining that these nonrational behaviors can actually support favorable results in international politics and contribute to political and strategic success. By studying past examples, he considers the ways that cognitive biases act as “strategic instincts,” lending a competitive edge in policy decisions, especially under conditions of unpredictability and imperfect information.Drawing from evolutionary theory and behavioral sciences, Johnson looks at three influential cognitive biases—overconfidence, the fundamental attribution error, and in-group/out-group bias. He then examines the advantageous as well as the detrimental effects of these biases through historical case studies of the American Revolution, the Munich Crisis, and the Pacific campaign in World War II. He acknowledges the dark side of biases—when confidence becomes hubris, when attribution errors become paranoia, and when group bias becomes prejudice. Ultimately, Johnson makes a case for a more nuanced understanding of the causes and consequences of cognitive biases and argues that in the complex world of international relations, strategic instincts can, in the right context, guide better performance.Strategic Instincts shows how an evolutionary perspective can offer the crucial next step in bringing psychological insights to bear on foundational questions in international politics.
Strategic Integrated Program Delivery: Learning from the Level Crossing Removal Project
by Mark Betts Walker, Derek H.T. Love, Peter E.D.This book outlines a cutting-edge form of program delivery which the authors term SIP-Form or Strategic Integrated Program delivery. Using the Melbourne Level Crossing Removal Program (LXRP), consisting of the removal of 85 dangerous level crossings throughout metropolitan Melbourne, including rail station upgrades, signalling and track work, and other associated capital works, as an exemplar, the book sets out four features that the authors argue define the SIP-form concept as follows: The organisation delivers a program of projects, many using an IPD contract variant form such as a Project Alliance Agreement (PAA) in Australia and numerous other countries, or the Integrated Form of Agreement (IFoA) in North America The contract form adopted is used and has been strategically designed to accommodate the project’s risk and uncertainty profile, as is the case with the LXRP Projects within the program are integrated with some being concurrently delivered with coordination across the projects in a coherent and highly purposeful manner. Projects are not included that do not strategically fit the overall program delivery strategy There is a strategy for learning and innovation diffusion across projects, concurrently and sequentially. Lessons to be learned are learned through designed-in governance mechanisms The LXRP is a potentially unique program of projects, and the book takes the reader on a journey through this complex program and after giving the background and relevant context covers topics such as strategy, governance, procurement, collaboration, program alliance, HRM, leadership, digital innovation, continuous improvement, community engagement, and performance measurement. This detailed analysis of such a complex program of projects makes this book essential reading for project managers, engineers, and advanced students of project delivery and management.
Strategic Intelligence and Civil Affairs to Understand Legitimacy and Insurgency: Avoiding the Stabilization Trap
by Diane E. ChidoThis book describes the common pitfalls of U.S. military interventions in efforts at stabilization, which supports post-conflict societies by establishing stable governance, rule of law, a safe and secure environment, economic development and social well-being for all members of the population. These efforts are often unsuccessful and can even cause harm when mission teams do not understand both the populations with whom they are engaging and policymakers. The book recommends prioritizing a relational approach to stabilization with a professional and well-resourced Civil Affairs and strategic intelligence approach to engagements over the current preference for transactional, often lethal operations.
Strategic Intelligence for American National Security: Updated Edition
by Bruce D. Berkowitz Allan E. GoodmanBruce Berkowitz and Allan Goodman draw on historical analysis, interviews, and their own professional experience in the intelligence community to provide an evaluation of U.S. strategic intelligence.
Strategic Interaction Between Islamist Terror Groups: A Game Theoretic Approach (SpringerBriefs in Economics)
by Nina IsmaelThis book applies game theory to the phenomenon of terrorism and investigates how the competition for support can influence the attack behavior of terror organizations. In addition, it examines the economics of terrorism. The so-called outbidding theory, which has become increasingly popular within the field of terrorism research, argues that terror groups vying for resources will engage in more and more violence to demonstrate their capabilities and commitment to their cause. This book challenges the outbidding concept by providing a game-theoretical analysis, which shows that a contest between two terror groups can be interpreted as a race for support. This interpretation may help explain why major attacks occur at all: not as a result of outbidding, but as a result of losing the race. In addition, the author shows that rivalry between terror groups does not necessarily lead to more attacks, but can result in less terrorism due to an increased probability of attack failure induced by the race. Lastly, the model is applied to the rivalry between al-Qaeda and Daesh, elaborated on with empirical evidence. Given its scope, the book is a must read for researches and scholars working in the fields of economics, politics, the social sciences, and military history, as well as military and political decision-makers and authorities working in the field of risk management.
Strategic Interactions between an Independent Central Bank and a Myopic Government with Government Debt
by Sven Jari Stehn David VinesA report from the International Monetary Fund.
Strategic Interests in the Middle East: Opposition or Support for US Foreign Policy
by Jack CovarrubiasAs a cultural centre for Islamic interests across the world and as a focus point for increasing levels of economic and security interdependence, the Middle East remains a stage on which international politics will be played for the foreseeable future. This comprehensive study looks at the important international and regional actors and their interaction with, and reaction to, US foreign policy toward the region. The volume elucidates the trends in great power interest and interaction in the Middle East and studies the impact of the United States as the region's foremost military power. It highlights the changing nature of actors' relationships with the US and each other as their interests and policies evolve in response to changes in the region. Scholars, graduate and undergraduate students and the interested public will find this volume a useful guide and an ideal companion work for courses on the Middle East, US foreign policy and international security issues.
Strategic Leadership in Social Work Education
by Marie Connolly Charlotte Williams Darla Spence CoffeySocial work leaders constantly strive to incorporate cutting-edge research and promote international collaboration in a dynamic contemporary environment. To address these ongoing concerns, this unique book focuses specifically on strategic leadership, asking critical questions about change-making, political strategy, and the opportunities that present themselves to lead new directions in social work education. Among the topics covered: Disruptive agendas and research dialogues in social work education Diversity leadership and perspectives beyond the mainstream The role of international bodies in advancing social work education Intellectual leadership and anticipating future advances in teaching strategies Democratising social work education Collaborative leadership models Strategic Leadership in Social Work Education examines the ability of social work to shape futures through education, training, and effective leadership, and suggests strategies for advancing responsible social work education in order to best meet tomorrow’s needs and aspirations.
Strategic Leadership of Change in Higher Education: What's New?
by Stephanie MarshallThe fully updated third edition of Strategic Leadership of Change in Higher Education provides a clear overview of the basic principles of effective leadership and management of change, and assists strategic leaders to better contextualise – both globally and more locally – the external environment in which they are operating.It provides case studies and stories from exemplary globally strategic leaders who have led their universities through the complexities of the pandemic, have come out the other side stronger and more resilient, and who continue to adapt. This third edition has been updated with consideration of the significant changes in global factors, including the pandemic; it: Reflects on the ways in which the pandemic was a watershed moment for higher education institutions Reassesses the environment in which universities operate today, facing demanding higher education policy and regulation, tough financial circumstances and unabating technological developments Re-examines the insights and initiatives from the second edition, asking how changes in our collective conscience and knowledge are reflected in our ways of working and execution of change Includes a concluding ‘Looking Forward' section, integrating and distilling the diverse approaches of successful leaders, offering narratives on how to navigate the rapidly changing landscape with reflective action This key title is crucial reading for all those involved in leadership and management positions in higher education. With an emphasis on principles of strategic and contextual thinking and problem-solving, alongside a strong commitment to shared values as key ingredients to the success of strategic leaders, this book provides expert commentary and global insights. This cutting-edge text will continue to provide higher education leaders and managers with insights against which to benchmark their approaches, supporting them to stay ahead of the curve.This book is dedicated to all those value-led higher educational strategic leaders around the globe, who continue to inspire full engagement in transforming universities for the ultimate betterment of society.
Strategic Logic and Political Rationality: Essays in Honor of Michael I. Handel
by Bradford A. Lee Karl F. WallingOne of three volumes in honour of the teaching and scholarship of the late Michael I. Handel, this book details the universal logic of strategy and the ability of liberal-democratic governments to address this logic rationally.Treating war as an extension of politics, the diverse contributors (drawn from the United States, the United Kingdom, Australia and Israel) explore the difficulties in matching strategy to policy, especially in free societies.
Strategic Management During a Pandemic (Routledge Research in Strategic Management)
by Vikas KumarThe COVID-19 pandemic changed world dynamics, working scenarios, as well as professional and emotional dimensions. The virus has emerged as a significant threat for the continuity of business. Keeping the gravity of the problem in mind, companies must understand the need for change and must now update their strategy to account for pandemics. The next pandemic may be more severe than the current one, meaning that organizations need to devise mechanisms and business models to fight with these situations and maintain business continuity. They should not only look forward to saving plants, machinery and infrastructure, but also concentrate on employee welfare, customer engagement and satisfaction during this crisis time. The book will not only present the evidence of various effective solutions to run a business in the time of a pandemic, but also put forward the new models and practices of business being followed by people at the time of crisis. It aims to create a bridge between existing business models and proposed business solutions, focusing on existing theories and most importantly case studies from recent happenings. This rich collection of chapters will provide insights regarding the business challenges, opportunities and practices during pandemic situations like COVID-19, making it particularly valuable to researchers, academics and students in the fields of strategic management, leadership and disaster management.
Strategic Management and Governance: Strategy Execution Around the World (Routledge Critical Studies in Public Management)
by Paul JoyceThis book is an investigation into the evolving nature and consequences of strategic management in public governance. It is prompted by the practical as well as the academic interest in the application of strategic management to public governance and to the public sector. The main features of this book are its management focus, its use of published statistics and expert ratings to develop empirical insights into the capabilities and processes of strategic management in government, and its concern for practical relevance. Although this book deals with governments, it is a management book and not a political book. It is, in fact, a management book that "frames" strategic management in government as a tool of (or enabler of) the public governance process. This is relatively novel. The book’s management focus has several themes, which can be summed up as comprising: the use by government of long-term strategic visions and strategies, effective management of the delivery of strategic visions and strategies, the performance of national governments, and the implications of strategic state capabilities for the quality of public services, for sustainability, and for managing strategic crises. This book will be relevant reading to researchers, scholars, advanced students, policy makers and public administrators in the fields of strategy, strategic management, and public governance.
Strategic Management and Public Service Performance
by Richard M. Walker George A. Boyne Rhys Andrews Jennifer LawStrategic management makes a difference to the performance of public organizations. This book demonstrates that the most appropriate response is 'it all depends': on which aspects of strategy content and processes are pursued together, and how these are combined with organizational structure and the technical and institutional environment
Strategic Management for Public Governance in Europe
by Paul Joyce Anne DrumauxThis book investigates the role and effectiveness of strategic management within public governance in Europe. Using findings from qualitative studies, it explores the governance processes at the level of the European Union as a supranational institution, and the level of national governments. It presents empirical research that reveals fresh insights into the extent to which the public, effective government, and desirable societies are interrelated in individual Member States. Further, it enables the authors to critically analyse and develop the concept of the 'Strategic State', and to introduce the idea of 'credible government' that lays out a pathway to effective governance. This book argues for the need to develop more effective multi-level governance that combines unity of strategic purpose at the European level with strategic leadership and mobilisation at the national level. It will appeal to practitioners in addition to scholars in the fields of public policy, public management and European Union studies.
Strategic Management for Public and Nonprofit Organizations (Public Administration and Public Policy)
by RoutledgeThe central resource for process improvement and innovation, this book includes valuable techniques to identify and improve organizational processes, as well as manage the change that accompanies implementation. Strategic Management for Public and Nonprofit Organizations discusses SWOT analysis, TQM, systematic innovation, Six Sigma, quality function deployment, process mapping, gap analysis, and activity based costing. With helpful references to secondary sources and a comprehensive glossary, this text will benefit public administrators, financial managers, public planners, investment managers, policy analysts, and public policy specialists, and upper-level undergraduate and graduate students in these disciplines.
Strategic Management in Public Organizations: European Practices and Perspectives (Routledge Critical Studies in Public Management #20)
by Paul Joyce Anne DrumauxStrategic Management in Public Organizations: European Practices and Perspectives offers the first wide-ranging survey and assessment of strategic management practices at various levels of government and public service in European countries. It shows that strategic management is much more than a management tool imported from the private sector - it has become a key element of public management reforms, and European governments at all levels are developing ‘strategic state’ characteristics. Written by leading European experts on strategic management in the public sector and in government, this book presents evaluations and analysis based on empirical investigations. The book covers strategic management at different levels of government, explore the roles of different players, and incorporate theory and practice, with opening and concluding chapters by the editors that provide an overview of strategic management in the public services and a cross-societal discussion of practices, reforms, and lessons. It reflects not only developments in strategic management practices in the European public sector, but also the increasing importance of strategic capabilities for the modernization of public governance. This book is ideal for students in postgraduate management courses (MPA, MSc, or MBA) in Europe and elsewhere.
Strategic Management in Public Services Organizations: Concepts, Schools and Contemporary Issues
by Ewan Ferlie Edoardo OngaroStrategic Management in Public Services Organizations sets out to connect the two traditionally disparate academic literatures of public management and strategic management. The authors argue that some models of strategic management are now of enhanced relevance for contemporary public services organizations, especially when considering successive New Public Management reforms. This observation has important consequences for the requisite work practices, skills and knowledge bases of current public managers, as they are increasingly being asked to act as strategic as well as operational managers. Strategic Management in Public Services Organizations takes a strongly comparative and international perspective in addressing the fundamental issue of strategic management within diverse public administrative traditions. The impact of strategic management on the performance of public agencies is examined and it is argued that the appropriate use of strategic management models depends on the politico-administrative and cultural contexts of the public services organization in question, concluding that there is no single best way to strategically lead public organisations. This is an advanced textbook aimed at the postgraduate level, particularly students on MPAs and MBAs with a public sector option or MScs in Public Policy and Public Management.
Strategic Management in Public Services Organizations: Concepts, Schools and Contemporary Issues
by Ewan Ferlie Edoardo OngaroStrategic Management in Public Services Organizations takes a comparative and international view on the appropriate use of strategic management models that are affecting the way public services organizations are managed. In an era of New and post New Public Management reforms, public managers at all levels are expected to respond to these new approaches, which profoundly affect their work practices, skills, and knowledge bases. Choosing a promising strategic management model and implementing it in a way that works for the organization or inter-organizational network in question also depends on an understanding of local politico-administrative and cultural contexts: this book helps the readers identify how to successfully tailor strategic management approaches to their specific circumstances and needs. This second edition builds upon the successes of the well-received first edition. Thoroughly updated to help public managers meet the challenges of a new decade, it has a refreshed collection of mini-cases and now includes chapter summaries. It also includes a new chapter on collaborative strategy and co-creation, in response to the growth of interest in more open forms of public policymaking. This is an advanced textbook aimed at the postgraduate level, particularly students on MPAs and MBAs with a public sector option or MScs in public policy and public management.
Strategic Management in the Public Sector (Masters in Public Management)
by Paul JoyceStrategic management is widely seen as essential to the public services, leading to better performance and better outcomes for the public. In fact, the private sector idea of strategic management has become so powerful in the public sector that politicians and policy makers have begun to talk about the importance of the modern state being strategic – and we may be witnessing the emergence of the Strategic State. Strategic Management for the Public Sector draws on experience and research from a range of countries and provides a theoretical understanding of strategic management that is grounded in the public sector. Drawing on the latest theory and research this text provides a fresh look at foresight, analysis, strategic choice, implementation and evaluation. This book also offers original and detailed case studies based on up to date evidence from different public sector settings, helping the reader to build on their understanding of theories and concepts presented earlier in the book. Strategic Management for the Public Sector has been written specially for managers and students taking postgraduate courses such as MBAs and MPAs. It will also appeal to individual managers and civil servants in the public sector looking for an accessible book to read as part of their own independent personal development.
Strategic Management of the Transition to Public Sector Co-Creation
by Jacob Torfing, Ewan Ferlie, Tina Jukić and Edoardo OngaroAs the practices of public governance are rapidly changing, so must the theoretical frameworks for understanding the creation of efficient, effective and democratic governance solutions. First published as a special issue of Policy & Politics journal, this book explores the role of strategic management, digitalisation and generative platforms in encouraging the co-creation of innovative public value outcomes. It considers why we must transform the public sector to drive co-creation and the importance of integrating different theoretical strands when studying processes, barriers and outcomes. This book lays out important stepping-stones for the development of new research into the ongoing transition to co-creation as a mode of governance.
Strategic Minilateralism and the Regional Security Architecture of the Indo-Pacific: The Quad, AUKUS, and the Trilateral Strategic Dialogue
by Thomas S. WilkinsThis book presents research on minilateralism; a major new trend within the security architecture of the Indo-Pacific region that commands attention. It specifically focuses on the predominant sub-category of &“strategic minilaterals&” – exclusive small-group configurations of major powers driven by the imperatives of strategic competition in a bid to reshape the regional order. In a deteriorating Indo-Pacific security environment, a greater understanding of this phenomenon across its conceptual and applied dimensions is a priority for scholars and practitioners. The book first accounts for the rise of strategic minilateralism as a response to strategic competition in the Indo-Pacific theatre. It then positions the resurgent phenomenon of minilateralism alongside multilateral organisations, military alliances, and strategic partnerships within a three-layer taxonomical model that captures the changing nature of the security architecture in the Indo-Pacific. Following this, it generates a dedicated analytical framework for addressing the focal questions appertaining to &“strategic minilaterals&”, patterned around their design, functionality, and future solvency. The framework is then applied to probe the inner workings of the Quad, AUKUS, and US-Japan Australia Trilateral Strategic Dialogue (TSD) to evaluate their relative strengths and weaknesses as instruments of strategic competition. The book&’s distinctive contribution is to codify and conceptually substantiate strategic minilaterals as a significant new form of security alignment and situate them within their multiple external and internal operating contexts.
Strategic Narratives, Ontological Security and Global Policy: Responses to China’s Belt and Road Initiative (Palgrave Studies in International Relations)
by Thomas Colley Carolijn van NoortStrategic Narratives, Ontological Security and Global Policy provides a pathbreaking account of why some states successfully convince others to join their policy initiatives, and why others fail. Examining China’s Belt and Road Initiative and COVID-19, Thomas Colley and Carolijn van Noort argue that strategic narratives can help persuade states to join global policy initiatives if they convincingly promise audiences material gain while avoiding undermining their ontological security. They make their case by analysing eight diverse countries: India, Italy, Kazakhstan, Mexico, the Maldives, the Netherlands, the UK and the USA. Theoretically novel and global in scope, this book provides a compelling explanation of how strategic narratives can help achieve the global policy coordination needed to confront vital challenges in contemporary international relations. The proposed strategic narrative buy-in framework is applicable to many global policy issues, be it promoting trade and infrastructure projects, mitigating climate change or managing pandemics.
Strategic Narratives, Public Opinion and War: Winning domestic support for the Afghan War (Contemporary Security Studies)
by Beatrice De Graaf Jens Ringsmose George DimitriuThis volume explores the way governments endeavoured to build and maintain public support for the war in Afghanistan, combining new insights on the effects of strategic narratives with an exhaustive series of case studies. In contemporary wars, with public opinion impacting heavily on outcomes, strategic narratives provide a grid for interpreting the why, what and how of the conflict. This book asks how public support for the deployment of military troops to Afghanistan was garnered, sustained or lost in thirteen contributing nations. Public attitudes in the US, Canada, Australia and Europe towards the use of military force were greatly shaped by the cohesiveness and content of the strategic narratives employed by national policy-makers. Assessing the ability of countries to craft a successful strategic narrative, the book addresses the following key areas: 1) how governments employ strategic narratives to gain public support; 2) how strategic narratives develop during the course of the conflict; 3) how these narratives are disseminated, framed and perceived through various media outlets; 4) how domestic audiences respond to strategic narratives; 5) how this interplay is conditioned by both events on the ground, in Afghanistan, and by structural elements of the domestic political systems. This book will be of much interest to students of international intervention, foreign policy, political communication, international security, strategic studies and IR in general.
Strategic Narratives: Communication Power and the New World Order (Routledge Studies in Global Information, Politics and Society)
by Laura Roselle Alister Miskimmon Ben O'LoughlinCommunication is central to how we understand international affairs. Political leaders, diplomats, and citizens recognize that communication shapes global politics. This has only been amplified in a new media environment characterized by Internet access to information, social media, and the transformation of who can communicate and how. Soft power, public diplomacy 2.0, network power – scholars and policymakers are concerned with understanding what is happening. This book is the first to develop a systematic framework to understand how political actors seek to shape order through narrative projection in this new environment. To explain the changing world order – the rise of the BRICS, the dilemmas of climate change, poverty and terrorism, the intractability of conflict – the authors explore how actors form and project narratives and how third parties interpret and interact with these narratives. The concept of strategic narrative draws together the most salient of international relations concepts, including the links between power and ideas; international and domestic; and state and non-state actors. The book is anchored around four themes: order, actors, uncertainty, and contestation. Through these, Strategic Narratives shows both the possibilities and the limits of communication and power, and makes an important contribution to theorizing and studying empirically contemporary international relations. International Studies Association: International Communication Best Book Award
Strategic Nonviolent Power: The Science of Satyagraha
by Mark MattainiHistory indicates that there are powerful routes to liberation from oppression that do not involve violence. Mohandas Gandhi called for a science of nonviolent action, one based on satyagraha, or the “insistence on truth.” As Gandhi understood, nonviolent resistance is not passive, nor is it weak; rather, such action is an exercise of power. Despite the success of Gandhi’s “Quit India” movement, the resources dedicated to the application of rigorous science to nonviolent struggle have been vanishingly small. By contrast, almost unimaginable levels of financial and human resources have been devoted to the science and technologies of killing, war, and collective violence. Mark Mattaini reviews the history and theory of nonviolent struggles against oppression and discusses recent research that indicates the substantial need for and advantage of nonviolent alternatives. He then offers a detailed exploration of principles of behavioral systems science that appear to underlie effective strategic civil resistance and “people power.” Strategic Nonviolent Power proposes that the route to what Gandhi described as the “undreamt of and seemingly impossible discoveries” of nonviolent resistance is the application of rigorous science. Although not a simple science, Mattaini’s application of ecological science grounded in the science of behaviour brings exceptional power to the struggle for justice and liberation. At a time when civil resistance is actively reshaping global political realities, the science of nonviolent struggle deserves the attention of the scientific, activist, strategic, military, spiritual, and diplomatic communities, as well as the informed public.