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Rohingya Camp Narratives: Tales From the ‘Lesser Roads’ Traveled (Global Political Transitions)
by Imtiaz A. HussainThis book presents thirteen chapters which probe the “tales less told” and “pathways less traveled” in refugee camp living. Rohingya camps in Bangladesh since August 2017 supply these “tales” and “pathways”. They dwell upon/reflect camp violence, sexual/gender discrimination, intersectionality, justice, the sudden COVID camp entry, human security, children education, innovation, and relocation plans. Built largely upon field trips, these narratives interestingly interweave with both theoretical threads (hypotheses) and tapestries (net-effects), feeding into the security-driven pulls of political realism, or disseminating from humanitarian-driven socioeconomic pushes, but mostly combining them. Post-ethnic cleansing and post-exodus windows open up a murky future for Rohingya and global refugees. We learn of positive offshoots (of camp innovations exposing civil society relevance) and negative (like human and sex trafficking beyond Bangladeshi and Myanmar borders), as of navigating (a) local–global linkages of every dynamic and (b) fast-moving current circumstances against stoic historical leftovers.
The Rohingya Crisis: A Moral, Ethnographic, and Policy Assessment
by Norman K. Swazo Sk. Tawfique Haque Md. Mahbubul Haque Tasmia NowerThis book provides a history of the ethnic persecution of the Rohingyas in Myanmar and their disputed ethnic and national identity. It focuses on how the crisis has morphed into a geopolitical encounter among Bangladesh, China, India, and Myanmar. It further explores the moral, ethnographic, and public policy issues in the humanitarian response to the crisis of the Rohingya people. The volume analyzes the question of citizenship for the Rohingyas by analyzing historical documents and interviews which chronicle the status and identity of the community and their past involvement in the government and politics of Myanmar. The authors focus specifically on the changing geopolitical context of state formation in South Asia and the tense relationships between Myanmar and its neighbours – Bangladesh, China, and India. The book examines the alliances and disputes in the South and Southeast Asia region, which are predicated on economic and strategic gains, and their impact on the Rohingya crisis. It also looks at the failure of bilateral and multilateral negotiations among these countries to adequately address or alleviate the plight of the stateless Rohingyas. This volume will be of great interest to scholars and researchers of international studies, peace, human rights and conflict studies, sociology, ethnic studies, border studies, migration and diaspora studies, discrimination and exclusion studies, public policy, and Asian Studies. It will also be useful for professionals working in the media, nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), think tanks, and policy makers, as well as general readers interested in the history of the persecution of the Rohingya people.
The Rohingya in South Asia: People Without a State
by Sabyasachi Basu Ray Chaudhury Ranabir SamaddarThe Rohingya of Myanmar are one of the world’s most persecuted minority populations without citizenship. After the latest exodus from Myanmar in 2017, there are now more than half a million Rohingya in Bangladesh living in camps, often in conditions of abject poverty, malnutrition and without proper access to shelter or work permits. Some of them are now compelled to take to the seas in perilous journeys to the Southeast Asian countries in search of a better life. They are now asked to go back to Myanmar, but without any promise of citizenship or an end to discrimination. This book looks at the Rohingya in the South Asian region, primarily India and Bangladesh. It explores the broader picture of the historical and political dimensions of the Rohingya crisis, and examines subjects of statelessness, human rights and humanitarian protection of these victims of forced migration. Further, it chronicles the actual process of emergence of a stateless community – the transformation of a national group into a stateless existence without basic rights.
The Rohingya, Justice and International Law
by Kriangsak KittichaisareeWritten by an international judge, professor and former ambassador with decades of experience in the field, this is an incisive and highly readable book about international law as well as realpolitik in bilateral and multilateral diplomacy in the quest for justice by victims of serious human rights violations amounting to grave crimes of international concern. Focusing on the plight of the ethnic and religious group of persons called the ‘Rohingya’, normally residing in Myanmar, as the case study, the book elaborates the complex legal technicalities and impediments in international courts and foreign domestic criminal courts exercising ‘universal jurisdiction’ in relation to acts amounting to genocide, crimes against humanity and/or war crimes. It builds on and adds value to existing literature on the international law applicable to the protection of human rights as interpreted by the International Court of Justice as well as that on the international criminal justice meted out by domestic criminal courts, ad hoc international criminal tribunals and the permanent International Criminal Court. The book will be essential reading for students, researchers and academics in public international law, international criminal law, international human rights law as well as government officials and those working for NGOs and international organizations with mandates in these fields.
Rohingya Refugee Crisis in Myanmar: Ethnic Conflict and Resolution
by Kudret Bülbül Md. Nazmul Islam Md. Sajid KhanThis book discusses the current reality and the future of ethnic Rohingyas in Myanmar. It presents Myanmar’s history, policy, politics and, most importantly, while focusing on Rohingya ethnic conflict, presents a resolution by looking at the global and regional policies and politics of South Asia and South-East Asia. The recent coup unfolded in Myanmar and the detention of the democratic leaders has surprised the world with its subsequent emergency declaration in 2021, thus making this book relevant and well-timed. Eventually, the book offers an account of a previously little known, yet much-discussed role of media, international actors, human trafficking, and humanitarian-based resolution for Rohingya refugee crisis. It shows a new perspective in the post-Rohingya influx era of Bangladesh and the neighbouring countries.
La rojería: Esbozos biográficos de comunistas mexicanos
by Óscar De PabloEl marxismo asevera que la historia de la humanidad es la historia de la lucha de clases. De ser así, la historia de cualquier nación en el siglo XX puede reflejarse en el devenir de su movimiento comunista. Y una manera particularmente entrañable de relatar la vida del comunismo mexicano es seguir el rastro biográfico de sus protagonistas. ¿Quiénes eran las personas detrás de las siglas y los programas? ¿De dónde provinieron, qué sacrificios hicieron, qué errores cometieron? En sus diferencias y claroscuros -en sus valentías y mezquindades- empujaron tanto la soberanía como el internacionalismo, los derechos para los trabajadores y las instituciones para controlarlos, las libertades individuales y los mecanismos que las sofrenaron. Ayudaron a definir, en suma, el rostro de la izquierda en el país y la idea misma de México. Los casi 150 esbozos biográficos aquí reunidos pueden consultarse como entradas independientes de un diccionario o bien leerse como un relato continuo, poblado de batallas. En cualquier caso, el diálogo entre ellos ilumina una parte clave de nuestro siglo XX.
Roland-Michel Barrin de La Galissoniere 1693-1756
by Lionel GroulxLa Galissionière was the most remarkable of the governors of New France in the eighteenth century, although he spent only a short time there (1747 to 1749). He stood out above all through his intellectual qualities: his mind was brilliant, wide-ranging, and nourished by a creative imagination which was fertile in new ideas and rapid solutions. Roland-Michel Barrin de la Galissonière was born at Rochefort, France, in November 1693 to a family which included in its ranks members of the parlement, intendants, wealthy merchants, and powerful officials. At 17 he joined the navy, and after a successful career was sent to Canada at the age of 54 as "commander-in-chief of the colony," at a time when it was in great peril. Louisbourg and Acadia had been lost to the English; the Gulf of St. Lawrence was infested with English privateers; Quebec was under constant threat of invasion from the south, and its vital alliance with the Indians was proving to be shaky. The western fur trading were ineffective because of the wartime interruption of commerce. La Galissonière grasped the many problems quickly and clearly, and set out to restructure the colony, to join its badly fitting parts together in an organized whole. The attitude of his superiors at home was a major difficulty. Neither Vaudreuil nor Beauharnois, his predecessors, had been able to jolt the minister and the king out of their apathy concerning the colony; La Galissonière made the alarm they had sounded timidly ring out in the offices of Versailles. He attempted desperately the impossible recovery they had not known how to carry out in time. This biographical essays paints a vivid and forceful picture of New France on the eve of the Seven Years' War.
The Role and Control of Weapons in the 1990s (The Operational Level of War #17)
by Frank BarnabyWith the end of the Cold War, many of the old threats to European security have disappeared. New ones, however, are now emerging, particularly in the light of the rise of nationalism and the spread of nuclear, biological and chemical weapons to politically unstable countries. The Role and Control of Weapons in the 1990's examines these security issues - the proliferation of nuclear weapons in the Third World, the threat from international terrorists, the environmental damage caused by modern warfare - to argue that control over weapons of mass destruction must be dramatically increased.
Role Compatibility as Socialization: The Case of Pakistan (Role Theory and International Relations)
by Dorothée VandammeIn Role Compatibility as Socialization, Dorothée Vandamme examines Pakistan’s socialization process in terms of role compatibility in the 2008-2018 period. Adopting an Interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) method of analysis, Vandamme builds on role theory to develop a theory of socialization as role compatibility to explain the dynamics of Pakistan’s (dys)functioning position and its status-seeking process as a fully functioning member of the international system. Specifically, she focuses on how Pakistani civilian and military leaders define their country’s positioning towards India, the United States and China. In doing so, she traces the link between domestic role contestation at the country’s inception and the resulting domination of the military’s conception of their country, state identity, how it projects itself externally and how it is received by others. Departing from strictly structural or agent-oriented explanations, Vandamme expertly demonstrates Pakistan’s perceived role compatibility with significant others and underlines the causality between state identity, foreign policy behavior and socialization. Role Compatibility as Socialization will be of interest to graduate students and researchers who work on and with role theory and socialization theory, and for those with a research interest on South Asia.
Role Differentiation in Chinese Higher Education: Tensions between Political Socialization and Academic Autonomy (Governance and Citizenship in Asia)
by Xiaoxin DuThis book examines tensions between the Chinese state and Chinese universities. It looks at the state’s demand for political socialization as a restriction on university autonomy and the university’s promotion of academic development through promoting academic freedom and fostering critical thinkers, using Jour University in PRC, as a case study.The book focuses on the dynamics and complexity of the interplay between the state, universities, faculty, staff and students in the process of socialization through political education and academic affairs. Theories on political socialization and higher education guide this study. As universities’ socio-political task of imbuing students with a certain type of ideology coexists with their role of promoting university autonomy, examining China’s higher education system provides important insights as different players’ interaction. These present a dynamic picture of role differentiation as a strategy to cope with a politically restricted autonomy, which challenges some common stereotypes that have been put on Chinese universities within the global community.
The Role for Counter-Cyclical Fiscal Policy in Singapore
by Leif Lybecker EskesenA report from the International Monetary Fund.
The Role of American NGOs in China's Modernization: Invited Influence (Asia's Transformations)
by Norton WheelerIn the waning years of the Cold War, the United States and China began to cautiously engage in cultural, educational, and policy exchanges, which in turn strengthened new security and economic ties. These links have helped shape the most important bilateral relationship in the late-twentieth and early twenty-first centuries. This book explores the dynamics of cultural exchange through an in-depth historical investigation of three organizations at the forefront of U.S.-China non-governmental relations: the Hopkins-Nanjing Center for Chinese and American Studies, the National Committee on United States-China Relations, and The 1990 Institute. Norton Wheeler reveals the impact of American non-governmental organizations (NGOs) on education, environment, fiscal policy, and civil society in contemporary China. In turn, this book illuminates the important role that NGOs play in complementing formal diplomacy and presents a model of society-to-society relations that moves beyond old debates over cultural imperialism. Finally, the book highlights the increasingly significant role of Chinese Americans as bridges between the two societies. Based on extensive archival research and interviews with leading American and Chinese figures, this book will be of interest to students and scholars of Chinese politics and history, international relations and transnational NGOs.
The Role of Art and Culture for Regional and Urban Resilience
by Philip Cooke Luciana LazzerettiThis book analyses the influence of art and culture as an engine to promote the resilience of regional and urban economies. Under a multidiscplinary perspective, the book examines the contribution of some creative regions and cities as places in which processes of transformation, innovation and growth are activated in response to external pressures. Through different theoretical frameworks and empirical investigations and suggesting a critical discussion of the notion of resilience, the authors argue that cultural and creative resources may offer a sustainable model in order to afford different typologies of shocks. The book will appeal scholars of regional and urban science and cultural and creative economies and will open up a number of considerations for policy makers.This volume was originally published as a special issue of European Planning Studies.
Role Of Ballistic And Cruise Missiles In International Security
by Debalina GhoshalThe book attempts to understand the myriad roles of ballistic and cruise missiles in international security. They are for combat purpose, deterrence, coercive diplomacy and power and prestige of a state. The book also studies missile developments across the world. The book also aims to fathom the various possibilities to reduce the threat from missile systems.
The Role of BRICS in Large-Scale Armed Conflict: Building a Multi-Polar World Order (New Security Challenges)
by Malte BrosigThis book explores how BRICS countries respond to, and get involved in, large scale armed conflict. It argues that through responding to armed conflict and deviating from the preferred Western foreign policy, BRICS countries are actively involved in building a multi-polar and post-western world order. The author develops a concise typology of response types portraying a nuanced picture of the BRICS grouping. Responses reach from non-coercive and cooperative multi-lateral behaviour reaching to neo-imperial unilateralism and military intervention. The book explains the selection of response types with reference to six variables which refer to the proximity to war, availability of power resources, the type of conflict, economic interests, the BRICS normative agenda and global humanitarian norms. Four armed conflicts in Libya, Syria, South Sudan and the Ukraine are chosen to illustrate the BRICS engagement with large scale armed conflicts.
The Role of Business in the Development of the Welfare State and Labor Markets in Germany: Containing Social Reforms (Routledge Studies in the Political Economy of the Welfare State)
by Thomas PasterThis book assesses the role of employers in the development of welfare state and labour market institutions. Building on an in-depth analysis of Germany, a market economy known to often provide economic benefits to firms, this book explores one of the most contested issues in the comparative and historical literature on the welfare state. In a departure from existing employer-centered explanations, the author applies new empirical data to contend that the variation in acceptance of social reform depends more on changes in the types of political challenges faced by employers, than on changes in the type of institutions considered economically beneficial. Covering major reforms spanning more than a century of institutional development in unemployment insurance, accident insurance, pensions, collective bargaining, and codetermination, this book argues that employers support social policy as a means to contain political outcomes that would have been worse, including labour unrest and more radical reform plans. Using new and controversial findings on the role of employers in welfare state development, this book considers the conditions for a peaceful coexistence of a generous welfare state and the business world. The Role of Business in the Development of the Welfare State and Labor Markets in Germany will be of interest to students and scholars of welfare and social policy politics, political economy and European politics.
The Role of Canadian City Managers: In Their Own Words
by Michael Fenn Gordon Mcintosh David SiegelLocal government has rapidly become both more important and more complex and the quality of municipal management is becoming more significant every day as local governments deal with a vast array of organizational and community challenges. The Role of Canadian City Managers brings together experienced city managers and municipal chief administrative officers (CAOs) across Canada to analyse the daily issues that they face. Each chapter deals with a particular issue or challenge, such as council/staff relations, collaborative initiatives, and crisis readiness. The book contributes to the literature on local government and public administration by providing insights from the "real time" lived experiences of city managers, spoken in their own words. The book also speculates about the contemporary leadership role of the city manager and the future of the city management profession. The Role of Canadian City Managers is a useful resource for scholars and students of local government and public administration, as well as public servants who work with or aspire to leadership roles within local government.
The Role of Civil Society in Africa’s Quest for Democratization
by Abadir M. IbrahimThis book tests many of the assumptions, hypotheses, and conclusions connected with the presumed role of civil society organizations in the democratization of African countries. Taking a comparative approach, it looks at countries that have successfully democratized, those that are stuck between progress and regression, those that have regressed into dictatorship, and those that are currently in transitional flux and evaluates what role, if any, civil society has played in each instance. The countries discussed--South Africa, Ghana, Nigeria, Ethiopia, Egypt and Tunisia--represent a diverse set of social and political circumstances and different levels of democratic achievement, providing a rich set of case studies. Each sample state also offers an internal comparison, as each has historically experienced different stages of democratization. Along the course of each case study, the book also considers the effect that other traditionally studied factors, such as culture, colonization, economic development and foreign aid, may have had on individual attempts at democratization. The first extensive work on civil society and democratization in Africa, the book adds new insights to the applicability of democratization theory in a non-Western context, both filling a gap in and adding to the existing universal scholarship. This book will be useful for scholars of political science, economics, sociology and African studies, as well as human rights activists and policy makers in the relevant geographical areas.
The Role of Civil Society in Transitional Justice: The Case of Russia
by Selbi DurdiyevaThis book examines how civil society engages with transitional justice in Russia, demonstrating a broad range of roles civil society can undertake while operating in a restrictive political context. Based on sociolegal research, the study focuses on three types of civil society groups dealing with the legacies of the Soviet repression in Russia – a prominent organisation that works on recovering historical truth, the International Memorial; a parish of the Orthodox Church of Russia operating at a former mass execution and mass burial site, the Church at Butovo; and contentious groups that could hinder attempts at reckoning and promote state narratives built on the Stalinist and WWII victory myths. This book explores an often-overlooked case of Russia’s transitional justice ‘from below.’ It provides insights into how even in authoritarian contexts, civil society can adopt imaginative, piecemeal, and at times unconventional ways of seeking justice outside and in the absence of official and institutionalised transitional justice measures. This book will appeal to scholars of transitional justice, memory studies, human rights, and democratic and civil society theory, as well as policymakers and practitioners in these fields, and others with interests in Russian and post-Soviet studies.
The Role of Coal in a Sustainable Energy Mix for India: A Wide-Angle View
by Mritiunjoy Mohanty and Runa SarkarAs India switches away from a coal-based to a more sustainable energy use pattern, which pathway will it adopt? What is the nature of challenges that it will face, and who will be affected? Who will gain? This volume offers insights into the steps and challenges involved in this transition and addresses some urgent questions about the possible pathways for India’s renewable energy generation. Including contributions from researchers, policymakers, and practitioners, it draws on different disciplines, ranging from science and technology to economics and sociology, and situates the issue of low carbon transition within an interdisciplinary framework. India has committed to gradual decarbonisation of its economy. This book takes this as its starting point and uses a wide-angle lens, incorporating macro as well as micro views, to understand the possible next steps as well as trade-offs that will inevitably be posed. It incorporates the perspectives of all stakeholders ranging from central and state governments, public and private sector firms, on the one hand, to individuals and local communities, on the other, to explore their role in the transition, their interests, and how these will change and evolve. This timely volume will be of interest to students and researchers of environmental studies, development studies, environmental economics, political studies, and Asian studies. It will also be useful to academics, practitioners, and policymakers working on issues related to climate change, sustainable development, energy policy and economics,and public policy.
The Role of Coloniality, Decoloniality, and Education in Shaping Perspectives on Extremism: Exploring Perceptions among Students in Bangladesh (Routledge Research in International and Comparative Education)
by Helal Hossain DhaliThis book extends a comprehensive overview of the treatment of extremism in education in Bangladesh, using a study of perceptions among students to explore proactive measures for the prevention of various types and forms of extremism prevalent among youth.It offers a critical, holistic, and student-centred study of the role of formal education in shaping perceptions of extremism and intersectional differences among individuals, drawing on data from university students. The author employs post-colonial theory and multicultural educational approaches to highlight how understandings of extremism differ across young adults and policymakers. Ultimately, it demonstrates that students’ overall understanding of extremism is much broader than that of policymakers, and how understandings differ between male and female students at the intersection of rural and urban locations and socio-economic positions. As such, it foregrounds a need to involve and organize formal education as a proactive means to raise awareness and counter all forms of extremism, through incorporating specific teaching strategies into pedagogical practices to foster an anti-communalist, humanistic, critical multicultural, and cosmopolitan outlook among students.It will appeal to scholars and researchers with interests across multicultural education, comparative and international education, the sociology of education, extremism, and conflict and peace studies.
The Role of Consent in Human Trafficking
by Jessica ElliottHuman trafficking is consistently featured on the global political agenda. This book examines the trafficking of adult female victims for sexual exploitation, and specifically the understanding of consent and its influence in the identification and treatment of trafficking victims. Jessica Elliott argues that when applied to situations of human trafficking, migration and sexual exploitation, the notion of consent presents problems which current international laws are unable to address. Establishing the presence of 'coercion' and a lack of consent can be highly problematic, particularly in situations of human trafficking and exploitative prostitution; activities which may be deemed inherently coercive and problematically clandestine. By examining legal definitions of human trafficking in international instruments and their domestic implementation in different countries, the book explores victimhood in the context of exploitative migration, and argues that no clear line can be drawn between those who have been smuggled, trafficked, or 'consensually trafficked' into a situation of exploitation. The book will be great use and interest to students and researchers of migration law, transnational criminal law, and gender studies.
The Role of Design, Construction, and Real Estate in Advancing the Sustainable Development Goals (Sustainable Development Goals Series)
by Thomas Walker Carmela Cucuzzella Sherif Goubran Rana GeithThis edited book brings together insights from scholars and practitioners from many different fields to uncover the role of the construction and real estate sectors and how they align with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). It follows a lifecycle-based approach to the topic, addressing the design, construction, management, investment, and regulatory dimensions of projects in the area. It expands the reader’s understanding of the built environment beyond the design and construction phases, which enables the collection to explore the links and transitions between different project phases and uncover new methodologies that aim to tackle systemic sustainable development challenges. The chapters’ comprehensive coverage allows the collection to capitalize on the strengths and weaknesses of the building industry, highlight emerging trends, and uncover some critical gaps that need to be addressed to attain the 2030 vision. This puts into perspective the interconnected nature of the SDGs and highlights the importance of multi-stakeholder collaborations in achieving them.
The Role of Domestic Courts in Treaty Enforcement: A Comparative Study
by David SlossThis book examines the application of treaties by domestic courts in twelve countries. The central question is whether domestic courts actually provide remedies to private parties who are harmed by a violation of their treaty-based rights. The analysis shows that domestic courts in eight of the twelve countries - Australia, Canada, Germany, India, the Netherlands, Poland, South Africa, and the United Kingdom - generally do enforce treaty-based rights on behalf of private parties. On the other hand, the evidence is mixed for the other four countries: China, Israel, Russia, and the United States. In China, Israel, and Russia, the trends are moving in the direction of greater judicial enforcement of treaties on behalf of private parties. The United States is the only country surveyed where the trend is moving in the opposite direction. U.S. courts' reluctance to enforce treaty-based rights undermines efforts to develop a more cooperative global order.
The Role of Economic Advisers in Israel's Economic Policy: Crises, Reform And Stabilization
by Daniel Schiffman Warren Young Yaron ZelekhaThis book illustrates the role of international economic advisors in the development of Israel’s economic policies. Based on extensive archival and historical research, it presents case studies on the policy impacts of the world-renowned advisors Michal Kalecki, Abba Lerner, Richard Kahn, Milton Friedman, Herbert Stein and Stanley Fischer. The authors evaluate the contributions of these advisors to policy developments in various fields, including international trade and capital flows, exchange rates, fiscal and monetary policy, industrial policy and labor relations. Readers will discover a wealth of previously unpublished information on these advisors’ activities, perspectives on policy and interactions with policymakers and the public. Using the Israeli experience as a guide, the authors subsequently derive general hypotheses regarding the conditions that are conducive to the success of economic advisors.