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The Quebec Conference of 1864: Understanding the Emergence of the Canadian Federation
by Alain-G. Gagnon Guy Laforest Eugénie BrouilletLike all major events in Canadian history, the Quebec Conference of 1864, an important step on Canada's road to Confederation, deserves to be discussed and better understood. Efforts to revitalize historical memory must take a multidisciplinary and multicultural approach. The Quebec Conference of 1864 expresses a renewed historical interest over the last two decades in both the Quebec-Canada constitutional trajectory and the study of federalism. Contributors from a variety of disciplines argue that a more grounded understanding of the 72 Quebec Resolutions of 1864 is key to interpreting the internal architecture of the contemporary constitutional apparatus in Canada, and a new interpretation is crucial to appraise the progress made over the 150 years since the institution of federalism. The second volume in a series that began with The Constitutions That Shaped Us: A Historical Anthology of Pre-1867 Canadian Constitutions, this book reveals a society in constant transition, as well as the presence of national projects that live in tension with the Canadian federation.
Québec Confronts Canada
by Edward M. CorbettOriginally published in 1967. The nationalistic sentiment of French Canada was starkly dramatized by the Montreal terrorist bombings in the spring of 1963. Admittedly the work of extremists, that eruption of violence was an offshoot of the profound social, political, economic, and cultural transformation—an accelerated evolution rather than a revolution—that Quebec has undergone since the end of World War II. This revolution tranquille is characterized by a new sense of self-confidence among French Canadians, an eagerness to reject what they regard as any hint of second-class citizenship, and a determination to take full share in all aspects of Canadian life—without, however, sacrificing their French culture and heritage. A threat to the Canadian Confederation is implicit in the growing reluctance of modern French-speaking Canadians to abide the "tyranny of the majority," however enlightened or well-intentioned it may be. This first book-length study in English of the conflict between French and English Canadians provides a thorough treatment of French-Canadian complaints against English Canada, and of their implications for Canadian unity. Dr. Corbett devotes the first part of his study to an analysis of the ferment within the French-speaking population of Quebec during the postwar period. He discusses the relation between French-Canadian nationalism and other nationalisms and the roles played by the language barrier, the church, and the separatist movement. In the second part of the study he considers the political, economic, and social implications of separatism, with particular regard to the proposals for adapting the Constitution to Quebecois demands. After tracing the evolution of the ambivalent English-Canadian concept of Canada's national identity, he concludes that the future of the Confederation will depend on how far the English majority is willing to go in meeting French demands.
Quebec in a Global Light: Reaching for the Common Ground (Munk Series on Global Affairs)
by Robert CalderisiTo the outside world, Quebec is Canada’s most distinctive province. To many Canadians, it has sometimes seemed the most troublesome. But, over the last quarter century, quietly but steadily, it has wrestled successfully with two of the West’s most daunting challenges: protecting national values in the face of mass immigration and striking a proper balance between economic efficiency and a sound social safety net. Quebec has also taken a lead in fighting climate change. Yet, many people – including many Quebeckers – are unaware of this progress and much remains to be done. These achievements, and the tenacity that made them possible, are rooted in centuries of adversity and struggle. In this masterful survey of the major social and economic issues facing Quebec, Robert Calderisi offers an intimate look into the sensitivities and strengths of a society that has grown accustomed to being misunderstood. In doing so, he argues that the values uniting Quebeckers – their common sense, courtesy, concern for the downtrodden, aversion to conflict, and mild form of nationalism, linked to a firm refusal to be homogenized by globalization – make them the most "Canadian" of all Canadians.
The Québec-United States Relationship: Political, Security, Economic, Environmental and Cultural Dynamics (Canada and International Affairs)
by Frédérick Gagnon Christopher Kirkey Stéphane PaquinQuébec’s engagement with the United States is the most significant and consequential point of interaction amongst all its international activities. This new, edited book volume seeks to explore the many ways in which Quebec engages with the United States, including political exchange, border issues, trade, business and investment, transportation, immigration, cultural links and identity, the role of energy transmission and natural resources, and environmental considerations. As a sub-national actor pursuing a wide range of paradiplomatic bilateral and multilateral initiatives directly involving the U.S., our book both explores and explains what, when, why and how Québec has chosen to engage the United States while examining the fundamental issues that lie at the heart of the relationship. Multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary in focus, this edited collection of essays, titled The Québec-United States Relationship: Political, Security, Economic, Environmental and Cultural Dynamics, features the work of scholars who think deeply about Quebec-U.S. relations. Each contribution considers contemporary policy relevant issues; in so doing, this collection examines and emphasizes the background, scope, and impacts of policy decisions. This is an open access book.
A Queda d’Um Anjo
by José Viale Moutinho Camilo Castelo BrancoÉ uma das obras mais conhecidas de Camilo Castelo Branco. Romance satírico que põe a nú, de uma forma caricatural, o desvirtuamento dos costumes da sociedade portuguesa do século XIX. Centrado na figura de Calisto Elói, A Queda d'um Anjo traça o percurso de um fidalgo minhoto, conservador e defensor da moral e dos bons costumes que, ao ser eleito para a Assembleia da República, se perde nos encantos da vida da Capital, contrária à moral do Portugal rural e profundo. Calisto acabou por abandonar a vida casta que praticava e que "pregava" aos seus pares. Para além de Calisto, é possível encontrar outras personagens como a mulher adúltera, ou o deputado corrupto, etc. personagens que ainda hoje podemos encontrar correspondência com pessoas que poderão estar ao nosso lado.
Queen
by Aimée CarterPAWN...CAPTIVE...QUEEN? Kitty Doe is a Blackcoat rebel and a former captive with a deadly connection to the most powerful and dangerous man in the country, Prime Minister Daxton Hart. Forced to masquerade as Daxton's niece, Lila Hart, Kitty has helped the Blackcoats take back the prison known as Elsewhere. But Daxton has no intention of ceding his position of privilege-or letting Kitty expose his own masquerade. Not in these United States, where each person's rank means the difference between luxury and poverty, freedom and fear...and ultimately, between life and death. To defeat the corrupt government, Kitty must expose Daxton's secret. Securing evidence will put others in jeopardy, including the boy she's loved forever and an ally she barely trusts. For months, Kitty's survival has hinged on playing a part. Now she must discover who she truly wants to be, and whether the new world she and the rebels are striving to create has a place in it for her after all.
The Queen
by Kiera CassBefore America Singer's story began, another girl came to the palace to compete for the hand of a different prince....Don't miss this digital original novella set in the captivating world of Kiera Cass's #1 New York Times bestselling Selection series. This prequel story takes place before the events of The Selection and is told from the point of view of Prince Maxon's mother, Amberly. Discover a whole new Selection with this inside look at how Maxon's parents met--and how an ordinary girl named Amberly became a beloved queen.Epic Reads Impulse is a digital imprint with new releases each month.
The Queen: The Epic Ambition of Hillary and the Coming of a Second "Clinton Era"
by Hugh HewittNational broadcast journalist Hugh Hewitt warns how a Clinton "reign" would damage the fundamental, foundational traditions upon which America is built. In THE QUEEN, Hugh Hewitt's in-depth examination of the career and accomplishments -epic failures, really- of the real Hillary Clinton will show you why-after her decades of working so hard, after surviving Bill and his antics, after losing to an upstart in 2008, submerging her boiling anger and wounded pride, and after enduring the real predations of the "vast right-wing conspiracy" that has been dogging her throughout-Hillary is on the brink of achieving it all.Not since the publication of The Prince by Niccolo Machiavelli 500 years ago has a member of the political opposition written so candidly about the strengths and weaknesses of the strongest member of his opposing political party. Brilliant and insightful, THE QUEEN is simply unique among political books of our era.
The Queen: A Life in Brief
by Robert LaceyA short biography of one of the most recognized yet still mysterious women in the world, Queen Elizabeth II, from the New York Times bestselling author of The KingdomElizabeth of York was not born to be Queen. She came into the world on April 21st, 1926, the equivalent of the modern Princess Beatrice, first-born daughter of the Duke of York, destined to flutter on the royal fringe. So while Lilibet was brought up with almost religious respect for the crown, there seemed no chance of her inheriting it. Her head was never turned by the personal prospect of grandeur—which is why she would prove so very good at her job. Elizabeth II’s lack of ego was to prove the paradoxical secret of her greatness.For more than thirty years acclaimed author and royal biographer Robert Lacey has been gathering material from members of the Queen’s inner circle—her friends, relatives, private secretaries, and prime ministers. Now, in The Queen, Lacey offers a life of the celebrated monarch, told in four parts that capture the distinctive flavor of passing eras, and reveal how Elizabeth II adapted—or, on occasions, regally declined to adapt—to changing times.
The Queen: Her Life
by Andrew Morton#1 New York Times bestselling biographer Andrew Morton provides the definitive, most comprehensive account of Queen Elizabeth II's legendary reign. Painfully shy, Elizabeth Windsor&’s personality was well suited to her youthful ambition of living quietly in the country, raising a family, and caring for her dogs and horses. But when her uncle, King Edward VIII, abdicated, she became heir to the throne—embarking on a journey that would test her as a woman and queen. Ascending to the throne at only 25, this self-effacing monarch navigated endless setbacks, family conflict, and occasional triumphs throughout her 70 years as the Queen of England. As her mettle was tested, she endeavored to keep the monarchy relevant culturally, socially, and politically, often in the face of resistance from inside the institution itself. And yet the greatest challenges she faced were often inside her own family, forever under intense scrutiny; from rumors about her husband&’s infidelity, her sister&’s marital breakdown, Princess Diana&’s tragic death, to the recent departure of Prince Harry and Meghan Markle. Now in The Queen, renowned biographer Andrew Morton takes an in-depth look at Britain&’s longest reigning monarch, exploring the influence Queen Elizabeth had on both Britain and the rest of the world for much of the last century. From leading a nation struggling to restore itself after the devastation of the second World War to navigating the divisive political landscape of the present day, Queen Elizabeth was a reluctant but resolute queen. This is the story of a woman of unflagging self-discipline who will long be remembered as mother and grandmother to Great Britain, and one of the greatest sovereigns of the modern era.
The Queen: The Life And Family Of Queen Elizabeth Ii
by A. N. WilsonIn this unusual and vibrant examination of the life and times of Britain's most iconic living figure, A. N. Wilson considers the history of the monarchy, drawing a line that stretches from Queen Victoria to the bloody history of Europe in the 20th century, examining how and why the Royal Family has survived. He paints a vivid portrait of "Lilibet" the woman, and of her reign, throughout which she has remained stalwart, unmoving, a trait some regard as dullness, but which Wilson argues is the key to her survival. He outlines the case for a Republic, arguing that this will almost certainly happen at some point after her reign is at an end, at least in Australia. In part historical overview, but with a keen eye to the future, A. N. Wilson writes with his signature warmth, intelligence and humor, celebrating the life of the Queen and her role as figurehead of Britain and the Commonwealth, while asking candidly whether they can remain a constitutional monarchy.
The Queen: 101 Reasons to Celebrate Her Majesty
by H. Sutcliffe E. DunneUpdated to mark her Platinum Jubilee, The Queen: 101 Reasons to Celebrate Her Majesty is a collection of all the things that make Elizabeth II a national treasure, from the profound impact she has had on 21st-century politics, to her superhuman ability to keep on waving and her fabulous collection of headscarves.Did you know that she has established a whole new dog breed, the dorgi, a cross between a corgi and a dachshund? Or that in her lifetime she has given out more than 75,000 Christmas puddings?With beautiful illustrations and humorous observations, this book is a joyful celebration of a monarch who will go down in history as one of the greatest of all time.
Queen Amidala (Star Wars Episode #1)
by Jude Watson Judy BlundellThe fascinating and dangerous first-hand story of Queen Amidala, "Episode I's" young heroine, who must hide her identity and risk everything in order to save her planet and people.
Queen and Consort: 60 Years of Marriage
by Lynne Bell Arthur Bousfield Garry Toffoli"Princely marriage is the brilliant edition of a universal fact" – so said the nineteenth-century writer Walter Bagehot. In 2007, Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, celebrate their sixtieth wedding anniversary. This love story of the world’s most famous couple presents a thematic look at the most outstandingly successful marriage of recent times. This illustrated study explores the pressures and stresses of living life in the glare of public scrutiny. It is an early case of a married couple leading independent lives of extraordinary public service and indicating a path for others to follow. The historical experience of queens and their consorts and Elizabeth and Philip’s Canadian and Commonwealth roles add scope to this biography.
Queen and Country: The Fifty-Year Reign of Elizabeth II
by William ShawcrossDescribes the public persona of the Queen
The Queen and Mrs Thatcher: An Inconvenient Relationship
by Dean PalmerThis is the remarkable story of how the two most powerful women in Britain met and disliked each other on sight. For over a decade they quietly waged a war against each other on both a personal and political stage, disagreeing on key issues including sanctions against South Africa, the Miner’s Strike and allowing US planes to bomb Libya using UK military bases. Elizabeth found the means to snub and undermine her Prime Minister through petty class put downs and a series of press leaks. Margaret attacked her monarch by side-lining her internationally, upstaging her at home and allowing the Murdoch press to crucify the Royal Family. This book is also a window into the 80s, an era when Britain was changed beyond recognition by a woman who made ‘Thatcherism’ the defining word of the decade.
The Queen and the Mistress: The Women of Edward III
by Gemma HollmanThe riveting story of two women whose divergent personalities and positions impacted the court of Edward III, one of medieval England's greatest kings.There were two women in Edward III's life: Philippa of Hainault, his wife of forty years and bearer of twelve children, and his mistress, Alice Perrers, the twenty-year-old who took the king's fancy as his ageing wife grew sick. After Philippa's death Alice began to dominate court, amassing a fortune and persuading the elderly Edward to promote her friends and punish her enemies. In The Queen and the Mistress, Gemma Hollman brings the story of these two women to life and contrasts the "perfect" medieval queen—the pious, unpolitical, steady Philippa—with the impertinent youth—the wily, charismatic, manipulative Alice. One died a royal, adored, while the full force of the English court united against Alice, wresting both money and power from her and leaving her with nothing but a mission to try to reclaim all that was lost. Both women had wealth and power but used vitally different methods to dispense it. In The Queen and the Mistress, Hollman brings to the fore their differences and similarities in a unique look at women and power in the Middle Ages.
Queen Anne
by Edward GreggThe reign of Queen Anne, the last Stuart monarch, was a period of significant progress for the country: Britain became a major military power on land, the union of England and Scotland created a united kingdom of Great Britain, and the economic and political basis for the Golden Age of the eighteenth century was established. However, the queen herself has received little credit for these achievements and has long been pictured as a weak and ineffectual monarch dominated by her advisers. This landmark biography of Queen Anne shatters that image and establishes her as a personality of integrity and invincible stubbornness, the central figure of her age.Praise for the earlier edition:"A thoughtful and . . . authoritative study, easily the best thing we have on the Queen. Like Anne herself, it is eminently worthy."--Angus McInnes, History"With the appearance of this volume, a generation of revision in Queen Anne studies comes to fruition."--Henry Horowitz, American Historical Review"The best kind of biography, scholarly but sympathetic, as well as highly readable."--John Kenyon, The Observer"Bold . . . startling . . . imaginative and persuasive."--G.C. Gibbs, London Review of Books
Queen Anne: The Politics of Passion
by Anne SomersetShe ascended the thrones of England, Scotland and Ireland in 1702, at age thirty-seven, Britain's last Stuart monarch, and five years later united two of her realms, England and Scotland, as a sovereign state, creating the Kingdom of Great Britain. She had a history of personal misfortune, overcoming ill health (she suffered from crippling arthritis; by the time she became Queen she was a virtual invalid) and living through seventeen miscarriages, stillbirths, and premature births in seventeen years. By the end of her comparatively short twelve-year reign, Britain had emerged as a great power; the succession of outstanding victories won by her general, John Churchill, the Duke of Marlborough, had humbled France and laid the foundations for Britain's future naval and colonial supremacy. While the Queen's military was performing dazzling exploits on the continent, her own attention--indeed her realm--rested on a more intimate conflict: the female friendship on which her happiness had for decades depended and which became for her a source of utter torment. At the core of Anne Somerset's riveting new biography, published to great acclaim in England ("Definitive"--London Evening Standard; "Wonderfully pacy and absorbing"--Daily Mail), is a portrait of this deeply emotional, complex bond between two very different women: Queen Anne--reserved, stolid, shrewd; and Sarah Churchill, Duchess of Marlborough, wife of the Queen's great general--beautiful, willful, outspoken, whose acerbic wit was equally matched by her fearsome temper. Against a fraught background--the revolution that deposed Anne's father, James II, and brought her to power . . . religious differences (she was born Protestant--her parents' conversion to Catholicism had grave implications--and she grew up so suspicious of the Roman church that she considered its doctrines "wicked and dangerous") . . . violently partisan politics (Whigs versus Tories) . . . a war with France that lasted for almost her entire reign . . . the constant threat of foreign invasion and civil war--the much-admired historian, author of Elizabeth I ("Exhilarating"--The Spectator; "Ample, stylish, eloquent"--The Washington Post Book World), tells the extraordinary story of how Sarah goaded and provoked the Queen beyond endurance, and, after the withdrawal of Anne's favor, how her replacement, Sarah's cousin, the feline Abigail Masham, became the ubiquitous royal confidante and, so Sarah whispered to growing scandal, the object of the Queen's sexual infatuation. To write this remarkably rich and passionate biography, Somerset, winner of the Elizabeth Longford Prize for Historical Biography, has made use of royal archives, parliamentary records, personal correspondence and previously unpublished material. Queen Anne is history on a large scale--a revelation of a centuries-overlooked monarch.
The Queen at the Council Fire: The Treaty of Niagara, Reconciliation, and the Dignified Crown in Canada
by Nathan TidridgeIn the summer of 1764, Sir William Johnson (Superintendent of Indian Affairs) and over two thousand chiefs representing twenty-four First Nations met on the shores of the Niagara River to negotiate the Treaty of Niagara — an agreement between the British Crown and the Indigenous peoples. This treaty, symbolized by the Covenant Chain Wampum, is seen by many Indigenous peoples as the birth of modern Canada, despite the fact that it has been mostly ignored by successive Canadian governments since. The Queen at the Council Fire is the first book to examine the Covenant Chain relationship since its inception. In particular, the book explores the role of what Walter Bagehot calls “the Dignified Crown,” which, though constrained by the traditions of responsible government, remains one of the few institutions able to polish the Covenant Chain and help Canada along the path to reconciliation. The book concludes with concrete suggestions for representatives of the Dignified Crown to strengthen their relationships with Indigenous peoples.
Queen Bess: An Unauthorized Biography of Bess Myerson
by Jennifer PrestonThis &“fascinating&” biography details the rise of the first Jewish Miss America, TV star, and political player—and the scandal that toppled her career (The New York Times). When Bess Myerson, the Bronx-born daughter of Jewish immigrants, was crowned Miss America in 1945, she was determined to break down gender barriers and be more than a beauty queen. Amid rampant anti-Semitism, she took advantage of her reign to call for an end to bigotry and hate. Then, after more than two decades as a glamorous television personality, Myerson took on corporate America, applying her celebrity as a consumer advocate to become an influential New York City political figure credited with helping elect Mayor Edward I. Koch. But behind the glittering public image, Myerson struggled with unhappy marriages. Then, in her early sixties, she found love with a much younger married man. The romance put her at the center of a political corruption scandal that led to federal charges brought by US Attorney Rudolph W. Giuliani, ending the reign of Queen Bess, New York&’s favorite daughter, after more than forty years. Award-winning investigative journalist Jennifer Preston reveals Myerson&’s fascinating life story in this engaging biography. Featuring interviews with Myerson herself and a new introduction from the author, Queen Bess remains the most comprehensive account of this ambitious and talented woman who inspired, entertained, and shocked millions.
Queen Consort: The Life of Queen Camilla
by Penny Junor“Thoroughly well-written, this is a believable portrait of a woman who did not seek publicity or a royal role but instead to support the love of her life, Prince Charles.” —Library Journal (starred review)In the first in-depth biography of Camilla—the infamous other woman who made the marriage of Britain’s Prince Charles and Princess Diana "a bit crowded"—esteemed royal biographer Penny Junor tells the unlikely and extraordinary story of the woman reviled as a pariah who, thanks to numerous twists of fate, became the popular princess consort.Few know the Windsor family as well as veteran royal biographer and journalist Penny Junor. In Queen Consort, she casts her insightful, sensitive eye on the intriguing, once widely despised, and little-known Camilla Parker Bowles, revealing in full, for the first time, the remarkable rise of a woman who was the most notorious mistress in the world.As Camilla’s marriage to Charles approached in 2005, the British public were upset at the prospect that this woman, universally reviled for wrecking the royal marriage, would one day become queen. Sensitive to public opinion, the palace announced that this would never happen; when Charles eventually acceded to the throne, Camilla would be known as the princess consort. Yet a decade later British public sentiment had changed, with a majority believing that Camilla should become queen.Junor argues that although Camilla played a central role in the darkest days of the modern monarchy—Charles and Diana’s acrimonious and scandalous split—she also played a central role in restoring the royal family’s reputation, especially that of Prince Charles. A woman with no ambition to be a princess, a duchess, or a queen, Camilla simply wanted to be with, and support, the man who has always been the love of her life. Junor contends that their marriage has reinvigorated Charles, allowing him to finally become comfortable as the heir to the British throne.
Queen Elizabeth I: Life & Legacy of the Virgin Queen
by Paul KendallThe forty-four-year reign of Elizabeth I, daughter of Henry VIII and the last Tudor monarch, was considered a golden age. It saw the emergence of the great playwrights such as William Shakespeare and Christopher Marlowe, while the exploits of Sir Francis Drake and other ‘sea-dogs’ helped establish England’s position among the great maritime powers. This book looks at Elizabeth’s life through some of the many artifacts, buildings, documents and institutions that survive to this day. From the execution of her mother, Ann Boleyn, when she was just two-and-a-half-years-old, to her imprisonment on suspicion of supporting Protestant rebels, Elizabeth’s early life was a turbulent one, but her accession to the throne ushered in a period of stability. During her reign, England’s wealth and prestige grew through her patronage of seafaring privateers such as Drake, John Hawkins and Walter Raleigh. She encouraged the exploration and colonialization of North America, marking the birth of the British Empire and the establishment of British trade routes. Elizabeth was responsible for expanding the English Navy, its defeat of the Spanish Armada being considered one of England’s greatest military victories. In this magnificently illustrated book we see her birthplace at Greenwich Palace, her childhood homes, her prison in the Tower of London, the palaces she lived in, ruins of stately homes she visited, such as Gorhambury House, Kenilworth House, Upnor Castle and the Elizabethan town walls at Berwick, the many fortifications built during her reign to defend her realm, through to her final resting place in Westminster Abbey. Also found in this fascinating volume are books that she presented to her father and step-mother, Katherine Parr, with the binding embroidered by Elizabeth, her clothes, letters she wrote in her own hand, her coronation chair, her coat of arms asserting her title as Governor of the Church of England and her signature signing the death warrant of her cousin, the 4th Duke of Norfolk. This book is not just a journey back in time to the reign of Elizabeth I, but also a tour across the country to visit the sites which still evoke that golden era of the Virgin Queen.
Queen Elizabeth I: A Biography
by J.E. NealeA scholarly and immensely readable, award-winning biography of the monarch known as the “Virgin Queen.”This has long been considered the classic biography of the great Tudor Queen. It is one of the first works of history to receive both scholarly and popular acclaim—testimony, indeed, to both its authority and readability. It has won the James Tait Black Memorial Prize for Biography and has been translated into nine languages.Exploring every aspect of Elizabeth’s life and rule—her shrewd policies at home and abroad—Professor Neale establishes the fact that she was unique as a strong-minded, independent woman ruling in an age of exclusively masculine power.Praise for Queen Elizabeth I“Entirely delightful, witty and gallant in defense, and nothing better has been said on the side of Elizabeth, on this side of idolatry.” —New York Times“Professor Neale’s narrative is straightforward and at times brilliant. . . . A first-rate literary biography.” —New Statesman“There can be no doubt about its scholarship. . . . Merely as a tour de force the book is a remarkable performance.” —American Historical Review
Queen Elizabeth II: Her Story Diamond Jubilee (Wayland One Shots Ser. #5)
by John MalamThis year Queen Elizabeth II enjoys 60 glorious years as monarch with a Diamond Jubilee celebration to be held on 5th June 2012. Queen Elizabeth II, Her Story recounts the life of our Queen from her birth to present day. It is the story of a princess who became Queen and head of the Royal House of Windsor.* Birth of a Princess* The Little Princesses* Life in the Palace* Princess at War* Elizabeth becomes Queen* The Royla Family* Royal Duties* The Royal family TreeEarly photographs capture the Queen's early years and a Royal family tree place the events of her life in context.