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Transparency and Authoritarian Rule in Southeast Asia: Singapore and Malaysia (Routledge/City University of Hong Kong Southeast Asia Series)
by Garry RodanIn Transparency and Authoritarian Rule in Southeast Asia, Rodan rejects the notion that the 1997-98 Asian economic crisis was further evidence that ultimately capitalism can only develop within liberal social and political institutions, and that new technology necessarily undermines authoritarian control. Instead, Rodan argues that in Singapore and Malaysia external pressures for transparency reform were, and are, in many respects, being met without serious compromise to authoritarian rule or the sanctioning of media freedom.
Transparency and Funding of Public Service Media – Die deutsche Debatte im internationalen Kontext
by Leonard Novy Christian Herzog Heiko Hilker Orkan TorunDurch ihren #65533;ffentlichen Auftrag und die Finanzierung durch die Haushaltsabgabe stehen ARD, ZDF und das Deutschlandradio unter einem besonderen Legitimations- und Rechtfertigungsdruck. Dabei r#65533;cken Forderungen nach transparenteren Finanz- und Gremienstrukturen der Sendeanstalten zunehmend in den Vordergrund. Neben der deutschen Debatte reflektiert der Band in 14 L#65533;nderfallstudien Entwicklungen und Diskussionen um die Zukunft der Finanzierung #65533;ffentlich-rechtlicher Medien und verbindet dabei medienpolitische Forschung und Praxis.
Transparency and Monetary Policy with Imperfect Common Knowledge
by Mauro RocaA report from the International Monetary Fund.
Transparency and Secrecy in European Democracies: Contested Trade-offs (Routledge Research in Comparative Politics)
by Dorota MokrosinskaThis edited volume offers a critical discussion of the trade-offs between transparency and secrecy in the actual political practice of democratic states in Europe. As such, it answers to a growing need to systematically analyse the problem of secrecy in governance in this political and geographical context. Focusing on topical cases and controversies in particular areas, the contributors reflect on the justification and limits of the use of secrecy in democratic governance, register the social, cultural, and historical factors that inform this process and explore the criteria used by European legislators and policy-makers, both at the national and supranational level, when balancing interests on the sides of transparency and secrecy, respectively. This book will be of key interest to scholars and students of security studies, political science, European politics/studies, law, history, political philosophy, public administration, intelligence studies, media and communication studies, and information technology sciences.
Transparency and Surveillance as Sociotechnical Accountability: A House of Mirrors (Routledge Studies in Science, Technology and Society #28)
by Deborah G. Johnson Priscilla M. ReganSurveillance and transparency are both significant and increasingly pervasive activities in neoliberal societies. Surveillance is taken up as a means to achieving security and efficiency; transparency is seen as a mechanism for ensuring compliance or promoting informed consumerism and informed citizenship. Indeed, transparency is often seen as the antidote to the threats and fears of surveillance. This book adopts a novel approach in examining surveillance practices and transparency practices together as parallel systems of accountability. It presents the house of mirrors as a new framework for understanding surveillance and transparency practices instrumented with information technology. The volume centers around five case studies: Campaign Finance Disclosure, Secure Flight, American Red Cross, Google, and Facebook. A series of themed chapters draw on the material and provide cross-case analysis. The volume ends with a chapter on policy implications.
Transparency and the Open Society: Practical Lessons for Effective Policy
by Roger Taylor Tim KelseyGreater transparency is increasingly seen as the answer to a wide range of social issues by governments, NGOs and businesses around the world. However, evidence of its impact is mixed. Using case studies from around the world including India, Tanzania, the UK and US, Transparency and the open society surveys the adoption of transparency globally, providing an essential framework for assessing its likely performance as a policy and the steps that can be taken to make it more effective. It addresses the role of transparency in the context of growing use by governments and businesses of surveillance and database driven decision making. The book is written for anyone involved in the use of transparency whether campaigning from outside or working inside government or business to develop policies.
Transparency in Global Environmental Governance
by Michael Mason Aarti GuptaTransparency -- openness, secured through greater availability of information -- isincreasingly seen as part of the solution to a complex array of economic, political, and ethicalproblems in an interconnected world. The "transparency turn" in global environmentalgovernance in particular is seen in a range of international agreements, voluntary disclosureinitiatives, and public-private partnerships. This is the first book to investigate whethertransparency in global environmental governance is in fact a broadly transformative force or plays amore limited, instrumental role. After three conceptual, context-setting chapters,the book examines ten specific and diverse instances of "governance by disclosure. " Theseinclude state-led mandatory disclosure initiatives that rely on such tools as prior informed consentand monitoring, measuring, reporting and verification; and private (or private-public), largelyvoluntary efforts that include such corporate transparency initiatives as the Carbon DisclosureProject and such certification schemes as the Forest Stewardship Council. The cases, which focus onissue areas including climate change, biodiversity, biotechnology, natural resource exploitation,and chemicals, demonstrate that although transparency is ubiquitous, its effects are limited andoften specific to particular contexts. The book explores in what circumstances transparency canoffer the possibility of a new emancipatory politics in global environmental governance.
Transparency in Global Environmental Governance: Critical Perspectives (Earth System Governance)
by Michael Mason Aarti GuptaA critical assessment of whether transparency is a broadly transformative force in global environmental governance or plays a more limited role.Transparency—openness, secured through greater availability of information—is increasingly seen as part of the solution to a complex array of economic, political, and ethical problems in an interconnected world. The “transparency turn” in global environmental governance in particular is seen in a range of international agreements, voluntary disclosure initiatives, and public-private partnerships. This is the first book to investigate whether transparency in global environmental governance is in fact a broadly transformative force or plays a more limited, instrumental role.After three conceptual, context-setting chapters, the book examines ten specific and diverse instances of “governance by disclosure.” These include state-led mandatory disclosure initiatives that rely on such tools as prior informed consent and monitoring, measuring, reporting and verification; and private (or private-public), largely voluntary efforts that include such corporate transparency initiatives as the Carbon Disclosure Project and such certification schemes as the Forest Stewardship Council. The cases, which focus on issue areas including climate change, biodiversity, biotechnology, natural resource exploitation, and chemicals, demonstrate that although transparency is ubiquitous, its effects are limited and often specific to particular contexts. The book explores in what circumstances transparency can offer the possibility of a new emancipatory politics in global environmental governance.
Transparency in Government Operations
by George Kopits Jon Craig#"February 1998. "#Includes bibliographical references.
Transparency in International Law
by Anne Peters Andrea BianchiWhile its importance in domestic law has long been acknowledged, transparency has until now remained largely unexplored in international law. This study of transparency issues in key areas such as international economic law, environmental law, human rights law and humanitarian law brings together new and important insights on this pressing issue. Contributors explore the framing and content of transparency in their respective fields with regard to proceedings, institutions, law-making processes and legal culture, and a selection of cross-cutting essays completes the study by examining transparency in international law-making and adjudication.
Transparency in Science and the Effects on Public Policy (Library of Public Policy and Public Administration #19)
by Franci DemšarThis book argues that, in the development of science, three principles have been used; transparency of results; transparency of procedures; financial transparency. Though the topic of transparency has been researched from various angles by many academics, none have made a comparison between the development of science in the last 350 years and the aforementioned principles. The author uniquely explains how these elements contributed to the rapid development of science and consequently that of technology and human wellbeing and suggests legislation for ensuring transparency in the public sector. In addition, this book provides numerous examples of successful new ways of using these principles in other activities in the public sector as well as possibilities of including the transparency principles from science publishing into general and internet media.
Transparency, Power, and Influence in the Pharmaceutical Industry: Policy Gain or Confidence Game?
by Katherine Fierlbeck, Janice Graham, Matthew HerderThere is plenty of controversy surrounding pharmaceuticals, but it cannot be denied that the pharmaceutical industry is both socially beneficial and profitable. Regulators are expected to ensure that the economic success of the industry does not come at the expense of public safety, yet they have also assumed a cooperative role by providing advice on regulation and by targeting unmet medical needs. Concerns over regulatory standards, conflicts of interest, and the manipulation of information on drug safety and effectiveness have led to public mistrust and a greater need for transparency between the pharmaceutical industry and government regulators. Transparency, Power, and Influence in the Pharmaceutical Industry evaluates the progress made in holding the pharmaceutical industry responsible for creating transparency in the industry, from development to market. The contributors to this volume examine the various mechanisms introduced to make the regulatory process more informative and situate these efforts within the larger project of enhancing the safety of drugs, vaccines, and other products.
Transparency, Society and Subjectivity: Critical Perspectives
by Emmanuel Alloa Dieter ThomäThis book critically engages with the idea of transparency whose ubiquitous demand stands in stark contrast to its lack of conceptual clarity. The book carefully examines this notion in its own right, traces its emergence in Early Modernity and analyzes its omnipresence in contemporary rhetoric. Today, transparency has become a catchword outplaying other Enlightenment values like empowerment, sincerity and the notion of a public sphere. In a suspicious manner, transparency is entangled in the discourses on power, surveillance, and self-exposure. Bringing together prominent scholars from the emerging field of Critical Transparency Studies, the book offers a map of the various sites at which transparency has become virulent and connects the dots between past and present. By studying its appearances in today’s hyper-mediated economies of information and by linking it back to its historical roots, the book analyzes transparency and its discontents, and scrutinizes the reasons why it has become the imperative of a supposedly post-ideological age.
Transparency: New Trajectories in Law (New Trajectories in Law)
by Rachel AdamsThis book critiques the contemporary recourse to transparency in law and policy. This is, ostensibly, the information age. At the heart of the societal shift toward digitalisation is the call for transparency and the liberalisation of information and data. Yet, with the recent rise of concerns such as 'fake news', post-truth and misinformation, where the policy responses to all these phenomena has been a petition for even greater transparency, it becomes imperative to critically reflect on what this dominant idea means, whom it serves, and what the effects are of its power. In response, this book provides the first sustained critique of the concept of transparency in law and policy. It offers a concise overview of transparency in law and policy around the world, and critiques how this concept works discursively to delimit other forms of governance, other ways of knowing and other realities. It draws on the work of Michel Foucault on discourse, archaeology and genealogy, together with later Foucaultian scholars, including Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak and Judith Butler, as a theoretical framework for challenging and thinking anew the history and understanding of what has become one of the most popular buzzwords of 21st century law and governance. At the intersection of law and governance, this book will be of considerable interest to those working in these fields; but also to those engaged in other interdisciplinary areas, including society and technology, the digital humanities, technology laws and policy, global law and policy, as well as the surveillance society.
Transparent Government
by Donald GordonProvides a blueprint for more effective government and greater citizen participation."Transparency" has become the new mantra of politicians and pundits alike. But what does it mean in practice? In this informative, clearly written book community activist Donald Gordon defines the essential features of a transparent government and makes a convincing case that it is critical for a healthy and maturing democracy and the basic liberties we all take for granted.Gordon first presents a clear definition of transparency in government and why we should pursue it, followed by a review of the history of transparency in American politics. He then makes the case for how transparency serves as the foundation for active civic engagement. The heart of the book is Gordon's "Transparency Index." The author examines best practices in measuring transparency and then isolates the critical factors that can be used to assess any type of government and its commitment to transparency. In addition, a scoring system is presented that allows for comparison of government entities.For anyone who wishes that government were more effective and responsive, this book shows how these goals can be achieved.
Transparent Lives: Surveillance in Canada
by David Lyon Valerie Steeves Kevin D. Haggerty Colin J. Bennett"Although most Canadians are familiar with surveillance cameras and airport security, relatively few are aware of the extent to which the potential for surveillance is now embedded in virtually every aspect of our lives. We cannot walk down a city street, register for a class, pay with a credit card, hop on an airplane, or make a telephone call without data being captured and processed. Where does such information go? Who makes use of it, and for what purpose? Is the loss of control over our personal information merely the price we pay for using social media and other forms of electronic communication, or should we be wary of systems that make us visible—and thus vulnerable—to others as never before? The work of a multidisciplinary research team, Transparent Lives explains why and how surveillance is expanding—mostly unchecked—into every facet of our lives. Through an investigation of the major ways in which both government and private sector organizations gather, monitor, analyze, and share information about ordinary citizens, the volume identifies nine key trends in the processing of personal data that together raise urgent questions of privacy and social justice. Intended not only to inform but to make a difference, the volume is deliberately aimed at a broad audience, including legislators and policymakers, journalists, civil liberties groups, educators, and, above all, the reading public."
Transparent Lobbying and Democracy
by Šárka Laboutková Vít Šimral Petr Vymětal"The authors come up with some innovative tools, namely the “Catalogue of transparent lobbying”. They look at and evaluate the impact on both key stakeholders (lobbyists and targets of lobbying), monitoring of lobbying activities and sanctioning for breaches of rules. This tool holds out benchmarking capacity of sound framework for understanding of lobbying in the context of democracy, legitimacy of decision-making and accountability."David Ondráčka, member of global Board of Transparency International, head of Transparency International, Czech Republic"Transparent Lobbying and Democracy provides a comprehensive view into the phenomenon of lobbying... As a well-established scientist specializing in democracy, civil society and the public sphere, I see it as a useful and enriching contribution to the debate on lobbying, its necessary transparency and its role in the democratization process. This book has the potential to reach an international audience of experts and interested lay persons, and both complement and compete with publications on similar issues."Karel B. Müller, University of Economics in Prague, Czech RepublicThis book deals with the current, as yet unsolved, problem of transparency of lobbying. In the current theories and prevalent models that deal with lobbying activities, there is no reflection of the degree of transparency of lobbying, mainly due to the unclear distinction between corruption, lobbying in general, and transparent lobbying. This book provides a perspective on transparency in lobbying in a comprehensive and structured manner. It delivers an interdisciplinary approach to the topic and creates a methodology for assessing the transparency of lobbying, its role in the democratization process and a methodology for evaluating the main consequences of transparency. The new approach is applied to assess lobbying regulations in the countries of Central Eastern Europe and shows a method for how lobbying in other regions of the world may also be assessed.
Transparenz öffentlicher Einkaufsdaten in Deutschland: Anforderungen und Handlungsfelder im Kontext von Open Government
by Britta ReuterIn dieser Open-Access-Publikation beschreibt Britta Reuter auf Basis einer umfassenden Analyse der internationalen Forschungsergebnisse rund um die Öffnung öffentlicher Verwaltungs- und Einkaufsdaten sowie einer empirischen Erhebung die Chancen und Limitationen der Transparenz des öffentlichen Einkaufs für die verschiedenen Akteure aus Verwaltung, Politik, Wirtschaft, Wissenschaft, Medien und Nichtregierungsorganisationen in Deutschland. Sie leitet konkrete Anforderungen und Handlungsfelder ab, mit denen die Mehrwerte einer Öffnung gehoben und ihre Risiken adressiert werden können. Internationale Best Practices runden dieses Buch mit vielseitigen praktischen Anregungen für eine offene Beschaffungs- und Vergabepolitik ab.
Transplanting Commercial Law Reform: Developing a 'Rule of Law' in Vietnam
by John GillespieThe first sustained analysis examining legal transplantation into East Asia, this volume examines the prospects for transplanting a 'rule of law' that will attract and sustain international trade and investment in this economically dynamic region. The book develops both a general model that explains how legal transplantation shapes legal development in the region, whilst developing theoretical insights into the political, economic and legal discourses guiding commercial law reforms in Vietnam. For the first time, this book develops a research methodology specifically designed to investigate law reform in developing East Asia. In so doing, it challenges the relevance of conventional convergence and divergence explanations for legal transplantation that have been developed in European and North American contexts. As the first finely-grained analysis of legal development in Vietnam, the book will be invaluable to academics and researchers working in this area. It will also be of interest to those involved in commercial legal theory.
Transport Geopolitics: Decoding and Understanding Transport as a Source of Conflicts
by Luc AmplemanThis book provides readers with fresh new theoretical tools to better understand how sociopolitical actors (from governmental institutions to ecological NGOs; from local residents to multinational companies) clash about transport initiatives. It questions both the dominant understanding of what is geopolitics and conventional conceptions in transport geography used by transport planners. Drawing on a structuralist approach and addressing the capital notion of 'political control of mobility', it demonstrates how transport geopolitics, by being more inclusive of all modes of transport and all scales of analysis, may help prepare transport diplomacy in a time of critical global and local turbulences. It offers a valuable resource for research and teaching in the fields of transport studies, land-use planning, conflict studies, human geography and politics, presenting insightful theoretical material and concrete transport conflict examples to support teaching about territorial conflicts, political governance and transport political geography.
Transport Justice: Designing fair transportation systems
by Karel MartensTransport Justice develops a new paradigm for transportation planning based on principles of justice. Author Karel Martens starts from the observation that for the last fifty years the focus of transportation planning and policy has been on the performance of the transport system and ways to improve it, without much attention being paid to the persons actually using – or failing to use – that transport system. There are far-reaching consequences of this approach, with some enjoying the fruits of the improvements in the transport system, while others have experienced a substantial deterioration in their situation. The growing body of academic evidence on the resulting disparities in mobility and accessibility, have been paralleled by increasingly vocal calls for policy changes to address the inequities that have developed over time. Drawing on philosophies of social justice, Transport Justice argues that governments have the fundamental duty of providing virtually every person with adequate transportation and thus of mitigating the social disparities that have been created over the past decades. Critical reading for transport planners and students of transportation planning, this book develops a new approach to transportation planning that takes people as its starting point, and justice as its end.
Transport Matters: Integrated Approaches to Planning City-Regions (RTPI Library Series)
by Angela HullAddressing the principles of sustainability, spatial planning, integration, governance and accessibility of transport, this book focuses on the problem of providing efficient and low energy transport systems which serve the needs of everybody. It explores many of the new arguments, ideas and perceptions of mobility and accessibility in city-regions. Looking at evidence from Denmark, Sweden, The Netherlands, Germany and the UK, it considers the meaning of the key concepts of sustainable accessibility, the spatial planning model, and integrated territorial policies.
Transport Moving to Climate Intelligence
by Werner Rothengatter Yoshitsugu Hayashi Wolfgang SchadeTransportation contributes to roughly a fifth of greenhouse gas emissions, and as a growing sector of the economy, its contribution to climate change, if remained unchanged, could even grow. This is particularly true in the developing world, where the growth rates of air and ship transport are expected to exceed those of the EU, and worldwide objectives to curb greenhouse gas emissions by 2050 by sixty to eighty percent could be placed in serious jeopardy. This book addresses the key issues of controlling transportation growth and identifying and implementing measures that would significantly reduce the emissions of greenhouse gases from transport while maintaining its vital role in generating prosperity and mobility for future generations. This book describes the challenge that transport constitutes today as well as its role in the future for climate policy. It will discuss and provide hands-on suggestions for transportation policy that will mitigate the greenhouse gas emissions from transport. The book is organized into five parts. Part One presents an overview of transport and climate policy in the context of the recent economic crisis. Part Two examines the problems and proposed solutions for curbing emissions from transport in industrialized countries while Parts Three and Four deal with the developing world, with a particular focus on India and China. Part Five discusses tested solutions and provides policy recommendations making this book of interest to a broad audience of both policy-makers and academics concerned with the role of transport in reducing global climate change.
Transport Policy and the Environment
by David BanisterThere is currently considerable concern with limiting the growth of transport demand, the use of resources and related pollution. This book makes a major contribution to the debate on transport and the environment and is likely to become a benchmark against which new research will be developed. Transport Policy and the Environment presents for the first time the results of extensive research: *quantifying the contribution of transport to environmental problems. *assessing the options for resolving those problems. *investigating the conflicts arising from policy implementation. *developing new and better methods of data collection and analysis. It brings together the results of a major research programme funded by the UK Economic and Social Research Council on Transport and the Environment and provides a clear view on current policy. It is the major contribution that UK research has made to the debate and provides the first set of substantive results on the effectiveness of policy, and the means by which the impact can be measured and assessed.
Transport Policy: Learning Lessons From History (Transport and Society)
by Colin Divall Julian HineThe key aim of this volume is to demonstrate ways in which an understanding of history can be used to inform present-day transport and mobility policies. This is not to say that history repeats itself, or that every contemporary transport dilemma has an historical counterpart: rather, the contributors to this book argue that in many contexts of transport planning a better understanding of the context and consequences of past decisions and processes could lead to more effective policy decisions. Collectively the authors explore the ways in which the methods and approaches of historical research may be applied to contemporary transport and policy issues across a wide range of transport modes and contexts. By linking two bodies of academic research that for the most part remain separate this volume helps to inform current transport and mobility policies and to stimulate innovative new research that links studies of both past and present mobilities.