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Redefining Politics (Routledge Library Editions: Political Science #45)
by Adrian LeftwichThis book challenges conventional conceptions of politics which focus largely on the institutions of government and the associated struggles for power around them. It argues that politics is involved in all the activities of cooperation and conflict whereby people organize the use, production and distribution of human, natural and material resources. Found in all human groups, institutions and societies, politics everywhere influences and reflects the structures of power, social organization, culture and ideology. These central themes are illustrated by drawing on a wide range of societies, including the !Kung hunter-gatherers, the pre-Columbian Aztecs and the Pastoral Maasai, as well as modern Britain and Third World societies from Chile to China. Other examples - of village communities, a typical university department and the World Bank - show how institutions may also be analyzed in terms of the definition of politics used here. It is equally central to the argument that many of the most critical problems occurring in societies can be attributed to their politics, and this theme is explored looking at such problems as poverty, famines, epidemics, violence and unemployment in Britain and throughout the world.
Redefining Rape
by Estelle B. FreedmanRape has never had a universally accepted definition, and the uproar over "legitimate rape" during the 2012 U. S. elections confirms that it remains a word in flux. "Redefining Rape" tells the story of the forces that have shaped the meaning of sexual violence in the United States, through the experiences of accusers, assailants, and advocates for change. In this ambitious new history, Estelle Freedman demonstrates that our definition of rape has depended heavily on dynamics of political power and social privilege. The long-dominant view of rape in America envisioned a brutal attack on a chaste white woman by a male stranger, usually an African American. From the early nineteenth century, advocates for womens rights and racial justice challenged this narrow definition and the sexual and political power of white men that it sustained. Between the 1870s and the 1930s, at the height of racial segregation and lynching, and amid the campaign for woman suffrage, womens rights supporters and African American activists tried to expand understandings of rape in order to gain legal protection from coercive sexual relations, assaults by white men on black women, street harassment, and the sexual abuse of children. By redefining rape, they sought to redraw the very boundaries of citizenship. Freedman narrates the victories, defeats, and limitations of these and other reform efforts. The modern civil rights and feminist movements, she points out, continue to grapple with both the insights and the dilemmas of these first campaigns to redefine rape in American law and culture.
Redefining Regional Power in International Relations: Indian and South African perspectives (Global Order Studies)
by Miriam PrysThis book examines the concept of regional power in international relations. Using the emerging powers of India and South Africa as the case studies, it explores how regional powers simultaneously differ and share common features. The book develops a method to classify and evaluate different types of regional powers and applies this typology to contemporary case studies of India and South Africa. Regional power is often expected to have a positive influence on region-specific problems of conflict, economic deprivation and political instability. In reality, an ‘achievement-expectations gap’ can be seen in many regional powers, which can be analysed and understood through observable variation in regional power. The author discovers that in addition to the management of the internal regional order, regional powers have to establish individuality whilst fitting into the global international environment, altering both regional dynamics and creating variance in the level of control within the region. Elucidating concepts and definitions, this book is an accessible and in-depth study that both introduces key concepts and provides a framework for the future study of regional power in international relations. Redefining Regional Power in International Relations will be of interest to students and scholars of regionalism and international relations.
Redefining School Safety and Policing: A Transformative Four-Pillar Model
by Jeffrey D. YarbroughRedefining School Safety and Policing identifies and works to eliminate systemic issues in school policing that negatively impact students of color, LGBTQIA+ students, and other marginalized populations. Focusing on the fundamental goal of creating safe learning environments, Yarbrough lays out the unintended consequences of involving police in the administrative disciplinary process, as agents of school administrators and enforcers of zero-tolerance policies. Behavioral health support is important to students going through social, emotional, and mental health crises. True equity work brings everyone to a safe space in the middle, encouraging open discussion and courageous dialogue and aiming to create positive change. Yarbrough argues that behavioral health and racial equity are vital to transforming school policing and providing beneficial alternative solutions to school policing that do not lead students to the juvenile or criminal justice system. This book is suitable for colleges and universities, K-12 school administrators, teachers, police and school resource officers, counselors, social workers, and community activists.
Redefining Stalinism (Totalitarianism Movements and Political Religions)
by Harold ShukmanBorn in 1879 in Georgia, Stalin joined the Bolsheviks under Lenin in 1903 and became General Secretary of the Communist Party in 1922. These edited papers reassess the deeds, policies and legacy of a man who was responsible for innumerable deaths and untold human misery.
Redefining Teacher Development
by Jonathan NeufeldHas any occupational group been the subject of as much research as elementary or primary school teachers? Written by a former elementary school teacher, this intensive study considers how the foundations of the ongoing teacher reform movement have appealed to researchers through its successive stages. By tracing these ideas back to their historical roots, Jonathan Neufeld illustrates how they actually descend from the physical and biological sciences rather than from student/teacher relationships. Neufeld’s in-depth analysis of economic trends during the 20th century shows how economic and educational reforms are closely related. He demonstrates how the century-long movement to develop teachers became obsessed with turning them into soldiers of a failing economy. This book rewrites the existing foundations and outlines a future direction that will excite researchers and practitioners alike. It introduces alternative theoretical foundations and propositions to inspire innovative discussions about teachers’ continuing educational development and what it could mean to teach children in classrooms. Since the publication of A Nation at Risk in 1982, "teacher development" has become a universal term, used to express an international movement to professionalize teachers. But imagine if the foundations of this research had little to do with life in the classroom. How would we then begin to discover what "development" means to practising teachers? Redefining Teacher Development will appeal to researchers in teacher instruction and development, as well as practising teachers with an interest in how research has conceptualised their field.
Redefining the Agenda for Social Justice: Voices from Europe and Asia
by Francine Mestrum Meena MenonThe book relates three years of history of social movements from Asia and Europe who work on social justice, as a rough overview. The work for the book is mainly done on the ground, day after day, working in villages and cities, with people and their organisations, organising resistance and preparing alternatives. It is based on the fact that European and Asian concerns are identical, in spite of divergent levels of development and wealth, and that the existing international initiatives, such as the ILO’s social protection floors, or the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals are perfectly compatible with neoliberal policies.The book goes beyond and sees social commons as a strategic tool for transforming societies. It is basically a project for the sustainability of life, of humans, of societies, and of nature. The book describes the ideas at the basis of the work in different sectors. It is not about the practice of social policies but about the ideas and discourses that can in the end shape the political practices. In sum, this book, presents a new social paradigm. It concretely shows how social justice and environmental justice do go hand in hand.
Redefining the Market-State Relationship: Responses to the Financial Crisis and the Future of Regulation (Routledge Research in Finance and Banking Law)
by Ioannis GlinavosThis book offers an interdisciplinary overview of the role of law in modern capitalism in the context of financial crisis. In this work, the reader will find a discussion of key issues relevant to the crisis that have occupied the pages of the financial press since 2007 including an assessment of the meltdown of the sub-prime mortgage market, the credit crunch, the European debt crisis and the turmoil in Greece, plus a series of theoretical contributions that are aimed to challenge perceptions of the market-state relationship and the place of law within it. The book includes a methodological defence of the state-market dichotomy, a critique of the tenets of neoclassical economics, and an evaluation of what the financial crisis heralds for the future of the political economy of western democracies. Ioannis Glinavos argues that it is a mistake to associate markets with freedom and states with oppression, and suggests that more choice for consumers can -and does- mean less choice for citizens. The book suggests that a new social contract is needed to ensure the survival of both capitalism and democracy. In contributing a unique, legal perspective to the underlying dynamics of the financial crisis, this book will be valuable to scholars and students of regulation, financial markets and economic development.
Redefining the Muslim Community: Ethnicity, Religion, and Politics in the Thought of Alfarabi
by Alexander OrwinWriting in the cosmopolitan metropolis of Baghdad, Alfarabi (870-950) is unique in the history of premodern political philosophy for his extensive discussion of the nation, or Umma in Arabic. The term Umma may be traced back to the Qur'ān and signifies, then and now, both the Islamic religious community as a whole and the various ethnic nations of which that community is composed, such as the Turks, Persians, and Arabs. Examining Alfarabi's political writings as well as parts of his logical commentaries, his book on music, and other treatises, Alexander Orwin contends that the connections and tensions between ethnic and religious Ummas explored by Alfarabi in his time persist today in the ongoing political and cultural disputes among the various nationalities within Islam.According to Orwin, Alfarabi strove to recast the Islamic Umma as a community in both a religious and cultural sense, encompassing art and poetry as well as law and piety. By proposing to acknowledge and accommodate diverse Ummas rather than ignoring or suppressing them, Alfarabi anticipated the contemporary concept of "Islamic civilization," which emphasizes culture at least as much as religion. Enlisting language experts, jurists, theologians, artists, and rulers in his philosophic enterprise, Alfarabi argued for a new Umma that would be less rigid and more creative than the Muslim community as it has often been understood, and therefore less inclined to force disparate ethnic and religious communities into a single mold. Redefining the Muslim Community demonstrates how Alfarabi's judicious combination of cultural pluralism, religious flexibility, and political prudence could provide a blueprint for reducing communal strife in a region that continues to be plagued by it today.
Redefining the New Woman, 1920-1963 (Antifeminism in America: A Collection of Readings from the Literature of the Opponents to U.S. Feminism, 1848 to the Present #2)
by Angela Howard and Sasha Ranaé Adams Tarrant2. Redefining the New Woman, 1920-1963Despite the fact that women's suffrage did not produce the catastrophic consequences predicted, mainstream opposition to the feminist movement refused to die, as exemplified in commentaries by industrialist Henry Ford, renowned literary figures D.H. Lawrence and Norman Mailer, and even presidential candidate Adlai Stevenson, all represented in this volume. The other selections first focus on sources published during the interwar years and indicate that the legacy of progressive social feminism exacerbated reactionary attitudes toward women in the context of postwar political fundamentalism, the Great Depression, and the New Deal. The second part contains literature that appeared between 1941 and 1963, and reflects the ambivalence and backlash toward wives and mothers in the workforce and the public sphere, driven by the social, political, and economic conservatism of the Cold War Era.
Redefining the Pacific?: Regionalism Past, Present and Future (The International Political Economy of New Regionalisms Series)
by Ian FrazerThis comprehensive volume examines the future effectiveness of regional institutions as well as key questions concerning the attempts to overcome ongoing serious problems of security, governance and poor economic performance in the Pacific. What is obvious from this collection is that a new and stronger commitment to overcoming national problems is required through regional cooperation. The volume is highly suited to courses on international political economy, security and regional cooperation.
Redefining the Political: Black Feminism and the Politics of Everyday Life
by Alex J. Moffett-BateauRedefining the Political documents the political life of a community of Black women living below the poverty line. Alex Moffett-Bateau spent a year interviewing residents of a public housing development on the far South Side of Chicago about their politics, political communities, and how they create collective power. Moffett-Bateau uses radical Black feminist political theory and develops a framework called the political possible-self, which argues that belonging to a community and developing political imagination foment change. These women employ grassroots efforts to subvert oppressive power structures by protesting institutions within their communities, addressing the benign neglect of their housing development, organizing community art shows and meals, volunteering at local public schools, and holding meetings to increase the political confidence of public-housing tenants by educating them on navigating government bureaucracies. Ultimately, Redefining the Political shows how political engagement at both the individual and community levels can be fruitful for nontraditional political contributions.
Redefining U.S. Education: A Systematic Approach to Teaching
by William F. Roth Ian M. RothA growing number of educators are beginning to believe that as we move into a different kind of world with different possibilities, the traditional approach to teaching is no longer the most productive. They are beginning to understand that if we are to continue progressing as a nation, we need to place more emphasis on the development of each stud
Redemption: The Last Battle of the Civil War
by Nicholas LemannIt was as if the Civil War had not really ended with the Confederate surrender at Appomattox. In the South, a second war went on for years over the question of rights, especially voting rights, for African-Americans. Nicholas Lemann's remarkable new book tells the story of the climactic events in this war, which brought Reconstruction to an end and laid the groundwork for the long reign of Jim Crow. Lemann's extraordinary narrative starts with the horrific events of Easter Sunday 1873 in Colfax, Louisiana, where Confederate veterans-turned vigilantes raised a militia to oust the elected black town government and, in a gruesome killing spree, massacred dozens of people. That was only the beginning: white Democrats then activated an organized campaign of political terrorism and intimidation that aimed to overturn the Fourteenth and Fifteenth amendments to the Constitution and challenge President Grant's support of the emerging structures of black political power. Redemption is the first book to describe in uncompromising detail this armed campaign of racial violence, which reached its apogee in Mississippi in 1875. In an atmosphere of civic chaos unseen before or since in America, well-financed "White Line" organizations pursued a remorseless strategy that left thousands of black people dead; the goal was to keep hundreds of thousands from voting, out of fear for their lives and livelihoods. Lemann bases his painstaking, devastating account on a wealth of military records, congressional investigations, memoirs, press reports, and the invaluable personal and public papers of Adelbert Ames, the young war hero from Maine who was Mississippi's governor at the time. The conflict was an intense, high-stakes drama with the future of the whole country at stake, and it came to a head when Ames pleaded with President Grant to send federal troops to thwart the white terrorists who were violently disrupting Republican Party activities and Grant wavered. The result was
Redemptive Hope: From the Age of Enlightenment to the Age of Obama (Commonalities)
by Akiba J. LernerThis is a book about the need for redemptive narratives to ward off despair and the dangers these same narratives create by raising expectations that are seldom fulfilled. The quasi-messianic expectations produced by the election of President Barack Obama in 2008, and their diminution, were stark reminders of an ongoing struggle between ideals and political realities.Redemptive Hope begins by tracing the tension between theistic thinkers, for whom hope is transcendental, and intellectuals, who have striven to link hopes for redemption to our intersubjective interactions with other human beings.Lerner argues that a vibrant democracy must draw on the best of both religious thought and secular liberal political philosophy. By bringing Richard Rorty’s pragmatism into conversation with early-twentieth-century Jewish thinkers, including Martin Buber and Ernst Bloch, Lerner begins the work of building bridges, while insisting on holding crucial differences in dialectical tension. Only such a dialogue, he argues, can prepare the foundations for modes of redemptive thought fit for the twenty-first century.
The Redeployment of State Power in the Southern Mediterranean: Implications Of Neoliberal Reforms For Local Governance
by Sylvia I. BerghThe effects of neoliberal economic reforms in the Southern Mediterranean are now widely regarded as a main underlying cause of the Arab uprisings. An often neglected dimension is that of the reforms’ implications for local governance. The contributions to this edited volume examine how state power is being re-articulated but also challenged at sub-national levels in Morocco, Egypt, Jordan, Israel, Lebanon and Turkey. They explore the effects of neoliberal economic and local governance reforms such as decentralization, public-private partnerships, and outsourcing in the area of public service delivery, poverty alleviation, and labor market reforms on local patronage networks, public accountability, and state-society relations. The findings show that such reforms are often subordinated to established patterns of political contestation among actors who seize on the opportunities that reforms offer to advance their political agendas, thereby illustrating the local specificity of ‘actually existing neoliberalisms’. The book thus fills an important knowledge gap by combining public policy and management theories with those on patron-client networks and public accountability at the local level, and situating them within the critical literature on neoliberalism. This book was published as a special issue of Mediterranean Politics.
The Redesign of the Global Financial Architecture: The Return of State Authority (Rethinking Globalizations)
by Stuart P. MackintoshIn 2007-2008 the global financial and economic system was in turmoil. This volume focuses on how the global financial architecture was redesigned following the financial crash of 2008. Its central claim is that the reforms constituted a paradigm shift, a move from the dominance of market authority to the re-assertion of state authority over financial markets and actors. The book underscores that the cycle of boom and bust, of crisis response, reform and eventual relapse are not only economic but also conceptual and ideological. Ideas matter in the political and economic calculus of policy making. Economies are underpinned by and linked to ideological narrative, a prevailing policy consensus that places limits on policy actions and options and constitutes a dominant worldview or paradigm. To become real, to be lasting, to impact actual policy choices and market actor decisions, a re-regulatory paradigm shift cannot just be conceptual or ideological. It must also be present in the institutional constructs and policy decisions that flow from the ideological regulatory shift. To gauge the fluctuating strength of the paradigm shift the book addresses the G20 summit process, the creation of the FSB, the policy output of the new forums, for signs of permanency, strength, and possible effectiveness. This work presents important new material on the financial crisis and the regulatory response to it, which will be valuable for researchers, teachers and students alike.
The Redesign of the Global Financial Architecture: State Authority, New Risks and Dynamics (Rethinking Globalizations #1)
by Stuart P. MackintoshMore than ten years on from the most intense phase of the global financial crisis, and the collective international response in the G20 summit in London, a ‘new normal’ has emerged with systems in place to mitigate against further banking crises. This updated new edition analyzes this post-crisis international and national regulatory framework and asks whether the current paradigm is fit for purpose as new dangers gestate and develop. This new edition includes a discussion of the impact of the aggressively deregulatory and anti-globalist policies of the Trump administration and its pursuit of an ‘America first’ policy and explores its implications for the regulatory landscape constructed and tended by previous leaders. The author addresses new and future systemic risks, many outside the regulated banking sector, which have grown in importance since 2015. He develops possible future scenarios for the international regulatory architecture, both negative and positive, asking ‘Are we better prepared for future banking crises?’ New risks, including the COVID-19 pandemic and economic crash, are testing the global system; and the G20, without US leadership, may be failing in this latest most severe crisis of our lifetimes. This book provides a unique narrative explanation drawn from leading actors of key events and policy changes as they unfolded immediately post-crisis. The author builds upon the first edition to capture key developments that have occurred during the past five years, while raising key questions and vulnerabilities, and looking at future risks and challenges that may emerge. This text will be of great interest to students, teachers and researchers of financial frameworks, globalisation and political economy.
The Redesigned Earth: A Brief Review of Ecology for Engineers, As If the Earth Really Mattered
by John T. TanacrediThis book provides insight into the basic aspects of ecology that impact or are affected by engineering practices. Ecological principals are described and discussed through the lens of the influences that built structures have on the Earth’s biological, geological, and chemical systems. The text goes on to elucidate the engineering influences that have or will influence the face of the Earth. These influences redesign the Earth, either by destroying natural systems and replacing them with highly subsidized systems or by attempting to restore highly disturbed or contaminated systems with the basic natural systems that were originally present.
Redesigning America's Community Colleges: A Clearer Path to Student Success
by Thomas R. BaileyCommunity colleges enroll half of the nation's undergraduates. Yet only 40 percent of entrants complete an undergraduate degree in six years. Redesigning America's Community Colleges explains how two-year colleges can increase their students' success rate quickly and at less cost, through a program of guided pathways to completion.
Redesigning Cities: Principles, Practice, Implementation
by Jonathan BarnettThis book is recommended reading for planners preparing to take the AICP exam. Too often, no one is happy with new development: Public officials must choose among unappealing alternatives, developers are frustrated and the public is angry. But growing political support for urban design, developers' interest in community building and successful examples of redesigned cities all over the U.S. are hopeful signs of change. The author explains how design can reshape suburban growth patterns, revitalize older cities, and retrofit metropolitan areas where earlier development decisions went wrong. The author describes in detail specific techniques, materials, and technologies that should be known (but often aren't) to planners, public officials, concerned citizens, and others involved in development.
Redesigning Justice for Plural Societies: Case Studies of Minority Accommodation from around the Globe (Law and Anthropology)
by Marie-Claire Foblets Katayoun Alidadi Dominik MüllerThis volume examines cases of accommodation and recognition of minority practices: cultural, religious, ethnic, linguistic or otherwise, under state law. The collection presents selected situations and experiences from a variety of regions and from different legal traditions around the world in which diverse societal stakeholders and political actors have engaged in processes leading to the elaboration of creative, innovative and, to a certain extent, sustainable solutions via accommodative laws or practices. Representing multiple disciplines and methodologies and written by esteemed scholars, the work analyses the pitfalls and successes of such accommodative practices, presenting insights into how solutions could or could not be achieved. The chapters address the sustainability and transferability of such solutions in order to further the dialogue in both scholarly and policy spheres. The book will be essential reading for academics, researchers, and policy-makers in the areas of minority rights, legal anthropology, law and religion, legal philosophy, and law and migration.
Redesigning Petroleum Taxation: Aligning Government and Investors in the UK (Routledge Explorations in Environmental Economics)
by Emre ÜşenmezSince its inception some 40 years ago, petroleum-specific taxation in the UK has been subject to numerous modifications. Often these modifications were brought into place not only to sufficiently incentivise the investors but also to capture a fair share for the government. However, it is evident from the frequency of changes that finding the right balance between these two aims is no easy matter. Such a balance, and the consequent fiscal stability, is necessary for the long-term relationship between the parties to endure to their mutual benefit. Still, it does not take much for one or other party to feel that they are out of balance. As a consequence, one party feels that the other party is taking an undue proportion of the value generated and that they are losing out. Yet achieving that balance and fiscal stability is possible. To understand this possibility, this book first clarifies what is meant by sufficient incentivisation and fair share before developing a new fiscal system that manages this balance and stability. Such clarification yields objective criteria against which to assess not only the existing regime, but also the newly proposed regime. This approach is further complemented by the critical analysis of the fiscal legislative framework and the evaluation of the legal positions of specific contractual elements and mechanisms found within that framework. This latter analysis is important in order to reduce the legal uncertainty such elements may create, which can otherwise lead to further reactive amendments and revisions to the fiscal regime in the future.
Redesigning the Financial Aid System: Why Colleges and Universities Should Switch Roles with the Federal Government
by Robert B. ArchibaldAs the cost of higher education continues to rise, students and their families find it increasingly difficult to navigate the financial aid maze. In Redesigning the Financial Aid System, economist Robert Archibald examines the history of the system and its current flaws, and he makes a radical proposal for changing the structure of the system. Archibald argues that one of the problems with the current model—in which universities are responsible for the majority of grants while the federal government provides student loans—is that a student cannot know the final price of attending a given institution until after he or she has applied, been accepted, and received a financial aid offer. As a result, students remain largely uninformed about the cost of their college educations until very late in the decision-making process and so have difficulty making a timely choice. In addition, financial aid information is kept private, creating confusion over the price of a college education and the role of financial aid.Under Archibald's proposed reforms, the federal government would assess a student's financial need and provide need-based grants, while institutions would be responsible for guaranteeing student loans. Not only would this new system demystify financial aid and allow students to be better informed about the cost of college earlier in the process, but it would greatly simplify the application procedure and prevent financial aid allocation from contributing to the problem of rising tuition costs. Archibald's clear explanation of the current system—its impact, strengths, and weaknesses—as well as his plans for reform, will be of interest to educators, administrators, students, and parents.
Redesigning the Unremarkable
by Evonne Miller Debra Flanders CushingRedesigning the Unremarkable is a timely and necessary reminder that the often neglected elements and spaces of our built environment – from trash bins, seats, stairways, and fences to streets, bikeways, underpasses, parking lots, and shopping centres – must be thoughtfully redesigned to enhance human and planetary health. Using the lens of sustainable, salutogenic, and playable design, in this inspiring book, Miller and Cushing explore the challenges, opportunities, and importance of redesigning the unremarkable. Drawing on global research, theory, practical case studies, photographs, and personal experiences, Redesigning the Unremarkable is a vital text – a doer’s guide – for researchers, policymakers, and practitioners wanting to transform and positively reimagine our urban environment.