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Rap and Politics: A Case Study of Panther, Gangster, and Hyphy Discourses in Oakland, CA (1965-2010)
by Lavar PopeRap and Politics maps out fifty years of political and musical development by exploring three specific moments of local discourse, each a response to failures by local, state, and national governments to address police brutality, violence, poverty, and poor social conditions in Oakland, California and the surrounding Bay Area. First, in the mid-1960s, Black youth responded to repressive political and socioeconomic factors in West Oakland by founding the Black Panther Party for Self Defense, whose representation of violence and community aid, as well as its radical and militant approach to Black Nationalism, became a foundational discourse that shaped the development of rap music in the region. Second, from the collapse of the Party in the early 1980s through the 1990s, gangster rap emerged as a form of political expression among local youth, who drew heavily on radical and militant elements of Panther discourse in their lyrics and artwork. Third, hyphy music in the mid-1990s to early 2000s continued these radical discourses and also incorporated coordinated, subversive public behavior to the mix. The result was a critique of endemic problems facing the local Black community, but also an infectious subgenre of party music that gained mainstream popularity. Overall, this study shows that the specific types of representation created to resist problems of racism and poverty in Oakland is actually key to understanding other rap undergrounds, grassroots subcultures, and social movements elsewhere. In the process, Rap and Politics offers readers a new model focused on the development of settings, representation, movements, discourse banks, and impact within underground rap scenes.
Rapa Nui Theatre: Staging Indigenous Identities in Easter Island (Routledge Advances in Theatre & Performance Studies #1)
by Moira Fortin CornejoThis book examines the relationships between theatrical representations and socio-political aspects of Rapa Nui culture from pre-colonial times to the present. This is the first book written about the production of Rapa Nui theatre, which is understood as a unique and culturally distinct performance tradition. Using a multilingual approach, this book journeys through Oceania, reclaiming a sense of connection and reflecting on synergies between performances of Oceanic cultures beyond imagined national boundaries. The author argues for a holistic and inclusive understanding of Rapa Nui theatre as encompassing and being inspired by diverse aspects of Rapa Nui performance cultures, festivals, and art forms. This book will be of great interest to students and scholars of Indigenous studies, Pacific Island studies, performance, anthropology, theatre education and Rapa Nui community, especially schoolchildren from the island who are learning about their own heritage.
Rape during Civil War
by Dara Kay CohenRape is common during wartime, but even within the context of the same war, some armed groups perpetrate rape on a massive scale while others never do. In Rape during Civil War Dara Kay Cohen examines variation in the severity and perpetrators of rape using an original dataset of reported rape during all major civil wars from 1980 to 2012. Cohen also conducted extensive fieldwork, including interviews with perpetrators of wartime rape, in three postconflict counties, finding that rape was widespread in the civil wars of the Sierra Leone and Timor-Leste but was far less common during El Salvador's civil war.Cohen argues that armed groups that recruit their fighters through the random abduction of strangers use rape--and especially gang rape--to create bonds of loyalty and trust between soldiers. The statistical evidence confirms that armed groups that recruit using abduction are more likely to perpetrate rape than are groups that use voluntary methods, even controlling for other confounding factors. Important findings from the fieldwork--across cases--include that rape, even when it occurs on a massive scale, rarely seems to be directly ordered. Instead, former fighters describe participating in rape as a violent socialization practice that served to cut ties with fighters' past lives and to signal their commitment to their new groups. Results from the book lay the groundwork for the systematic analysis of an understudied form of civilian abuse. The book will also be useful to policymakers and organizations seeking to understand and to mitigate the horrors of wartime rape.
Rape, Gender and Class: Intersections in Courtroom Narratives
by Ellen DalyThis book provides a timely analysis of the use of cultural narratives and narratives of credibility in rape trials in England and Wales, drawing on court observation methods. It draws on data from rape and sexual assault trials in 2019 which is used to examine the current status of newly emerging issues such as the use of digital evidence and the impacts of increasing policy attention on rape trials. Drawing on the concept of master narratives, the book provides an examination of rape myths and broader cultural narratives focussing on the intersections of gender and class and it also touches on the intersections of age, (dis)ability and mental health. It emphasizes the importance of situating rape myth debates and sexual violence research within a broader cultural context and thus argues for widening the lens with which rape myths in the courtroom, as well as in the wider criminal justice system, are viewed in research and contemporary debates. The findings presented in this book will help further discussion at a critical time by enabling scholars, as well as practitioners and policymakers, to better understand the current mechanisms that serve to undermine and retraumatise victim-survivors in the courtroom. It seeks to inform further research as well as positive changes to policy and practice.
Rape in Wartime
by Raphaëlle Branche Fabrice VirgiliThis collection offers a new reflection on rape in war time through 15 case studies, ranging from Greece to Nigeria. It questions the specificity of rape as a universal transgression, its place in memories of war, its legacies, including children born from rape, and the challenge of writing about intimate violence as both a scientist and a human.
Rape Justice: Beyond the Criminal Law (Interventions Ser.)
by Anastasia Powell Nicola Henry Asher FlynnThis book explores the burgeoning interest in alternative and innovative justice responses to sexual violence both within and outside the legal system. It explores the limits of criminal law for achieving 'rape justice' and highlights possibilities for expanding how we think about justice in the aftermath of sexual violence.
The Rape of the Lock and Other Major Writings
by Alexander PopeAlexander Pope (1688-1744) was the greatest English poet of his age, whose acerbic insights into human nature have entered the language, and whose verse still astonishes with its energy and inventiveness centuries after his death. This new selection of Pope's work follows the path of his poetic genius over his lifetime. It contains early poems including the masterly mock-epic 'The Rape of the Lock', which satirizes a notorious society scandal through glorious heroic couplets, the brilliantly aphoristic 'An Essay on Criticism' and excerpts from his translation of the Iliad. Later poems represented include Pope's ironic adaptations of Horace's Epistles, Satires and Odes, and the remarkable 'Dunciad', a stinging attack on his literary rivals and the mediocrity of Grub Street hacks. Here too are selected prose works and letters from Pope to his contemporaries such as John Gay and Jonathan Swift.
Rape, Sexual Violence and Transitional Justice Challenges: Lessons from Bosnia Herzegovina
by Janine Natalya ClarkIt is estimated that 20,000 people were subjected to rape and other forms of sexual violence during the 1992–1995 Bosnian war. Today, these men and women have been largely forgotten. Where are they now? To what extent do their experiences continue to affect and influence their lives, and the lives of those around them? What are the principal problems that these individuals face? Such questions remain largely unanswered. More broadly, the long-term consequences of conflict-related rape and sexual violence are often overlooked. Based on extensive interviews with male and female survivors from all ethnic groups in Bosnia-Herzegovina (BiH), this interdisciplinary book addresses a critical gap in the current literature on rape and sexual violence in conflict situations. In so doing, it uniquely situates and explores the legacy of these crimes within a transitional justice framework. Demonstrating that transitional justice processes in BiH have neglected the long-term effects of rape and sexual violence, it develops and operationalizes a new holistic approach to transitional justice that is based on an expanded conception of ‘legacy’ and has a wider application beyond BiH.
Raphael Lemkin and the Concept of Genocide (Pennsylvania Studies in Human Rights)
by Douglas Irvin-EricksonRaphaël Lemkin (1900-1959) coined the word "genocide" in the winter of 1942 and led a movement in the United Nations to outlaw the crime, setting his sights on reimagining human rights institutions and humanitarian law after World War II. <P><P>After the UN adopted the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide in 1948, Lemkin slipped into obscurity, and within a few short years many of the same governments that had agreed to outlaw genocide and draft a Universal Declaration of Human Rights tried to undermine these principles.This intellectual biography of one of the twentieth century's most influential theorists and human rights figures sheds new light on the origins of the concept and word "genocide," contextualizing Lemkin's intellectual development in interwar Poland and exploring the evolving connection between his philosophical writings, juridical works, and politics over the following decades. <P><P>The book presents Lemkin's childhood experience of anti-Jewish violence in imperial Russia; his youthful arguments to expand the laws of war to protect people from their own governments; his early scholarship on Soviet criminal law and nationalities violence; his work in the 1930s to advance a rights-based approach to international law; his efforts in the 1940s to outlaw genocide; and his forays in the 1950s into a social-scientific and historical study of genocide, which he left unfinished.Revealing what the word "genocide" meant to people in the wake of World War II—as the USSR and Western powers sought to undermine the Genocide Convention at the UN, while delegations from small states and former colonies became the strongest supporters of Lemkin's law—Raphaël Lemkin and the Concept of Genocide examines how the meaning of genocide changed over the decades and highlights the relevance of Lemkin's thought to our own time.
Rapid Current Account Adjustments: Are Microstates Different?
by Patrick ImamA report from the International Monetary Fund.
La rapsodia del crimen. Trujillo vs. Castillo Armas
by Tony RafulEl presidente de Guatemala Carlos Castillo Armas fue asesinado el 26 de julio de 1957, por una conjura dirigida por el dictador dominicano Rafael Trujillo Molina, el Generalísimo. Escrito a intervalos angustiantes, reproduciendo el espacio sonoro de los personajes, esta obra reúne toda aquella información que al autor le ha parecido indispensable para explicar la historia de este magnicidio. Dominicano por nacimiento y centroamericano por vocación, Tony Raful transita cómodamente en la historia, hurga en algunos nombres, los revive 60 años después, en un aquelarre centroamericano y caribeño de intrigas y acechanzas, más propio de la ficción, de un obstinado inventario de fábulas y ojerizas. El dictador Trujillo es omnisciente y temido. Su sombra ronda insepulta en esta obra. Es la historia de un ego mayor aupando un crimen, sin ninguna motivación ideológica ni política. Una muerte a destajo para resarcir un orgullo y castigar una ingratitud. Nada es invento. Sobre el apasionante discurrir de la trama del magnicidio aparecen los indicios, las culpas probatorias, las complicidades, los enlaces, los encubrimientos y sobreseimientos jurídicos. El autor sale al encuentro con las pruebas en sus manos, identifica los corolarios delirantes y patéticos, pero no tiene donde llevarlas, está fuera del tiempo. Entonces las vuelca como ofrenda y provocación, para que el relato de aquel crimen vuelva sorpresivo, con la impronta de sus motivos y el brazo largo del Generalísimo Trujillo, a saldar una deuda pendiente con la historia de Guatemala.
Rapunzel And The Vanishing Village: A Tangled Novel
by Leila HowlandRapunzel craves adventure and longs for experiences outside the walls of her kingdom. So when she embarks on an epic journey to save Corona with the people closest to her, she's surprised to discover it's not quite as enjoyable as she thought it would be. Bumps in the road cause tempers to flare, and Raps can't even seem to get a self-portrait right. Plus, her best friend, Cassandra, grows more and more frustrated whenever they veer away from her itinerary, and Rapunzel's boyfriend, Eugene, feels he's not being taken seriously. But when the group discovers an idyllic village said to be the birth place of the Flynnigan Rider books, they agree to make an unplanned stop. And soon it becomes clear that there is more to Harmony Glen than meets the eye: something or someone is determined to wipe it off the map for good. Will the heroes be able to work together to solve the mystery of the vanishing village before it's too late? Leila Howland's second original tied to the hit Disney Channel show, Tangled the Series, features an all-new adventure starring Rapunzel, Cassandra, and fan-favorite Eugene!
Rapunzel's Bad Hair Day
by Helaine BeckerRapunzel thinks today is a bad hair day to end all bad hair days, but it just may be the best day yet.
Rapunzel's Wedding Day (Disney Princess)
by Disney PressGirls 3-7 will love this rollicking full-color storybook based on Disney's animated short Tangled Ever After about Princess Rapunzel's wedding day.
Rare
by Keith VeroneseHow will your life change when the supply of tantalum dries up? You may have never heard of this unusual metal, but without it smartphones would be instantly less omniscient, video game systems would falter, and laptops fail. Tantalum is not alone. Rhodium. Osmium. Niobium. Such refugees from the bottom of the periodic table are key components of many consumer products like cell phones, hybrid car batteries, and flat screen televisions, as well as sophisticated medical devices and even weapon systems. Their versatile properties have led manufacturers to seek these elements out to maximize longevity, value, and efficiency, but not without a human price. In addition to explaining the chemistry behind rare earth metals, Rare delves into the economic and geopolitical issues surrounding these "conflict minerals," blending tales of financial and political struggles with glimpses into the human lives that are shattered by the race to secure them. In the past decade, the Congo has been ravaged by tribal wars fought to obtain control of tantalum, tungsten, and tin supplies in the region, with over five million people dying at the crossroads of supply and demand. A burgeoning black market in China, Africa, and India is propped up by school-age children retrieving and purifying these metals while risking their lives and health in the process. Fears of future political struggles inside China, the world's largest supplier of these metals, have already sent the United States, Great Britain, and Japan racing to find alternative sources.Will scientists be able to create lab substitutes for some or all of these metals? Will Afghanistan be the next big supplier of rare metals? What happens when the limited supply runs out? Whatever the answers, it is clear that our modern lifestyle, dependent on technology, is far from stable.From the Hardcover edition.
Rare Earth Frontiers: From Terrestrial Subsoils to Lunar Landscapes
by Julie Michelle KlingerRare Earth Frontiers is a work of human geography that serves to demystify the powerful elements that make possible the miniaturization of electronics, green energy and medical technologies, and essential telecommunications and defense systems. Julie Michelle Klinger draws attention to the fact that the rare earths we rely on most are as common as copper or lead, and this means the implications of their extraction are global. Klinger excavates the rich historical origins and ongoing ramifications of the quest to mine rare earths in ever more impossible places.Klinger writes about the devastating damage to lives and the environment caused by the exploitation of rare earths. She demonstrates in human terms how scarcity myths have been conscripted into diverse geopolitical campaigns that use rare earth mining as a pretext to capture spaces that have historically fallen beyond the grasp of centralized power. These include legally and logistically forbidding locations in the Amazon, Greenland, and Afghanistan, and on the Moon. Drawing on ethnographic, archival, and interview data gathered in local languages and offering possible solutions to the problems it documents, this book examines the production of the rare earth frontier as a place, a concept, and a zone of contestation, sacrifice, and transformation.
Raritan on War: An Anthology (Raritan Skiff Books)
by C. Felix Amerasinghe Andrew J. Bacevich Victoria De Grazia Tamas Dobozy David Ferry M. Fortuna Cai Guo-Qiang Emma Dodge Hanson Jochen Hellbeck Karl Kirchwey Ray Klimek Peter LaBier Patrick Lawrence D. Mark Levitt Michael Miller Lyle Jeremy Rubin Elizabeth D. Samet Sherod Santos Robert WestbrookWe are, once again, a world at war. Geopolitical elites are deploying the implacable forces of ethnocentric hatred and religious nationalism; ordinary people are paying a fearful price. Not for the first time: this has been the characteristic pattern of war for more than a century. Every selection in this anthology (except for the timeless Aeneid) casts light on modern war, observed or directly experienced. Most are grounded in particular places—Stalingrad, Halberstadt, Budapest, Baghdad, Algiers, the Tamil ghost towns of Sri Lanka, the six-by-twelve-foot cell in Belmarsh maximum security prison where Julian Assange is held without bail for the act of revealing U.S. war crimes. Some recapture the actual look and feel of war—the sight of a seven-year-old girl clutching her mother's hand, dodging explosions in the Halberstadt public square; the sound of a Mozart concerto in D Minor, heard by a family hiding in a cave, played on their own piano by a Serbian sniper. Others take aim at the vast and vapid abstractions used to justify armed conflict, down to and including the use of nuclear weapons. Raritan on War collects some of the finest writing on that troubling subject published in Raritan Quarterly between 2003 and 2022. The editors, Jackson Lears and Karen Parker Lears, have selected work that typifies Raritan's wide-ranging sensibility, focusing on a topic that is aesthetically rich, intellectually challenging, and morally disturbing. Ultimately, Raritan on War reveals the power of art and reflection to sustain humane ways of being in the world, even amid constant global violence. Contributors: C. Felix Amerasinghe; Andrew J. Bacevich; Victoria De Grazia; Tamas Dobozy; David Ferry; M. Fortuna; Cai Guo-Qiang; Emma Dodge Hanson; Jochen Hellbeck; Karl Kirchwey; Ray Klimek; Peter LaBier; Patrick Lawrence; d. mark levitt; Michael Miller; Lyle Jeremy Rubin; Elizabeth D. Samet; Sherod Santos; Robert Westbrook
The Rascal King: The Life and Times of James Michael Curley (1874-1958)
by Jack BeattyThe nationally acclaimed, award-winning biography of "the Kingfish of Massachusetts" and an epic of urban politics and Irish America.
Rashtra Mukti: राष्ट्र मुक्ति
by Akhilesh Sharma‘राष्ट्र मुक्ति’ किसी आंदोलन का नाम प्रतीत होता है। वह आंदोलन जो ‘शायद’ एक या दो सदी पहले घटित हो गया। आज हम स्वतंत्रता का “अमृत महोत्सव” मना रहे हैं। ऐसे में यह नाम अप्रासंगिक लगता है। पर बात विधान की हो, न्याय की हो या कार्यपालन की, हर स्थान पर मध्यस्थता अनिवार्य है। न्याय के सर्वोच्च शिखर पर विदेशी भाषा अनिवार्य है। मुद्रास्फीति, विदेशी ऋण, विदेशी वस्त्र और शिष्टाचार सब कुछ अनिवार्य है। क्या इसी को स्वतंत्रता कहते हैं? राष्ट्र मुक्ति इन्हीं तत्वों का विवेचनात्मक अध्ययन है।
Rashtravad
by Ravindranath Thakur૧૯૧૬ માં જાપાન અને અમેરિકાના પ્રવાસ દરમ્યાન રબીન્દ્રનાથ ટાગોરે આપેલાં પ્રવચનો.
Rasputin
by Frances WelchTold with humor, intrigue, and a shrewd eye for detail, this riveting short biography sheds much-needed light on the life of nineteenth-century Russian icon Grigory Rasputin.Grigory Rasputin, a Siberian peasant turned mystic and court sage, was as fascinating as he was unfathomable. He played the role of the simple man, eating with his fingers and boasting, "I don't even know the ABC." But, as the only person able to relieve the symptoms of hemophilia in the Tsar's heir Alexei, he gained almost hallowed status within the Imperial court. During the last decade of his life, Rasputin and his band of "little ladies" came to symbolize all that was decadent, corrupt, and remote about the Imperial Family, especially when it was rumored that he was not only shaping Russian policy during the First World War, but also enjoying an intimate relationship with the Empress... Rasputin's role in the downfall of the tsarist regime is beyond dispute. But who was he really? Prophet or rascal? A "breath of rank air...who blew away the cobwebs of the Imperial Palace," as Beryl Bainbridge put it, or a dangerous deviant? Writing for historical aficionados and curious readers alike, Frances Welch turns her inimitable wry gaze on one of the great mysteries of Russian history.
Rasputin and His Russian Queen: The True Story of Grigory and Alexandra
by Mickey MayhewRasputin’s relationship with Russia’s last Tsarina, Alexandra, notorious from the famous Boney M song, has never been adequately addressed; biographies are always for one or the other, or simply Alexandra and her husband Nicholas. In this new work, Mickey Mayhew reimagines Alexandra for the #MeToo generation: ‘neurotic’; ‘hysterical’; ‘credulous’ and ‘fanatical’ are shunted aside in favor of a sympathetic reimagining of a reserved and pious woman tossed into the heart of Russian aristocracy, with the sole purpose of providing their patriarchal monarchy with an heir. When the son she prayed for turns out to be a hemophiliac, she forms a friendship with the one man capable of curing the child’s agonizing attacks. Some say that between them, Grigori and Alexandra brought down 300 years of Romanov rule and ushered in the Russian Revolution, but theirs was simply the story of a mother fighting for the health of her son against a backdrop of bigotry, sexism and increasing secularism. Bubbling with his trademark bon mots, Mickey Mayhew’s new book breathes fresh life into two of history’s most fascinating - and polarizing - figures. She liked to pray and he liked to party, but when they found themselves steering Russia into the First World War, her gender and his class meant that society simply had to crush them. This is the real story of Rasputin and his Russian queen, Alexandra.
Rassismus in den Vorstellungen angehender Lehrkräfte: Ein Beitrag zur politikdidaktischen Forschung (Bürgerbewusstsein)
by Lara KierotIn diesem Buch werden subjektive Vorstellungen über Rassismus aus Perspektive von Lehramtsstudierenden des Unterrichtsfaches Geschichte, Sozialkunde und Politische Bildung erforscht. Die Analyse ordnet sich erkenntnistheoretisch in Zugängen des Sozialkonstruktivismus und der Rassismuskritik ein und arbeitet mit einem subjektbezogenen Verständnis innerhalb der Politischen Bildung. Methodisch erfolgt das qualitative Studiendesign anhand einer explorativen Fragebogenstudie und daran anschließenden problemzentrierten Interviews. Dadurch wird anhand von thematisch verdichteten Relevanzsetzungen in den analysierten Vorstellungen erschlossen, wie Rassismus von den angehenden Lehrkräften eingeordnet wird und entsprechend didaktisch verhandelt werden kann. Auf dieser Basis werden rassismuskritische Impulse für den politikdidaktischen Umgang mit Rassismus entwickelt, um somit empirisch begründet und theoretisch reflektiert themenspezifische Lehr- und Lernprozesse für die ausgewählte Zielgruppe zu fördern.
Rassismuserfahrungen von Schüler*innen: Institutionelle Grenzziehungen an Schulen (Pädagogische Professionalität und Migrationsdiskurse)
by Aylin KarabulutDas Buch thematisiert den Erfahrungsraum von Schülerinnen und Schülern im Hinblick auf rassismusrelevante Ungleichheiten in schulischen Bildungsinstitutionen – eine Forschungsperspektive, die bisher kaum im Fokus erziehungswissenschaftlicher Forschung steht. Die Autorin verschränkt Rassismuskritik und Ansätze der Bildungsungleichheitsforschung und zeigt in den Differenzen zu außerschulischen Rassismuserfahrungen die Spezifik institutionell verankerter schulischer Rassismuserfahrungen auf.
Rastafari: The Evolution of a People and Their Identity
by Charles PriceIlluminates how the Rastafari movement managed to evolve in the face of severe biases Misunderstood, misappropriated, belittled: though the Rastafari feature frequently in media and culture, they have most often been misrepresented, their political and religious significance minimized. But they have not been vanquished.Charles Price’s Rastafari: The Evolution of a People and Their Identity reclaims the rich history of this relatively new world religion. Charting its humble and rebellious roots in Jamaica’s backcountry in the late nineteenth century to the present day, Price explains how Jamaicans’ obsession with the Rastafari wavered from campaigns of violence to appeasement and cooptation. Indeed, he argues that the Rastafari as a political, religious, and cultural movement survived the biases and violence they faced through their race consciousness and uncanny ability to ride the waves of anti-colonialism and Black Power. This social movement traveled throughout the Caribbean, Africa, Central America, and the United States, capturing the heart and imagination of much of the African diaspora. Rastafari spans the movement’s struggle for autonomy, its multiple campaigns for repatriation to Africa, and its leading role in the Black consciousness movements of the twentieth century. Not satisfied with simply narrating the past, Rastafari also takes on the challenges of gender equality and the commodification of Rastafari culture in the twenty-first century without abandoning its message of equality and empowering the downpressed. Rastafari shows how this cultural and political context helped to shape the development of a Black collective identity, demonstrating how Rastafarians confronted society-wide ridicule and oppression and emerged prouder and more united, steadfast in their conviction that they were a chosen people.