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Reform of the Federal Reserve System in the Early 1930s: The Politics of Money and Banking (Routledge Library Editions: History of Money, Banking and Finance #12)
by Sue C. PatrickThis book, first published in 1993, examines in detail the bureaucratic and political manoeuvring surrounding the enactment of banking and monetary reforms in the 1930s. Although banking reform influenced the politics of both the Hoover and Roosevelt presidencies, most surveys devote only a few pages to monetary disturbances and the reforms passed as a result.
Reform, Opening-up and China's Changing Role in Global Governance
by Yuyan ZhangThis book looks back to 40 years ago for the whole history of China’s reform and opening-up and focuses on the role change of China in the relationship with outside world. In the first half part, the author explores China’s economic reform and opening-up policy from theoretical analysis and systematic interpretation. In the second part, the author aims to present how China’s international roles have changed in recent years and the Chinese appeal and purpose of participating in and improving global governance procedure. The author answers the question of why China has obtained miraculous achievements after its reform and opening-up from academic perspective and provides representative cases with profound but not obscure theoretical interpretation. It is a must-read for anyone who is interested in contemporary China’s economy and foreign affairs.
Reform or Revolution
by Rosa Luxemburg Mary-Alice Waters Eduard BernsteinWhy capitalism cannot overcome its internal contradictions and the working class cannot "reform" away exploitation and economic crises. Introduction by Mary-Alice Waters, glossary of names and terms. Appendix: 'Evolutionary socialism-ultimate aim and tendency' by Eduard Bernstein.
Reform or Revolution and Other Writings
by Rosa LuxemburgA polemic writing by the famous "Red Rosa" Luxemburg, Reform or Revolution (1899) explains why capitalism can never overcome its internal contradictions. An effective refutation of revisionist interpretations of Marxist doctrine, it defines the position of scientific socialism on the issues of social reforms, the state, democracy, and the character of the proletarian revolution.Reform or Revolution opposes Edward Bernstein's revisionist theories, which rejected Marxism in favor of trade unionism and parliamentary procedures. Luxemburg offers articulate and reasoned objections to all of Bernstein's arguments. She defends the necessity for socialism, which provides an answer to the contradictions and inevitable crisis of the capitalist economy, along with a means for a transformation in working class consciousness. This essay remains a key explanation of why there can be no parliamentary road to socialism. It appears here together with Luxemburg's writings on "Leninism or Marxism," "The Mass Strike," and "The Russian Revolution."
Reform Processes and Policy Change
by Thomas König Marc Debus George TsebelisGeorge Tsebelis' veto players approach has become a prominent theory to analyze various research questions in political science. Studies that apply veto player theory deal with the impact of institutions and partisan preferences of legislative activity and policy outcomes. It is used to measure the degree of policy change and, thus, reform capacity in national and international political systems. This volume contains the analysis of leading scholars in the field on these topics and more recent developments regarding theoretical and empirical progress in the area of political reform-making. The contributions come from research areas of political science where veto player theory plays a significant role, including, positive political theory, legislative behavior and legislative decision-making in national and supra-national political systems, policy making and government formation. The contributors to this book add to the current scholarly and public debate on the role of veto players, making it of interest to scholars in political science and policy studies as well as policymakers worldwide.
Reform, Transformation and Growth: Observation and Interpretation (Understanding China)
by Jun ZhangThis book aims to present the observation and Interpretation for China’s economic growth since Reform and Opening-up from a Chinese economist’s view. The book is divided into 5 sections, including the research of traditional socialist economic structure, China’s transformation from planned economy to market economy, reform of Chinese industrial economy, economic growth and political economy. Key topics are covered over the past 40 years including strategies for economic transformation, dual-track pricing, industrial transformation and enterprise reform, capital formation and economic growth, structural changes and productivity growth, macroeconomics, fiscal relations between central and local governments, and the political economy of growth.
La reforma política: Ideas y debates para un mejor gobierno
by Fernando Tuesta SoldevillaUno de los analistas políticos con mayor credibilidad en el país, gestor e impulsor de la verdadera reforma política Las sucesivas crisis que atraviesa el país subrayan la urgencia de reformas que abarquen todos los estamentos de la actividad política en el Perú. Este libro recopila columnas y artículos periodísticos escritos a lo largo de más de tres décadas, en los que el autor discute propuestas e iniciativas para la aplicación de medidas de corto, mediano y largo plazo en torno, entre otros, al sistema de gobierno y de partidos, el financiamiento de la política, los mecanismos de democracia directa, el diseño de los organismos electorales y el posible retorno a la bicameralidad. Fernando Tuesta Soldevilla, uno de los politógos más lúcidos e informados de la actualidad, ofrece una radiografía detallada de la problemática de nuestras principales instituciones y plantea los derroteros que la clase política debería tener en cuenta para evitar los errores del pasado, pese al incierto y vertiginosoescenario político, social y electoral del país. Los textos de La reforma política son un excelente punto de partida para entender, de una vez por todas, cuál es el origen del descalabro de nuestras organizaciones e instituciones políticas; y, sobre todo, qué alternativas tenemos para que nuestra democracia no solo sobreviva, sino que se fortalezca de cara a un bicentenario en el que verdaderamente haya lugar para la esperanza y el optimismo.
Reformar sin mayorías. La dinámica del cambio constitucional en México: 1997-2012 La dinámica del cambio constitucional en México: 1997-2012
by María Amparo Casar Ignacio Marván Lorenzo Córdova Sergio López Aylión Eric Magar Francisca Pou Giménez José María Serna José Antonio Caballero Miguel Carbonell¿Cómo se han conseguido los cambios constitucionales que México necesita durante la etapa de los gobiernos sin mayoría en el Congreso?Reformar sin mayorías es producto de una investigación colectiva auspiciada por el Programa de las Naciones Unidas para el Desarrollo (PNUD-México) que analiza los cambios constitucionales en México durante la etapa de los gobiernos sin mayoría en el Congreso.A partir de una documentación puntual de la evolución, contenido y sentido del reformismo constitucional, María Amparo Casar e Ignación Marván --coordinadores de este libro-- refutan la tesis de que, durante los años de gobiernos sin mayoría, México ha caído en una parálisis legislativa producto de la imposibilidad de llegar a acuerdos. Asimismo, ponen en claro que la frecuencia y el número de reformas a la Constitución mexicana no son tan excepcionales cuando se las compara con las de otras latitudes, que la política del cambio constitucional ha sido fruto de la colaboración entre las tres principales fuerzas políticas del país y que, de ninguna manera, los cambios negociados durante estos últimos quince años pueden calificarse como insignificantes o triviales.Por el contrario, los estudios que forman parte de este libro muestran que, sobre todo en aspectos como los derechos humanos, el sistema penal o la rendición de cuentas, han modificado en forma significativa el régimen constitucional de México. Otra cosa es, desafortunadamente, que los profundos cambios constitucionales muchas veces queden sólo en el papel.
The Reformation Parliament 1529-1536
by Stanford E. LehmbergThe Reformation Parliament, which sat in seven sessions between 1529 and 1536 and derived its name from being the Parliament which ushered in the Reformation in the Church of England, was one of the most important assemblies ever to meet in England. Professor Lehmberg gives a full analysis of the composition and attendance of both Houses of Parliament and of the Convocation of the Province of Canterbury which sat simultaneously with Parliament. His main concern in this book, however, is with the activities of Parliament rather than with an analysis of its composition. He examines the attitudes and achievements of Parliament session by session and shows the precise part played by both Houses in the passing of the measures which led to the establishment of the independence of the Anglican Church and the annulment of the marriage of Henry VIII and Catherine of Aragon.
Reformation Reputations: The Power of the Individual in English Reformation History
by David J. Crankshaw George W. C. GrossThis book highlights the pivotal roles of individuals in England’s complex sixteenth-century reformations. While many historians study broad themes, such as religious moderation, this volume is centred on the perspective that great changes are instigated not by themes, or ‘isms’, but rather by people – a point recently underlined in the 2017 quincentenary commemorations of Martin Luther’s protest in Germany. That sovereigns from Henry VIII to Elizabeth I largely drove religious policy in Tudor England is well known. Instead, the essays collected in this volume, inspired by the quincentenary and based upon original research, take a novel approach, emphasizing the agency of some of their most interesting subjects: Protestant and Roman Catholic, clerical and lay, men and women. With an introduction that establishes why the commemorative impulse was so powerful in this period and explores how reputations were constructed, perpetuated and manipulated, the authors of the nine succeeding chapters examine the reputations of three archbishops of Canterbury (Thomas Cranmer, Matthew Parker and John Whitgift), three pioneering bishops’ wives (Elizabeth Coverdale, Margaret Cranmer and Anne Hooper), two Roman Catholic martyrs (John Fisher and Thomas More), one evangelical martyr other than Cranmer (Anne Askew), two Jesuits (John Gerard and Robert Persons) and one author whose confessional identity remains contested (Anthony Munday). Partly biographical, though mainly historiographical, these essays offer refreshing new perspectives on why the selected figures are famed (or should be famed) and discuss what their reformation reputations tell us today.
Reformation to Industrial Revolution: A Social And Economic History Of Britain, 1530-1780 (The\pelican Economic History Of Britain Ser.)
by Christopher HillIn 1530 England was a backward economy, yet by 1780 it possessed a world empire and was just about to become the first industrialised power in the world. This book deals with the intervening 250 years, and tries to explain how England won its unique position in the world. This is a story that opens with the break with Europe and charts the tumultuous period of war, revolutions, and the cultural and scientific flowering that made up the early modern period. Yet, during this period Britain also become the home to imperial ambitions and economic innovation. Hill excavates the conditions and ideas that underpin this age of extraordinary change, and shows how, and why, Britain became the most powerful nation in the world.
Reformatting Politics: Information Technology and Global Civil Society
by Geert Lovink Jodi Dean Jon W. AndersonThis book examines the ways in which new information and communication technologies (ICTs) are being used by civil society organizations (CSOs) to achieve their aims through activities and networks that cross national borders. These new ICTs (the internet, mobile phones, satellite radio and television) have allowed these civil society organizations to form extensive networks linking the local and the global in new ways and to flourish internationally in ways that were not possible without them. Reformatting Politics consists of four sections containing essays by some of the top scholars and activists working at the intersections of networked societies, civil society organizations, and information technology. The book also includes a section that takes a critical look at the UN World Summit of Information Society and the role that global governance has played and will play in the use and dissemination of these new technologies. Finally, the contributors aim to influence this important and emerging field of inquiry by posing a set of questions and directions for future research. In sum, Reformatting Politics is a fresh look at the way critical network practice through the use of information technology is reformatting the terms and terrains of global politics.
The Reformed Local Government System (Routledge Library Editions: Government)
by Peter G. RichardsOriginally published in 1973 and revised as a third edition in 1978, this book provides a concise introductory account of the system of local administration since the Local Government Act of 1972 produced the most-far-reaching change in England and Wales since 1888. The book shows why such a major shake-up was necessary, and how the policies evolved which produced the new pattern of local authorities. The book contains basic factual material about the constitution and powers of the new councils and discusses the major problems which confront them. It also considers the respective roles of councillors officials and the political circumstances within which local government has to work.
Reformed Thought on Freedom: The Concept of Free Choice in Early Modern Reformed Theology
by J. Martin Bac Richard Muller Willem J. Van Asselt Roelf T. Te VeldeThis book makes a major contribution to historical scholarship on the problem of free choice and to contemporary debates over determinism and divine foreknowledge of future events. It fills a significant gap in Reformed knowledge by presenting sources in translation and commentary on works of major importance to the Protestant tradition that have been neglected for centuries. The book begins with an introductory discussion of free choice and the Reformed tradition and then moves on to examine the concept of freedom in the work of six early modern Reformers: Girolamo Zanchi, Franciscus Junius, Franciscus Gomarus, Gisbertus Voetius, Francesco Turrettini, and Bernardinus de Moor. It will be valued by all students of Reformed theology.
Reformers and Babylon: English Apocalyptic Visions from the Reformation to the Eve of the Civil War
by Paul Kenneth ChristiansonStarting in the 1530s with John Bale, English reformers found in the apocalyptic mysteries of the Book of Revelation a framework for reinterpreting the history of Christianity and explaining the break from the Roman Catholic Church. Identifying the papacy with antichrist and the Roman Catholic Church with Babylon, they pictured the reformation as a departure from the false church that derived its jurisdiction from the devil. Those who took the initiative in throwing off the Roman yoke acted as instruments of God in the cosmic warfare against the power of evil that raged in the latter days of the world. The reformation ushered in the beginning of the end as prophesied by St. John.Reformers and Babylon examines the English apocalyptic tradition as developed in the works of religious thinkers both within and without the Established Church and distinguishes the various streams into which the tradition split. By the middle of Elizabeth's reign the mainstream apocalyptic interpretation was widely accepted within the Church of England. Under Charles I, however, it also provided a vocabulary of attack for critics of the Established Church. Using the same weapons that their ancestors had used to justify the reformation in the first place, reformers like John Bastwick, Henry Burton, William Prynne, and John Lilburne attacked the Church of England's growing sympathies with Romish ways and eventually prepared parliamentarians to take up arms against the royalist forces whom they saw as the forces of antichrist. Scholars of sixteenth- and seventeenth-century intellectual history will welcome this closely reasoned study of the background of religious dissent which underlay the politics of the time.
Reformers and Revolutionaries in Modern Iran: New Perspectives on the Iranian Left (Routledge/BIPS Persian Studies Series)
by Stephanie CroninEven though the left has never held power in Iran, its impact on the political, intellectual and cultural development of modern Iran has been profound. This book's authors undertake a fundamental re-examination and re-appraisal of the phenomenon of leftist activism in Iran, interpreted in the broadest sense, throughout the period of its existence up to and including the present.
Reformers in International Development: Five Remarkable Lives (Rethinking Development)
by David de FerrantiThis book brings to life the remarkable stories of five exceptional international development leaders and influencers: Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala, Domingo Cavallo, Ela Bhatt, Dzingai Mutumbuka, and Adolfo Figueroa. Together, their experiences and accomplishments challenge us to rethink conventional notions of leadership and international development and to reflect on how others from Africa, Asia, and Latin America will change the world in the years ahead. Drawing on the author’s decades-long relationships with each of the five, the book tells how they overcame incredible barriers and dreadful odds to rise from ordinary and challenged backgrounds to achieve extraordinary impact in important roles, both in their countries and globally. With original firsthand insights, the book explores the character-revealing decisions they made, confronting moral dilemmas between protecting their country, their career, their values, and even their lives when threatened by corrupt antagonists. The book combines a free-flowing storytelling style with an analytical framework to examine how these five determined individuals struggled to reduce poverty, protect basic rights, and promote justice. The book will be invaluable for the international development community, practitioners, students, and researchers. It will also captivate general readers new to the fascinating subject of how African, Asian, and Latin American countries develop and what that will mean for the world as a whole. While many books have been written on what should be done to help rising nations thrive, this one takes readers inside the human story of who brings about change and how.
Reforming 21st Century Peacekeeping Operations: Governmentalities of Security, Protection, and Police (Interventions)
by Marc. G DoucetThis book considers contemporary international interventions with a specific focus on analyzing the frameworks that have guided recent peacekeeping operations led by the United Nations. Drawing from the work of Michel Foucault and Foucauldian-inspired approaches in the field of International Relations, it highlights how interventions can be viewed through the lens of governmentality and its key attendant concepts. The book draws from these approaches in order to explore how international interventions are increasingly informed by governmental rationalities of security and policing. Two specific cases are examined: the UN's Security Sector Reform (SSR) approach and the UN's Protection of Civilians agenda. Focusing on the governmental rationalities that are at work in these two central frameworks that have come to guide contemporary UN-led peacekeeping efforts in recent years, the book considers: The use in IR of governmentality and its attendant notions of biopower and sovereign power The recent discussion regarding the concept and practice of international policing and police reform The rise of security as a rationality of government and the manner in which security and police rationalities interconnect and have increasingly come to inform peacekeeping efforts The Security Sector Reform (SSR) framework for peacebuilding and the rise of the UN's Protection of Civilians agenda. This book will be of interest to graduates and scholars of international relations, security studies, critical theory, and conflict and intervention.
Reforming a School System, Reviving a City: The Promise of Say Yes to Education in Syracuse
by Gene I. MaeroffCan a bold investment in education turn around the economy of an entire city? Gene I. Maeroff, former national education correspondent for the New York Times , explores how the nonprofit group Say Yes to Education has instituted a network of reforms in Syracuse, New York, that aim to expand the city's the middle class by supporting its children.
Reforming American Government: The Bicentennial Papers Of The Committee On The Constitutional System
by Donald L RobinsonGovernment deficits, the spiraling imbalance of trade, inconsistencies in foreign policy, illegal immigration, unemployment, the decay of our cities, the abuse of the environment, the staggering cost of elections, and the piracy of special interest groups—these problems and a host of others have led thoughtful citizens to question whether our polit
Reforming Asian Labor Systems: Economic Tensions and Worker Dissent
by Frederic C. DeyoIn Reforming Asian Labor Systems, Frederic C. Deyo examines the implications of post-1980s market-oriented economic reform for labor systems in China, South Korea, the Philippines, and Thailand. Adopting a critical institutionalist perspective, he explores the impact of elite economic interests and strategies, labor politics, institutional path dependencies, and changing economic circumstances on regimes of labor and social regulation in these four countries. Of particular importance are reform-driven socioeconomic and political tensions that, especially following the regional financial crisis of the late 1990s, have encouraged increased efforts to integrate social and developmental agendas with those of market reform. Through his analysis of the social economy of East and Southeast Asia, Deyo suggests that several Asian countries may now be positioned to repeat what they achieved in earlier decades: a prominent role in defining new international models of development and market reform that adapt to the pressures and constraints of the evolving world economy.
Reforming Boston Schools, 1930 to the Present
by Joseph Marr CroninBoston's schools in 2006 won the Eli Broad Prize for the Most Improved Urban School System in America. But from the 1930s into the 1970s the city schools succumbed to scandals including the sale of jobs and racial segregation. This book describes the black voices before and after court decisions and the struggles of Boston teachers before and after collective bargaining. The contributions of universities, corporations and political leaders to restore academic achievement are evaluated by one who observed Boston schools for forty years.
Reforming Capital Income Taxation
by Horst SiebertThis book surveys the theoretical issues that characterize the problem of reforming capital income taxes in an open economy. It explores the tax incentives and disincentives to investment in an open economy framework allowing cross-border portfolio and direct investment.
Reforming Capitalism: The Scientific Worldview and Business (Routledge Studies in Business Ethics)
by Rogene BuchholzThis book examines the role that the traditional understanding of science plays in how we understand the capitalistic system and how it informs business and business school education. Science serves many purposes in business organizations; it is much more than just a method to gain knowledge about business problems. It acculturates students to a certain way of thinking about the world and provides a rationale for the things business does and a justification for its purposes in society. It then utilizes the philosophy of Classical American Pragmatism to view science in a different manner, reconceptualizing the multiple environments in which business functions. Author Rogene Buchholz traces the implications of this view for our understanding of the corporation, how science is used in business organizations, the recent financial crisis, and finally what it means for management and management education. No other book examines capitalism and the business system from this unique and timely perspective.
Reforming Child Welfare in the Post-Soviet Space: Institutional Change in Russia (Routledge Advances in Social Work)
by Meri Kulmala; Maija Jäppinen; Anna Tarasenko; Anna PivovarovaThis book provides new and empirically grounded research-based knowledge and insights into the current transformation of the Russian child welfare system. It focuses on the major shift in Russia’s child welfare policy: deinstitutionalisation of the system of children’s homes inherited from the Soviet era and an increase in fostering and adoption. Divided into four sections, this book details both the changing role and function of residential institutions within the Russian child welfare system and the rapidly developing form of alternative care in foster families, as well as work undertaken with birth families. By analysing the consequences of deinstitutionalisation and its effects on children and young people as well as their foster and birth parents, it provides a model for understanding this process across the whole of the post-Soviet space. It will be of interest to academics and students of social work, sociology, child welfare, social policy, political science, and Russian and East European politics more generally.