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The China Model: Political Meritocracy and the Limits of Democracy
by Daniel A. BellWesterners tend to divide the political world into "good" democracies and "bad" authoritarian regimes. But the Chinese political model does not fit neatly in either category. Over the past three decades, China has evolved a political system that can best be described as "political meritocracy." The China Model seeks to understand the ideals and the reality of this unique political system. How do the ideals of political meritocracy set the standard for evaluating political progress (and regress) in China? How can China avoid the disadvantages of political meritocracy? And how can political meritocracy best be combined with democracy? Daniel Bell answers these questions and more.Opening with a critique of "one person, one vote" as a way of choosing top leaders, Bell argues that Chinese-style political meritocracy can help to remedy the key flaws of electoral democracy. He discusses the advantages and pitfalls of political meritocracy, distinguishes between different ways of combining meritocracy and democracy, and argues that China has evolved a model of democratic meritocracy that is morally desirable and politically stable. Bell summarizes and evaluates the "China model"--meritocracy at the top, experimentation in the middle, and democracy at the bottom--and its implications for the rest of the world.A timely and original book that will stir up interest and debate, The China Model looks at a political system that not only has had a long history in China, but could prove to be the most important political development of the twenty-first century.
The China Path and its Original Meaning
by Han QingxiangThis book examines the fundamental issues of Marxism in the 21st century and explores its contributions through the explanatory framework of the unity of continuity and stages, spatial and temporal analysis, and the dialectical relationship of universality and particularity of Marxist historical development. Marxism in the 21st century is a concept closely related to the historical changes of capitalism and the historical shift of the centre of the socialist movement. Marxism in the 21st century should be developed on the basis of the continuation of the fundamental position, value orientation, ideals and beliefs, basic principles and methodological principles of Marxism. This book explores the logic of the development of modernisation in contemporary China and the world, the communication and interaction between contemporary China and the world, and the coexistence of socialism and capitalism. It also examines the relationship between the adaptation of Marxism to the Chinese context, Marxism in contemporary China and in the 21st century. The book also discusses Xi Jinping's Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, which provides a scientific theoretical system for interpreting the contemporary world and could become the core theoretical form of Marxism in the 21st century. The book will be essential reading for students and scholars of Marxism, Chinese studies and modernisation theory.
The China Path to Economic Transition and Development
by Yinxing HongThis book by the renowned Chinese scholar Dr. Yinxing Hong provides the reader with a perceptive analysis of what has worked in China's development model. Over the past 30 years, China has experienced a remarkable economic rise, but it now faces the challenge of switching the drivers of this economic growth, which have proven so successful. The path has not been an easy one, and many challenges lie ahead. However, the rise of the Chinese economy has been the most significant global development in recent years. Is there a specific Chinese model? How was the Chinese transition, from a Soviet-style economic structure to one that is more open to market influences and the global market, achieved? In 15 essays, Dr. Hong provides fascinating insights to these and other key questions. The essays cover the challenges involved in transition and how the market-oriented reforms progressed; what the consequences of the transition were for public goods provision and how China opened up its economic system. The essays in Part II address the remaining challenges facing rural areas trying to develop a more consumer-driven economic base, and how to effectively modify the model of economic development. This book provides a sound basis for policymakers and scholars alike, as well as anyone who wants to get an insider's view of the progress and challenges faced by China's economic development.
The China Price
by Alexandra HarneyIn this landmark work of investigative reporting, former Financial Times correspondent Alexandra Harney uncovers a story of immense significance to us all: how China's factory economy gains a competitive edge by selling out its workers, environment, and future. Harney's firsthand reporting brings us face-to-face with a world in which intense pricing pressure from Western companies combines with ubiquitous corruption and a lack of transparency to exact a staggering toll in human misery and environmental damage. This eye-opening expose offers, for the first time, an intimate look at the defining business story of our time. .
The China Quandary: Domestic Determinants Of U.s. China Policy, 1972-1982
by Robert G SutterThe American reconciliation with the People's Republic of China (PRC) begun by President Richard Nixon and developed by succeeding U.S. presidents has enjoyed wide support in the United States as one of the most important breakthroughs in U.S. foreign policy since the cold war. In broad terms, each American administration, from Richard Nixon's to Ronald Reagan's, has sought to use better relations with China as a means to position the United States favorably in the U.S.- Soviet-PRC triangular relationship; to stabilize Asian affairs, secure a balance of forces in the region favorable to the United States and its allies and friends, and foster a peaceful and prosperous future for Taiwan; to build beneficial economic, cultural, and other bilateral ties; and to work more closely with the PRC on issues of global importance such as world food supply, population control, and arms limitations. China has supported the opening of relations with the United States as a means to strengthen China's national security against the Soviet threat and to oppose the expansion of Soviet power in Asian and world affairs; to obtain U.S. and other Western economic commodities, investment, and technology; and to benefit from cultural, educational, and tourist exchanges.
The China Question: Contestations and Adaptations
by Nicole Talmacs Dragan PavlićevićThe China Question: Contestations and Adaptations provides fresh perspectives on, and empirics about, China’s international relations through the lens of the local and regional configurations and developments around the world. While China’s foreign policy strategies have received much attention, and in particular the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), the local contestations and/or adaptations that China provokes in the countries and regions it engages remain under-researched. In this book, a global collection of scholars examines how countries, societies, and individuals around the world are responding to China‘s rise.
The China Question: Toward Left Perspectives
by Eli Friedman, Kevin Lin, Ashley SmithIs there a &“Left perspective&” on the US-China rivalry? The US-China conflict is no straightforward Great Power rivalry. Understanding it requires wrestling with its multiple dimensions and consequences, from geopolitics to economic interdependence, anti-Asian racism in the US and organizing amongst immigrant diasporas, social movements in China and the character of Chinese capitalism. This ebook groups together insights and perspectives that provide a critical analysis of Chinese capitalism and the movements it produces. In so doing, it provides the basis for developing a progressive, left position on American empire, China&’s ascent, and the conflict between the two.Contributors include activists and intellectuals committed to opposing capitalism and class society, racialized and gendered forms of domination, and the imperialist structure of the interstate system: Rebecca Karl, David Harvey, Ho-Fung Hung, Yige Dong, Eli Friedman, Kevin Lin, Ashley Smith, Dennis Kosuth, Abdullah Younus, Jake Werner, Tobita Chow, Cuizi Liu, Matt Huber, JS Chen, David Grophy, Wilfred Chan, Brian Hioe, and Zifeng Liu.
The China Questions 2: Critical Insights into US-China Relations
by Maria Adele CarraiFollowing the success of The China Questions, a new volume of insights from top China specialists explains key issues shaping today’s US-China relationship.For decades Americans have described China as a rising power. That description no longer fits: China has already risen. What does this mean for the US-China relationship? For the global economy and international security? Seeking to clarify central issues, provide historical perspective, and demystify stereotypes, Maria Adele Carrai, Jennifer Rudolph, and Michael Szonyi and an exceptional group of China experts offer essential insights into the many dimensions of the world’s most important bilateral relationship.Ranging across questions of security, economics, military development, climate change, public health, science and technology, education, and the worrying flashpoints of Hong Kong, Taiwan, and Xinjiang, these concise essays provide an authoritative look at key sites of friction and potential collaboration, with an eye on where the US-China relationship may go in the future. Readers hear from leading thinkers such as James Millward on Xinjiang, Elizabeth Economy on diplomacy, Shelley Rigger on Taiwan, and Winnie Yip and William Hsiao on public health.The voices included in The China Questions 2 recognize that the US-China relationship has changed, and that the policy of engagement needs to change too. But they argue that zero-sum thinking is not the answer. Much that is good for one society is good for both—we are facing not another Cold War but rather a complex and contextually rooted mixture of conflict, competition, and cooperation that needs to be understood on its own terms.
The China Questions: Critical Insights into a Rising Power
by Jennifer RudolphMany books offer information about the world’s most populous country, but few make sense of what is truly at stake. Thirty of the world’s leading China experts—affiliates of Harvard’s renowned Fairbank Center for Chinese Studies—answer key questions about where this new superpower is headed and what makes its people and their leaders tick.
The China Record: An Assessment of the People's Republic
by Fei-Ling WangThe China Record provides readers with an ambitious, detailed, and wide-ranging examination of the People's Republic of China (PRC) under the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) both as an alternative mode of political system and a distinctive model of socioeconomic development. Fei-Ling Wang assesses the record of the economy under the CCP, people's lives and rights, and China's spiritual and physical ecology. He focuses on issues of political representation, criminal justice, fiscal and monetary policies, state-led growth, living standards, academia and education, inequality and poverty, disaster relief and pandemic prevention, culture and ethics, and the protection of antiquities and the environment. Using both quantitative and qualitative data, The China Record seeks to provide a solid and balanced, yet unflinching, view about the nature, strengths, weaknesses, and implications of the PRC as an emerging superpower and a potential world leader. It is an effort to introduce a holistic evaluation of the CCP-PRC's overall efficacy, efficiency, power, sustainability, and desirability—or the lack thereof.
The China Story
by Freda UtleyFirst published in 1951, this book details Utley’s view on America’s handling of the situation in China at the time led to Communist victories. It went on to become a national bestseller, and a milestone in exhibiting how Third World gains by the Communists were helped and facilitated in Washington. It inspired hope in many foreign lands that Communist takeovers were neither indigenous nor “inevitable,” as was often claimed in the 1940’s.“I have read your book and commend it to those who are interested in knowing the truth......”—General Douglas MacArthur“[Utley combines] the keenest and most comprehensive intellectual understanding with deep and sincere emotion.... [they] hold the reader’s attention as intensely as a great novel.”—Bertrand Russell, 1950 Nobel Prize winnerAuthor Freda Utley (1898-1978) was one of the key witnesses against Lattimore in the Tydings Committee investigation (1950) of Senator Joseph McCarthy’s charges of communist influence in the U. S. State Department.
The China Threat: How the People's Republic Targets America
by Bill GertzThe devastating terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon and America's first domestic bio-terrorism mail attacks have shifted America's attention and resources to the immediate threat of international terrorism. But we shouldn't be fooled. Since the publication of the hardcover edition of The China Threat in November of 2000, one thing remains very much the same: the People's Republic of China is the most serious long-term national security challenge to the United States. In fact, after the events of September 11, the China threat should seem all the more real, for Communist China is one of the most important backers of states that support international terrorism.-From the new introduction by the author
The China Threat: Memories, Myths, and Realities in the 1950s
by Nancy Bernkopf TuckerNancy Bernkopf Tucker confronts the coldest period of the cold war—the moment in which personality, American political culture, public opinion, and high politics came together to define the Eisenhower Administration's policy toward China. A sophisticated, multidimensional account based on prodigious, cutting edge research, this volume convincingly portrays Eisenhower's private belief that close relations between the United States and the People's Republic of China were inevitable and that careful consideration of the PRC should constitute a critical part of American diplomacy. Tucker provocatively argues that the Eisenhower Administration's hostile rhetoric and tough actions toward China obscure the president's actual views. Behind the scenes, Eisenhower and his Secretary of State, John Foster Dulles, pursued a more nuanced approach, one better suited to China's specific challenges and the stabilization of the global community. Tucker deftly explores the contradictions between Eisenhower and his advisors' public and private positions. Her most powerful chapter centers on Eisenhower's recognition that rigid trade prohibitions would undermine the global postwar economic recovery and push China into a closer relationship with the Soviet Union. Ultimately, Tucker finds Eisenhower's strategic thinking on Europe and his fear of toxic, anticommunist domestic politics constrained his leadership, making a fundamental shift in U.S. policy toward China difficult if not impossible. Consequently, the president was unable to engage congress and the public effectively on China, ultimately failing to realize his own high standards as a leader.
The China Threat: Perceptions, Myths and Reality
by Ian Storey Herbert YeeThis book examines perceptions of the 'China Threat', and governments' policies in response to this perceived threat in a wide range of countries, including the United States, Russia, Europe, Japan, South Korea, Indonesia, Singapore, Malaysia, the Philippines, Vietnam, India, Pakistan, and countries in the Middle East. Perceptions of the Chinese themselves are also looked at, the current security concerns and policies of each country are examined in detail, especially the policy of engagement, and future prospects for relations with China are assessed.
The China-India Nuclear Crossroads
by Lora SaalmanGlobal power is shifting to Asia. The U.S. military is embarking on an American "pivot" to the Indo-Pacific region, and the bulk of global arms spending is directed toward Asian theaters. India and Pakistan are thought to be building up their nuclear arsenals while questions persist about China's potential to "sprint to parity." China remains by far the world's largest market for new nuclear energy production, and India aspires to be on a similar trajectory.Despite these trends, The China-India Nuclear Crossroads is the first serious book by leading Chinese and Indian experts to examine the political, military, and technical factors that affect Sino-Indian nuclear relations. In this book, editor and translator Lora Saalman presents a comprehensive framework through which China and India can pursue enhanced cooperation and minimize the unintended consequences of their security dilemmas.
The China-Japan Border Dispute: Islands of Contention in Multidisciplinary Perspective (Rethinking Asia and International Relations)
by Kimie Hara Tim F. Liao Krista WiegandCrossing disciplinary boundaries, this volume offers a rare forum for a serious analysis of the territorial dispute over the Diaoyu/Senkaku Islands between China and Japan. To understand the complexity of the dispute and to find peaceful solutions, we must reach beyond the confines of a single discipline and perspective. The volume deconstructs conflicting perspectives on the two sides of the dispute. Territorial disputes often become symbolic expressions of nationalistic rivalries, particularly as political claims for territories escalate and economic competition for resources between countries intensifies. Cutting through the political rhetoric on both sides of the controversy and bringing together a group of eight scholars from the disciplines of history, international relations, law, political science, and sociology, this book analyzes the relevant history, international law, multilateral relations, political agendas, and social and collective memory, to shed light on this difficult dispute. Taken together, the chapters of the book propose short-term, medium-term, and long-term peaceful solutions for going beyond the impasse of the current territorial dispute.
The China-Pakistan Economic Corridor of the Belt and Road Initiative: Concept, Context and Assessment (Contemporary South Asian Studies)
by Siegfried O. WolfThis book focuses on the implementation of the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC), a multi-billion-dollar infrastructure development project intended to connect Asia with Europe, the Middle East and Africa. By introducing a new analytical approach to the study of economic corridors, it gauges the anticipated economic and geopolitical impacts on the region and discusses whether the CPEC will serve as a pioneer project for future regional cooperation between and integration of sub-national regions such as Balochistan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, the Federally Administered Tribal Areas, and Gilgit-Baltistan. Further, it explores the interests, expectations and policy approaches of both Chinese and Pakistani local and central governments with regard to the CPEC’s implementation. Given its scope, the book will appeal to regional and spatial sciences scholars, as well as social scientists interested in the regional impacts of economic corridors. It also offers valuable information for policymakers in countries participating in the Belt-and-Road Initiative or other Chinese-supported development projects.
The China-Russia Relationship: The Dance of the Dragon and the Bear (Global Power Shift)
by Robert HamiltonThis book takes a new approach to examining the relationship between China and Russia, departing from the standard debate over whether the relationship is a true strategic partnership or merely an axis of convenience. Instead, the book argues that the best way to gain an understanding of ties between Beijing and Moscow is to watch how they interact “on the ground” in regions of the world where they both have important interests at stake. It provides an in-depth analysis of Chinese-Russian interaction in Africa, Central Asia, and East Asia, as well as an analysis of China’s response to Russia’s invasion of Ukraine. The picture of the relationship that emerges portrays its dynamic, complex, and contingent nature, and reveals areas of convergence and divergence between these two powers. In doing so, it provides a new perspective useful to both scholars and policymakers.
The China-US Trade War and South Asian Economies (Routledge Frontiers of Political Economy)
by Rahul Nath ChoudhuryThe USA and China, the world’s largest economic powers, have been engaging in trade war since January 2018. The impact of this trade war is felt not only by US and China but also by other economies who have economic ties with them. This book provides insights into damages caused by this trade war. The first section of the book looks at the impact of the trade war on the global economy. It goes deeper to examine the trade war impact on the South Asian region. It is well-known that any imposition of new tariffs or an increase in existing tariffs would make imports more costly and render the exported goods less competitive. Yet, the book posits that the trade war has provided a window of opportunity to other countries not caught in it. The South Asian region, with countries like Bangladesh, India and Sri Lanka, has actually reaped benefits from the widening trade dispute between the world’s two biggest economies. This book will be a useful reference to help policymakers to undertake informed decisions and initiate programs to minimise the trade war impact.
The China-led Belt and Road Initiative and its Reflections: The Crisis of Hegemony and Changing Global Orders (Routledge Series on the Belt and Road Initiative)
by Mehdi P. AminehThis book analyzes the origins and the impacts of China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) on diplomacy, economy (trade, investment, finance), and security among selected host countries and regions in Asia, Africa, and the European Union. By examining the geopolitical economy of BRI activities, it concisely describes the impact of the rise of China and its BRI policy strategy on the reshaping of world order and global governance. This volume explores the BRI by addressing several key questions including: • Why did the Chinese leadership set up the BRI? • What are the activities of BRI projects in the participating countries and related regions?• What are the challenges to the successful implementation of the BRI in the various countries and regions? Moreover, through its analysis of the abovementioned questions, it provides novel contributions to the ongoing scholarly debates between Chinese and non-Chinese scholars – among others, the debate surrounding the “rise of China” and its impact on global governance. Featuring an extensive variety of expert contributors, this study will be an essential reading for students and scholars of International Relations and Global Political Economy as well as Chinese politics and those with an interest in the Belt and Road Initiative more broadly.
The Chinese Approach: How China Has Transformed Its Economy and System?
by Fang CaiThis volume introduces readers to the achievements made in the context of China’s reform and opening up. It tells China’s story with regard to twelve aspects: the reform path, opening up, macro-economy, regional development, the “three rural” policy, poverty alleviation, industrial development, scientific and technological leadership, ecological civilization, human resources, social security, and income distribution. On the one hand, China’s successes and lessons learned in this regard – e.g. the establishment of special economic zones and pilot zones in advance, followed by the implementation of regional development strategies – can be condensed into a general sense of Chinese wisdom. On the other, China’s participation in economic globalization and global economic governance can serve as a role model, helping developing countries overcome poverty and move towards modernization. As China accounts for nearly one fifth of the world’s total population, the problems and difficulties that it faced at the beginning of reform and opening up are similar to those of many developing countries; therefore, it can provide valuable guidance for developing countries in the form of Chinese wisdom and Chinese approach.
The Chinese Army Today: Tradition and Transformation for the 21st Century (Asian Security Studies)
by Dennis J. BlaskoThe Chinese Army Today is a comprehensive study of the Chinese military, examining its ground forces in a level of detail not found in any other contemporary works. This new, revised edition has been fully updated to take account of recent changes in the institution. In 1999, the military modernization program of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army increased in intensity and achieved a focus not seen in the previous two decades. Based primarily on actual Chinese sources, this book details these changes and puts them in the context of the many traditions that still remain. Written by a retired professional military officer who has served in China, the text uses first-hand observation of the Chinese military and three decades of military experience to weave many disparate threads from official Chinese statements, documents, and media reports into an integrated whole. The author also conducts an in-depth exploration into the many forces that constitute the People’s Liberation Army. This is an essential book for all students of Chinese military and security affairs, and highly recommended for students of Chinese Politics, Asian Security, and International Relations and Strategic Studies, in general.
The Chinese Banking Industry: Lessons from History for Today's Challenges (Routledge Studies on the Chinese Economy #Vol. 26)
by Yuanyuan PengThis book provides detailed systematic micro-level analysis of the historical development of the Chinese banking industry, focusing in particular on the development of the Bank of China (BOC) in the period 1905 to 1949. Banking reform is a key area of China’s economic transformation, and this book, bringing a vast amount of material to a Western audience for the first time, provides a detailed evidence of the key challenges faced by a major Chinese bank. The book: addresses important issues in its evolution, including corporate governance government intervention, foreign competition and white-collar crime evaluates how the challenges in these areas were met considers the results of its efforts draws lessons for policy making today.
The Chinese City (A\world Bank Publication)
by Weiping Wu Piper GaubatzDrawing on years of research experience and keen observations of the triumphs and problems in China’s cities, the authors provide a foundational understanding of China’s urbanization and cities that is grounded in history and geography and challenges readers to consider Chinese urbanization through multiple disciplinary and thematic lenses. This book is anchored in the spatial sciences, including geography, urban studies, urban planning, and environmental studies. It offers a comprehensive survey of the evolving urban landscape, covering such topics as history and patterns of urbanization, spatial and regional context, models of urban form, economic and social-spatial transformation, urbanism and cultural dynamics, housing and land development, environmental and infrastructure issues, poverty and inequality, and challenges of urban governance. The book highlights both parallels and substantive differences between China and comparable cities and countries elsewhere, given that some urban conditions around the world converge and point to shared catalysts (e.g. internal migration) and globally linked processes (e.g. climate change). It explores the consequences of the demographic, economic, social, and environmental transitions on cities and urban dwellers. Illustrated case studies in each chapter ground the discussion and introduce readers to the diversity of cities and urban life in China. Most chapters also can be used as stand-alone course materials, with suggested references for further reading. Intended for a wide audience in higher education and beyond, this book will be useful to readers interested in Chinese Studies, East Asian Studies, Urban Studies, Urban Geography, or Urban Planning.
The Chinese Coal Industry: An Economic History (Routledge Studies on the Chinese Economy #Vol. 2)
by Elspeth ThomsonThe coal industry has been and continues to be of critical importance for China's economic modernization. With its huge labour force, country-wide infrastructure, and vital strategic importance for the economy, the industry presents special problems for reformers, and epitomises the problems of reform in the state industrial sector as a whole. This book examines the changes in the structure and operation of the Chinese coal industry from the mid-19th century to the present, concentrating on the years of reform. Although the focus is on the economics of the industry, the book also provides many insights into China's socio-political development.