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Teacher Education in the Global Era: Perspectives and Practices
by Karanam PushpanadhamThis book discusses the perspectives and practices of teacher education programs in order to shed new light on the national priorities, policies, curriculum inputs, delivery mechanisms, challenges and future trends in 20 selected countries. It examines and compares the complexity of teacher education in international contexts, providing insights into educational change and reform in emerging democracies. Further, it includes cases from various countries that reflect how the profession is moving forward. In order to deepen readers’ understanding of teacher training and the challenges posed by globalization, the book concludes with a discussion of theoretical perspectives applied to teacher education, and with recommendations for new directions. Given its scope, the book is an essential read for teacher educators, students, and researchers working in the field of education.
Teacher Education in the Nordic Region: Challenges and Opportunities (Evaluating Education: Normative Systems and Institutional Practices)
by Eyvind ElstadThis open access book is the first account of the whole diversity of teacher education in the Nordic region: Norway, Sweden, Finland, Denmark, Iceland, Greenland, the Faroe Islands, the Åland Islands and Sápmi (where the Sámi people live). Today, large parts of the world are looking to the Nordic model of social organization, and interest in the Nordic comprehensive school system and teacher education arrangements is no exception. A good education is a key to prosperity and well-being. And the quality of students’ education is undoubtedly linked to the quality of their teachers’ education. While teacher education in the Nordic region is globally admired, it also faces new challenges. The leading scholars writing in this volume discuss the challenges and opportunities that professional environments are facing. By providing solid portraits of each area as well as analyses across the region, this book will be a great resource to students, academics in teacher education and schooling as well as social scientists and policy-makers inside and outside the Nordic region.This is an open access book.
Teacher Education through Active Engagement: Raising the professional voice (Routledge Research in Education Policy and Politics)
by Lori BeckettTeacher Education through Active Engagement identifies and addresses a contemporary issue: the ways in which teaching and teacher education are articulated by politicians, civil servants, business leaders and educational entrepreneurs intent on profit-making in the current global neoliberal policy context. This is often characterised by narrow and ill-conceived ideas about teacher characteristics and competences; recruiting and fast-tracking graduates from elsewhere into the profession; the reform of teacher training with less emphasis on theory and academic study; a narrow focus on teachers’ core skills; and the promotion of training in model ‘teaching schools’. In this book contributors challenge this conceptualisation and demonstrate practitioners’ necessary intellectual activity to wrest back professional control. By drawing on practice-focused research carried out in sites of educational policy and practice, each chapter exemplifies for teachers, student teachers and teacher educators the sort of ‘knowledge work’ to coordinate a professional reply to non-educationalists who dictate the terms of teaching and teacher education. The book provides directions for encouraging critical thinking, analytical skills and political activism, which consider the needs and interests of diverse children and young people in real classrooms, real schools and real communities. Illustrated throughout with practice-focused research and drawing on the historical case of Winifred Mercier and her colleagues at the City of Leeds training college who challenged the establishment to leave a legacy of professional control, the book will appeal to practitioners, academics and researchers in the fields of teacher education and education studies.
Teacher Education: An Analytical Approach to Internship Practices Around the World
by G. S. Prakasha Anthony KennethThis volume analyses how teaching internships that support teacher education programmes are conducted across the globe. Teaching internships are important learning experiences in teacher training programmes – a core experiential component that enables teachers-intraining to acquire skills in practical setups. The book takes readers through various aspects of teaching internships. Extending its application to both national and international teacher education programmes, to include teacher training in elementary, primary, secondary and higher secondary schools, the volume discusses various existing teaching internship models, important guidelines and best practices, assessment practices, typical challenges as well as future opportunities for effective teaching internships. It also shares expertise, insights and know-how from scholars around the world on planning and executing excellent internships for these programmes. Drawn from expert research, this book will be of interest to students, teachers and researchers of education, teacher education, sociology of education, and politics of education. It will also be useful for teacher trainees, academicians, teacher educators, policymakers, school teachers, curriculum developers, teacher training institutes and universities offering teacher education programmes.
Teacher Educators in Vocational and Further Education (SpringerBriefs in Education)
by Sai LooThis book includes a range of empirical-based international contributions by the global community of teacher educators and related researchers on the Further Education/post-compulsory, vocational/occupational and lifelong learning sector.It offers theoretical frameworks and empirical data to delineate issues relating to teacher educators and training in areas regarding policy, programmes, and pedagogic activities. Some of these areas include the education of teachers in vocational education, the professionalization of teacher educators in a neoliberal education system, and teacher educators' perspectives of a training programme for vocational education and training. Additionally, the areas cover the relevance of coherence in vocational teacher education for teacher educators, the use of questioning strategies for teacher educators, teacher educators and their initial disciplines, journeys and job titles, the relevance of craft and reflectivity of teacher educators, and the importance of teacher education and mentoring scheme. The rationale for this book is that there is a comparative lack of research and related publications on teacher educators and the delivery and design of teacher education facilitation in the sector internationally. Also, the FE sector is viewed as a backwater of educational research compared to the other sectors.
Teacher Ethics and Teaching Quality in Scandinavian Schools: New Reflections, Future Challenges, and Global Impacts (Routledge Research in Teacher Education)
by Merete Wiberg Karen Bjerg Petersen Lars Emmerik Damgaard Knudsen Lisbeth HaastrupThis edited volume explores the idea that educational success in Scandinavian countries can be attributed to the inherent connectedness of teacher ethics and teaching quality, providing inspiration to teachers and school systems outside Scandinavia. Acknowledging that Scandinavian school systems are known for mirroring the welfare systems and democratic societies with respect for both institutions and individuals, this book explores new educational demands, possibilities, and research developments taking place in Scandinavian countries such as Denmark, Norway, and Sweden that place the education system, and teachers’ professional development and identities, under pressure. Chapters address teacher ethics and quality in relation to topics such as the dialogical teacher, democratic teaching, parental collaboration, and the ethics of classroom management to inform non-Scandinavian, international school systems and teacher education initiatives. Discussing current developments in the Scandinavian school systems and the emerging educational ideas and practices within them, this book will appeal to scholars, researchers, and postgraduate students studying teachers and teacher education, moral and values education, and teacher identities more broadly. It will also be useful to policymakers and teacher educators involved with teachers’ professional development more broadly.
Teacher Evaluation Policies and Practices in Japan: How performativity works in schools (Routledge Series on Schools and Schooling in Asia)
by Masaaki KatsunoThis book explores the impacts of the introduction of new teacher evaluation policies on teachers and head teachers in Japan, particularly that of producing and reinforcing mutual policing relations among teachers and the destabilisation of their identities. It is timely given the big surge of interest world-wide in measuring and developing teachers’ quality to ensure better learning outcomes. As in many other countries, teachers in Japan have to account for their performance and competence in new ways. This book focuses on the nature and impact of these new accountabilities by drawing on data from a national survey and in-depth interviews with a sample of teachers and head teachers as it surveys: New teacher evaluation policies Theories of teacher evaluation and performativity Views on the new teacher evaluation policies The enactment of the new teacher evaluation policies The quantitative data is used to show how teachers experience and perceive the new teacher evaluation policies and practices, and the qualitative data is used to discuss the depth of analysis required to look at the nature of performativity. This book will be a valued addition to the research base upon which both policy makers and practitioners across the nations can draw for the improvement of teacher evaluation as a means of professional development and accountability.
Teacher Evaluation as Cultural Practice: A Framework for Equity and Excellence (Language, Culture, and Teaching Series)
by María del Carmen Salazar Jessica LernerMoving beyond the expectations and processes of conventional teacher evaluation, this book provides a framework for teacher evaluation that better prepares educators to serve culturally and linguistically diverse (CLD) learners. Covering theory, research, and practice, María del Carmen Salazar and Jessica Lerner showcase a model to aid prospective and practicing teachers who are concerned with issues of equity, excellence, and evaluation. Introducing a comprehensive, five-tenet model, the book demonstrates how to place the needs of CLD learners at the center and offers concrete approaches to assess and promote cultural responsiveness, thereby providing critical insight into the role of teacher evaluation in confronting inequity. This book is intended to serve as a resource for those who are committed to the reconceptualization of teacher evaluation in order to better support CLD learners and their communities, while promoting cultural competence and critical consciousness for all learners.
Teacher Expectations and Pupil Learning (Routledge Library Editions: Education)
by Roy NashIn the field of teacher expectations and pupil learning one important psychological truth is that the pupils’ achievement in learning is strongly influenced by the teachers’ expectations of their level of performance, high or low. Roy Nash discusses critically and fully important research in this area. In the belief that research must be interpreted within an overall theory of social action, the author relates the empirical studies which he examines to an interactionist theory. He emphasizes the importance of making teachers aware of the implications of what they are doing and of the possibility of establishing wider and more educative patterns of interaction. He shows that research into ‘attitudes’, ‘perceptions’, or ‘expectations’ is all essentially concerned with the same problem: how teachers relate to pupils on the basis of a model of what pupils may be. Much of the work he discusses has direct relevance to teachers in their day-to-day work. The research findings will help them to become more aware of their attitudes and how these influence their actions, and should make them more likely to give all their pupils equal opportunities within their classes. Among the topics covered are observational and experimental studies of teacher expectations, the analysis of classroom climate, self-conceptions, pupils’ perceptions and expectations, and the significance of classroom-based research into teacher/pupil interaction.
Teacher Expertise in the Global South: Theory, Research and Evidence (Cambridge Education Research)
by Jason AndersonThere are many expert teachers working in the global South and we can learn a great deal from them. Neither of these claims should be surprising, yet to date there has been almost no research conducted on expert teachers working in Southern contexts. Instead, the huge sums of money invested in attempting to improve teacher quality in the South have frequently been directed towards introducing exogenous practices or interventions that may be culturally inappropriate, practically infeasible and ultimately unsustainable – often failing as a result. In this pioneering book, Jason Anderson provides an authoritative overview of the practices, cognition and professionalism of expert teachers working in low-income contexts. By drawing upon both systematic reviews of teacher expertise and effectiveness research, and his own fieldwork in India, he argues that without an understanding of expert teachers working in all contexts worldwide, we cannot truly understand expertise itself.
Teacher Labour Markets during an Era of Economic Boom: China through 1979–2019 (Routledge Series on Learners, Teachers, and the Economy)
by Ji LiuThis book sets out to examine the underlying educational implications of rapid economic transformation, using illustrative analyses of teacher labour markets during the years of unprecedented economic growth in China. Combining historic document archive and empirical micro-level quantitative data, the book examines trends in teacher labour market and their relevant consequences by investigating wage-attractiveness of the teaching profession, consequential shifts in the composition of the teacher force, implications for student learning, and emerging alternative career destinations for teacher exits. While this book focuses on a specific country case, its analytic context is broadly relevant for a range of developing countries that aspire to better understand, through an occupational choice lens, how shifting economic landscapes influence teacher career decisions and consequentially teacher quality and student learning. Teacher policy scholars, comparative education researchers, labour economists, economic and education historians, teacher union researchers, and education policy makers will find this volume of interest.
Teacher Management in China: The Transformation of Educational Systems (Routledge Contemporary China Series)
by John Benson Ying Zhu Eva HuangEducation has long been highly valued in China, and continues to be highly valued, both by the state, which appreciates the value of education for maintaining China's economic rise, and by parents, who, affected by the One Child Policy, devote a large proportion of their incomes to their one child's education. This book explores current systems of teacher management in China and assesses their effectiveness. It charts the development of China's education system, outlines present day human resource management methods in Chinese schools, including practices for recruitment and selection, training and development, performance appraisal, and rewards, both pay and non-financial rewards, and describes recent changes and innovations. The book concludes that a high performance work system, enhanced by traditional paternalistic humanised management and by pragmatism, predominates, with important consequences for teachers’ jobs and performance, and for the quality of students' school life.
Teacher Mediated Agency in Educational Reform in China
by Hongzhi YangThis book examines teacher agency in implementing English as a Foreign Language (EFL) curriculum reform in the Chinese university context. It theorizes the concept of teacher agency from a sociocultural theory perspective and draws on a study conducted in a conservative and less developed area in China. The book uses Engeström's activity theory and Vygotsky's concept of the Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) to understand the nature and extent of teacher agency in adapting one's teaching with respect to beliefs, knowledge and instructional practices. The study concludes that curriculum reform in China needs to shift from reliance on 'top-down' policies to 'bottom-up' implementation that mobilizes local understandings and practices. One of the implications of this study is that transformative teacher education programs aimed at developing teacher pedagogical agency require that teachers have ongoing opportunities to design, develop and evaluate curriculum-based mediational means.
Teacher Professional Learning in an Age of Compliance
by Susan Groundwater-Smith Nicole MocklerTeacher Professional Learning in an Age of Compliance: Mind the Gap examines ways in which practice-based inquiry in educational settings, in a number of different countries and contexts, can transcend current ways of working and thinking such that authentic professional learning is the result. The authors contend that education policy, under pressure from a number of quarters, is retreating into a standardized, audited, and backward-looking arena, with the advances of more progressive educational philosophy being rolled back. In an age where practitioner inquiry and action research have often been 'hijacked' for the purposes of broad-based policy implementation, this book offers a rationale for reclaiming the critical edge so fundamental to inquiry-based professional learning. It examines the potential of inquiry-based forms of teacher professional learning to contribute to the growth of professional knowledge for and about teachers' work. The authors intend that the book will assist in building new forms of professional knowledge that go beyond the current compliance model - engineered from less enduring materials - to inform a new model with its foundations in a strong ethical and moral framework. They also believe that this new model, if implemented, will help to reverse today's conservative educational trends and make teacher professional development a force for genuine progress once again. They have consciously moved away from the celebratory tone of much of the academic reporting of teacher professional learning, adopting instead a genuinely critical edge. In covering a wide range of policies and practices from across the international spectrum, they have allowed themselves the freedom to engage in serious epistemological arguments about the nature of professional knowledge, as well as how it is constructed and employed.
Teacher Professional Learning: The Singapore Perspective (Empowering Teaching and Learning through Policies and Practice: Singapore and International Perspectives #3)
by Shu-Shing Lee Pamela Costes-Onishi Bee Leng Chua Alexius Chia Monica Woei Ling OngThis book provides an insider&’s perspective of the Singapore education system that views teacher capacity building as a key lever for quality educational experiences. It describes experiences from policy conceptualisation to practice implementations of teacher learning. This book includes international perspectives in the form of expert commentaries and critique where comparisons are made between Singapore&’s experiences and those of other education systems. It also describes the complexities of teacher professional learning within and across three levels: policies, partnerships, and schools, that shape policy to practice implementations of teacher professional learning from pre-service to in-service teachers. Together with the international scholars, this book shares the lessons learnt in Singapore to encourage policy makers, scholars, and schools to continue thinking about how teacher professional learning can be enhanced, caution against the direct transfer of practices, and describe how teacher capacity building lays the foundation for the education system to stay relevant, address challenges, and meet students&’ needs.
Teacher Professionalism in the Global South: A Decolonial Perspective (Bristol Studies in Comparative and International Education)
by Jennifer Rowsell Alf Coles Julia Paulson Leon Tikly Poonam Batra Rafael Mitchell Angeline M. Barrett Alexandra Bernal Leanne Cameron Zawadi Richard Juma Nidia Aviles Nunez Nigusse Weldemariam Reda Michael Tusiime Beatriz VejaranoThis book provides a decolonial critique of dominant global agendas concerning teacher professionalism and proposes a new understanding based on UNESCO-funded research with teachers based in Colombia, Ethiopia (Tigray), India, Rwanda and Tanzania. Outlining from a teacher’s perspective how teacher professionalism may be conceptualized, this book critiques dominant global narratives and conceptions based on deficit discourses. The authors argue that a decolonial lens can help to contextualize the perspectives, experiences and material conditions of teachers in the global South, and the value of such a framework for informing global debates and decision-making in education.
Teacher Quality and Education Policy in India: Understanding the Relationship Between Teacher Education, Teacher Effectiveness, and Student Outcomes (Routledge Research in Teacher Education)
by Alexander W. Wiseman Preeti KumarBy drawing on quantitative data and qualitative analyses of five major national education policies implemented in India over the last 15 years, this comprehensive volume explores their impact on teacher quality and perceived effectiveness, explaining how this relates to variations in student performance. Responding to a national agenda to increase the quality of the Indian teacher workforce, Teacher Quality and Education Policy in India critically questions the application of human capital theory to Indian education policy. Chapters provide in-depth and strategically structured analyses of five national policies – including the recently approved National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 – to see how Indian policymakers use teacher quality as a driver and measurement of education and national economic development. Ultimately, the text offers evidence-based policy recommendations to improve teacher quality in India, suggesting that while all five policies have contributed significant frameworks and recommendations for teacher quality reform, they have failed to move beyond a symbolic function. Given its rigorous methodological approach, this book will be a valuable addition to the under-researched question of education policymaking in postcolonial contexts. It will be an indispensable resource not only for scholars working on policymaking in the Indian context, but also for those working at the intersection of education, teacher development, and policymaking in developing countries.
Teacher Quality and Teacher Education Quality: Accreditation from a Global Perspective
by Karen Karp Nicholas M. Michelli Robin Dada Deborah Eldridge Rana M. TamimAccreditation of teacher education programs is increasingly embraced internationally and is being modeled after the American experience, despite criticisms from some in the field of teacher education in the United States. This book examines the transformation of accreditation and the interest and perception of nations and regions choosing to use the model in their own culture, including the Middle East and Gulf Region, South America, and the United Kingdom. Its distinctive edge is the juxtaposition of three sectors: quality assurance/accreditation, teacher preparation, and global/international experiences. The authors address how the adoption of a universal requirement for accreditation embraces a particular view of what teacher quality means. The emphasis on the development of teacher preparation in concert with accreditation is of academic interest to scholars in the United States and abroad. The experiences and voices of teacher educators as international colleagues in a global climate of accountability brings a fresh perspective on shared challenges.
Teacher Quality, Professional Learning and Policy: Recognising, Rewarding and Developing Teacher Expertise
by Christine Forde Margery McMahonThis book examines the significance of teacher expertise in the drive to improve quality and effectiveness. Scrutinising both key conceptual issues and current policy developments and approaches, the authors analyse educational systems from around the world and question how different cultural contexts and systems can implement measures to improve teacher effectiveness. The book analyses factors such as policy change and teacher evaluation as well as the regulation of the teaching profession to determine how these aspects can influence the expertise of individual teachers. As numerous policy interventions have tried to define and enhance teacher quality to raise pupil achievement, this book calls for an interrogation of this stance and signals a need to consider an alternative approach. This book will appeal to students and scholars of teacher effectiveness and professional learning, as well as researchers and policymakers.
Teacher Retention in an Age of Performative Accountability: Target Culture and the Discourse of Disappointment
by Jane PerrymanIn this insightful and timely volume, Jane Perryman provides a definitive analysis of the crisis in teacher recruitment and retention through a critique of the culture of performative accountability in education, bringing together theory, literature, and empirical data. Drawing on data across several long-term research projects and through a Foucauldian theoretical framework, Perryman argues that teachers’ working lives, both in the UK and internationally, are being increasingly affected by the rise in the neoliberal performativity and accountability culture in schools. Teachers’ work is increasingly directed towards assessment, exams, progress measures, and preparation for review and inspection, and drawn away from the more individualistic and creative aspects of the job. This culture of hyper accountability and super-performativity, Perryman argues, has created a ‘discourse of disappointment’ – where the hopes and aspirations of teachers are crushed beneath the performative pressures under which they work. Teacher Retention in an Age of Performative Accountability offers a convincing, compellingly written critical analysis of how the values, purposes and practices embedded in education affect the working experience of teachers over time. Perryman makes a significant contribution to our understanding of the effects of accountability and performativity mechanisms in schools and offers insight into why so many teachers leave the profession. This analysis is important to scholars, educators, and policymakers alike.
Teacher Selection: Evidence-Based Practices
by Robert M. Klassen Lisa E. KimMarketing text: This book combines theory and research from educational and organizational psychology to provide guidance on improving the teacher selection process and, subsequently, educational outcomes for all students. The book identifies the characteristics of effective teachers, analyzes research on selection practices, and examines new approaches to teacher selection, recruitment, and development. The central premise of the book is that improving the effectiveness of teachers – and, thus, students’ educational outcomes – can be achieved by making the recruitment and selection process more effective and more efficient. Accordingly, the book describes how to identify and select individuals for the teaching profession who display both strong cognitive attributes (e.g., subject knowledge) and essential non-cognitive attributes such as resilience, commitment to the profession, and motivation for teaching. Key topics Teacher selection practices from the viewpoint of organizational and educational psychology Teacher effectiveness and the role of individual attributes Situational judgment tests (SJTs) and multiple mini-interviews (MMIs) for teacher selection Implementation of teacher selection programs Teacher recruitment and development Given its scope, the book represents an essential reference guide for scholars, educational leaders and policymakers, and graduate students in educational leadership programs, as well as professionals in child and school psychology, educational psychology, teaching and teacher education.
Teacher Strike!: Public Education and the Making of a New American Political Order
by Jon SheltonA wave of teacher strikes in the 1960s and 1970s roiled urban communities. Jon Shelton illuminates how this tumultuous era helped shatter the liberal-labor coalition and opened the door to the neoliberal challenge at the heart of urban education today. Drawing on a wealth of research ranging from school board meetings to TV news reports, Shelton puts readers in the middle of fraught, intense strikes in Newark, St. Louis, and three other cities where these debates and shifting attitudes played out. He also demonstrates how the labor actions contributed to the growing public perception of unions as irrelevant or even detrimental to American prosperity. Foes of the labor movement, meanwhile, tapped into cultural and economic fears to undermine not just teacher unionism but the whole of liberalism.
Teacher Subject Identity in Professional Practice: Teaching with a professional compass (Foundations and Futures of Education)
by Clare BrooksTeacher Subject Identity in Professional Practice focuses on a key, but neglected, element of a teacher’s identity: that of their subject expertise. Studies of teachers’ professional practice have shown the importance of a teacher’s identity and the extent to which it can affect their resilience, commitment and ultimately their effectiveness. Drawing upon narrative research undertaken with a range of teachers over a period of 14 years, the book explores how subject expertise can play a significant role in teacher identity, acting as a professional compass guiding teachers at all levels of their professional practice. It reveals powerful individual stories of meaning-making which highlight the dynamic importance of teachers’ subject expertise The book’s metaphor of a professional compass goes to the heart of teacher professionalism, and provides a valuable mechanism to enable teachers to respond to challenges they face in their daily practice. It enables teachers to consider the moral dimensions of their practice, and can constitute a significant component in professional formation and identity. Throughout the book the importance of subject expertise for teachers’ professional practice is explored at a range of scales: from the classroom to broad education policy, and at different stages of a teacher’s career which offers readers a deeper understanding of the importance of subject expertise for teachers. Teacher Subject Identity in Professional Practice makes a significant contribution to an under-researched area. It identifies the role and significance of teachers’ subject expertise as a dimension of their teacher identity. The book is key reading for teacher educators, policy makers and researchers with an interest in teachers’ professional development and practice.
Teacher Transition into Innovative Learning Environments: A Global Perspective
by Thomas Kvan Wesley ImmsThis open access book focuses on how the design and use of innovative learning environments can evolve as teaching practices and education policies change. It addresses how these new environments are used, how teachers are adapting their practices, the challenges that these changes pose, and the effective evaluation of these changes. The book reports on emerging research in learning environments, with a particular emphasis on how teachers are transitioning from traditional classrooms to innovative learning environments. It offers a significant evidence-based global assessment of current research in this field by designers, architects, educators and policy makers. It presents twenty-five cutting-edge projects from researchers in fifteen countries. Thanks to the book’s comprehensive international perspective, which combines theory and practice in a single publication, readers will gain a wealth of new insights.
Teacher and Student Evaluation: Moving Beyond the Failure of School Reform
by Thomas L. Good Alyson Leah LavigneFollowing the recent major school reform of Race to the Top, schools, teachers, and students are increasingly evaluated through high-stakes achievement test scores. In six concise chapters, Teacher and Student Evaluation explores the historical rise and modern landscape of accountability in American education, and the current models of teacher evaluation. The authors provide realistic and useful suggestions for responding to current accountability demands. The authors explore the methodological concerns and policy implications of using value-added and observational measures to make high-stakes decisions. After reaching the conclusion that these contemporary evaluation practices are flawed, Alyson Lavigne and Thomas Good offer possible solutions that inform current and future teacher evaluation. This book is a valuable resource for students of educational assessment as well as policy makers, administrators, and teachers who are currently building accountability plans. The book is written in an accessible but authoritative fashion that practitioners, policymakers, and scholars will find useful.