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Learnability and Cognition: The Acquisition of Argument Structure (new edition)
by Steven PinkerBefore Steven Pinker wrote bestsellers on language and human nature, he wrote severaltechnical monographs on language acquisition that have become classics in cognitive science. Learnability and Cognition, first published in 1989, brought together two bigtopics: how do children learn their mother tongue, and how does the mind represent basic categoriesof meaning such as space, time, causality, agency, and goals? The stage for this synthesis was setby the fact that when children learn a language, they come to make surprisingly subtle distinctions:pour water into the glass and fill the glass with water soundnatural, but pour the glass with water and fill water into theglass sound odd. How can this happen, given that children are not reliably corrected foruttering odd sentences, and they don't just parrot back the correct ones they hear from theirparents? Pinker resolves this paradox with a theory of how children acquire the meaning and uses ofverbs, and explores that theory's implications for language, thought, and the relationship betweenthem. As Pinker writes in a new preface, "The Secret Life of Verbs," thephenomena and ideas he explored in this book inspired his 2007 bestseller The Stuff ofThought: Language as a Window into Human Nature. These technical discussions, he notes,provide insight not just into language acquisition but into literary metaphor, scientificunderstanding, political discourse, and even the conceptions of sexuality that go intoobscenity.
Learned Optimism: How to Change Your Mind and Your Life
by Martin E. SeligmanKnown as the father of the new science of positive psychology, Martin E.P. Seligman draws on more than twenty years of clinical research to demonstrate how optimism enhances the quality of life, and how anyone can learn to practice it. Offering many simple techniques, Dr. Seligman explains how to break an "I-give-up" habit, develop a more constructive explanatory style for interpreting your behavior, and experience the benefits of a more positive interior dialogue. These skills can help break up depression, boost your immune system, better develop your potential, and make you happier. With generous additional advice on how to encourage optimistic behavior at school, at work and in children, Learned Optimism is both profound and practical--and valuable for every phase of life.
Learned Optimism: How to Change Your Mind and Your Life
by Martin SeligmanFrom the bestselling author of Authentic HappinessKnown as the father of the science of positive psychology, Martin E.P. Seligman draws on more than twenty years of clinical research to demonstrate how optimism enhances the quality of life, and how anyone can learn to practice it. Offering many simple techniques, Dr. Seligman explains how to break an 'I give up' habit, develop a more constructive explanatory style for interpreting your behaviour, and experience the benefits of a more positive interior dialogue. These skills can help break up depression, boost your immune system, better develop your potential, and make you happier. With generous additional advice on how to encourage optimistic behaviour at school, at work and in children, Learned Optimism is both profound and practical, making it highly valuable for every phase of life.
Learner Choice, Learner Voice: A Teacher’s Guide to Promoting Agency in the Classroom
by Ian Jukes Ryan L Schaaf Becky ZayasLearner Choice, Learner Voice offers fresh, forward-thinking supports for teachers creating an empowered, student-centered classroom. Learner agency is a major topic in today’s schools, but what does it mean in practice, and how do these practices give students skills and opportunities they will need to thrive as citizens, parents, and workers in our ever-shifting climate? Showcasing authentic activities and classrooms, this book is full of diverse instructional experiences that will motivate your students to take an agile, adaptable role in their own learning. This wealth of pedagogical ideas – from specific to open-ended, low-tech to digital, self-expressive to collaborative, creative to critical – will help you discover the transformative effects of providing students with ownership, agency, and choice in their learning journeys.
Learner Engagement in Online Second Language Classrooms
by Phung DaoThis book explores current research on online instructed L2 acquisition, with a specific focus on the nature and impact of learner engagement in online L2 classroom interaction. It examines the topic of online learner engagement from various theoretical perspectives, discusses conceptual and methodological issues, synthesizes research on the role of learner engagement in online L2 classroom interaction, and critically assesses its connection to teaching practices across different L2 settings. The book is intended for a wide audience, including undergraduate and postgraduate Applied Linguistics, TESOL and Second Language Education students seeking to understand the significance of learner engagement in online L2 learning. It will also be useful for researchers interested in staying updated on recent findings regarding the benefits of learner engagement in online classroom interaction for L2 learning. Additionally, teachers, teacher trainers and educators in Teacher Education (TE) and/or continuous professional development (CPD) programs can benefit from the pedagogical insights offered in this book regarding online L2 instruction in various contexts.
Learner Narratives of Translingual Identities: A Multimodal Approach to Exploring Language Learning Histories
by Patrick KiernanThis book addresses translingual identities through an innovative multimodal analysis of the language learning histories of a class of advanced learners of English in Japan who grew up between two or more languages. The author explores both the translingual experiences of those in the classroom and how they use language and gesture when describing their experiences to each other. This approach uses three perspectives: it looks at the worlds and identities the interviewees construct for themselves; at their interpersonal communication; and at the way they frame their experience. Finally, it offers some lessons based on the observations of the class which reveal the values they share and the key to their success as language learners. It will appeal to applied linguistic and educational researchers, particularly those with an interest in narrative approaches to exploring educational contexts, as well as language educators and policy makers interested in gaining a learner perspective on language learning.
Learners, Learning and Educational Activity (Foundations and Futures of Education)
by Judith IresonLearners, Learning and Educational Activity offers a new and creative approach to the psychology of learning. The central idea in the book is that learning in schools and other educational settings is best understood by paying attention to both individual learners and the educational contexts in which learning takes place. Providing an accessible introduction to new ideas and recent developments in cognitive and socio-cultural perspectives on learning, the book reviews advances in selected topics that are especially relevant for teachers and other educators. These include: learners’ conceptions of the nature of learning the development of advanced levels of learning and thinking the role of motivation and self-regulation in learning how learning and thinking relate to social and cultural contexts the ways in which these contexts influence interactions between teachers and learners. By illustrating connections between individual and social aspects of learning in educational settings in and out of school, the book encourages teachers, parents and other educators to think about learners and learning in new ways.
Learning About Drinking (ICAP Series on Alcohol in Society)
by Eleni Houghton Anne M. RocheThis book is based on the premise that drinking behaviors are primarily learned. The contributors to the book explore the complex array of individual and social factors that impact the development of drinking patterns. They traverse family and culture influences, and the role played by schools, government, and the beverage alcohol industry. Learning About Drinking offers a rigorous and scholarly examination of drinking behavior brought to life with illustrative cases drawn from around the world. Social policymakers, historians, anthropologists, public health specialists, as well as mental health professionals will find this book of value. Learning About Drinking offers a refreshing, evidence-based look at a process that has too often been taken for granted.
Learning About Human Nature and Analytic Technique from Mothers and Babies
by Nara Amalia CaronWe have much to learn from mothers and babies, not just about early life psychic phenomena that are active in us, but also about the analytic technique, when the internal setting becomes more important than the analyst's interpretative capacity. The infant observation method is a useful tool for the refinement of psychoanalytic listening of primitive phenomena and for the development of the containment and receptive capacity in the analyst, or any professional who is dedicated to the early stages of development. This book is a living testimony of years of observation work with the Bick method, including pregnancy and delivery, and much more spent in the working through of this material, in these unforgettable - and usually inaccessible - first three years of life.
Learning About Objects in Infancy (Essays in Developmental Psychology)
by Amy Work NeedhamHow do young infants experience the world around them? How similar or different are infants’ experiences from adults’ experiences of similar situations? How do infants progress from relatively sparse knowledge and expectations early in life to much more elaborate knowledge and expectations just several months later? We know that much of infants’ learning before four to five months of age is visually-based. As they develop the ability to reach for objects independently, they can explore objects that are of particular interest to them—a new skill that must be important for their learning. Through this transition to independent reaching and exploration, infants go a long way toward forming their own understandings of the objects around them. Towards the end of the first year of life, infants begin manipulating one object relative to another and this skill sets the stage for them to begin using objects instrumentally—using one object to create changes in other objects. This new ability opens up many opportunities for infants to learn about using tools. In this volume, Amy Work Needham provides an extensive overview of her research on infant learning, with a particular focus on how infants learn about objects. She begins with an explanation of how basic aspects of how infants’ visual exploration of objects allows them to create new knowledge about objects and object categories. She continues with a description of infants’ visual and manual learning about hand-held tools and how these tools can be used to achieve goals. Throughout, she focuses on active learning and development, which results in infants making important contributions to their own learning about objects. She concludes by synthesizing the findings discussed, pulls out recurring themes across studies, and brings together fundamental principles of how infants learn about objects.
Learning Across Sites: New Tools, Infrastructures and Practices (New Perspectives on Learning and Instruction)
by Sten LudvigsenThe ever evolving, technology-intensive nature of the twenty-first century workplace has caused an acceleration in the division of labour, whereby work practices are becoming highly specialised and learning and the communication of knowledge is in a constant state of flux. This poses a challenge for education and learning: as knowledge and expertise increasingly evolve, how can individuals be prepared through education to participate in specific industries and organisations, both as newcomers and throughout their careers? Learning Across Sites brings together a diverse range of contributions from leading international researchers to examine the impacts and roles which evolving digital technologies have on our navigation of education and professional work environments. Viewing learning as a socially organised activity, the contributors explore the evolution of learning technologies and knowledge acquisition in networked societies through empirical research in a range of industries and workplaces. The areas of study include public administration, engineering, production, and healthcare and the contributions address the following questions: How are learning activities organised? How are tools and infrastructures used? What competences are needed to participate in specialised activities? What counts as knowledge in multiple and diverse settings? Where can parallels be drawn between workplaces? Addressing an emerging problem of adaptation in contemporary education, this book is essential reading for all those undertaking postgraduate study and research in the fields of educational psychology, informatics and applied information technology.
Learning Along the Way: Further Reflections on Psychoanalysis and Psychotherapy
by Patrick CasementLearning Along the Way sees Patrick Casement trace the development and application of his earlier key contributions to psychoanalytic technique. These include his observations about internal supervision, trial identification with the patient, and monitoring how the analytic space is either preserved or spoiled by the analyst’s contributions. Throughout the book, Casement cautions against preconceptions that steer the analytic process along familiar lines. He advocates a more radical approach that is always open to being led by the process emerging between analyst and patient, frequently leading to unexpected and fresh insights. This work makes a natural pair with Casement’s first, most celebrated book, On Learning from the Patient. Here he builds upon all that was outlined before, challenging the reader further and inspiring clinicians to re-think their established ways of working. Learning Along the Way is an invaluable addition to every clinician’s library and an essential aid to practicing psychoanalysts, psychotherapists, counsellors and anyone training in psychoanalysis.
Learning Analytics in Open and Distributed Learning: Potential and Challenges (SpringerBriefs in Education)
by Paul Prinsloo Sharon Slade Mohammad KhalilThis book explores and further expands on the rich history of theoretical and empirical research in open and distributed learning, and addresses the impact of the “data revolution” and the emergence of learning analytics on this increasingly diverse form of educational delivery. Following an introductory chapter that maps the book’s conceptual rationale, the book discusses the potential, challenges and practices of learning analytics in various open and distributed contexts. A concluding chapter briefly summarises the chapters before providing a tentative future research agenda for learning analytics in open and distributed environments.
Learning Analytics: Fundaments, Applications, and Trends
by Alejandro Peña-AyalaThis book provides a conceptual and empirical perspective on learning analytics, its goal being to disseminate the core concepts, research, and outcomes of this emergent field. Divided into nine chapters, it offers reviews oriented on selected topics, recent advances, and innovative applications. It presents the broad learning analytics landscape and in-depth studies on higher education, adaptive assessment, teaching and learning. In addition, it discusses valuable approaches to coping with personalization and huge data, as well as conceptual topics and specialized applications that have shaped the current state of the art. By identifying fundamentals, highlighting applications, and pointing out current trends, the book offers an essential overview of learning analytics to enhance learning achievement in diverse educational settings. As such, it represents a valuable resource for researchers, practitioners, and students interested in updating their knowledge and finding inspirations for their future work.
Learning And Behavior: A Contemporary Synthesis
by Mark E. BoutonProviding a strong background in modern learning and behavior theory, this book reflects the importance of the study of animal learning in psychology. Topics covered include learning and adaptation, modern conditioning theories, memory retrieval, instrumental learning, avoidance learning and learned helplessness.
Learning Animals: Curriculum, Pedagogy and Becoming a Veterinarian
by Nadine DolbyWe are surrounded by thousands of animals, alive and dead. They are an intimate and ever-present part of our human lives. As a society, we privilege veterinarians as experts on these animals: they are our educators and teachers in what they say, what they do, and the decisions that they make. Yet, within the field of education, there is little research on the curriculum, pedagogy, and experiences of veterinary school and students. What do veterinarians learn in veterinary school? How do their experiences during those four years shape their perceptions of animals? How do the structures, curriculum, and pedagogy of veterinary college create and influence these experiences? Learning Animals opens up this conversation through an exploration of the complicated, fascinating and often painful stories of a cohort of veterinary students as they make their four-year journey from matriculation through graduation. The book examines how the experiences of veterinary students shape how humans relate to animals, from public policy and decision-making about the environment and animals slaughtered for food, to the most personal decisions about euthanizing companion animals. The first full-length, critical, qualitative study of the perspectives of our primary teachers about animals, this will be a thought-provoking read for those in the fields of both educational research and veterinary education.
Learning As Self-organization (INNS Series of Texts, Monographs, and Proceedings Series)
by Karl H. Pribram Joseph KingA year before his death, B.F. Skinner wrote that "There are two unavoidable gaps in any behavioral account: one between the stimulating action of the environment and the response of the organism and one between consequences and the resulting change in behavior. Only brain science can fill those gaps. In doing so, it completes the account; it does not give a different account of the same thing." This declaration ended the epoch of radical behaviorism to the extent that it was based on the doctrine of the "empty organism," the doctrine that a behavioral science must be constructed purely on its own level of investigation. However, Skinner was not completely correct in his assessment. Brain science on its own can no more fill the gaps than can single level behavioral science. It is the relation between data and formulations developed in the brain and the behavioral sciences that is needed. This volume is the result of The Fourth Appalachian Conference on Behavioral Neurodynamics, the first three of which were aimed at filling Skinner's first gap. Taking the series in a new direction, the aim of the fourth and subsequent conferences is to explore the second of the gaps in the behavioral account noted by Skinner. The aim of this conference was to explore the aphorism: The motivation for learning is self organization. In keeping with this aim and in the spirit of previous events, this conference's mission was to acquaint scientists working in one discipline with the work going on in other disciplines that is relevant to both. As a result, it brought together those who are making advances on the behavioral level -- mainly working in the tradition of operant conditioning -- and those working with brains -- mainly amygdala, hippocampus, and far frontal cortex.
Learning Bodies
by Julia Coffey Shelley Budgeon Helen Cahill'Learning Bodies' addresses the lack of attention paid to the body in youth and childhood studies. Whilst a significant range of work on this area has explored gender, class, race and ethnicity, and sexualities - all of which have bodily dimensions - the body is generally studied indirectly, rather than being the central focus. This collection of papers brings together a scholarly range of international, interdisciplinary work on youth, with a specific focus on the body. The authors engage with conceptual, empirical and pedagogical approaches which counteract perspectives that view young people's bodies primarily as 'problems' to be managed, or as sites of risk or deviance. The authors demonstrate that a focus on the body allows us to explore a range of additional dimensions in seeking to understand the experiences of young people. The research is situated across a range of sites in Australia, North America, Britain, Canada, Asia and Africa, drawing on a range of disciplines including sociology, education and cultural studies in the process. This collection aims to demonstrate - theoretically, empirically and pedagogically - the implications that emerge from a reframed approach to understanding children and youth by focusing on the body and embodiment.
Learning Chinese as a Heritage Language
by Guanglun Michael MuThis book explores the fascinating topic of heritage language learning, looking in particular at Chinese Australians' learning of Chinese. The author studies the investment, challenges and benefits of heritage language learning across varied contexts including school, work, home and in the community. The book investigates how Chinese Australians navigate and negotiate their Chineseness and how resources are used to support their learning. The book is based on a mixed methods study which uses Bourdieu's sociological theory, and offers implications for sociologists of language and education, Chinese heritage language learners and teachers, as well as language and cultural policy makers.
Learning Cities: Multimodal Explorations And Placed Pedagogies (Cultural Studies and Transdisciplinarity in Education #8)
by Stephen Dobson Sue NicholsThis book is an interdisciplinary text exploring the learning and educative potentials of cities and their spaces, including urban and suburban contexts, at all stages of life. Drawing on the insights of researchers from diverse fields, such as education, architecture, history, visual sociology, applied linguistics and sensory studies, this collection of papers develops and demonstrates the connection between experience, in all its dimensions, and informal learning in the city. The chapters discuss various sensory domains of experience, considering visual, embodied, and even sexual dimensions in relation to what and how learning operates, and the contributors reflect on their learning and inquiring experiences in the city, with special reference to topics such as narrativity, ‘race’ and ethnicity, equity, urban literacy, re-generation, participation, representation and oral histories.
Learning Cognitive-Behavior Therapy: An Illustrated Guide
by Michael E. Thase Jesse H. Wright Monica R. BascoLearning Cognitive-Behavior Therapy: An Illustrated Guide is designed to help both students and practitioners master the core methods of this proven form of psychotherapy. This easy-to-use guidebook offers full explanations of the most effective behavioral methods; a program designed for achieving competency that covers both basic methods for patients with depression and anxiety and advanced techniques for patients with bipolar disorder, psychoses, and eating and personality disorders; an integrated cognitive-behavioral/biological/interpersonal model for treatment; and instructions on fully integrating CBT with psychopharmacological intervention, as well as formulation and treatment methods endorsed by the Academy of Cognitive Therapy.
Learning Cognitive-Behavior Therapy: An Illustrated Guide (Core Competencies in Phychotherapy Ser.)
by Glen O. Gabbard Michael E. Thase Jesse H. Wright Monica Ramirez Basco Gregory K. BrownBuilding on its successful -read-see-do- approach, this second edition of Learning Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy: An Illustrated Guide seamlessly combines 23 all-new videos with informative text and figures, charts, worksheets, checklists, and tables to help readers not only learn the essential skills of CBT but achieve competence in this important evidence-based treatment method. <P><P>Opening with an overview of core cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT) theories and techniques, leading CBT practitioners then describe and demonstrate how to build effective therapeutic relationships with CBT, conceptualize a case with the CBT model, structure sessions, and resolve common problems encountered in CBT. <P><P>This updated, second edition of the best-selling and highly popular Learning Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy also features: - Ways to employ CBT to reduce suicide risk- Guidance on integrating therapies related to CBT -- including dialectical behavior therapy, mindfulness-based cognitive therapy, and well-being therapy -- in the context of personality disorders and chronic or recurrent depression- An appendix of curated resources by the expert authors -- recommended readings, computer programs, Web sites, videos, and organizations -- to give readers access to the best resources in building competence in CBT practice <P><P>The all-new videos feature clinicians demonstrating methods in real-world settings and include new topics such as safety planning and uncovering and changing maladaptive schemas. Proven as one of the best teaching tools for building competence in CBT, this new edition will enrich readers' understanding and practice of CBT.
Learning Consultation: A Systemic Framework (The Systemic Thinking and Practice Series)
by David CampbellA book which will illuminate the learning process from the perspective of the teacher as well as the learner. The experiences of the various contributors will empower the reader to take more personal risks in their own learning.
Learning Conversations in Museums
by Gaea Leinhardt Kevin Crowley Karen KnutsonWhat do people learn from visiting museums and how do they learn it? The editors approach this question by focusing on conversations as both the process and the outcome of museum learning. People do not come to museums to talk, but they often do talk. This talk can drift from discussions of managing the visit, to remembrances of family members and friends not present, to close analyses of particular objects or displays. This volume explores how these conversations reflect and change a visitor's identity, discipline-specific knowledge, and engagement with an informal learning environment that has been purposefully constructed by an almost invisible community of designers, planners, and educators. Fitting nicely into a small but rapidly expanding market, this book presents: *one of the first theoretically grounded set of studies on museum learning; *an explicit presentation of innovative and rich methodologies on learning in museums; *information on a variety of museums and subject matter; *a study on exhibitions, ranging from art to science content; *authors from the museum and the academic world; *a range of methods--from the analysis of diaries written to record museum visits, to studies of preservice teachers using pre- and post-museum visit tests; *an examination of visitors ranging from age 4-75 years of age, and from known and unknown sample populations; and *a lens that examines museum visits in a fine grained (1 second) or big picture (week, year long) way.
Learning Counseling and Problem-Solving Skills
by Stephen B Fawcett Leslie Borck-JamesonAn excellent tool for teaching counseling and problem-solving skills, this instructive volume focuses on the how-tos of developing a good client-helper relationship.