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Strategies for Survival at SIBIKWA 1988 – 2021: Landmarks of South African Theatre History (Routledge Advances in Theatre & Performance Studies)
by Phyllis Klotz Smal NdabaThis book provides an engaging and contextualised insight into a South African township-based arts centre that has survived the vicissitudes of steady militarisation in townships during some of the worst years of apartheid as well as the exhilaration of a new democratic policy while attempting to circumnavigate different policies and funding dispensations. Sibikwa provides arts centres across the world and especially those in decolonising countries with strategies for survival in tumultuous times. This multi-disciplinary book maps and co-ordinates wider historical, political, and social contextual concerns and events with matters specific to a community-based east of Johannesburg and provides an exploration and analysis by experts of authentic theatre-making and performance, dance, indigenous music, arts in education and NGO governance. It has contemporary significance and raises important questions regarding inclusivity and transformation, the function and future of arts centres, community-based applied arts practices, creativity, and international partnerships. This study will be of great interest to students and scholars in theatre and performance, indigenous music, dance, and South African history.
Strategies for Sustainable Mobilities: Opportunities and Challenges (Transport And Society Ser.)
by Friederike HülsmannSustainable mobility is a qualitative, vague and normative vision. Although this vagueness is often criticized and seen as a drawback it also allows diverse stakeholders to commit to the goal of sustainable mobility. It allows for consensus, which can also help achieve a transport system that enables mobility for current and future generations. The goal of sustainable mobility is an ambitious one and requires a long-term and process-oriented perspective. With this in mind, this volume examines sustainable mobilities from multiple angles varying by time, region, cultural and economic backgrounds, local stakeholders and governance structures. By achieving a better understanding of mobility behaviour and mobility needs in different contexts this book develops innovative strategies and advances modelling approaches which evaluate these strategies. Presented here is not an ideal package of strategies to achieve sustainable mobility but rather innovations in the different disciplines and fields to show how each of them can contribute to keeping all people mobile - today and in the future.
Strategies for Symbiotic Urban Neighbourhoods
by Sophie Lufkin Emmanuel Rey Suren ErkmanUtilizing the results of a case study on the Gare-Lac sector in the city of Yverdon-les-Bains - the site is currently a large urban brownfield, intended to host ca. 3,800 additional inhabitants and 1,200 jobs upon completion - this work examines how to design attractive urban neighbourhoods that generate endogenous economic activity and foster socio-cultural dynamics, while moving towards local energy self-sufficiency. Exploring the different dimensions influencing energy self-sufficiency at the neighbourhood scale by integrating parameters related to buildings, infrastructure, mobility, food, goods and services, the work focuses on three scenarios (technological, behavioural and symbiotic) for the future development of this neighbourhood through 2035. The scenarios test different design strategies related to industrial symbioses, production, storage, transportation, and urban agriculture.
Strategies for Urban Development in Leipzig, Germany
by Jean-Claude Garcia-ZamorThe demographic pressure caused by migration offers a considerable challenge for urban centers today. It results in an uneven development of the community and focus of urban planners becomes how to provide decent, low-cost housing and transportation in order to facilitate the integration of poorer residents among the rest of the community. In large industrialized countries the challenges of urban policy-makers are made even more complicated since these governments depend on state or federal legislators to obtain the massive amounts of funding required for adequately addressing these local issues that are in global cause. The book analyzes the strategies for urban development in Leipzig, Germany, and shows how civic leaders were able to harmonize planning and equity. They relied heavily on two interesting approaches in that process: the promotion of culture as a key component of urban development and the reconciliation of the inevitable process of gentrification with social equity. The book also looks at the globalization aspect of urban development, reviews research in social equity in urban development in Europe and the United States and describes sustainability as an important element of urban renaissance.
Strategies for Urban Network Learning: International Practices and Theoretical Reflections (Palgrave Studies in Sub-National Governance)
by Leon van den DoolThis book presents international experiences in urban network learning. It is vital for cities to learn as it is necessary to constantly adapt and improve public performance and address complex challenges in a constantly changing environment. It is therefore highly relevant to gain more insight into how cities can learn. Cities address problems and challenges in networks of co-operation between existing and new actors, such as state actors, market players and civil society. This book presents various learning environments and methods for urban network learning, and aims to learn from experiences across the globe. How does learning take place in these urban networks? What factors and situations help or hinder these learning practices? Can we move from intuition to a strategy to improve urban network learning?
Strategies for Work with Involuntary Clients
by Ronald H. Rooney Rebecca MirickOften in their careers, social workers will encounter clients who are either legally required to attend treatment services or are otherwise coerced or pressured into those services. Practitioners in settings from prisons to emergency rooms to nursing homes to child protection agencies will find themselves with involuntary clients. In an update to this classic text, social workers Ronald H. Rooney and Rebecca G. Mirick explore the best ways to work with unwilling clients.While work with involuntary clients is common, it can be challenging, frustrating, and unproductive unless practitioners are well trained for it. This book provides a theoretical framework for understanding the legal, ethical, and practical concerns when working with involuntary clients, offering theory, treatment models, and specific practice strategies influenced by the best available knowledge. Animated by case studies across diverse settings, these resources can be used by practitioners to facilitate collaborative, effective working relationships with involuntary clients.
Strategies in Changing Global Orders: Competition and Conflict versus Cooperation
by Chin-Peng Chu Sang-Chul ParkThis book explores the intricate web of economic diplomacy, Asia Pacific strategies, and Mega Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) that shape the region's dynamics. It also examines the European Union's perspective, considering its shared interests with East Asia and the USA. Avoiding military conflicts in sensitive regions such as the Taiwan Straits and the Korean Peninsula is crucial, as the economic ramifications of any such conflicts could be catastrophic on a global scale, fundamentally altering the course of the New Cold War.Divided into four parts, the book begins with an introduction, setting the stage for the ensuing exploration. Part two delves into economic diplomacy, Asia Pacific strategies, and Mega FTAs in East Asia, while part three examines the same themes in the context of the European Union. Finally, part four concludes with insightful remarks that tie together the findings from the preceding sections.As the world teeters on the precipice of a new era defined by global power struggles and geopolitical realignments, this book offers a comprehensive analysis of the pressing issues facing East Asia and the EU. It challenges readers to reflect on history's lessons and find wise solutions through theoretical and practical approaches.
Strategies of Authoritarian Survival and Dissensus in Southeast Asia: Weak Men Versus Strongmen (Palgrave Series in Asia and Pacific Studies)
by Sokphea YoungThis book analyses how authoritarian rulers of Southeast Asian countries maintain their durability in office, and, in this context, explains why some movements of civil society organizations succeed while others fail to achieve their demands. It discusses the relationship between the state-society-business in the political survival context. As the first comparative analysis of strategies of regime survival across Southeast Asia, this book also provides an in-depth insight into the various opposition movements, and the behaviour of antagonistic civic and political actors in the region.
Strategies of Compliance with the European Court of Human Rights: Rational Choice Within Normative Constraints (Pennsylvania Studies in Human Rights)
by Andreas Von StadenIn Strategies of Compliance with the European Court of Human Rights, Andreas von Staden looks at the nature of human rights challenges in two enduring liberal democracies—Germany and the United Kingdom. <P><P>Employing an ambitious data set that covers the compliance status of all European Court of Human Rights judgments rendered until 2015, von Staden presents a cross-national overview of compliance that illustrates a strong correlation between the quality of a country's democracy and the rate at which judgments have met compliance. Tracing the impact of violations in Germany and the United Kingdom specifically, he details how governments, legislators, and domestic judges responded to the court's demands for either financial compensation or changes to laws, policies, and practices. <P><P>Framing his analysis in the context of the long-standing international relations debate between rationalists who argue that actions are dictated by an actor's preferences and cost-benefit calculations, and constructivists, who emphasize the influence of norms on behavior, von Staden argues that the question of whether to comply with a judgment needs to be analyzed separately from the question of how to comply. <P><P>According to von Staden, constructivist reasoning best explains why Germany and the United Kingdom are motivated to comply with the European Court of Human Rights judgments, while rationalist reasoning in most cases accounts for how these countries bring their laws, policies, and practices into sufficient compliance for their cases to be closed. <P><P>When complying with adverse decisions while also exploiting all available options to minimize their domestic impact, liberal democracies are thus both norm-abiding and rational-instrumentalist at the same time—in other words, they choose their compliance strategies rationally within the normative constraint of having to comply with the Court's judgments.
Strategies of Containment: A Critical Appraisal of American National Security Policy During the Cold War (Revised and Expanded Edition)
by John Lewis GaddisWhen Strategies of Containment was first published, the Soviet Union was still a superpower, Ronald Reagan was president of the United States, and the Berlin Wall was still standing. This updated edition of Gaddis' classic carries the history of containment through the end of the Cold War. Beginning with Franklin D. Roosevelt's postwar plans, Gaddis provides a thorough critical analysis of George F. Kennan's original strategy of containment, NSC-68, The Eisenhower-Dulles "New Look," the Kennedy-Johnson "flexible response" strategy, the Nixon-Kissinger strategy of detente, and now a comprehensive assessment of how Reagan-- and Gorbachev-- completed the process of containment, thereby bringing the Cold War to an end. He concludes, provocatively, that Reagan more effectively than any other Cold War president drew upon the strengths of both approaches while avoiding their weaknesses. A must-read for anyone interested in Cold War history, grand strategy, and the origins of the post-Cold War world.
Strategies of Symbolic Nation-building in South Eastern Europe
by Pål KolstøAfter the conflagration of Tito’s Yugoslavia a medley of new and not-so-new states rose from the ashes. Some of the Yugoslav successor states have joined, or are about to enter, the European Union, while others are still struggling to define their national borders, symbols, and relationships with neighbouring states. Strategies of Symbolic Nation-building in South Eastern Europe expands upon the existing body of nationalism studies and explores how successful these nation-building strategies have been in the last two decades. Relying on new quantitative research results, the contributors offer interdisciplinary analyses of symbolic nation-building in Albania, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Croatia, Kosovo, Macedonia, Montenegro, and Serbia to show that whereas the citizens of some states have reached a consensus about the nation-building project other states remain fragmented and uncertain of when the process will end. A must-read not only for scholars of the region but policy makers and others interested in understanding the complex interplay of history, symbolic politics, and post-conflict transition.
Strategies to Achieve a Binding International Agreement on Regulating Cartels
by John Sanghyun LeeThis book addresses the lack of binding multi-lateral international agreement on cartels, through analysis of trials and failures. It also suggests strategic approaches to overcome current standstills. In addition, the book contrasts international agreement on cartels with inter-governmental commodity agreement which has been developed separately through international law. Through this project, the author puts forth that successful international law on cartels needs to reflect the interests and arguments of developing countries.
Strategische Interaktion in der Haushaltspolitik: Advokaten, Kassenwarte und Regierungschefs in parlamentarischen Systemen
by Bernd LuigIn parlamentarischen Regierungssystemen stehen bei haushaltspolitischen Konflikten auf der einen Seite die Ausgabenminister. In ihren Geschäftsbereichen spielen die Ausgaben eine merklich größere Rolle als die Einnahmen. Sie besitzen daher unabhängig vom Umweltzustand ihrer Geschäftsbereiche den Anreiz, stets ein größeres Budget einzufordern. Ihnen gegenüber stehen mit einem politikbereichsübergreifenden Interesse der Finanzminister und der Regierungschef. Während der Finanzminister üblicherweise der Rationalität des Haushaltsausgleichs folgt, orientiert sich aber letzterer vermutlich am Erfolg der gesamten Regierungsarbeit. In diesem Buch wird nunmehr das Handeln von jedem Ausgabenminister, des als Kassenwart erscheinenden Finanzministers und des Regierungschefs modelliert. Im Mittelpunkt der Arbeit steht dabei die Forschungsfrage, inwieweit die Interaktion der drei Akteure die bereichsspezifischen Ausgaben in den Budgets der deutschen Länder beeinflusst.
Strategische Planung der Transformation von Produktionsstandorten energieintensiver Industrieunternehmen: Dargestellt am Beispiel der Primärstahlherstellung (Produktion und Logistik)
by Yannik GraupnerYannik Graupner untersucht Fragestellungen zur Transformation energieintensiver Industrieunternehmen. Hierzu entwickelt er ein neuartiges Entscheidungsunterstützungswerkzeug zur Bewertung und Gestaltung von Transformationspfaden einzelner Produktionsstandorte. Dieses basiert auf einer Investitions- und Kostenrechnung sowie einer Ökobilanzierung, die auf einer aktivitätsanalytischen Modellierung von Produktionsprozessen aufbauen. Zur Gestaltung der Transformation, auch unter Berücksichtigung der Mechanismen des Europäischen Emissionshandels, entwickelt er ein mathematisches Optimierungsmodell. Durch Anwendung des Entscheidungsunterstützungswerkzeugs innerhalb einer Fallstudie aus der Stahlindustrie werden Erkenntnisse hinsichtlich der Auswirkungen alternativer Produktionsverfahren sowie des Einflusses externer Rahmenbedingungen auf die Transformation gewonnen. Auf Basis dessen leitet er Handlungsempfehlungen für die Stahlindustrie und Politik ab.
Strategische Politische Kommunikation im digitalen Wandel: Interdisziplinäre Perspektiven Auf Ein Dynamisches Forschungsfeld
by Michael Oswald Michael JohannDie Digitalisierung hat in den vergangenen Jahren sowohl die Kommunikationsroutinen als auch die Agenden von politischen Akteuren nachhaltig verändert. Einerseits hat der Medienwandel neue Möglichkeiten zur politischen Partizipation und Interaktion hervorgebracht. Andererseits werden digitale Phänomene wie Fake News oder Hassrede von politischen Akteuren instrumentalisiert, um strategische Ziele durchzusetzen. Inwieweit die sozialen Medien dabei zu Echokammern der Nutzer werden, ist umstritten. An einem scheinbaren Siedepunkt der Debatte zum Medienwandel gibt dieser Sammelband einen Überblick über die Auswirkungen der Digitalisierung auf die strategische Politische Kommunikation. Anhand aktueller Untersuchungen werden dabei politik- und kommunikationswissenschaftliche Perspektiven zu einer interdisziplinären Bestandsaufnahme zusammengeführt. Der Inhalt• Kommunikationsstrukturen im Wandel• Social-Media-Kommunikation im US-Wahlkampf 2016• Digitale Strategien politischer Akteure• Kommunikations- und Kampagnenmanagement• Politische Partizipation online und offlineDie Zielgruppen• Politik- und Kommunikationswissenschaftler• Politik-Journalisten• Politikberater und -strategen• Politische AkteureDie HerausgeberDr. Michael Oswald ist Akademischer Rat am Lehrstuhl für Politikwissenschaft an der Universität Passau, Associate Research Fellow und Lehrbeauftragter am John F. Kennedy Institut, Faculty-Member bei CIFE (Int. Zentrum für europäische Bildung) und bei Nautilus Politikberatung.Michael Johann ist wissenschaftlicher Mitarbeiter am Lehrstuhl für Computervermittelte Kommunikation an der Universität Passau.
Strategischer Wettbewerb im Weltraum: Politik, Recht, Sicherheit und Wirtschaft im All (Sicherheit, Strategie & Innovation)
by Enrico Fels Antje Nötzold Andrea Rotter Moritz BrakeDer Sammelband nimmt erstmalig seit Ende des Kalten Krieges für den deutschsprachigen Raum eine komprimierte Bestandsaufnahme der aktuellen Aktivitäten, rechtlichen Rahmenbedingungen, politischen und militärischen Konfliktlinien und Kooperationsräume sowie weiterführender Trends und Herausforderungen im Weltraum vor. Dabei werden zum einen die rechtlichen, militärischen, wirtschaftlichen und technologischen Herausforderungen des Bedeutungszuwachses dieses strategisch gewichtigen Raumes analysiert. Zum anderen werden Handlungsfähigkeit und -bedarf ausgewählter Weltraummächte, ihre Kooperationsmöglichkeiten und Konfliktpotenziale sowie der internationale politische Regulierungsbedarf herausgearbeitet und darauf aufbauend politische Handlungsempfehlungen dargelegt.„Eine hervorragend gelungene Bestandsaufnahme der umfassenden Bedeutung des Weltraums.“ Prof. Dr. Dr. h. c. Karl Kaiser, Harvard University
Strategisches Framing: Eine Einführung
by Michael OswaldIn der Politischen Kommunikation sind Frames allgegenwärtig, da die politische Realität oft spezifisch konstruiert wird. Kommunikatoren setzen dabei ihre Information in einen bestimmten Deutungsrahmen, um gewisse Stimmungen zu verbreiten. Sie ‚framen‘ damit das Thema gezielt und wollen so die Debatte um die jeweilige Angelegenheit leiten oder zumindest mitbestimmen. Dieses Lehrbuch bietet eine Einführung in das Verständnis von Frames und Framing-Strategien, es liefert eine Übersicht der Inhalte der vielfältigen und breitgefächerten Framing-Forschung sowie eine Grundlage für das wissenschaftliche Arbeiten mit Frames.
Strategisches Framing: Eine Einführung
by Michael OswaldIn der Politischen Kommunikation sind Framings allgegenwärtig. Zum einen entstehen sie unwillkürlich, da Themen stets in einer spezifischen Perspektive dargestellt werden. Zum anderen wird die politische Realität auch oft konstruiert. Kommunikatoren setzen dabei ihre Information in einen bestimmten Deutungsrahmen, sie ‚framen‘ das Thema also gezielt und wollen so die Debatte um die jeweilige Angelegenheit leiten oder zumindest mitbestimmen. Dieses Lehrbuch bietet eine Einführung in das Verständnis von Frames und Framing-Strategien. Es liefert einen Abriss über die vielfältige und breitgefächerte Framing-Forschung sowie eine Grundlage für das wissenschaftliche Arbeiten mit Frames. Für die 2. Auflage wurde das Buch grundlegend überarbeitet und aktualisiert.
Strategisches Management und wirkungsorientierte Steuerung in Kommunen
by Jens WeißDie Beiträge des Bandes stellen Grundlagen aus den Bereichen Verwaltungsmanagement und Verwaltungsinformatik sowie Ergebnisse der empirischen Forschung zum strategischen Management in kleinen und mittleren Kommunen dar. Fallbeispiele aus Kommunen in Österreich, Italien, der Schweiz, der Slowakei und Deutschland zeigen praktizierte Managementsysteme, Einführungsprozesse und Aspekte der informationstechnischen Unterstützung.
Strategizing against Sweatshops: The Global Economy, Student Activism, and Worker Empowerment
by Matthew S. WilliamsFor the past few decades, the U.S. anti-sweatshop movement was bolstered by actions from American college students. United Students Against Sweatshops (USAS) effectively advanced the cause of workers’ rights in sweatshops around the world. Strategizing against Sweatshops chronicles the evolution of student activism and presents an innovative model of how college campuses are a critical site for the advancement of global social justice. Matthew Williams shows how USAS targeted apparel companies outsourcing production to sweatshop factories with weak or non-existent unions. USAS did so by developing a campaign that would support workers organizing by leveraging their college’s partnerships with global apparel firms like Nike and Adidas to abide by pro-labor codes of conduct. Strategizing against Sweatshops exemplifies how organizations and actors cooperate across a movement to formulate a coherent strategy responsive to the conditions in their social environment. Williams also provides a model of political opportunity structure to show how social context shapes the chances of a movement’s success—and how movements can change that political opportunity structure in turn. Ultimately, he shows why progressive student activism remains important.
Strategy Before Clausewitz: Linking Warfare and Statecraft, 1400-1830 (Cass Military Studies)
by Beatrice HeuserThis collection of essays combines historical research with cutting-edge strategic analysis and makes a significant contribution to the study of the early history of strategic thinking. There is a debate as to whether strategy in its modern definition existed before Napoleon and Clausewitz. The case studies featured in this book show that strategic thinking did indeed exist before the last century, and that there was strategy making, even if there was no commonly agreed word for it. The volume uses a variety of approaches. First, it explores the strategy making of three monarchs whose biographers have claimed to have identified strategic reasoning in their warfare: Edward III of England, Philip II of Spain and Louis XIV of France. The book then analyses a number of famous strategic thinkers and practitioners, including Christine de Pizan, Lazarus Schwendi, Matthew Sutcliffe, Raimondo Montecuccoli and Count Guibert, concluding with the ideas that Clausewitz derived from other authors. Several chapters deal with reflections on naval strategy long thought not to have existed before the nineteenth century. Combining in-depth historical documentary research with strategic analysis, the book illustrates that despite social, economic, political, cultural and linguistic differences, our forebears connected warfare and the aims and considerations of statecraft just as we do today. This book will be of great interest to students of strategic history and theory, military history and IR in general.
Strategy In Nato
by Liselotte OdgaardThis edited volume addresses the challenges and opportunities facing NATO post-2014, applying an original approach to strategy that will produce fresh insights into this hot topic within the international security community.
Strategy and Ethnocentrism (Routledge Revivals)
by Ken BoothKen Booth’s study, first published in 1979, investigates the way in which cultural distortions have affected the theory and execution of strategy. Its aim is to illustrate the importance of ethnocentrism in all areas of the subject, to follow through its implications and to suggest approaches to the different problems it poses. Insights are offered into the character of a number of important issues in Cold War international politics, including the superpower arms race, détente, the Middle Eastern crisis, the Soviet arms build-up and the SALT talks. In light of the cost of modern warfare, it is all the more important to avoid strategic failures in the future. Strategy and Ethnocentrism aims to alert students of military and strategic studies to some ways of minimising the risks of failure in an age when war is increasingly characterised by racial, cultural and religious conflict.
Strategy and Grand Strategy (Adelphi series)
by Joshua RovnerWartime leaders should understand the link between violent means and political ends. They should also have a sense of how strategic decisions will affect the post-war peace. Yet they often fail to make these connections. Mistaking strategy for grand strategy, or misunderstanding the relationship between them, can frustrate soldiers and statesmen alike. Sometimes it can lead to national ruin. In this Adelphi book, Joshua Rovner offers a lucid analysis of strategy (a theory of victory) and grand strategy (a theory of security). He demonstrates vividly how these concepts interact in case studies from antiquity to the present, and he describes the implications for war and peace at a time of extraordinary technological change. Rovner’s work will prove indispensable to policymakers, scholars and anyone seeking to grasp these essential but often misunderstood concepts.
Strategy and History: Essays on Theory and Practice (Strategy and History)
by Colin S. GrayStrategy and History comprises a selection of Professor Gray's key contributions to strategic debate over the past thirty years. These essays have been selected both because they had significant messages for contemporary controversies, and because they have some continuing relevance for today and the future. Each essay in this book is really about strategy in the modern world, and reflects the many dimensions of this complex subject. This book covers a wide range of subjects and historical events, but there are key issues covered throughout: being strategic the consequences of actions a respect for Clausewitz’s theory of war historical dependency the importance of geography being critical of enthusiasm for technology over human factors the primacy of politics. This important publication provides an invaluable insight into the development of strategic studies over the past 30 years from one of the world's leading theorists and practitioners of the subject. The book will be of great interest to all students and analysts of strategy and international studies.