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Risk Regulation in the United States and European Union
by Lina M. Svedin Adam Luedtke Thad E. HallGlobalization and technology have altered public fears and changed expectations of how government should make people safer. This book analyzes how Europeans and Americans perceive and regulate risk. The authors show how public fears about risk are filtered through political systems to pressure governments to insure against risk.
Risk Regulation, Science, and Interests in Transatlantic Trade Conflicts
by David J. HornsbyWhen regions like Canada, the US and the EU have disagreed over the legitimacy of risk perceptions they have placed science at the centre of international trade conflict. By looking across cases disputed and informally resolved, David Hornsby offers to deepen understanding of factors involved in risk based trade conflict.
Risk State: Japan's Foreign Policy in an Age of Uncertainty (Rethinking Asia and International Relations)
by Paul O'Shea Sebastian Maslow Ra MasonThe increase of new complex security challenges and the heightening significance of a diverse array of actors has simultaneously posed a challenge to traditional perspectives on international relations and foreign policy and created an opportunity for new concepts to be applied. Conventional explanations of Japan’s foreign policy have provided us with theoretically predetermined understandings and fallacious predictions. Reformulating risk in its application to the study of international relations and foreign policy, this volume promises new insights into the analysis of contemporary foreign policy in East Asia and Japan’s post-Cold War international relations in particular.
Risk Work: Making Art and Guerrilla Tactics in Punitive America, 1967–1987
by Faye Raquel GleisserHow artists in the US starting in the 1960s came to use guerrilla tactics in performance and conceptual art, maneuvering policing, racism, and surveillance. As US news covered anticolonialist resistance abroad and urban rebellions at home, and as politicians mobilized the perceived threat of “guerrilla warfare” to justify increased police presence nationwide, artists across the country began adopting guerrilla tactics in performance and conceptual art. Risk Work tells the story of how artists’ experimentation with physical and psychological interference from the late 1960s through the late 1980s reveals the complex and enduring relationship between contemporary art, state power, and policing. Focusing on instances of arrest or potential arrest in art by Chris Burden, Adrian Piper, Jean Toche, Tehching Hsieh, Pope.L, the Guerrilla Girls, Asco, and PESTS, Faye Raquel Gleisser analyzes the gendered, sexualized, and racial politics of risk-taking that are overlooked in prevailing, white-centered narratives of American art. Drawing on art history and sociology as well as performance, prison, and Black studies, Gleisser argues that artists’ anticipation of state-sanctioned violence invokes the concept of “punitive literacy,” a collectively formed understanding of how to protect oneself and others in a carceral society.
Risking a Somersault in the Air: Conversations with Nicaraguan Writers (Revised edition)
by Margaret RandallFirst revised edition of interviews with 14 prominent activists whose writings influenced the 1979 Nicaraguan revolution and help us understand present-day NicaraguaMargaret Randall presents a dynamic collection of personal interviews with Nicaragua's most important writer-revolutionaries who played major roles in the 1979 revolution and the subsequent reconstruction. This revised first edition includes a new preface and additional notes that frame the narrative in high relevance to the present day. The featured writer-activists speak of their work and practical tasks in constructing a new society. Among the writers included are Gioconda Belli, Tomás Borge, Omar Cabezas, Ernesto Cardenal, Vidaluz Menéses, Julio Valle-Castillo, and Daisy Zamora. The work also features 50 evocative photographs from the era by Margaret Randall.
Risking Immeasurable Harm: Immigration Restriction and U.S.-Mexican Diplomatic Relations, 1924–1932
by Benjamin C. MontoyaThe debate over restricting the number of Mexican immigrants to the United States began early in the twentieth century, a time when U.S.-Mexican relations were still tenuous following the Mexican Revolution and when heated conflicts over mineral rights, primarily oil, were raging between the two nations. Though Mexico had economic reasons for curbing emigration, the racist tone of the quota debate taking place in the United States offended Mexicans&’ national pride and played a large part in obstructing mutual support for immigration restriction between the United States and Mexico.Risking Immeasurable Harm explains how the prospect of immigration restriction affects diplomatic relations by analyzing U.S. efforts to place a quota on immigration from Mexico during the late 1920s and early 1930s. The controversial quota raised important questions about how domestic immigration policy debates had international consequences, primarily how the racist justifications for immigration restriction threatened to undermine U.S. relations with Mexico. Benjamin C. Montoya follows the quota debate from its origin in 1924, spurred by the passage of the Immigration Act, to its conclusion in 1932. He examines congressional policy debate and the U.S. State Department&’s steady opposition to the quota scheme. Despite the concerns of American diplomats, in 1930 the Senate passed the Harris Bill, which singled out Mexico among all other Latin American nations for immigration restriction. The lingering effects of the quota debates continued to strain diplomatic relations between the United States and Mexico beyond the Great Depression. Relevant to current debates about immigration and the role of restrictions in inter-American diplomacy, Risking Immeasurable Harm demonstrates the correlation of immigration restriction and diplomacy, the ways racism can affect diplomatic relations, and how domestic immigration policy can have international consequences.
Risking NATO
by Andrew R. Hoehn Sarah HartingNATO's success in Afghanistan--or lack thereof--will have significant implications for the alliance itself. The authors examine the current mission in light of NATO's history and with an eye toward the future. NATO faces a long and daunting list of issues that extends beyond the borders of the member countries. The alliance must confront them, however, because failure to do so would risk its long-term success and sustainability.
Risks and Returns: Creating Success in Business and Life
by Wilbur RossLessons from A Wall Street Legend Turned Secretary of Commerce Before being named President Trump&’s Secretary of Commerce in 2017, Wilbur Ross had already earned a reputation as the &“King of Bankruptcy&” over his 55-year career on Wall Street. Often working on high-profile bankruptcies such as Pan Am and Texaco, Ross helped restructure more than $400 billion in assets, and was named among Bloomberg&’s 50 most influential people in global finance. After coming to Washington, Ross faced equally tough challenges, yet survived in his post for all four years.Risks and Returns: Creating Success in Business and Life explains how Ross got to the top and stayed there. Rising from humble beginnings in North Bergen, New Jersey, Ross applied simple principles with strict discipline—something readers can apply in their own quest for success. Ultimately, Ross&’s strategies and dealmaking skills led to relationships with King Charles, Warren Buffett, Carl Icahn, the Rothschild family, Steve Wynn, Lakshmi Mittal, Mike Milken, and many other famous personalities. Ross also documents his experiences with President Trump in the Oval Office. Whether you&’re interested in Ross&’s experiences as a neighbor of John Lennon in the legendary Dakota apartment building, celebrating with Sir Richard Branson on his private island, or his tumultuous time in Washington, you will find Risks and Returns to be a candid reflection of a life lived at the pinnacle of Wall Street, New York, and Palm Beach society, and the Trump administration. Above all, anyone driven to find career success will learn from Ross&’s life the strategies and mentality to achieve it.
Risks, Concerns, And Social Legislation: Forces That Led To Laws On Health, Safety, And The Environment
by W. Curtiss PriestThis book provides historical documentation of the social forces that lead to legislation and reviews values that have been important in shaping government's role as mediator between individual, family, community and industry.
Risks, Identity and Conflict: Theoretical Perspectives and Case Studies
by Steven Ratuva Hamdy A. Hassan Radomir CompelThis volume explores the complex interrelation between risk, identity and conflict and focuses specifically on ethnicity, culture, religion and gender as modes of identity that are often associated with conflict in the contemporary world. It draws on theoretical perspectives as well as pays special attention to analysis of diverse case studies from Africa, Middle East, Europe, East and Southeast Asia and Latin America. Using various analytical tools and methodologies, it provides unique narratives of local and regional social risk factors and security complexities. The relationship between risk and security is multidimensional and perpetually changing, and lends itself to multiple interpretations. This publication provides a new ground for theoretical and policy debates to unlock innovative understanding of risk through analyses of identity as a significant factor in conflict in the world today. At the same time, it explores ways to address such conflicts in a more people-centered, empowering and sustainable way.
The Risks of Prescription Drugs (A Columbia / SSRC Book (Privatization of Risk))
by Donald LightFew people realize that prescription drugs have become a leading cause of death, disease, and disability. Adverse reactions to widely used drugs, such as psychotropics and birth control pills, as well as biologicals, result in FDA warnings against adverse reactions.The Risks of Prescription Drugs describes how most drugs approved by the FDA are under-tested for adverse drug reactions, yet offer few new benefits. Drugs cause more than 2.2 million hospitalizations and 110,000 hospital-based deaths a year. Serious drug reactions at home or in nursing homes would significantly raise the total. Women, older people, and people with disabilities are least used in clinical trials and most affected.Health policy experts Donald Light, Howard Brody, Peter Conrad, Allan Horwitz, and Cheryl Stults describe how current regulations reward drug companies to expand clinical risks and create new diseases so millions of patients are exposed to unnecessary risks, especially women and the elderly. They reward developing marginally better drugs rather than discovering breakthrough, life-saving drugs. The Risks of Prescription Drugs tackles critical questions about the pharmaceutical industry and the privatization of risk. To what extent does the FDA protect the public from serious side effects and disasters? What is the effect of giving the private sector and markets a greater role and reducing public oversight? This volume considers whether current rules and incentives put patients' health at greater risk, the effect of the expansion of disease categories, the industry's justification of high U.S. prices, and the underlying shifts in the burden of risk borne by individuals in the world of pharmaceuticals. Chapters cover risks of statins for high cholesterol, SSRI drugs for depression and anxiety, and hormone replacement therapy for menopause. A final chapter outlines six changes to make drugs safer and more effective.Suitable for courses on health and aging, gender, disability, and minority studies, this book identifies the Risk Proliferation Syndrome that maximizes the number of people exposed to these risks.Additional Columbia / SSRC books on the privatization of risk and its implications for Americans:Bailouts: Public Money, Private ProfitEdited by Robert E. WrightDisaster and the Politics of InterventionEdited by Andrew LakoffHealth at Risk: America's Ailing Health System-and How to Heal ItEdited by Jacob S. HackerLaid Off, Laid Low: Political and Economic Consequences of Employment InsecurityEdited by Katherine S. NewmanPensions, Social Security, and the Privatization of RiskEdited by Mitchell A. Orenstein
Risks, Violence, Security and Peace in Latin America: 40 Years of the Latin American Council of Peace Research (CLAIP) (The Anthropocene: Politik—Economics—Society—Science #24)
by Serena Eréndira Serrano Oswald Úrsula Oswald SpringThis book analyses the war against drugs, violence in streets, schools and families, and mining conflicts in Latin America. It examines the nonviolent negotiations, human rights, peacebuilding and education, explores security in cyberspace and proposes to overcome xenophobia, white supremacy, sexism, and homophobia, where social inequality increases injustice and violence. During the past 40 years of the Latin American Council for Peace Research (CLAIP) regional conditions have worsened. Environmental justice was crucial in the recent peace process in Colombia, but also in other countries, where indigenous people are losing their livelihood and identity. Since the end of the cold war, capitalism aggravated the life conditions of poor people. The neoliberal dismantling of the State reduced their rights and wellbeing in favour of enterprises. Youth are not only the most exposed to violence, but represent also the future for a different management of human relations and nature.
Risky Business: Why Insurance Markets Fail and What to Do About It
by Liran Einav Amy Finkelstein Ray FismanAn engaging and accessible examination of what ails insurance markets—and what to do about it—by three leading economists Why is dental insurance so crummy? Why is pet insurance so expensive? Why does your auto insurer ask for your credit score? The answer to these questions lies in understanding how insurance works. Unlike the market for other goods and services—for instance, a grocer who doesn&’t care who buys the store&’s broccoli or carrots—insurance providers are more careful in choosing their customers, because some are more expensive than others. Unraveling the mysteries of insurance markets, Liran Einav, Amy Finkelstein, and Ray Fisman explore such issues as why insurers want to know so much about us and whether we should let them obtain this information; why insurance entrepreneurs often fail (and some tricks that may help them succeed); and whether we&’d be better off with government-mandated health insurance instead of letting businesses, customers, and markets decide who gets coverage and at what price. With insurance at the center of divisive debates about privacy, equity, and the appropriate role of government, this book offers clear explanations for some of the critical business and policy issues you&’ve often wondered about, as well as for others you haven&’t yet considered.
Risky Business: PAC Decision Making and Strategy
by Clyde Wilcox Paul S. Herrnson Robert BiersackBy 1990, there were over 4000 Political Action Committees (PACs) active and visible in the USA. This study covers various perspectives of PACs - size, contribution strategies, access to Washington information networks and issues - by means of diverse case studies.
Risky Cities: The Physical and Fiscal Nature of Disaster Capitalism (Nature, Society, and Culture)
by Albert S. FuOver half the world’s population lives in urban regions, and increasingly disasters are of great concern to city dwellers, policymakers, and builders. However, disaster risk is also of great interest to corporations, financiers, and investors. Risky Cities is a critical examination of global urban development, capitalism, and its relationship with environmental hazards. It is about how cities live and profit from the threat of sinkholes, garbage, and fire. Risky Cities is not simply about post-catastrophe profiteering. This book focuses on the way in which disaster capitalism has figured out ways to commodify environmental bads and manage risks. Notably, capitalist city-building results in the physical transformation of nature. This necessitates risk management strategies –such as insurance, environmental assessments, and technocratic mitigation plans. As such capitalists redistribute risk relying on short-term fixes to disaster risk rather than address long-term vulnerabilities.
Risky Rewards: How Company Bonuses Affect Safety
by Andrew Hopkins Sarah MaslenFinancial incentives have long been used to try to influence professional values and practices. Recent events including the global financial crisis and the BP Texas City refinery disaster have been linked to such incentives, with commentators calling for a critical look at these systems given the catastrophic outcomes. Risky Rewards engages with this debate, particularly in the context of the present and potential role of incentives to manage major accident risk in hazardous industries. It examines the extent to which people respond to financial incentives, the potential for perverse consequences, and approaches that most appropriately focus attention on major hazard risk. The book is based in part on an empirical study of bonus arrangements in eleven companies operating in hazardous industries, including oil, gas, chemical and mining.
The Risorgimento Revisited
by Silvana Patriarca Lucy RiallBringing together the work of a ground-breaking group of scholars working on the Italian Risorgimento to consider how modern Italian national identity was first conceived and constructed politically, the book makes a timely contribution to current discussions about the role of patriotism and the nature of nationalism in present-day Italy.
El ritmo de Harlem
by Colson Whitehead«Un autor que roza la maestría [...]. Whitehead se ha convertido en uno de los mejores novelistas de Estados Unidos». Sam Sacks, The Wall Street Journal Ray Carner, hijo de un miembro de la mafia local y padre de familia modélico, regenta la tienda de muebles de la calle Ciento veinticinco, en Harlem. Ray intenta alejarse de la vida de delincuencia que su padre le mostró de niño, pero con un segundo hijo en camino necesita sacarse un dinero extra revendiendo artículos robados. Ahora, su primo Freddie le ofrece participar en algo más peligroso: el robo del famoso hotel Theresa, el Waldorf de Harlem. Policías corruptos, gángsters locales y pornógrafos pirómanos pasan a formar parte de su clientela habitual, y Ray tendrá que hacer equilibrios para mantener esta doble vida sin morir en el intento. El multipremiado Colson Whitehead regresa con una historia deslumbrante que recrea el paisaje criminal del Harlem de los años sesenta, un lugar que se convertirá en el centro de la lucha por los derechos civiles y donde la muerte de un adolescente negro abatido a tiros por la policía desencadenará los famosos disturbios de 1964. Una vez más, el autor pone de relieve las desigualdades y la discriminación racial de una época cuyos ecos aún resuenan en nuestro presente, en una novela criminal cargada de humor con la que consigue romper de nuevo las reglas del género negro. La crítica ha dicho:«Uno de los mejores escritores norteamericanos vivos».Mitchell S. Jackson, Time «Su escritura hace lo que la escritura debe hacer: actualiza nuestra percepción del mundo».John Updike, New Yorker «La novela clava las complejidades del pasado de Nueva York, desde las maravillas de la Feria Mundial hasta la desesperación de los disturbios en Harlem».Los Angeles Times«Whitehead pone a prueba su fuerza literaria, expandiendo los límites y las expectativas de la novela negra. Este libro es también un drama social que interroga la naturaleza de los prejuicios y cómo el entorno limita la ambición».The Guardian, Book of the Day «Gloriosamente entretenido [...] un drama social chispeante, que combina pinceladas de alta comedia con reflexiones sobre la esencia de la emancipación y el empoderamiento negros en Estados Unidos. Es poco probable que surja una novela mejor este año».The Evening Standard «La trama que (Whitehead) ha ideado para El ritmo de Harlem le ha ofrecido un nuevo motor narrativo de alta velocidad con el que jugar, pero también le ha dado una forma de explorar ideas sobre la naturaleza resbaladizade la moralidad, el poder (y quién lo posee) y las jerarquías sociales de subculturas criminales».The New York Times «Una apasionante novela de atracos ambientada en la era del Harlem de los derechos civiles. [...] Es una historia superlativa, pero el logro más impresionante es la representación amorosa que hace Whitehead del Harlem de los años 60, que aterriza de manera tan detallada y vívida como el Dublín de Joyce. No se sorprendan si esta novela le otorga a Whitehead otro premio importante».Publishers Weekly«Una novela emocionante y sabia».The Boston Globe
Ritual and Recovery in Post-Conflict Sri Lanka: Eloquent Bodies (Routledge Contemporary South Asia Series)
by Jane DergesFollowing over twenty years of war, Sri Lanka’s longest cease-fire (2002-2006) provided a final opportunity for an inclusive peace settlement between the Sri Lankan government and the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE). However, hostilities resumed with ever increasing desperation and ferocity on both sides, until the LTTE were overcome and largely eradicated in 2009. This book provides a contextualised analysis of the effects of war on a small Tamil community living in northern Sri Lanka during the cease-fire period. It examines how the society changed and adapted in order to accommodate the upheaval and destruction of war, and its inevitable resumption. In particular, it focuses on the nature of suffering through an exploration of a well-known ritual: Thuukkukkaavadi that transformed the experience of pain and suffering and contributed to a process whereby many village communities could come together in a demonstration of strength and resilience. It contributes to studies on violence, reparation processes of so-called ‘post-conflict’ societies and the medical anthropology of healing. It questions assumptions concerning the nature of suffering and critiques the application of western categories in settings like northern Sri Lanka, where entire communities have been silenced by political violence. The book therefore presents a claim for more culturally specific understandings of what constitutes suffering and is of interest to students and scholars of South Asian Studies, Conflict Resolution, and Social and Cultural Anthropology.
Ritual and Region: The Invention of ASEAN (Elements in Politics and Society in Southeast Asia)
by Mathew DaviesWhy has ASEAN endured and why do members, many of whom remain comparatively weak and poor, continue to invest in the regional project? Existing answers, either that ASEAN is meaningless or that it has transformed regional affairs through the creation of shared values are both misplaced. Neither argument is empirically plausible. Instead, this Element argues that ASEAN has and continues to serve state interest through the creation of a shared ritual and symbolic framework. This framework has mitigated regional tension through the performance of regionalism, but has not fundamentally addressed the sources of that tension.
Ritual and Rhythm in Electoral Systems: A Comparative Legal Account (Election Law, Politics, and Theory)
by Graeme Orr’Why do we vote in schools?’ ’What is the social meaning of secret balloting?’ ’What is lost if we vote by mail or computers rather than on election day?’ ’What is the history and role of drinking and wagering in elections?’ ’How does the electoral cycle generate the theatre of election night and inaugurations?’ Elections are key public events - in a secular society the only real coming together of the social whole. Their rituals and rhythms run deep. Yet their conduct is invariably examined in instrumental ways, as if they were merely competitive games or liberal apparatus. Focusing on the political cultures and laws of the UK, the US and Australia, this book offers an historicised and generalised account of the intersection of electoral systems and the concepts of ritual, rhythm and the everyday, which form the basis of how we experience elections. As a novel contribution to the theory of the law of elections, this book will be of interest to researchers, students, administrators and policy makers in both politics and law.
Ritual House: Drawing on Nature's Rhythms for Architecture and Urban Design
by Ralph KnowlesCelebrated architect Ralph Knowles, Distinguished Emeritus at USC's School of Architecture, has carefully crafted a book for architects, designers, planners--anyone who yearns to reconnect to the natural world through the built environment. He shows us how to re-examine a shadow, a wall, a window, a landscape, as they respond to the natural cycles of heat, light, wind, and rain. Analyzing methods of sheltering that range from a Berber tent to a Spanish courtyard to the cityscape of contemporary Los Angeles, Ritual House shows us the future: by coining the concept of solar access zoning, he introduces a radical yet increasingly viable solution for tomorrow's mega-cities.
Ritual, Performance, and Politics in the Ancient Near East
by Lauren RistvetIn this book, Lauren Ristvet rethinks the narratives of state formation by investigating the interconnections between ritual, performance, and politics in the ancient Near East. She draws on a wide range of archaeological, iconographic, and cuneiform sources to show how ritual performance was not set apart from the real practice of politics; it was politics. Rituals provided an opportunity for elites and ordinary people to negotiate political authority. Descriptions of rituals from three periods explore the networks of signification that informed different societies. From circa 2600 to 2200 BC, pilgrimage made kingdoms out of previously isolated villages. Similarly, from circa 1900 to 1700 BC, commemorative ceremonies legitimated new political dynasties by connecting them to a shared past. Finally, in the Hellenistic period, the traditional Babylonian Akitu festival was an occasion for Greek-speaking kings to show that they were Babylonian and for Babylonian priests to gain significant power.
Rituals and Student Identity in Education
by Richard A. Quantz Peter MagoldaAn exploration of how the nonrational aspects of schooling, especially ritual(s), have been harnessed to construct a commonsense which serves the interests of transnational corporations, leaving those educators committed to democracy to develop a new pedagogy that rejects the technical solutions that present reforms demand.
Rival Claims: Ethnic Violence and Territorial Autonomy under Indian Federalism
by Bethany Ann LacinaIn this study of struggles for ethnoterritorial autonomy, Bethany Lacina explains regional elites’ decision whether or not to fight for autonomy, and the central government’s response to this decision. In India, the prime minister’s respective electoral ties to separate, rival regional interests determine whether ethnoterritorial demands occur and whether they are repressed or accommodated. Using new data on ethnicity and sub-national discrimination in India, national and state archives, parliamentary records, cross-national analysis and her original fieldwork, Lacina explains ethnoterritorial politics as a three-sided interaction of the center and rival interests in the periphery. Ethnic entrepreneurs use militancy to create national political pressure in favor of their goals when the prime minister lacks clear electoral reasons to court one regional group over another. Second, ethnic groups rarely win autonomy or mobilize for violence in regions home to electorally influential anti-autonomy interests. Third, when a regional ethnic majority is politically important to the prime minister, its leaders can deter autonomy demands within their borders, while actively discriminating against minorities. Rival Claims challenges the conventional beliefs that territorial autonomy demands are a reaction to centralized power and that governments resist autonomy to preserve central prerogatives. The center has allegiances in regional politics, and ethnoterritorial violence reflects the center’s entanglement with rival interests in the periphery.