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Sustainable Peacebuilding and Social Justice in Times of Transition: Findings on the Role of Education in Myanmar
by Mieke T.A. Lopes Cardozo Elizabeth J.T. MaberThis book offers a unique insight into the ways in which education systems, governance, and actors at multiple scales interact in initial steps towards building peace. It presents a spectrum of recently conducted research in the context of Myanmar, a society in the midst of challenging transitions, politically, socio-culturally and economically. Divided in 3 thematical research areas, the first part on Myanmar’s policy landscape aims to unravel the integration of peacebuilding into the education sector at macro and micro policy levels. The second part examines the role teachers play in processes of peacebuilding, and the third part examines ways in which formal and non-formal peacebuilding education programs address the agency of youth in Myanmar. This book is an essential guide for students embarking in the field of education, conflict and peacebuilding.
Sustainable Places: Addressing Social Inequality and Environmental Crisis (Routledge Explorations in Environmental Studies)
by Terry Marsden David Adamson Lorena Axinte Mark LangThis book calls for more holistic place-based action to address the social and environmental crisis, deploying the Deep Place approach as one contribution to the toolbox of actions that will underpin the UN Decade of Action towards the Sustainable Development Goals. The authors suggest that ‘place’ is a critical window on how to conceive a resolution to the multiple and overlapping crises. As well as diagnosing the problem (the world as it is), this book also offers a normative advocacy (the world as it could/should be and proposed pathways to get there). A series of ‘Deep Place’ case studies from the UK, Australia, and Vanuatu help to illustrate this approach. Ultimately, the book argues for the need for a real and green ‘new deal’ and identifies what this should be like. It suggests that a new economic order, whilst eventually inevitable, requires radical change. This will not be easy but will be essential given the current impasse, caused, not least by the conjunction of carbon-based, neoliberal capitalism in crisis and the multifactorial global ecological crisis. Ultimately, it concludes that there is a need to develop a new model of ‘regenerative collectivism’ to overcome these crises. This book will be of interest to academics, policy practitioners, and social and climate justice advocates/activists.
Sustainable Plantation Forestry: Problems, Challenges And Solutions
by Herman HidayatThis book discusses sustainable forest management from the perspectives of sociology, anthropology, politics, economics and policy. It examines the roles of governments, private sectors, NGOs, academics and local communities in implementing sustainable plantation forestry, which aims to supply timber for the forestry industry while at the same time reducing global warming. The book also explores the debates on sustainable forest management practices in several countries, and examines the effects of political ecology on plantation forestry as well as the impact of climate change and conservation programs. By analyzing a number of interrelated issues, it offers a valuable resource for all governments, private companies, practitioners, NGOs, academics and students studying forest management and political ecology from a social sciences perspective.
Sustainable Policies and Practices in Energy, Environment and Health Research: Addressing Cross-cutting Issues (World Sustainability Series)
by Walter Leal Filho Diogo Guedes Vidal Maria Alzira Pimenta Dinis Ricardo Cunha DiasThis book aims to give a contribution to a more comprehensive and interdisciplinary understanding of the cross-cutting issues on energy, environment and health research topics in the current world scenario, where nations all over the world are struggling to accomplish the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals and to ensure sustainable patterns for all. This interdisciplinary implies a commitment between all fields of science, working together to provide knowledge that could result in the promotion of quality of life. At the present, it is evident that not all people benefit from sustainable policies and practices and the communication between health, energy, environmental and social problems is undeniable. A call for different views could be a pathway attracting universities, stakeholders, organizations and civil society to deeply discuss how one solution does not fit all societies. Few publications are coherently handling this matter. This book is expected to fill this gap and to develop an interest in a larger audience working in general sustainable development and cross-cutting issues. This book is produced by the European School of Sustainability Science and Research (ESSSR). It gives special emphasis to state-of-the-art descriptions of approaches, methods, initiatives and projects from universities, stakeholders, organizations and civil society across the world, regarding cross-cutting issues in energy, environment and health research.
Sustainable Practices in Higher Education: Finance, Strategy, and Engagement
by Thomas Walker Sherif Goubran Gabrielle Machnik-Kekesi Khaled TarabiehThis edited collection presents, reviews, and critically analyzes sustainable practices and long-term-oriented decision-making in Higher Education Institutions (HEIs). Campus closures and the quick transition to hybrid or e-learning as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic caused HEI stakeholders, including students, faculty, and staff, to swiftly adopt new ways of learning, teaching, and administering that were unfathomable only months before. This radical and challenging shift left many in academia with a sense that there is tremendous potential for HEIs to take the lead – both from an educational and practical standpoint – in fostering on- and off-campus sustainability and combatting climate change. In this book, the editors and their contributors systematically highlight current challenges that are slowing or derailing HEIs’ finance-related initiatives and practices geared toward sustainability. The case studies collected in this book provide a holistic overview of the ways in which financial and other long-term decisions can lead to more sustainable practices in higher education.
Sustainable Practices: Social Theory and Climate Change (Routledge Advances in Sociology)
by Elizabeth Shove Nicola SpurlingClimate change is widely agreed to be one the greatest challenges facing society today. Mitigating and adapting to it is certain to require new ways of living. Thus far efforts to promote less resource-intensive habits and routines have centred on typically limited understandings of individual agency, choice and change. This book shows how much more the social sciences have to offer. The contributors to Sustainable Practices: Social Theory and Climate Change come from different disciplines – sociology, geography, economics and philosophy – but are alike in taking social theories of practice as a common point of reference. This volume explores questions which arise from this distinctive and fresh approach: how do practices and material elements circulate and intersect? how do complex infrastructures and systems form and break apart? how does the reproduction of social practice sustain related patterns of inequality and injustice? This collection shows how social theories of practice can help us understand what societal transitions towards sustainability might involve, and how they might be achieved. It will be of interest to students and researchers in sociology, environmental studies, geography, philosophy and economics, and to policy makers and advisors working in this field.
Sustainable Production of Root and Tuber Crops (Earthscan Food and Agriculture)
by Ravinder Kumar Brajesh Singh Milan Kumar Lal Rahul Kumar TiwariThis book provides a comprehensive overview of the latest research and developments in the field of root and tuber crops from a sustainable production and protection perspective.With a focus on sustainable production methods, the book offers valuable insights and perspectives on how to improve the efficiency and sustainability of root and tuber crop production. This is particularly important given the increasing demand for food security and sustainable agriculture practices globally. The chapters focus on a wide range of production strategies, including soil, nutrient dynamics, nutrient management, fertilizer consumption, and cropping systems, as well as the use of modern farming techniques and technologies. With seed production and supply chains playing critical roles in cash crops like potatoes, a staple food in many countries, the volume also covers healthy seed planting material, low-cost technological intervention for quality seed production, integrated weed management for local and global perspectives, and enhancing the efficiency of small-holder farmers in the Global South. Finally, this book considers the challenges posed by pests and disease management. It describes management methods, as well as the distribution, symptoms and damage, biology, survival, and spread of each pest, and also discusses various environmentally friendly pest management strategies, such as physical, cultural, chemical, biological, host resistance, and integrated methods.This book will be of interest to students and scholars of sustainable agriculture, crop management, and plant sciences.
Sustainable Program Management (Best Practices in Portfolio, Program, and Project Management)
by Gregory T HauganThe world is undergoing major transitions due to changes in three driving forces-population, climate, and energy resources-making it essential for us to achieve sustainability in the implementation of projects and programs as well as our everyday life. This book provides essential information on the three major driving forces of the coming decades and presents options to assist us in moving toward a sustainable future. It uses a format that makes it easy to understand and apply to medium and long-range planning.
Sustainable Public Procurement under EU Law
by Beate Sjåfjell Sjåfjell, Beate and Wiesbrock, Anja Anja WiesbrockThis book examines the effectiveness of the modernisation of EU public procurement law in light of the overarching treaty goals on sustainability. Contributors expertly cover core issues of public procurement, including life cycle costing (LCC), eco- and fairtrade labels, the link to the subject matter (LtSM) requirement, the mandatory horizontal rule on environmental and social legal compliance, and framework agreements. Also explored are the balancing of economic and non-economic objectives implied in sustainable public procurement. The volume moves on to identify major unresolved issues in the use of sustainability considerations, and highlights challenges and possibilities for the national implementation due to take place in 2016. The book contributes to the dismantling of the compartmentalisation that underpins unsustainable policy decisions by discussing the interface of company law and public procurement law and the implication of the new rules on sustainable public procurement for sustainable companies, and specifically for small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs).
Sustainable Qatar: Social, Political and Environmental Perspectives (Gulf Studies #9)
by Logan Cochrane Reem Al-HababiThis open access book provides a topical overview of the key sustainability issues in Qatar, focusing on environmental sustainability from a socio-political perspective. The transition to a sustainable Qatar requires engagement with diverse areas of social-political, human, and environmental development. On the environmental aspects, the contributors address climate change, food security, water reuse and desalination, energy, and biodiversity. The socio-political section examines state strategy and regulation, the place of environmental law and geopolitics and sustainability innovators and catalysts. The human section considers economics, sustainability education, the knowledge economy, and waste management. In doing so, the book demarcates the ways in which the country encounters and grapples with significant challenges and delves into the range of options for future pathways to sustainability in Qatar. Relevant to policymakers and scholars in energy and environment, urban and developmental studies, as well as the arenas of politics, climate change and policy, this book is a landmark collection on environmental policy in the Gulf and beyond.
Sustainable Reform and Development in Post-Olympic China (Routledge Studies on the Chinese Economy)
by Stephen L. Morgan Bin Wu Shujie Yao Dylan SutherlandAfter thirty years of economic reform, China has reached a crossroads in its development process, and faces many challenges in the use of natural resources, the living environment, and the economic, social and political systems. The sustainability of China’s reform and development is even more salient in the face of the global financial crisis and economic recession. Taking the 2008 Olympic Games in Beijing as an iconic turning-point, the book explores key themes such as economic reform and sustainability, innovation and sustainability, globalisation and social development, and analyses the prospects for sustainable reform and development in Post-Olympic China. The book includes topics such as Chinese banking reforms; the issue of regional inequalities; energy and environmental challenges; industry development and corporate social responsibility, and democracy and media bloggers. With analysis written by experts from a wide range of disciplines, the book will appeal to a wide range of readers interested in China’s environment and sustainable development, economic and political reform, and international relations.
Sustainable Regeneration of Former Military Sites
by Samer Bagaeen Celia ClarkSustainable Regeneration of Former Military Sites is the first book to analyze a profound land use change happening all over the world: the search for sustainable futures for property formerly dedicated to national defense now becoming redundant, disposed of and redeveloped. The new military necessity for rapid flexible response requires quite different physical resources from the massive fixed positions of the Cold War, with huge tracts of land and buildings looking for new uses. The transition from military to civilian life for these complex, contaminated, isolated, heritage laden and often contested sites in locations ranging from urban to remote is far from easy. There is very little systematic analysis of what follows base closures, leaving communities, governments, developers, and planners experimenting with untested land use configurations, partnership structures, and financing strategies. With twelve case studies drawn from different countries, many written by those involved, Sustainable Regeneration of Former Military Sites enables the diverse stakeholders in these projects to discover unique opportunities for reuse and learn from others’ experiences of successful regeneration.
Sustainable Resilient Built Environments: Proceedings of SRBE 2022, India (Advances in 21st Century Human Settlements)
by Susan Ang Rama Devi Nandineni Norwina Binti Mohd NawawiThe proceedings of Sustainable Resilient Built Environments are based on the SRBE 2022 conference held in December 2022. It focuses on the advances under the overarching theme of ‘Sustainability’. The concept of ‘Sustainability’ has been conventionally defined as meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. In scientific literature, sustainable development has been analysed using different qualitative approaches, such as economic, social, ecological, cultural, institutional, ethical, and political. In this edited volume, the concepts of both ‘sustainability’, and ‘resilience’ are considered to open up useful pathways towards achieving sustainable buildings and infrastructure. Though the concepts of sustainability and resilience are considered to help improve the built environment, the interrelations and interdependence between these two concepts are not clearly evident. This has led to the questions such as: Is thesustainable built environment always resilient? Is the resilient built environment always sustainable? What more is needed for sustainability? In exploring these pertinent questions, the proposed edited volume is expected to unveil and disseminate new insights on the themes related to sustainable and resilient built environment.The themes of the proceedings lay a platform for researchers and professionals to integrate the aspects including smart, innovation, technologies, green, energy efficiency, carbon reduction, sustainability and resilience with regard to buildings and other built infrastructure. Specific objectives included as per the five themes are as follows:Environment Design and SustainabilitySustainable & Smart BuildingsCommunity Resilience & Social SustainabilityHeritage and SustainabilityPandemic issues and sustainable development
Sustainable Resource Development In The Third World
by Doug Southgate John F DisingerOver time, scientists, technologists, and resource managers in affiuent countries have devised and institutionalized methodologies for exploiting and managing natural resources in their own environments with considerable success. In doing so, they have provided models, at least of development and affiuence, that the less developed countries seek to employ. An international symposium involving both invited and contributed papers addressing the technological and institutional challenges of sustainable development of natural resources in the Third World was staged in September 1985 in Columbus, Ohio, co-sponsored by The Argonne National Laboratory of Argonne, Illinois, The Tropical Renewable Resources Program and the School of Natural Resources of The Ohio State University, and the United States Agency for International Development. This volume presents selected papers from the symposium.
Sustainable Retail Development: New Success Strategies
by Jerry YudelsonSustainable Retail Development, addresses the emerging issue of green retail buildings and retail development that will grow significantly in importance over the next half-decade, a trend seen throughout the developed world. This volume is a practical and comprehensive guide to greening retail real estate, including green building and marketing strategies, corporate sustainability programs and features a 10-point "action program" for greening any retail real estate portfolio. Sustainable Retail Development, should be essential reading for professionals in design, construction and operations of shopping centers and retail stores. Well illustrated, this volume features over 30 green retail developments from North America, Europe, South America, Asia and Australia, as well as interviews with 25 leading industry experts.
Sustainable Rural and Urban Ecosystems: Design, Implementation and Operation
by Detlef Glücklich Gunther GellerThese days human beings have a profound influence on aspects of the planetary ecosystem, e.g. on climate change and biodiversity, to name only two. This manual is intended to help practitioners, who are dealing with human-based rural and urban settlement-ecosystems, in the key steps towards their realization (design, implementation, and operation) and helpful for all, who are concerned about ensuring their practical sustainability. The ecosystem-approach is holistic and integrative, encompassing various disciplines like architecture, landscape architecture, environmental engineering, social sciences, life sciences, ecology, and management. It also considers issues such as energy-savings, ecological cycles, reuse, natural resources, socio-cultural background, real participation, and holistic quality management. Thus it not only explains the general concept, the steps of realization and the respective involved stakeholders, but also gives hints and tools for practitioners. The information, recommendations and tools are directed to the following target groups, among others: * Local planning authorities (giving hints for the procedure and the involved stakeholders) * Designers (holistic approach, procedures, tools) * Regulatory bodies, licensing and financing authorities (requirements for approach and procedures) * Construction and implementing firms and institutions (recommendations, tools) * Operating bodies (hints for operation, tools) The experiences are based on a joint German-Ghanaian program at Valley View University, the biggest private university in Ghana, intended to help realize the vision of a truly holistic ecological university. It was financed originally by the German Ministry of Education and Research and recently by the German Ministry for the Environment in the frame of the Climate Change Initiative of the Federal Government of Germany.
Sustainable Smart Cities and Territories (Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems #253)
by Juan M. Corchado Saber TrabelsiThis book constitutes the proceedings of this year’s Sustainable Smart Cities and Territories International Conference (SSCt 2021), held in Doha, Qatar, from the 27th to the 29th of April 2021. The SSCt 2021 is an open symposium that brings together researchers and developers from academia and industry to present and discuss the latest scientific and technical advances in the fields of Smart Cities and Smart Territories. It promotes an environment for discussion on how techniques, methods, and tools help system designers accomplish the transition from the current cities towards those we need in a changing world. The program includes keynote abstracts, a main technical track, two workshops, and a doctoral consortium. The symposium is organized by the Texas A&M University at Qatar. We would like to thank all the contributing authors, the members of the Local Committee, Scientific Committee, Organizing Committee, and the sponsors (Texas A&M University of Qatar, AIR Institute and the IoT Digital Innovation Hub) for their hard work and dedication.
Sustainable Smart Cities: Enabling Technologies, Energy Trends and Potential Applications
by Ghanshyam Singh Priyanka MishraThis book discusses the architecture, design and implementation of critical components of Sustainable Smart Cities to support governance, transportation, energy, healthcare, factories, technologies, securities, agriculture and education. The authors discuss the background of sustainable smart cities architectures and technologies and describe the problems that arise in design and implementation. In particular, this book discusses a proposed, 6G-based framework and architecture of IoT based sustainable smart cities. The authors describe the use of artificial intelligence in many zones of cities to increase the system's performance and efficiency. With the detailed discussion of energy management in smart cities, they have also presented how Internet of Vehicles (IoV) uses wireless communication and sensing technology to establish a network of information exchange between vehicles, infrastructure, and the environment. The discussion also includes Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) as well as Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) for IoT based sustainable smart cities. This book explores societal, economic, and practical reforms that would promote smart cities, based on a variety of case studies.
Sustainable Solar Housing: Exemplary Buildings and Technologies
by Robert Hastings Maria WallThis far-reaching and authoritative two-volume set examines a range of potential solutions for low-energy building design, considering different strategies (energy conservation and renewable energy) and technologies (relating to the building envelope, ventilation, heat delivery, heat production, heat storage, electricity and control). Energy and life-cycle impacts are considered as crucial factors, including passive and active solar use, daylighting and high efficiency conventional heat production. Each volume assesses the potential of these options in a variety of contexts, covering different housing types (apartment, row and detached) in cold, temperate and mild climates. The impressive list of expert authors from 14 countries includes a mix of internationally respected academics and practitioners, working together within the framework of a five-year International Energy Agency (IEA) research project. Volume 1 presents strategies and solutions, offering the reader a solid basis for developing concepts, considering environmental and economic concerns for housing projects in a variety of contexts. Volume 2 offers a detailed analysis of exemplary buildings in different European countries and examines the various technologies employed to achieve their remarkable performance. Aided by clear, full colour illustrations, it offers invaluable insights into the application of these technologies.
Sustainable Solar Housing: Volume 1 - Exemplary Buildings and Technologies
by Maria Wall S. Robert HastingsThis far-reaching and authoritative two-volume set examines a range of potential solutions for low-energy building design, considering different strategies (energy conservation and renewable energy) and technologies (relating to the building envelope, ventilation, heat delivery, heat production, heat storage, electricity and control). Energy and life-cycle impacts are considered as crucial factors, including passive and active solar use, daylighting and high efficiency conventional heat production. Each volume assesses the potential of these options in a variety of contexts, covering different housing types (apartment, row and detached) in cold, temperate and mild climates. The impressive list of expert authors from 14 countries includes a mix of internationally respected academics and practitioners, working together within the framework of a five-year International Energy Agency (IEA) research project. Volume 1 presents strategies and solutions, offering the reader a solid basis for developing concepts, considering environmental and economic concerns for housing projects in a variety of contexts. Volume 2 offers a detailed analysis of exemplary buildings in different European countries and examines the various technologies employed to achieve their remarkable performance. Aided by clear, full colour illustrations, it offers invaluable insights into the application of these technologies.
Sustainable Solar Housing: Volume 1 - Strategies and Solutions
by Maria Wall S. Robert HastingsThis far-reaching and authoritative two-volume set examines a range of potential solutions for low-energy building design, considering different strategies (energy conservation and renewable energy) and technologies (relating to the building envelope, ventilation, heat delivery, heat production, heat storage, electricity and control). Energy and life-cycle impacts are considered as crucial factors, including passive and active solar use, daylighting and high efficiency conventional heat production. Each volume assesses the potential of these options in a variety of contexts, covering different housing types (apartment, row and detached) in cold, temperate and mild climates. The impressive list of expert authors from 14 countries includes a mix of internationally respected academics and practitioners, working together within the framework of a five-year International Energy Agency (IEA) research project. Volume 1 presents strategies and solutions, offering the reader a solid basis for developing concepts, considering environmental and economic concerns for housing projects in a variety of contexts. Volume 2 offers a detailed analysis of exemplary buildings in different European countries and examines the various technologies employed to achieve their remarkable performance. Aided by clear, full colour illustrations, it offers invaluable insights into the application of these technologies.
Sustainable Solutions: Let Knowledge Serve the City
by B.D. Wortham-Galvin Jennifer H. Allen Jacob D.B. ShermanPortland, Oregon. Sustainability might not seem glamourous, but Portland is making a name for itself as one of the most sustainable cities in the world. Whether you’ve heard about the farmers’ markets, the cycle-friendly streets or the ongoing efforts to balance livability and equity, Portland is leading the way in urban sustainability: this book helps us understand how it achieves this.A critical component of Portland’s success is collaboration between different communities and institutions; the Sustainable Solutions series examines higher education’s role in these partnerships. In exploring how best to “let knowledge serve the city”, Portland State University translates its founding motto from mere words to applied research and action.This first volume examines different approaches to collaborative work that PSU has taken, both within the university and with community partners: how have barriers been overcome between different areas of study, between academia and the public, and why is bridging these divides so important? It also introduces the themes of the engaged university, social justice, climate change and sustainable economic development, which shape PSU’s work.Let Knowledge Serve the City is ideal for anyone seeking best practice in connecting students and universities with the needs of local communities. From public interest design and student leadership, to food justice and age-friendly development, authors combine academically rigorous theories of sustainability and community-university partnerships with lessons learned on how to realize ideals of sustainable development.
Sustainable Spaces in Arid and Semiarid Zones of Mexico (The Latin American Studies Book Series)
by Liliana Lizárraga-Mendiola Carlos Alfredo Bigurra-Alzati Gabriela A. Vázquez-RodríguezThis book portrays interesting aspects of communities where livability, comfort, materials, and traditional construction procedures are part of the cultural context. The book is focused on the importance of incorporating environmental criteria and sustainable infrastructure to contribute to the Sustainable Development Goals and to improve the population's quality of life in arid and semi-arid zones of the Global South. This book constitutes an introduction to the sustainable construction of livable spaces for undergraduate and postgraduate students, although professionals of the construction industry and urban policy makers will also find this work valuable.
Sustainable Strategic Management
by Jean Garner Stead W Edward SteadSustainable strategic management (SSM) involves analysing, formulating, and implementing business strategies that are economically competitive, socially responsible, and in balance with the cycles of nature. SSM has emerged from the coevolutionary interactions of business organisations with the society they serve and the planet they call home. SSM strategic portfolios allow organisations to create competitive advantages by serving as agents of social change and ecological protection.This book has been specifically written as a text for traditional graduate and undergraduate strategic management courses, and its short length makes appropriate as a supplementary text in these courses as well. The authors have structured the book to follow the standard strategic management process, and they have included an ongoing descriptive case on Eastman Chemical Company designed to provide an in-depth example of the concepts presented in the chapters.From creating organisational visions and missions, to formulating, implementing, and evaluating goals and strategies, this book provides readers with new ways of thinking about their organisation's strategic role in the greater society and ecosystem now and in the future.
Sustainable Strategies for Air Pollution Mitigation: Development, Economics, and Technologies (The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry #133)
by Matthew Chidozie Ogwu Sylvester Chibeuze IzahThis book reviews air pollution, discussing its far-reaching impacts and presenting sustainable strategies to effectively address and mitigate these challenges. The book explores how addressing air pollution is in alignment with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, specifically SDG 3 (Good Health and Well-being), SDG 11 (Sustainable Cities and Communities), and SDG 13 (Climate Action). In this book, readers will find in-depth discussions on the effects of air pollution on human health, ecosystems, and the environment, underscoring the urgent need for effective mitigation strategies and the critical role of air pollution in driving climate change. The book also examines the economic impacts of air pollution and the disproportionate burden it places on vulnerable populations, emphasizing the importance of equitable public health policies and the necessity of social justice in pollution control efforts. Furthermore, this work presents sustainable strategies for managing air quality, stressing their significance for both human health and climate benefits. It provides an authoritative analysis of the policies and regulations crucial to achieving clean air, highlighting their role in reducing the adverse effects of air pollution on public health. Special attention is given to the latest technologies and innovations designed to mitigate air pollution. Together with its companion volume, "Air Pollutants in the Context of the One Health Approach: Fundamentals, Sources, and Impacts," this book serves as an essential resource for researchers, policymakers, students, and all those dedicated to tackling the complex challenges posed by air pollution and its far-reaching consequences for human health, the environment, and global sustainability.