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The Urbanization of Forced Displacement: UNHCR, Urban Refugees, and the Dynamics of Policy Change (McGill-Queen's Refugee and Forced Migration Studies #6)
by Neil James CrawfordDisplacement in the twenty-first century is urbanized. The United Nations Refugee Agency (UNHCR), the world’s largest humanitarian organization and the main body charged with assisting displaced people globally, estimates that over 60 per cent of refugees now live in urban areas, a proportion that only increases in the case of internally displaced people and asylum seekers.Though cities and local authorities have become essential participants in the protection of refugees, only three decades ago they were considered to sit firmly beyond UNHCR’s remit, with urban refugees typically characterized as aberrations. In The Urbanization of Forced Displacement Neil James Wilson Crawford examines the organization’s response to the growing number of refugees migrating to urban areas. Introducing a broader study of policy-making in international organizations, Crawford addresses how and why UNHCR changed its policy and practice in response to shifting trends in displacement. Citing over 400 primary UN documents, Crawford provides an in-depth study of the internal and external pressures faced by UNHCR – pressures from above, below, and within – that explain why it has radically transformed its position from the 1990s onward.UNHCR and global refugee policies have come to play an increasingly important role in the governance of global displacement. The Urbanization of Forced Displacement sheds new light on how the organization works and how it conceives its role in global politics today.
The Urbanization of Green Internationalism (Cities and the Global Politics of the Environment)
by Yonn DierwechterThe recent rise of cities in global environmental politics has stimulated remarkable debates about sustainable urban development and the geopolitics of a changing world order no longer defined by tightly bordered national regimes. This book explores this major theme by drawing on approaches that document the diverse histories and emergent geographies of “internationalism.” It is no longer possible, the book argues, to analyze the global politics of the environment without considering its various urbanization(s), wherein multiple actors are reforming, reassembling and adapting to nascent threats posed by global ecological decay. The ongoing imposition and abrasion of different world orders—Westphalian and post-Westphalian—further suggests we need a wider frame to capture new kinds of urbanized spaces and global green politics. The book will appeal to students, scholars, and practitioners interested in global sustainability, urban development, planning, politics, and international affairs. Case studies and grounded examples of green internationalism in urban action ultimately explore how select city-regions like Cape Town, Los Angeles, and Melbourne are trying to negotiate and actually work through this postulated dilemma.
The Urbanization of People: The Politics of Development, Labor Markets, and Schooling in the Chinese City
by Eli FriedmanAmid a vast influx of rural migrants into urban areas, China has allowed cities wide latitude in providing education and other social services. While millions of people have been welcomed into the megacities as a source of cheap labor, local governments have used various tools to limit their access to full citizenship.The Urbanization of People reveals how cities in China have granted public goods to the privileged while condemning poor and working-class migrants to insecurity, constant mobility, and degraded educational opportunities. Using the school as a lens on urban life, Eli Friedman investigates how the state manages flows of people into the city. He demonstrates that urban governments are providing quality public education to those who need it least: school admissions for nonlocals heavily favor families with high levels of economic and cultural capital. Those deemed not useful are left to enroll their children in precarious resource-starved private schools that sometimes are subjected to forced demolition. Over time, these populations are shunted away to smaller locales with inferior public services.Based on extensive ethnographic research and hundreds of in-depth interviews, this interdisciplinary book details the policy framework that produces unequal outcomes as well as providing a fine-grained account of the life experiences of people drawn into the cities as workers but excluded as full citizens.
Urbanization, Population and Environment
by Satish K. Sharma Suman Lata PathakThe volume explores the intricate relationship between urbanization, population dynamics, and the environment in the western Himalayas from a historical perspective. It challenges the conventional link that urban development is solely tied to population growth, unveiling the influence of political and economic elites. Through empirical analysis within a historical context, the study unveils the significance of cantonment towns, military consolidation, and legislative control in driving urban growth. While it leads to population surges, economic activities, and improvements in transportation and communication, it also exposes adverse effects like the overuse of forest resources, disrupting the balance between humans and nature, and leading to ecological imbalances and fatalities. This volume opens new avenues for research on rivers, biodiversity, geopolitics, socio-cultural aspects, and the economy but also offers valuable insights for national and international academia.
Urbanization, Urbanism, And Urbanity In An African City
by Paul JenkinsUrbanization in sub-Saharan Africa has historic roots, and though it has accelerated in recent decades, it retains distinctive forms. This book explores sub-Saharan urbanism through a detailed and wide-ranging study of Maputo, Mozambique, covering physical and socio-economic factors as well as an ethnographic inquiry into cultural attitudes.
Urbicide: The Politics of Urban Destruction (Routledge Advances in International Relations and Global Politics #66)
by Martin CowardThe term ‘urbicide’ became popular during the 1992-95 Bosnian war as a way of referring to widespread and deliberate destruction of the urban environment. Coined by writers on urban development in America, urbicide captures the sense that the widespread and deliberate destruction of buildings is a distinct form of violence. Using Martin Heidegger’s notion of space and Jean-Luc Nancy’s idea of community, Martin Coward outlines a theoretical understanding of the urban condition at stake in such violence. He contends that buildings are targeted because they make possible a plural public space that is contrary to the political aims of ethnic-nationalist regimes. Illustrated with reference to several post-Cold War conflicts – including Bosnia, Chechnya and Israel/Palestine – this book is the first comprehensive analysis of organised violence against urban environments. It offers an original perspective to those seeking to better understand urbanity, political violence and the politics of exclusion.
Urbicide: The Death of the City (The Urban Book Series)
by Fernando Carrión Mena Paulina Cepeda PicoThis book uses the reflection of academics specialized in the urban area of Latin America, Europe and the United States, to initiate a comparative debate of the different dynamics in which Urbicidio expresses itself. The field or focal point of analysis that this publication approaches is the city, but under a new critical perspective of inverse methodology to that has been traditional used. It is about understanding the structural causes of self-destruction to finally thinking better and then going from pessimism to optimism.It is a deep look at the city from an unconventional entrance, because it is about knowing and analyzing what the city loses by the action deployed by own urbanites, both in the field of its production and in the field of its consumption. This suppose that the city does not have an ascending linear sequential evolution in its development but neither in each of its parts in the improvement process, showing the face that commonly not seen but others live. The category used for this purpose is that of Urbicidio or the death of the city, which contributes theoretically and methodologically to the knowledge of the city, as well as to the design of urban policies that neutralize it. In addition, it is worth mentioning that the book has an inclusive view of the authors. For this reason, gender parity, territorial representation and the presence of age groups have been sought.
Urbicide in Palestine: Spaces of Oppression and Resilience (Routledge Studies in Middle Eastern Politics)
by Nurhan AbujidiExploring the way urbicide is used to un/re-make Palestine, as well as how it is employed as a tool of spatial dispossession and control, this book examines contemporary political violence and destruction in the context of colonial projects in Palestine. The broader framework of the book is colonial and post- urban destruction urbanism; with a working hypothesis that there are links, gaps and blind spots in the understanding of urbicide discourse. Drawing on several examples from the Palestinian history of destruction and transformations, such as; Jenin Refugee Camp, Hebron Old Town, and Nablus Old Town, a methodological framework to identify urbicidal episodes is also generated. Advancing knowledge on one historical moment of the urban condition, the moment of its destruction, and enhancing the understanding of the Palestinian Israeli conflict from urbanistic/ architectonic and Urbicide / Spacio-cide perspectives through the use of case studies, this book will be essential reading for scholars and researchers with an interest in Urban Geography and Middle East Politics more broadly.
Urchin and the Heartstone (The Mistmantle Chronicles, #2)
by M. I. McAllisterUrchin of the Riding Stars has taken his place as a trusted member of the Circle in King Crispin's court. Life on the island is back to normal but is disrupted when Lord Arcneck and other people of Swan Isle come to Mistmantle asking for help.
Urchin and the Rage Tide (The Mistmantle Chronicles, #5)
by M. I. McAllisterThe animals must brave a series of tidal waves that threaten their island. During the disaster, a squirrel named Mossberry plots to take over the kingdom. And on top of that, Sepia has gone missing! It's up to Urchin and Corr to save everyone and bring peace.
Urchin and the Raven War (The Mistmantle Chronicles, #4)
by M. I. McAllisterUrchin has taken his place as a member of the Circle in King Crispin's court. Life on the island is back to normal-- until Lord Arcneck and other inhabitants of Swan Isle come to Mistmantle for help after bloodthirsty ravens take over their home.
Urchin of the Riding Stars (The Mistmantle Chronicles, #1)
by M. I. McAllisterA tiny squirrel is found abandoned and close to death on a distant beach. Adopted and raised by a kindly squirrel, Urchin has no idea of his powerful destiny or of the way he will influence the island of Mistmantle.
Urgency in the Anthropocene
by Amanda H. Lynch Siri VelandA proposal to reframe the Anthropocene as an age of actual and emerging coexistence with earth system variability, encompassing both human dignity and environmental sustainability. Is this the Anthropocene, the age in which humans have become a geological force, leaving indelible signs of their activities on the earth? The narrative of the Anthropocene so far is characterized by extremes, emergencies, and exceptions—a tale of apocalypse by our own hands. The sense of ongoing crisis emboldens policy and governance responses that challenge established systems of sovereignty and law. The once unacceptable—geoengineering technology, for example, or authoritarian decision making—are now anticipated and even demanded by some. To counter this, Amanda Lynch and Siri Veland propose a reframing of the Anthropocene—seeing it not as a race against catastrophe but as an age of emerging coexistence with earth system variability. Lynch and Veland examine the interplay between our new state of ostensible urgency and the means by which this urgency is identified and addressed. They examine how societies, including Indigenous societies, have understood such interplays; explore how extreme weather and climate weave into the Anthropocene narrative; consider the tension between the short time scale of disasters and the longer time scale of sustainability; and discuss both international and national approaches to Anthropocene governance. Finally, they argue for an Anthropocene of coexistence that embraces both human dignity and sustainability.
Urgent Archives: Enacting Liberatory Memory Work (Routledge Studies in Archives)
by Michelle CaswellUrgent Archives argues that archivists can and should do more to disrupt white supremacy and hetero-patriarchy beyond the standard liberal archival solutions of more diverse collecting and more inclusive description. Grounded in the emerging field of critical archival studies, this book uncovers how dominant western archival theories and practices are oppressive by design, while looking toward the the radical politics of community archives to envision new liberatory theories and practices. Based on more than a decade of ethnography at community archives sites including the South Asian American Digital Archive (SAADA), the book explores how members of minoritized communities activate records to build solidarities across and within communities, trouble linear progress narratives, and disrupt cycles of oppression. Caswell explores the temporal, representational, and material aspects of liberatory memory work, arguing that archival disruptions in time and space should be neither about the past nor the future, but about the liberatory affects and effects of memory work in the present. Urgent Archives extends the theoretical range of critical archival studies and provides a new framework for archivists looking to transform their practices. The book should also be of interest to scholars of archival studies, museum studies, public history, memory studies, gender and ethnic studies and digital humanities.
Urgent Message from Mother: Gather the Women, Save the World
by Jean Shinoda Bolen&“This is the most inspiring and optimistic book I&’ve read in years. It tells how women working together can bring us peace and save the planet.&”—Isabel Allende Jean Shinoda Bolen&’s unique combination of visionary thinking and practical how-to seeks to galvanize the power of women acting together in order to save our world. Bolen outlines the lessons we can learn from the women&’s movement, draws on Jungian psychology and the sacred feminine, and gives powerful examples of women coming together all over the globe to make a significant impact. Her life&’s work—which includes her Jungian-inspired insights in The Tao of Psychology, her bestseller Goddesses in Every Woman, Crones Don&’t Whine, and The Millionth Circle—culminates in this timely book, Urgent Message from Mother. &“A book whose time has come. Our earth home and all forms of life in it are at grave risk. We men have had our turn and made a proper mess of things. We need women to save us. I pray that many will read Bolen&’s work and be inspired then to act appropriately. Time is running out.&”—Desmond Tutu &“Always urging us into circle and into peace, the healing power of Jean Shinoda Bolen&’s work and thought transforms all who will allow encounter. Jean never tires of wanting, and working for, our freedom, our healing and our health.&”—Alice Walker &“Jean Shinoda Bolen shows us how the cult of masculinity is endangering us all. Women and men are equally human and fallible but at least women don&’t have our masculinity to prove—and that alone may make us the main saviors of this fragile Spaceship Earth.&”—Gloria Steinem
Urgente llamado al país: Qué y cómo hacer para cambiar la Argentina
by Rodolfo TerragnoTerragno asegura con el aval de un enorme caudal de documentación, quees perfectamente posible una Argentina más próspera y menos injusta, mássegura y menos confusa. Un país con una economía desarrollada a pleno,educación masiva de calidad y sin marginados. Seis años fueron suficientes, en el siglo XX, para que, de la nada,nuestros antepasados construyeran una nación. En un período similar,sostiene Rodolfo Terragno en este libro -cuyo título es pertinente comopocos-, se puede lograr algo semejante: que la Argentina pase de ser unpaís sin ilusiones a uno de esperanzas renovadas.Para eso, el autor propone acuerdos amplios sobre las políticas deEstado que define con precisión. Dedica varias páginas a demostrar que,pese a una historia de turbulencias, la nación se construyó y desarrollómerced a pactos que, antes de celebrarse, parecían imposibles.
La urna rota: La crisis política e institucional del modelo español (Libros para entender la crisis #Volumen)
by PolitikonYa los antiguos faraones rezaban para tener buenas cosechas, porque en los malos tiempos la sociedad inevitablemente cuestiona el sistema de gobierno. La crisis actual no ha sido ajena a este fenómeno, al contrario, más allá de eslóganes como el "No nos representan", en España el interés por la política ha aumentado exponencialmente. Igual que ocurrió con la prima de riesgo, debates sobre sistemas electorales o mecanismos de selección de elites surgen en los lugares más insospechados: cafés, calles y hogares.Es unánime la necesidad de reformar la política, al fin y al cabo de un túnel nunca se sale por el mismo lugar por donde se entra, pero hay pocos diagnósticos fiables sobre lo que no funciona y aun menos información sólida sobre las ventajas y los inconvenientes de posibles cambios.La urna rota pretende precisamente eso: identificar los principales problemas de nuestro sistema político y aventurar algunas soluciones de modo que podamos gobernar mejor nuestro presente y nuestro futuro; porque no es un libro para salir de la crisis sino para evitar volver a esta situación.
The €uro and the Dollar in a Globalized Economy
by Pedro Gomis-PorquerasThe dollar has been the dominant currency of the world economy for almost a century; since 2002, the euro has gained widespread international acceptance resulting in important institutional, economic and financial changes both for the euro zone, the United States and the world economies, affecting foreign exchange and financial markets as well as economic activities around the world. In years to come, the international role of the euro will hinge on the validity of the fundamental idea underlying its creation, namely that important components of sovereignty can be pooled and shared among nations in the pursuit of common economic and political objectives. This key book assesses the international role of the euro, discusses its impact on global financial markets, shifting global exchange rate relationships and their implications. With input from various disciplines (economics, business and political science), it foments discussions intended to facilitate an exchange of ideas among academics, practitioners and the local business community.
The Ursula Franklin Reader: Pacifism as a Map
by Ursula FranklinFeminist, educator, Quaker, and physicist, Ursula Franklin has long been considered one of Canada’s foremost advocates and practitioners of pacifism. The Ursula Franklin Reader: Pacifism as a Map is a comprehensive collection of her work, and demonstrates subtle, yet critical, linkages across a range of subjects: the pursuit of peace and social justice, theology, feminism, environmental protection, education, government, and citizen activism. This thoughtful collection, drawn from more than four decades of research and teaching, brings readers into an intimate discussion with Franklin, and makes a passionate case for how to build a society centered around peace.
Uruguay como solución: Su inserción internacional: cuando lo importante se transforma en urgente
by Nicolas Albertoni¿Cuáles son las oportunidades y desafíos que presenta el mundo actual para Uruguay? Nicolás Albertoni explica las claves de la inserción internacional que el país tiene por delante y porqué es un asunto de urgencia nacional. Con prólogos de Luis Lacalle Pou, Daniel Martínez, Pablo Mieres y Julio María Sanguinetti. ¿Qué pasaría en Uruguay si moviéramos el eje de la discusión abocándola a buscar soluciones en vez de simplemente opinar sobre nuestros problemas? ¿Cuánto habríamos avanzado como país hacia el desarrollo? En este libro Nicolás Albertoni toma como punto de partida la inserción internacional del país para contribuir a un debate orientado a las soluciones. Un país que no está en contacto económico, comercial y político permanente con el mundo no se interpela a sí mismo y tiene a comparaciones facilistas que no lo alientan a crecer.
Us Against Them: Ethnocentric Foundations of American Opinion
by Donald R. Kinder Cindy D. KamEthnocentrism--our tendency to partition the human world into in-groups and out-groups--pervades societies around the world. Surprisingly, though, few scholars have explored its role in political life. Donald Kinder and Cindy Kam fill this gap with Us Against Them, their definitive explanation of how ethnocentrism shapes American public opinion. Arguing that humans are broadly predisposed to ethnocentrism, Kinder and Kam explore its impact on our attitudes toward an array of issues, including the war on terror, humanitarian assistance, immigration, the sanctity of marriage, and the reform of social programs. The authors ground their study in previous theories from a wide range of disciplines, establishing a new framework for understanding what ethnocentrism is and how it becomes politically consequential. They also marshal a vast trove of survey evidence to identify the conditions under which ethnocentrism shapes public opinion While ethnocentrism is widespread in the United States, the authors demonstrate that its political relevance depends on circumstance. Exploring the implications of these findings for political knowledge, cosmopolitanism, and societies outside the United States, Kinder and Kam add a new dimension to our understanding of how democracy functions.
US and Cross-National Policies, Practices, and Preparation
by Stephen L. Jacobson Rose M. YlimakiAs educational policy trends converge in many countries, such as demands for greater accountability, decentralization, and more culturally sensitive practices for an increasingly diverse student body, there is growing interest in cross-national comparisons and generalizations about leadership qualities and practices that result in successful schools. US and Cross-National Policies, Practices and Preparation: Implications for Successful Instructional Leadership, Organizational Learning, and Culturally Responsive Practices fills that need by bringing together triads of scholars from the International Study of Successful School Principals (ISSPP) to make direct comparisons among policies and practices in the U.S. with those in other national contexts, and then to draw implications for improving leadership preparation. This book provides theories and empirical case study examples of instructional leadership, organizational learning, and culturally responsive practices as they are shaped by political, economic, and cultural factors in seven different national contexts. The seven countries featured in this book are the U.S., Australia, Denmark, England, Sweden, Norway, and Cyprus. The book begins with an overview of the ISSPP, including its underlying theoretical framework, its research methodologies employed, its limitations and how analyses of the project's data and findings evolved from the first phase of the study to its current focus.
The US Antifascism Reader
by Bill V. Mullen Christopher VialsHow anti-fascism is as American as apple pieSince the birth of fascism in the 1920s, well before the global renaissance of &“white nationalism,&” the United States has been home to its own distinct fascist movements, some of which decisively influenced the course of US history. Yet long before &“antifa&” became a household word in the United States, they were met, time and again, by an equally deep antifascist current. Many on the left are unaware that the United States has a rich antifascist tradition, because it has rarely been discussed as such, nor has it been accessible in one place. This reader reconstructs the history of US antifascism into the twenty-first century, showing how generations of writers, organizers, and fighters spoke to each other over time. Spanning the 1930s to the present, this chronologically-arranged, primary source reader is made up of antifascist writings by Americans and by exiles in the US, some instantly recognizable, others long-forgotten. It also includes a sampling of influential writings from the US fascist, white nationalist, and proto-fascist traditions. Its contents, mostly written by people embedded in antifascist movements, include a number of pieces produced abroad that deeply influenced the US left. The collection thus places US antifascism in a global context.
US Arms Policies Towards the Shah's Iran (Routledge Studies in US Foreign Policy)
by Stephen McGlincheyThis book reconstructs and explains the arms relationship that successive U.S. administrations developed with the Shah of Iran between 1950 and 1979. This relationship has generally been neglected in the extant literature leading to a series of omissions and distortions in the historical record. By detailing how and why Iran transitioned from a primitive military aid recipient in the 1950s to America’s primary military credit customer in the late 1960s and 1970s, this book provides a detailed and original contribution to the understanding of a key Cold War episode in U.S. foreign policy. By drawing on extensive declassified documents from more than 10 archives, the investigation demonstrates not only the importance of the arms relationship but also how it reflected, and contributed to, the wider evolution of U.S.-Iranian relations from a position of Iranian client state dependency to a situation where the U.S. became heavily leveraged to the Shah for protection of the Gulf and beyond – until the policy met its disastrous end in 1979 as an antithetical regime took power in Iran. This book will be of interest to students and scholars of Middle East studies, US Foreign Policy and Security studies and for those seeking better foundations for which to gain an understanding of U.S. foreign policy in the final decade of the Cold War, and beyond.
US Army's Effectiveness in Reconstruction According to the Guiding Principles of Stabilization
by Diane E. ChidoThis book breaks down the outcomes of stabilization operations including those related to establishing or enhancing safety and security, institutions of governance, rule of law, social well-being, economic development, access to education and health care, infrastructure development, reducing corruption and all the associated elements for shoring up fragile communities. These are analyzed through the unusual lens of the US post-Civil War case of Reconstruction, and lessons are identified for improving outcomes for future stabilization missions. The book is designed to be accessible to military advisors, international development professionals, students, policymakers and planners, and all who are involved in peacebuilding in the field, not only in the ivory tower.