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Realism, Ideology, and the Convulsions of Democracy (Studies in Public Choice #44)
by Mikayla Novak Marta Podemska-Mikluch Richard E. WagnerThis edited volume explores the tension between reason and sentiment in democracies and its contribution to the decline of liberalism. Bringing together classical liberal scholars with a deep knowledge of public choice ideas, the chapters delve into this tension from a variety of perspectives. Building on the principle of entangled political economy, as articulated by Richard E. Wagner, this volume engages with new facets of the relationship between choice and consequence and their implications for democratic politics. Advocating for a reframing of public choice theory as compatible with civic republicanism, this volume will be of interest to students and scholars of public choice, political economy, political theory, governance, and economic policy.
Realism in International Relations and International Political Economy: The Continuing Story of a Death Foretold (New International Relations)
by Stefano GuzziniStefano Guzzini's study offers an understanding of the evolution of the realist tradition within International Relations and International Political Economy. It sees the realist tradition not as a school of thought with a static set of fixed principles, but as a repeatedly failed attempt to turn the rules of European diplomacy into the laws of a US social science. Realism in International Relations and International Political Economy concentrates on the evolution of a leading school of thought, its critiques and its institutional environment. As such it will provide an invaluable basis to anyone studying international relations theory.
Realism in International Relations: The Making of a Disarrayed Tradition (Palgrave Studies in International Relations)
by Mehmet TabakAccording to a pervasive view in the discipline of International Relations (IR): a) realism is a historical tradition, stretching all the way back to Thucydides; b) despite the important theoretical differences among themselves, realists uphold the same set of core beliefs about the workings of international politics. Together, these two claims amount to the perspective that realism is a sui generis scholarly tradition with ancient origins. The author critiques both aspects of this view by illustrating that realism is both a relatively recent tradition and a disarrayed one. He shows that the realist tradition entails conscious membership and participation in a common “realist” discourse that has produced fundamentally different, even opposing, methodologies and theories about the same or related phenomena in international politics. In illustrating this argument, the author critically explores a variety of seminal statements of, and debates about, realism. This exploration reveals that the conceptual and theoretical shortcomings of the major statements of realism significantly explain why realism evolved as a disarrayed tradition. Overall, this book makes an important contribution to the understanding of realism in particular and IR in general. The comprehensive and critical analysis of many facets of realism this book offers also yields many didactic elements.
The Realism Reader
by Michael Jensen Colin ElmanThe Realism Reader provides broad coverage of a centrally important tradition in the study of foreign policy and international politics. After some years in the doldrums, political realism is again in contention as a leading tradition in the international relations sub-field. Divided into three main sections, the book covers seven different and distinctive approaches within the realist tradition: classical realism, balance of power theory, neorealism, defensive structural realism, offensive structural realism, rise and fall realism, and neoclassical realism. The middle section of the volume covers realism’s engagement with critiques levelled by liberalism, institutionalism, and constructivism and the English School. The final section of the book provides materials on realism’s engagement with some contemporary issues in international politics, with collections on United States (U.S.) hegemony, European cooperation, and whether future threats will arise from non-state actors or the rise of competing great powers. The book offers a logically coherent and manageable framework for organizing the realist canon, and provides exemplary literature in each of the traditions and dialogues which are included in the volume. Offering substantial commentary and analysis and including enhanced pedagogy to facilitate student learning, The Realism Reader will provide a 'one-stop-shop' for undergraduates and masters students taking a course in contemporary international relations theory, with a particular focus on realism.
Realist Constructivism
by Samuel BarkinRealism and constructivism, two key contemporary theoretical approaches to the study of international relations, are commonly taught as mutually exclusive ways of understanding the subject. Realist Constructivism explores the common ground between the two, and demonstrates that, rather than being in simple opposition, they have areas of both tension and overlap. There is indeed space to engage in a realist constructivism. But at the same time, there are important distinctions between them, and there remains a need for a constructivism that is not realist, and a realism that is not constructivist. Samuel Barkin argues more broadly for a different way of thinking about theories of international relations, that focuses on the corresponding elements within various approaches rather than on a small set of mutually exclusive paradigms. Realist Constructivism provides an interesting new way for scholars and students to think about international relations theory.
Realist Paradigm of International Relations: Power, Systems and Game Theories
by Amartya MukhopadhyayThis book explores realist theories—also called power politics approaches, formulations of systems theories, and game theory in International Relations (IR). The first section of the book focuses on theories of Early Classical Realism—Thucydides, Machiavelli, and Hobbes, and two Asian exponents—Kautilya and Han Fei Tzu. It covers the rise and fall of different schools of imperial geopolitics including those developed during the Cold-War and postmodern periods. It also discusses theories proposed by three stalwarts of Neoclassical Realism— Niebuhr, Carr, and Morgenthau; the Neorealism of Waltz; Strategic Realism of Schelling; and Offensive Realism of Mearsheimer. The book also examines theoretic formulations of Kaplan, Modelski, Rosecrance, McClelland, Holsti, and Singer, as well as game theory and its relevance and application in international relations. It explores diverse variants of theories of power in international relations through a critical readings of texts and IR literature. This book will be of interest to researchers and students of political science, international relations, history and law.
Realist Thought and the Nation-State
by Konstantinos KostagiannisThis book recovers the history of realist theorization on nationalism and the nation-state. Presented in a sequence of snapshots and illustrated by examples drawn from the foreign policy of great powers, this history is represented by four key realist thinkers. It uses the centrality of power in realism as a starting point to claim, contrary to conventional wisdom about realism, that for realists the state is better understood not as a political unit outside history but rather as a manifestation of power unfixed in time. It also claims that the process of gradual impoverishment of the concept of power from classical to structural realism had profound implications for realism, as what the latter gained in parsimony it lost in analytical purchase. As a result, elaborate understandings of nationalism and its relation to the state are replaced by one-dimensional approaches. In order to offer meaningful engagement with foreign policy, neorealists often have to resort to the recovery of some of the complexity of classical realist accounts.
The Realist Tradition and Contemporary International Relations (Political Traditions in Foreign Policy Series)
by W. David ClintonThe tradition in international relations theory known as realism has often been associated with the Cold War. The contributors to this intriguing volume argue, however, that realism remains a profound and relevant perspective on contemporary international politics. They point out that classical realism is based on concepts that were elucidated long before the Cold War began and are not confined by its boundaries. Further, they believe that insights of the realist tradition can provide valuable guidance in our contemporary world.W. David Clinton and ten scholars of foreign policy reexamine the work of thinkers spanning twenty-five centuries who have contributed to the development of realism across the ages. In their essays, the authors consider two key questions: What makes these thinkers "realists"? And how is their work relevant to the modern, post--Cold War world? These essays take a fresh look at such canonical thinkers as Thucydides, Augustine, Machiavelli, Hobbes, Hume, Burke, Carr, Niebuhr, and Morgenthau. Countering the widespread belief that realism has nothing left to offer, this collection demonstrates that continuities remain in the political world -- and that the ideas rooted in realism are too important and too useful to ignore.While there are obvious differences among the political philosophers whose works are considered here, they share a common concern about human limitations and the possible dangerous consequences of ignoring those limitations. Each in his own way, these classic thinkers discuss the need for prudence to counter the ever-present threat of tragedy resulting from our innocent, hopeful, or self-righteous efforts for perfection. These provocative essays demonstrate that though a realist understanding of the nature of international relations is at least as old as Thucydides, it is also as contemporaneous as the most recent headline.
The Realist Turn: Repositioning Liberalism (Palgrave Studies in Classical Liberalism)
by Douglas B. Rasmussen Douglas J. Den UylDouglas B. Rasmussen and Douglas J. Den Uyl maintain that a realist turn—namely, one in which the natural order is the basis for individual rights—is needed to bring about a proper understanding and defense of liberty. They argue that the critical character of individual rights results from their being tethered to metaphysical realism. After reprising their explanation and defense of natural rights, Rasmussen and Den Uyl explain metaphysical realism and defend it against neo-pragmatist objections. They show it to be a formidable and preferable alternative to epistemic constructivism and crucial for a suitable understanding of ideal theory.
Realität in Serie: Realitätsbehauptungen in zeitgenössischen Fernsehserien
by Katja Kanzler Stefan Schubert Sophie SpielerRealität(streue) ist ein markantes Thema in der Medienkultur des 21. Jahrhunderts, das sich auf widersprüchliche Weise entfaltet: Realness scheint derzeit sowohl eine Krise als auch eine Konjunktur zu erleben. Der vorliegende Band beleuchtet dieses Thema im medialen Kontext der Fernsehserie mit Hilfe von Fallstudien aus interdisziplinären Perspektiven. Im Mittelpunkt stehen dabei die sozialen, kulturellen, politischen und ästhetischen Potenziale von Realitätsbehauptungen und -effekten in seriellen Fernsehformaten.
The Realities of Adaptive Groundwater Management: Chino Basin, California (Global Issues in Water Policy #27)
by William BlomquistThis book has three primary objectives. The first objective is to provide scholars with a more realistic view of adaptive management, without arguing against adaptive management. Adaptive management is necessary as well as desirable, but it is not easy, and demonstrating that through the Chino Basin experience is an important goal. The second objective is to provide practitioners with encouraging yet cautionary lessons about the challenges and benefits of an adaptive approach – in similar fashion as the first objective, the goal here is to endorse the adaptive approach but in a clear-eyed manner that clarifies how hard it is and how much it requires. A third objective is to show all audiences that resource governance systems can fail, change, and succeed. There is no such thing as an ideal institutional design that is guaranteed to work; rather, making institutional arrangements work entails learning and adjustment when they begin to show problems as they inevitably will.
The Realities of Change in Higher Education: Interventions to Promote Learning and Teaching (SEDA Series)
by Lynne Hunt Adrian Bromage Bland TomkinsonThe Realities of Change in Higher Education explores the theory and practice of the everyday reality of change to promote learning and teaching in universities. Drawing on international case studies, it analyses a range of practical strategies to promote change that enhance students’ learning. Structured to flow from analysis of policy level change through to small-scale change at curriculum level, experienced practitioners consider key topics including: national policies and strategies different leadership styles the advancement of teaching and learning through research and scholarship how communities of practice may be effective agents for change in higher education the relationship between technology and change student assessment as a strategic tool for enhancing teaching and learning. With practical advice to enhance the learning experience of increasing numbers of university students, this book will appeal to all practitioners involved in improving learning and teaching outcomes in higher education.
Realities of Critical Pedagogy: A Microethnography of a Parisian Autonomous High School (Anthropological Studies of Education)
by Mehdi GaliereThis book examines how the Lycée autogéré de Paris, an experimental high school established in 1982 which claims to implement critical and democratic pedagogical practices, contributes to the development of counter-hegemonic educational and social practices. The author presents and analyses significant discursive data on the school’s pedagogical practice, focusing specifically on triangulation, from general assemblies to official texts, pedagogic projects and everyday interactions inside and outside the institution. He then argues that the discourses of the self-managed high school tend to be critical of the French state’s neoliberal discourse on education while favouring the development of practices of solidarity within the local and broader context of the institution. The book will be of interest to students and scholars in the fields of sociology of education, sociolinguistics and education for social justice.
Reality and Its Dreams
by Raymond GeussOne of political philosophy's most trenchant and inventive critics challenges the field's normative turn, arguing that the study of politics should focus on real politics, where normative judgments arise from concrete configurations of power. Raymond Geuss shows how this can be done without succumbing to a toxic relativism or abandoning utopianism.
The Reality and Myth of BRI’s Debt Trap: Evidences from Asia and Africa (Indo-Pacific Focus)
by Nian Peng Ming Yu ChengThis edited book aims to present a well-balanced view on the heated debate about BRI’s “debt trap” controversy within the route states by presenting compelling evidence from Asian and African countries. It is contributed by the university scholars, think tank experts, and governmental officials from the concerned parties such as China, USA, South/Southeast Asia, and Africa to discuss this new topic from their perspectives. It not only examines the origins and changes in external debt among the BRI route states before and after the launch of the BRI, but also analyzes the outcomes stemming from BRI projects. The book covers 12 chapters, in which the first chapter briefly introduces the aims and scope of this book. The following 2 chapters look at Chinese and Indian perspectives on the “debt trap”, respectively. The next 9 chapters examine the debt issue and BRI projects in Southeast Asian, South Asian, and African states, which mainly involve Myanmar, Cambodia, Laos, the Philippines, Malaysia, Indonesia, Bangladesh, Nepal, and Nigeria, and give some useful policy suggestions to reduce the debt burden and promote the socioeconomic development in these countries.
Reality Bites: Rhetoric And The Circulation Of Truth Claims In U. S. Political Culture
by Dana L. CloudFake news, alternative facts, post truth--terms all too familiar to anyone in U.S. political culture and concepts at the core of Dana L. Cloud's new book, Reality Bites, which explores truth claims in contemporary political rhetoric in the face of widespread skepticism regarding the utility, ethics, and viability of an empirical standard for political truths. Cloud observes how appeals to truth often assume--mistakenly--that it is a matter of simple representation of facts. However, since neither fact-checking nor "truthiness" can respond meaningfully to this problem, she argues for a rhetorical realism--the idea that communicators can bring knowledge from particular perspectives and experiences into the domain of common sense. <P><P> Through a series of case studies--including the PolitiFact fact-checking project, the Planned Parenthood "selling baby parts" scandal, the Chelsea Manning and Edward Snowden cases, Neil DeGrasse Tyson's Cosmos, the rhetoric of Thomas Paine and the American Revolution, and the Black Lives Matter movement--Cloud advocates for the usefulness of narrative, myth, embodiment, affect, and spectacle in creating accountability in contemporary U.S. political rhetoric. If dominant reality "bites"--in being oppressive and exploitative--it is time, Cloud argues, for those in the reality-based community to "bite back."
Reality Check: The Unreported Good News About America (Israel Folau Series #2)
by David West Dennis Keegan<P>Streaming headlines, round-the-clock broadcasts--we live in a world of twenty-four hour news. But lately, most of what we read and hear is either negative, biased, or both. <P>Cutting through the gloomy reports and liberal slant are Dennis Keegan and David West with their brand new book, Reality Check: The Unreported Good News About America. Contrary to what the cynical reporters and politicians say, Keegan and West prove that America is still a shining city on a hill, with a low unemployment rate, high GDP, and enviable democracy. <P>These are not opinions, but facts--based on statistics that the media isn't reporting because of political agendas, industry competition, and limited resources. In Reality Check, Keegan and West cut through the bias and spin to reveal: <br>* How our twenty-four hour news culture gives us more inaccurate information, not less <br>* Why the U.S. economy is doing better than we realize <br>* Why the recent rhetoric and politics of change may do more harm than goodIn this age of information saturation, the need to question and critically think about what we're reading and hearing is more important than ever. <P>In Reality Check, Keegan and West show us how to be discerning consumers and why the news about America is much better than the media would have you believe.
The Reality Game: How the Next Wave of Technology Will Break the Truth
by Samuel WoolleyFake news posts and Twitter trolls were just the beginning. What will happen when misinformation moves from our social media feeds into our everyday lives?Online disinformation stormed our political process in 2016 and has only worsened since. Yet as Samuel Woolley shows in this urgent book, it may pale in comparison to what's to come: humanlike automated voice systems, machine learning, "deepfake" AI-edited videos and images, interactive memes, virtual reality, and more. These technologies have the power not just to manipulate our politics, but to make us doubt our eyes and ears and even feelings.Deeply researched and compellingly written, The Reality Game describes the profound impact these technologies will have on our lives. Each new invention built without regard for its consequences edges us further into this digital dystopia.Yet Woolley does not despair. Instead, he argues pointedly for a new culture of innovation, one built around accountability and especially transparency. With social media dragging us into a never-ending culture war, we must learn to stop fighting and instead prevent future manipulation. This book shows how we can use our new tools not to control people but to empower them.
The Reality Game: A gripping investigation into deepfake videos, the next wave of fake news and what it means for democracy
by Samuel WoolleyTHIS ISN'T AN EPISODE OF BLACK MIRROR. THIS. IS. THE. FUTURE. 'A mind-blowing and essential book for a future that's practically already here. This book scares the hell out of me, but if we listen to Woolley's wake-up call, then I also have hope.' Jane McGonigal, author of Reality is BrokenThe problem of online disinformation is only getting worse. Social media may well play a role in the US 2020 presidential election and other major political events. But that doesn't even begin to describe what future propaganda will look like. As Samuel Woolley shows, we will soon be navigating new technologies such as human-like automated voice systems, machine learning, 'deep-fake' AI-edited videos and images, interactive memes, virtual reality and augmented reality. In stories both deeply researched and compellingly written, Woolley describes this future, and explains how the technology can be manipulated, who might control it and its impact on political strategy. Finally, Woolley proposes strategic responses to this threat with the ultimate goal of empowering activists and pushing technology builders to design for democracy. We may not be able to alter how the internet was used to challenge democracy in years past but we can follow the signals to prevent manipulation in the future - and to use these powerful new tools not to control people but to empower them.
The Reality Game: A gripping investigation into deepfake videos, the next wave of fake news and what it means for democracy
by Samuel WoolleyThe problem of online disinformation is only getting worse. Social media may well play a role in the the US 2020 presidential election and other major political events. But that doesn't even begin to describe what future propaganda will look like. As Samuel Woolley shows, we will soon be navigating new technologies such as human-like automated voice systems, machine learning, 'deep-fake' AI-edited videos and images, interactive memes, virtual reality and augmented reality. In stories both deeply researched and compellingly written, Woolley describes this future, and explains how the technology can be manipulated, who might control it and its impact on political strategy. (p) 2020 Octopus Publishing GroupFinally, Woolley proposes strategic responses to this threat with the ultimate goal of empowering activists and pushing technology builders to design for democracy. We may not be able to alter how the internet was used to challenge democracy in years past but we can follow the signals to prevent manipulation in the future - and to use these powerful new tools not to control people but to empower them.
Reality, Grief, Hope: Three Urgent Prophetic Tasks
by Walter BrueggemannWalter Brueggemann is one of the most highly regarded Old Testament scholars of our time; talk-show host Krista Tippett has even called him "a kind of theological rock star." In this new book Brueggemann incisively probes our society-in-crisis from the ground up.Pointing out striking correlations between the catastrophe of 9/11 and the destruction of ancient Jerusalem, Brueggemann shows how the prophetic biblical response to that crisis was truth-telling in the face of ideology, grief in the face of denial, and hope in the face of despair. He argues that the same prophetic responses are urgently required from us now if we are to escape the deathliness of denial and despair.Brueggemann’s Reality, Grief, Hope boldly confronts the dominant forces of our time, taking on principalities and powers that vie for our souls, and calls the church to courageous action.
Reality of Dreams: Post-Neoliberal Utopias in the Ecuadorian Amazon (Yale Agrarian Studies Series)
by Japhy WilsonAn exploration of radical megaprojects in the Ecuadorian Amazon, considering the fate of utopian fantasies under conditions of global capitalism From 2007 to 2017, the &“Citizens&’ Revolution&” launched an ambitious series of post-neoliberal megaprojects in the remote Amazonian region of Ecuador, including an interoceanic transport corridor, a world-leading biotechnology university, and a planned network of two hundred &“Millennium Cities.&” The aim was to liberate the nation from its ecologically catastrophic dependence on Amazonian oil reserves, while transforming its jungle region from a wild neoliberal frontier into a brave new world of &“twenty-first-century socialism.&” This book documents the heroic scale of this endeavor, the surreal extent of its failure, and the paradoxical process through which it ended up reinforcing the economic model that it had been designed to overcome. It explores the phantasmatic and absurd dimensions of the transformation of social reality under conditions of global capitalism, deconstructing the utopian fantasies of the state, and drawing attention to the eruption of insurgent utopias staged by those with nothing left to lose.
The Reality of Justice in England’s Lower Courts: Behind the Bench
by Elizabeth PeatfieldThis accessible book provides an evaluative review of justice at the locus of the magistrates’ court. Written by a magistrate, this book uses different case studies to aid discussion of the principles of justice and the theoretical process of the criminal justice system in England and Wales. Its case studies consider individual and intersecting inequalities such as sex, race, class, mental health, sexuality, age, and disability. Speaking to students, policy makers and practitioners, readers can identify opportunities where justice can be developed, as well as the challenges to justice from numerous perspectives which play out in the magistrates’ court. A series of end-of-chapter questions encourage reflection and one chapter considers recommendations for the future of justice.
Realizing Educational Rights: Advancing School Reform through Courts and Communities
by Anne NewmanIn Realizing Educational Rights, Anne Newman examines two educational rights questions that arise at the intersection of political theory, educational policy, and law: What is the place of a right to education in a participatory democracy, and how can we realize this right in the United States? Tracking these questions across both philosophical and pragmatic terrain, she addresses urgent moral and political questions, offering a rare, double-pronged look at educational justice in a democratic society. Newman argues that an adequate K–12 education is the right of all citizens, as a matter of equality, and emphasizes that this right must be shielded from the sway of partisan and majoritarian policy making far more than it currently is. She then examines how educational rights are realized in our current democratic structure, offering two case studies of leading types of rights-based activism: school finance litigation on the state level and the mobilization of citizens through community-based organizations. Bringing these case studies together with rich philosophical analysis, Realizing Educational Rights advances understanding of the relationships among moral and legal rights, education reform, and democratic politics.
Realizing Freedom: Libertarian Theory, History, and Practice
by Tom G. PalmerWhat is freedom? How is freedom related to justice, law, property, peace, and prosperity? Tom Palmer has spent a lifetime as a scholar, teacher, journalist, and activist asking and answering these questions. Now as an expanded paperback, Realizing Freedom: Libertarian Theory, History, and Practice collects his best writings. Palmer s work ranges from the theory of justice to multiculturalism, democracy and limited government, and globalization, among many other topics. These essays have appeared in scholarly journals and in such newspapers as the New York Times, Wall Street Journal, and London Spectator. His work is accessible to scholars and thoughtful citizens alike. Palmer has smuggled photocopiers and fax machines into the Soviet Union; organized movements against the draft, taxes, censorship, and victimless crime laws; and ceaselessly promoted freedom in the most hostile locations, from communist Europe and China to Iraq to the halls of academe. Whether writing as a scholar, journalist, or activist, Palmer is never boring and always challenging.