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Exit Laughing
by Victoria ZackheimExit Laughing is more than a collection of twenty-four personal stories, written by some of our country's finest authors, on the subject of death and humor. It's a reminder that all of us approach death in very different ways. Whether we face our death or the death of a loved one with fear, sorrow, joy, or confusion, and whether or not we believe in an afterlife, we cannot deny that death happens. Exit Laughing reminds us that in death there is a place for humor. Ellen Sussman writes of flying home her mother's body and watching her mother's burial wardrobe spill out on the baggage carousel. Kathi Kamen Goldmark regales us with memories of playing the kazoo at Jessica Mitford's funeral. Broadway and television actor Richard McKenzie shares the riotous story of a funeral procession led by a lost hearse. Bonnie Garvin writes about her parents' double suicide attempt (and yes, it's funny!). Joshua Braff recalls a death in an upstairs bedroom during his childhood, Roadrunner cartoons included. L.A. Law star and author Michael Tucker describes his last visit with his dying friend, Cleavon Little, and how they said goodbye. International bestselling novelist Jacquelyn Mitchard writes about her husband's untimely death, and how his three best friends ended up held in a psychiatric hospital after the wake. These stories, along with seventeen other memorable essays, constitute a book whose purpose is to remind readers that when dealing with illness, dying, and death, there is an important place for laugh-out-loud humor.
Exklusionserfahrungen geflüchteter Menschen aus Kamerun
by Ingmar ZalewskiWährend in den gegenwärtigen Debatten um Flucht und Asyl vorwiegend über Geflüchtete gesprochen wird, liefert Ingmar Zalewski einen empirischen Beitrag aus der Perspektive der Betroffenen. Er stellt dar, wie Menschen aus Kamerun während ihres Asylverfahrens durch Benachteiligungen, Bevormundungen sowie alltagsrassistische Erfahrungen in einen Strudel sozialer Exklusionsmechanismen geraten. Datengrundlage ist ein mehrmonatiger Aufenthalt in einem Brandenburger Geflüchtetenheim, im Zuge dessen die Subjektperspektive der Geflüchteten durch teilnehmende Beobachtungen und qualitative Einzelinterviews erschlossen wurde. Diese sozialpsychologische Feldstudie liefert einen Debattenbeitrag, der sich einem vereinseitigten Verständnis von Integration entzieht und eindringlich die Frage nach gesellschaftlicher Teilhabe stellt.
Exodus, Revisited: My Unorthodox Journey to Berlin
by Deborah FeldmanThe definitive follow-up to Unorthodox (the basis for the award-winning Netflix series)—now updated with more than 50 percent new material—the unforgettable story of what happened in the years after Deborah Feldman left a religious sect in Williamsburg in order to forge her own path in the world.In 2009, at the age of twenty-three, Deborah Feldman packed up her young son and their few possessions and walked away from her insular Hasidic roots. She was determined to find a better life for herself, away from the oppression and isolation of her Satmar upbringing in Williamsburg, Brooklyn. And in Exodus, Revisited she delves into what happened next—taking the reader on a journey that starts with her beginning life anew as a single mother, a religious refugee, and an independent woman in search of a place and a community where she can belong. Originally published in 2014, Deborah has now revisited and significantly expanded her story, and the result is greater insight into her quest to discover herself and the true meaning of home. Travels that start with making her way in New York expand into an exploration of America and eventually lead to trips across Europe to retrace her grandmother&’s life during the Holocaust, before she finds a landing place in the unlikeliest of cities. Exodus, Revisited is a deeply moving examination of the nature of memory and generational trauma, and of reconciliation with both yourself and the world.
The Expanded Dialectical Behavior Therapy Skills Training Manual: DBT for Self-Help and Individual & Group Treatment Settings (Second Edition)
by Lane Pederson Cortney Sidwell PedersonThis second edition is the most comprehensive and readable DBT manual available with more skills than any other DBT book on the market. <p><p> Beyond updates to the classic skills modules, clients and therapists will be enriched by added modules that include Dialectics, Cognitive Modification, Problem-Solving, and Building Routines as well as all-new, much-needed modules on Addictions and Social Media. <p> Designed for DBT therapists, eclectic and integrative therapists, and as a self-help guide for people interested in learning DBT skills, the straightforward explanations and useful worksheets contained within make DBT skills learning and practice accessible and practical for both skills groups and individual users.
The Expanded Family Life Cycle: Individual, Family, and Social Perspectives, 3rd Edition
by Betty Carter Monica McgoldrickHow does one define the concept of "family"? Is it primarily a biological link, or purely a social construction? Can it be a combination of both? Does it have to be? In this age of single parents, alternative lifestyles, and joint custody, "family" has become a fluid term which reflects a sweeping change in society -- from the rigid structure of the nuclear family to a more diverse and inclusive circle of people that one refers to as family. The authors propose a new and more comprehensive way to think about human development and the life cycle,by widening the perspective of family therapy to include diversity of family forms and lifestyles, as well as cultural diversity. Their expanded view of family includes the impact and issues at multiple levels of the human system: the individual, family households, the extended family, the community, the cultural group, and the larger society. Some issues with expanded focus include race, class, sexual orientation, gender, ethnicity, spirituality, politics, work, time, community, values, and belief systems.
The Expanded Family Life Cycle: Individual, Family, and Social Perspectives (4th edition)
by Betty Carter Nydia Garcia Preto Monica McgoldrickThis classic family therapy text reflects changes in society away from orientation toward the nuclear family, toward a more diverse and inclusive definition of "family" and integrates theory and current research with clinical guidelines and cases.
The Expanded Family Life Cycle: Individual, Family, and Social Perspectives (Fifth Edition)
by Monica McGoldrick Nydia A. Garcia Preto Betty A. CarterUpdated, expanded, and more comprehensive than ever, this new Fifth Edition a classic family therapy resource, The Expanded Family Life Cycle, gives readers a solid understanding of human development and the life cycle. Featured are a groundbreaking integration of individual development within a systemic context discussion of the increasing racial, ethnic, and cultural diversity across the life cycle in the United States today; life cycle perspectives on LGBT issues, alcohol, sexuality, migration, social class, violence in the family, and assessment of “home place” as fundamental to clinical work.
Expanding Approaches to Thematic Analysis: Creative Engagements with Qualitative Data
by Stephanie Anne Shelton Kelly W. GuyotteExpanding Approaches to Thematic Analysis: Creative Engagements with Qualitative Data springboards readers into a world where generating themes from qualitative data is a creative, experimental, and wondrous process!While no one ever said it had to be, thematic analysis is invariably described as a step-by-step process that involves coding. Yet qualitative data analysis is more than a technical procedure—it invokes imagination and inspiration—intuitional engagements that are as vital to the data analysis process as they are difficult to describe. This edited book begins with two premises: (1) there is more than one way to theme data, and (2) qualitative researchers do not have to code to get to themes. Each chapter introduces readers to a different approach to thematic analysis, explores that approach’s theoretical and disciplinary roots, and illustrates how that approach can be used to generate themes. Approaches include annotating, memoing, storying, writing, composing poems, artmaking, meditating, and more, expanding conceptualizations of what themes and thematic analysis can be. The book also includes ‘methodologies in action’: helpful examples of creative theming from doctoral students and early career scholars.This book is as much a provocation for engaging thematic analysis beyond/without/in addition to coding as it is a resource for anyone interested in the rationale, justification, and examples for doing so. As such, it is a source of inspiration for any qualitative student, researcher, and scholar who wishes to expand their repertoire of approaches to thematic analysis.
Expanding Definitions of Giftedness: The Case of Young Interpreters From Immigrant Communities (Educational Psychology Series)
by Guadalupe ValdesThis book is about bilingual young people who have been selected by their families to carry out the hard work of interpreting and translating to mediate communication between themselves and the outside world--between minority and majority communities. It examines the experiences of these young interpreters and the skills they develop in order to fulfill this role. The authors' purpose in this volume is to contribute to extending current definitions of gifted and talented, by proposing and offering evidence that the young people who are selected to serve as family interpreters perform at remarkably high levels of accomplishment when compared with others of their age, experience, and environment, and should thus clearly be included in the 1993 U.S. federal definition of giftedness. They maintain that not only are these capabilities currently overlooked by existing assessment procedures, but also that there is little understanding of the ways in which the unique talents of young interpreters might be nurtured and developed in academic settings. A strong case is made that in order for such students to be identified as gifted on the basis of their bilingual abilities, the field of gifted and talented education must embrace the concept that bilingualism is a strength. The field must also make developing bilingualism a focus of programs designed to meet the needs of the increasingly multilingual student population in the United States. The research this book reports--part of a larger five-year study of giftedness through linguistic and cultural lenses, funded by OERI through the National Research Center on the Gifted and Talented--was conducted by researchers whose background is very much outside the field of gifted education. Rather, their focus is on language, working within the traditions of qualitative sociolinguistics. Thus, this book offers a unique approach to the exploration of giftedness. It asks researchers and practitioners ordinarily accustomed to working with quantitative data to examine and make sense of detailed and rich analyses of students' linguistic performance, and argues that it is only by understanding the challenges of such bilingual interactions that the field of gifted and talented education can expand and reframe its vision of giftedness.
Expanding Global Horizons Through Technology Enhanced Language Learning (Lecture Notes in Educational Technology)
by Yun Wen Yi-Ju Wu Grace Qi Siao-Cing Guo J. Michael Spector Shobhana Chelliah Kinshuk Yu-Ju LanThis book uncovers the important issues in language learning and teaching in the intelligent, digital era. “Social connectivity” is a contemporary style of learning and living. By engaging in the connectivity of physical and digital worlds, how essential parts of language learning and teaching can be achieved? How can the advanced technologies, such as virtual reality and artificial intelligent, be used to solve the problems encountered by language learners? To answer the above mentioned question, plenty of inspiring studies are included in the book. It is a platform of exchange for researchers, educators, and practitioners on the theory and/or application of state-of-the-art uses of technology to enhance language learning.
Expanding Mindscapes: A Global History of Psychedelics
by Erika Dyck and Chris ElcockThe first collection of its kind to explore the diverse and global history of psychedelics as they appealed to several generations of researchers and thinkers.Expanding Mindscapes offers a fascinatingly fluid and diverse history of psychedelics that stretches around the globe. While much of the literature to date has focused on the history of these drugs in the United States and Canada, editors Erika Dyck and Chris Elcock deliberately move away from these places in this collection to reveal a longer and more global history of psychedelics, which chronicles their discovery, use, and cultural impact in the twentieth century.The authors in this collection explore everything from LSD psychotherapy in communist Czechoslovakia to the first applications of LSD-25 in South America to the intersection of modernism and ayahuasca in China. Along the way, they also consider how psychedelic experiments generated their own cultural expressions, where the specter of the United States may have loomed large and where colonial empires exerted influence on the local reception of psychedelics in botanical and pharmaceutical pursuits.Breaking new ground by adopting perspectives that are currently lacking in the historiography of psychedelics, this collection adds to the burgeoning field by offering important discussions on underexplored topics such as gender, agriculture, parapsychology, anarchism, and technological innovations.
Expanding the Practice of Sex Therapy: The Neuro Update Edition—An Integrative Approach for Exploring Desire and Intimacy
by Gina OgdenThe revised edition of this award-winning book offers thirty-three Neuro Updates, which provide evidence-based data to help you recognize and explain the deeply transformational nature of the work. Expanding the Practice of Sex Therapy looks beyond behavioral treatments, pharmaceutical interventions, and performance goals to a comprehensive picture of what your clients want and need when they enter sex therapy, and offers creative ways to engage your clients in their own therapeutic process, whether or not you are trained as a sex therapist. Central to Gina Ogden’s approach is her Four-Dimensional Wheel of Sexual Experience, an innovative template that recognizes the full range of sexual issues: physical, emotional, mental, and spiritual. The text is organized into five practice-oriented sections that introduce the 4-D Wheel; show you how you can use it with individuals, couples, and groups; and encourage you to explore it on your own.
The Expanding World Ayahuasca Diaspora: Appropriation, Integration and Legislation (Vitality of Indigenous Religions)
by Beatriz Caiuby Labate Clancy CavnarDuring its expansion from the Amazon jungle to Western societies, ayahuasca use has encountered different legal and cultural responses. Following on from the earlier edited collection, The Expanding World Ayahuasca Diaspora continues to explore how certain alternative global religious groups, shamanic tourism industries and recreational drug milieus grounded in the consumption of the traditionally Amazonian psychoactive drink ayahuasca embody various challenges associated with modern societies. Each contributor explores the symbolic effects of a "bureaucratization of enchantment" in religious practice, and the "sanitizing" of indigenous rituals for tourist markets. Chapters include ethnographic investigations of ritual practice, transnational religious ideology, the politics of healing and the invention of tradition. Larger questions on the commodification of ayahuasca and the categories of sacred and profane are also addressed. Exploring classic and contemporary issues in social science and the humanities, this book provides rich material on the bourgeoning expansion of ayahuasca use around the globe. As such, it will appeal to students and academics in religious studies, anthropology, sociology, psychology, cultural studies, biology, ecology, law and conservation.
Expansions of Feminist Family Theory Through Diversity
by Rhea AlmeidaExpansions of Feminist Family Theory Through Diversity reconstructs feminist family therapy to include issues of race, class, gender, culture, and sexual orientation. The contributors assist you with creating possible solutions to mental health problems in all types of families. This will enable you to find specific working strategies to help solve the problems inherent in families of diversity. This book also provides you with several conceptual models for approaching the sociopolitical context of family therapy.This collection challenges family therapy as an existing context of power privilege and expands feminist principle and diversity into subject areas such as intimate violence among the racially and sexually different, heterosexual privilege in family life, homosexual and racial oppression, social inequalities within the therapeutic story, and, from Monica McGoldrick, reflections on self as viewed by the multiple social systems of oppression.Clinicians and practicing feminist therapists can find insight into many general topic areas relevant to daily practice, such as: race as a social construct culture in the context of race, class, gender, and sexual orientation assessment and treatment of violence in heterosexual and homosexual families a social critique of therapeutic inequalities addressing the social inequalities in the delivery of mental health the politics of privilege and privacy in family lifeExpansions of Feminist Family Theory Through Diversity is organized in a way that makes it central to all clinical practice. It can be used as a guidebook for family therapists, social workers, counselors (guidance, clergy, and counseling programs) and psychologists who deal with diverse families and their problems.
Expansive Leadership: Cultivating Mindfulness to Lead Self and Others in a Changing World – A 28-Day Program
by Latha PoonamalleeThe structured 28-day mindfulness and contemplative journey presented in this book will help aspiring and current leaders to clarify their identities, and identify and reflect on their mental models to become more expansive leaders. The present moment demands new ways of being, doing, and relating with the world. To meet this moment, we need fresh, collective, inclusive, and interdependent models of leadership and new approaches to leadership development. This book goes beyond the ‘McMindfulness’ often seen in mindful leadership books, to offer a multi-faceted approach to develop a more interconnected sense of self and interdependence-centric mindsets needed for expansive leadership, through mindfulness practice. Through this practice, leaders can cultivate the ability to make deliberate choices using slow thinking and overcome any unconscious and implicit biases that are the result of fast-thinking processes. Anchored in insights from over ten years of teaching mindfulness-based leadership development courses, this book is an invitation to explore how to be a leader in an expansive, inclusive, robust, and resilient way. The reader will have an opportunity to define and refine their identity, uncover their personal mental models, and conclude by developing their own leadership philosophy. Leadership development professionals and teachers can adopt this for their students, coaching, and consulting clients.
Expatriates and Managing Global Mobility (SIOP Organizational Frontiers Series)
by Soo Min Toh Angelo DeNisiMultinational enterprises continue to rely heavily upon expatriates as part of their global workforce. These expatriates, whose exact employment contract may take different forms, are assigned to help them develop global skills as well as to foster knowledge transfer. But managing this expatriate workforce is extremely complex, requiring a questioning of assumptions and sensitivity to new social and cultural dynamics. This book sets out to examine the problem of expatriate management through an I/O Psychology lens. Each chapter draws upon the expertise of scholars from around the world to provide insights into the latest research findings and remaining needs, pertaining to a wide variety of issues. The contributors of this book review the current state of the research of the issue at hand and then make recommendations for where the new frontiers of the research should be in the coming decades. This volume covers four sets of issues pertaining to expatriate management and global mobility in depth. First, the different decision points organizations must make about assigning someone to an overseas location for some period of time; second the different categories of employees in the multinational corporation and their unique characteristics and challenges; third, the various issues and implications of managing a globally mobile workforce; and fourth, the unique contexts of global mobility. Overarching future research themes are identified that lay out the research agenda for the coming decades. By bringing together key research, this book aims to help I/O psychologists understand, explore, and identify new ways of contributing to the understanding of the issues involved in managing an expatriate workforce. Incorporating state-of-the art I/O psychology research in this unique context bears the promise of yielding important new paradigms and practices.
The Expectation Effect: How Your Mindset Can Change Your World
by David Robson“As David Robson makes plain in this compelling book, the way we think about the world can profoundly shape how we navigate it. Based in science and packed with smart advice, The Expectation Effect will expand your mind—and maybe even extend your life.”—Daniel Pink, New York Times bestselling author of When, Drive, and To Sell Is HumanA journey through the cutting-edge science of how our mindset shapes every facet of our lives, revealing how your brain holds the keys to unlocking a better youWhat you believe can make it so.You’ve heard of the placebo effect and how sugar pills can accelerate healing. But did you know that sham heart surgeries often work just as well as placing real stents? Or that people who think they’re particularly prone to cardiovascular disease are four times as likely to die from cardiac arrest? Such is the power and deadly importance of the expectation effect—how what we think will happen changes what does happen.Melding neuroscience with narrative, science journalist David Robson takes readers on a deep dive into the many life zones the expectation effect permeates. We see how people who believe stress is beneficial become more creative when placed under strain. We see how associating aging with wisdom can add seven plus years to your life. People say seeing is believing but, over and over, Robson proves that the converse is truer: believing is seeing.The Expectation Effect is not woo-woo. You cannot think your way into a pile of money or out of a cancer diagnosis. But just because magical thinking is nonsense doesn’t mean rational magic doesn’t exist. Pointing to accepted psychology and objective physiology, Robson gives us the practical takeaways we need to improve our fitness, productivity, intelligence, and happiness. Any reader who wants to take their fate into their own hands need only pick up this book.
Expectations and Actions: Expectancy-Value Models in Psychology (Psychology Revivals)
by Norman T. FeatherOriginally published in 1982, this book examines the current status of expectancy-value models in psychology. The focus is upon cognitive models that relate action to the perceived attractiveness or aversiveness of expected consequences. A person’s behavior is seen to bear some relation to the expectations the person holds and the subjective value of the consequences that might occur following the action. Despite widespread interest in the expectancy-value (valence) approach at the time, there was no book that looked at its current status and discussed its strengths and its weaknesses, using contributions from some of the theorists who were involved in its original and subsequent development and from others who were influenced by it or had cause to examine the approach closely. This book was planned to meet this need. The chapters in this book relate to such areas as achievement motivation, attribution theory, information feedback, organizational psychology, the psychology of values and attitudes, and decision theory and in some cases they advance the expectancy-value approach further and, in other cases, point to some of its deficiencies.
Expected Experiences: The Predictive Mind in an Uncertain World (Routledge Studies in Contemporary Philosophy)
by Tony Cheng Ryoji Sato Jakob HohwyThis book brings together perspectives on predictive processing and expected experience. It features contributions from an interdisciplinary group of authors specializing in philosophy, psychology, cognitive science, and neuroscience. Predictive processing, or predictive coding, is the theory that the brain constantly minimizes the error of its predictions based on the sensory input it receives from the world. This process of prediction error minimization has numerous implications for different forms of conscious and perceptual experience. The chapters in this volume explore these implications and various phenomena related to them. The contributors tackle issues related to precision estimation, sensory prediction, probabilistic perception, and attention, as well as the role predictive processing plays in emotion, action, psychotic experience, anosognosia, and gut complex. Expected Experiences will be of interest to scholars and advanced students in philosophy, psychology, and cognitive science working on issues related to predictive processing and coding.
Expecting Mindfully: Nourish Your Emotional Well-Being and Prevent Depression during Pregnancy and Postpartum
by Sona Dimidjian Sherryl H. GoodmanUnlike other mindfulness resources for moms and moms-to-be, this compassionate book is grounded in mindfulness-based cognitive therapy, a proven program. The authors are leading experts on the emotional challenges of pregnancy and early parenting--and how to overcome them. Guided meditations and gentle yoga practices help you build crucial skills to prevent depression, ease anxiety, and minimize stress during this unique and important phase of your life. Clear suggestions for how to follow the program day by day are accompanied by moving reflections from a "circle of mothers" working through the same steps. In a convenient large-size format, the book features journaling exercises and other practical tools (you can download and print additional copies as needed). The companion website also includes audio downloads narrated by renowned meditation teacher Sharon Salzberg, plus video clips of prenatal yoga practices.
Expecting to Fly
by Martha Tod DudmanDO YOU REMEMBER WHAT IT FELT LIKE TO BE FIFTEEN? MARTHA TOD DUDMAN DOES. It starts with a blue hash pipe in a shabby field and a hot, tight dance at the Mayflower Hotel, and rapidly accelerates against the kaleidoscopic backdrop of the Sixties. Describing a time weirdly similar to today, Expecting to Fly recalls a conservative government embroiled in an increasingly unpopular war, racial tensions, and a generation of disillusioned young people looking for something meaningful to believe in -- teenagers who, like Dudman, hurled themselves into a sea of drugs and sex they weren't really ready for. With the same passion and brutal honesty that she brought to her first book, Augusta, Gone -- the story of her daughter's troubled adolescence -- Dudman re-creates her own wild ride through the turbulent Sixties, vividly recounting scenes you probably experienced yourself. From the prim tradition of a posh girls' school and debutante parties of Washington, D.C., to the snows of New Hampshire and the campaign for Eugene McCarthy, from living out of a knapsack in Spain to getting stoned on acid in Yellow Springs, Ohio, Expecting to Fly takes us on a blistering trip to a time when the only thing you couldn't be was shocked. Now, years later, Dudman reflects on that time and what it means: "Which was it -- triumph, exploration, some important journey, or just a big stupid mistake, a total waste of time?" You decide.
Experience and Development: A Festschrift in Honor of Sandra Wood Scarr (Modern Pioneers in Psychological Science: An APS-Psychology Press Series)
by Kathleen McCartney Richard A. WeinbergThe scope of these chapters reflects the strong influence that Sandra Wood Scarr’s scholarship—her empirical research and theoretical contributions—has had on what we know about experience and development via the lens of the psychological sciences, especially the fields of developmental psychology, behavior genetics, early education and child care.
Experience and its Modes
by Michael OakeshottWhen it first appeared in 1933, Experience and its Modes was not considered a classic. But as philosophical fashion moved away from the analytic philosophy of the 1930s, this work began to seem ahead of its time. Arguing that experience is 'modal', in the sense that we always have a theoretical or practical perspective on the world, Michael Oakeshott explores the nature of philosophical experience and its relationship to three of the most important 'modes' of non-philosophical experience - science, history and practice - seeking to establish the autonomy and superiority of philosophy. In recognition of its enduring importance, this book is presented in a fresh series livery for a new generation of readers, featuring a specially commissioned preface written by Paul Franco.
Experience and Learning in Corporate Acquisitions: Theoretical Approaches, Research Themes and Implications
by Ilaria GalavottiThis book analyses mergers and acquisitions within the broader framework of strategic decisions. Existing studies on corporate acquisitions have produced a variegated and inconclusive spectrum of findings on the strategic mechanisms that contribute to value creation. By building on the widespread recognition that firms substantially differ in their ability to carry out successful acquisitions, this book focuses on the diverse effects of experiential learning. A unique systematic literature review is provided, which thematically highlights the connections between various streams of research. The author aims to systematise our knowledge on experience and learning dynamics in corporate acquisitions, providing a detailed analysis of conceptual implications and presenting potential avenues for future exploration.
The Experience and Meaning of Work in Women's Lives
by Hildreth Y. Grossman Nia Lane ChesterIn the past, social scientists have relied predominantly on traditional models of work to understand women's experiences. These models, however, have been based on men's occupational experiences, which have been assumed to be the same for women. More recently, researchers and theorists from a variety of disciplines have begun to challenge earlier assumptions as inaccurate reflections of the realities for female workers. Newer studies have concentrated on the historical and social reasons for women's employment and career choices, including changes in economy, family, and social conditions. To provide a deeper understanding of women worker's realities by including the meaning they make of their work experiences, the editors have assembled the research of social scientists from various disciplines whose investigations focused exclusively on this subject. Their qualitative methodology provides a forum for women to voice issues, raise questions, and share self-reflections about their work experiences and the meaning they make of their work in the context of the rest of their lives. The common themes that are interwoven within the fabric of women's work experience are: the need to expand traditional definitions of what constitutes "work;" the fluid nature of boundaries between personal life and work life; the importance of the relational aspects of their work; the issues related to the uses of power at work; the role of work in the development of women's sense of self and personal identity; and the degree to which women's work experience is colored by discrimination and sexism.