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Methodological Issues in Psychology: Concept, Method, and Measurement
by David TrafimowMethodological Issues in Psychology is a comprehensive text that challenges current practice in the discipline and provides solutions that are more useful in contemporary research, both basic and applied. This book begins by equipping the readers with the underlying foundation pertaining to basic philosophical issues addressing theory verification or falsification, distinguishing different levels of theorizing, or hypothesizing, and the assumptions necessary to negotiate between these levels. It goes on to specifically focus on statistical and inferential hypotheses including chapters on how to dramatically improve statistical and inferential practices and how to address the replication crisis. Advances to be featured include the author's own inventions, the a priori procedure and gain-probability diagrams, and a chapter about mediation analyses, which explains why such analyses are much weaker than typically assumed. The book also provides an introductory chapter on classical measurement theory and expands to new concepts in subsequent chapters. The final measurement chapter addresses the ubiquitous problem of small effect sizes in psychology and provides recommendations that directly contradict typical thinking and teaching in psychology, but with the consequence that researchers can enjoy dramatically improved effect sizes. Methodological Issues in Psychology is an invaluable asset for students and researchers of psychology. It will also be of vital interest to social science researchers and students in areas such as management, marketing, sociology, and experimental philosophy.
Methodologies in Peace Psychology
by Diane Bretherton Siew Fang LawThis volume looks at research methods through the lens of peace studies and peace values. Apart from reviewing established methods from peace psychology, it presents some innovative ideas for conducting research in the area of peace psychology. Many of these methods are drawn from the field, from activities used by active peace practitioners. A critical component of this volume is its core argument that peace research should be conducted by peaceful means, and should model peaceful processes. Organized thematically, the volume begins with a review of the established best practices in peace psychology research methodology, including methods for qualitative research, for quantitative research, and participative action networks. In doing so, it also points to some of the limitations of working for peace within the tradition of a single discipline and to the need to expand psychology methodology, to methodologies. Therefore, the second half of the volume proceeds to explore the realm of innovative, relatively unorthodox research methods, such as participatory and workshop methods, the creative arts, and sports for research purposes. The use of new advances in information technology to conduct peaceful research are also discussed. The concluding chapters synthesize key issues from the previous chapters, and links peace psychology with ideas and implementation of research designs and practices. Finally, it discusses the nature of academic knowledge, and more specifically, academic knowledge in peace psychology, and where that fits into the mission to build a more peaceful world. Overall this book aims to provide peace psychologists with an array of possibilities and best practices for approaching their research. Many researchers find the experience of doing research a somewhat lonely, if not isolating, experience. Methodologies in Peace Psychology: Peace Research by Peaceful Means aims to alleviate this feeling as the use of these more innovative methods leads to a closer engagement with the community and a much more social experience of research. This volume is a useful tool for both new and experienced researchers because it provides leads for idealistic young researchers who want their work to make a difference, in addition to encouraging more reflection and analysis for experienced peace psychologists.
Methodologies of Hypnosis: A Critical Appraisal of Contemporary Paradigms of Hypnosis (Psychology Revivals)
by Peter W. Sheehan Campbell W. PerryOriginally published in 1976, this title looks closely at the current nature of controls in hypnosis research at the time and tries to assess what they contributed to our knowledge of hypnosis. Specifically, the book analyses the contributions to our understanding of hypnotic phenomena offered by the application of six contemporary methodologies, or paradigms, of hypnosis. The primary concern is with those paradigms that are experimental, rather than clinical, in orientation, and which had emerged over the previous decade as coherent programmatic collections of procedural strategies, all of them associated with distinct and important views of how hypnotic behaviour can best be explained.
Methodology Of Frontal And Executive Function
by Patrick RabbittThis volume reflects the pressure to develop useful models and methodologies to study executive behaviour - the ability to update information in working memory in order to control selective attention to formulate plans of action and to monitor their efficient execution. Many models are based on the concept of a single "central executive" that manges these functions; others propose a number of independent "working memory systems" that each serve one task or activity but not others.; This book is a collection of essays by active researchers who discuss their own work on the definition of "executive" or "controlled" behaviours, and on the relation of these behaviours to specific areas of the frontal cortex. The papers are particularly concerned with logical difficulties that arise in defining these functions that lead, in turn, to methodological difficulties in studying them. In particular, they discuss such problems as the low test-re-test reliability of tasks that have been used to define and explore "executive" behaviours, the limited validity of these tasks in predicting performance deficits, the poor localization of the changes observed with respect to underlying brain function, and the relation of performance on these tasks to individual difference in performance on measures of "global" or "general" intellectual ability such as Spearman's 1927 gf.; The authors discuss their own research on the relations between cognitive function and neuropsychology, on changes in executive competence in conditions such as closed head injuries or dementias that may diffusely affect the whole brain, and on changes in executive function in normal old age.
Methodology for Early Childhood Education and Care Research: Premises and Principles of Scientific Knowledge Building (SpringerBriefs in Education)
by Niklas PramlingThis book concisely explores the distinguishing features of scientific knowledge and research in early childhood education and care (ECEC). It has a dual-level focus of containing and relating the concrete practices of conducting research with the more fundamental conceptual discussions around research – the Bildung of the researcher.The book introduces and succinctly explains the concepts of methodology, theoretical knowledge about method, and how all parts of conducting research are informed by theory. The interrelation of these concepts, and many premises of research, are often regarded as assumed knowledge. In this book, premises of research are explicated and discussed, as well as methods on how to engage in informed dialogue.This introductory text explicates many features of scientific knowing and knowledge building in ECEC that tend to be presumed rather than clarified. It will be important in furthering the professional development of PhD students, Master’s students, supervisors, and researchers.
Methodology for Multilevel Modeling in Educational Research: Concepts and Applications
by Myint Swe KhineThis edited volume documents attempts to conduct systematic and prodigious research using multilevel analysis in educational settings, and present their findings and identify future research directions. It showcases the versatility of multilevel analysis, and elucidates the unique advantages in examining complex and wide-ranging educational issues. This book brings together leading experts around the world to share their works in the field, highlighting recent advances, creative and unique approaches, and innovative methods using multilevel modeling and theoretical and practical aspects of multilevel analysis in culturally and linguistically-diverse educational contexts.
Methodology in Neuropsychological Assessment: An Interpretative Approach to Guide Clinical Practice
by Sara Mondini Marinella Cappelletti Giorgio ArcaraMethodology in Neuropsychological Assessment: An Interpretative Approach to Guide Clinical Practice provides practical and methodological guidance for neuropsychologists working with people with brain lesions or brain dysfunctions. The textbook underlines the principles that can be used to guide clinicians in recognizing and interpreting signs and symptoms while enabling a complete neuropsychological assessment through a series of well-defined steps. The text provides a detailed methodological approach towards neuropsychological tools, with guidance on how to select the right test and how to interpret the outcome, which can act as a primer for a clinician through every step of the assessment in a coherent and reasoned way. The textbook presents an exhaustive discussion of the varied tools that a clinician can employ to complete a rigorous and consistent neuropsychological assessment. It guides the reader from the first step of collecting the personal history of the examinee – the anamnesis – to the selection of suitable psychometric tests and scoring, which is accordingly integrated to formulate the neuropsychological diagnosis and write up the neuropsychological report. Chapters also include coverage of the neuropsychological interview with the examinee and their family and the probability of identifying a disorder with a neuropsychological assessment. The authors have further included a series of detailed and explanatory clinical cases from their experience to expand upon the evaluation process. The textbook is valuable reading for students in clinical neuropsychology who are learning to carry out neuropsychological evaluations as well as clinicians who are seeking to develop a more comprehensive approach towards performing a thorough neuropsychological assessment.
Methods For Effective Teaching: Meeting The Needs Of All Students
by Paul R. Burden David M. ByrdThe sixth edition of Methods for Effective Teaching provides the most current research-based coverage of teaching methods for K-12 classrooms on the market today. In a straightforward, user-friendly tone, the expert author team writes to prepare current and future educators to be effective in meeting the needs of all the students they teach. In this new edition, all content is carefully aligned to professional standards, including the recently revised InTASC standards. Uniquely emphasizing today's contemporary issues, such as both teacher-centered and student-centered strategies; a myriad of ways to differentiate instruction, promote student thinking, and actively engage students in learning; approaches for teaching English language learners, and an added emphasis on culturally responsive teaching, this highly-regarded textbook is the perfect combination of sound teaching methods and cutting edge content.
Methods In Behavioral Research
by Paul C. Cozby Scott BatesMethods in Behavioral Research drives home foundational concepts and supports students’ mastery of the essential elements of behavioral research with a straightforward and accessible presentation. Fascinating and relatable research—from canonical studies to recent scholarship on Instagram usage and the impacts of Covid-19—engages students in exploring the methodology of research. Focused organization combined with clear and direct writing remains a hallmark of Methods in Behavioral Research: chapters follow the arc of a research investigation, from planning through conducting and presenting. The text provides a strong foundation for students both as future researchers themselves, and as critical consumers of global research studies and claims. The 15th edition, which aligns with APA 7e, foregrounds important questions of diversity, equity, and inclusion in past and future research and its assumed universal applicability.
Methods In Behavioral Research: (Twelfth Edition)
by Paul C. Cozby Scott C. BatesMethods in Behavioral Research continues to guide students toward success by helping them study smarter and more efficiently. In tandem with LearnSmart, McGraw-Hill Education's adaptive and personalized learning program, Cozby and Bates provide helpful pedagogy, rich examples, and a clear voice in their approach to methodological decision-making.
Methods That Matter: Integrating Mixed Methods for More Effective Social Science Research
by M. Cameron HayTo do research that really makes a difference--the authors of this book argue--social scientists need questions and methods that reflect the complexity of the world. Bringing together a consortium of voices across a variety of fields, Methods that Matter offers compelling and successful examples of mixed methods research that do just that. In case after case, the researchers here break out of the traditional methodological silos that have long separated social science disciplines in order to better describe the intricacies of our personal and social worlds. Historically, the largest division between social science methods has been that between quantitative and qualitative measures. For people trained in psychology or sociology, the bias has been toward the former, using surveys and experiments that yield readily comparable numerical results. For people trained in anthropology, it has been toward the latter, using ethnographic observations and interviews that offer richer nuances of meaning but are difficult to compare across societies. Discussing their own endeavors to combine the quantitative with the qualitative, the authors invite readers into a conversation about the best designs and practices of mixed methodologies to stimulate creative ideas and find new pathways of insight. The result is an engaging exploration of a promising new approach to the social sciences.
Methods and Assessment in Culture and Psychology (Culture and Psychology)
by Michael Bender Byron G. AdamsSignificant advancements in methodologies and statistical techniques in cross-cultural psychological research abound, but general practice, education, and most researchers in psychology rarely use them. This leads to misinterpretations, misrepresentations, and prejudice. The authors expertly demonstrate the importance of methodological rigor to safeguard appropriate inferences about similarities and differences, particularly when methods have not been developed in the cultural contexts where they are used. The book features acculturation and identity, including contributions on remote acculturation, religiosity, and organizational contexts. It also covers individual differences and evaluates methodological progress in educational assessment, emotions, motivation, and personality. Methodological and psychometric perspectives on equivalence and bias, as well as measurement invariance in cross-cultural research, are a central theme. From study design to data interpretation, it is essential for psychology, and the social sciences in general, to adopt methods and assessment procedures that are more rigorous for culture-comparative studies.
Methods and Data Analysis for Cross-Cultural Research (Culture and Psychology #116)
by Kwok Leung Fons J. van de VijverThis book gives an up-to-date overview of methodological and data-analytical issues of cross-cultural studies. Written by leading experts in the field, it presents the most important tools for doing cross-cultural research and outlines design considerations, methods, and analytical techniques that can improve ecological validity and help researchers to avoid pitfalls in cross-cultural psychology. By focusing on the relevant research questions that can be tackled with particular methods, it provides practical guidance on how to translate conceptual questions into decisions on study design and statistical techniques. Featuring examples from cognitive and educational assessment, personality, health, and intercultural communication and management, and illustrating key techniques in feature boxes, this concise and accessible guide is essential reading for researchers, graduate students, and professionals who work with culture-comparative data.
Methods and Instruments in the Study of Meaning-Making (Culture in Policy Making: The Symbolic Universes of Social Action)
by Sergio Salvatore Terri Mannarini Giuseppe Alessandro VeltriThis volume develops a theoretical framework for the modelling of meaning-making and cultural processes as crucial to the scientific study of contemporary complex societies. It focuses on the methodological and empirical aspects of the analysis of culture and its dynamics that could be applied to policymaking and to the understanding of social phenomena. It covers culture-based segmentation, ad hoc survey instruments like the VOC and PROSERV questionnaires, discourse flow analysis, the Homogenization of Classification Functions Measurement, and others. It also presents a detailed discussion of the methodology of cultural analysis in contexts of health and education. The volume showcases a top-down approach by including quantitative methods and/or automatized or semi-automatized procedures, and at the same time supports a hermeneutic, bottom-up, abductive approach, focused on the situated dynamics of meaning-making. It provides insights from cultural studies, social statistics, social policy, and research methodology in the social sciences. This is a useful resource for academics involved in studying cultural dynamics and for policy-oriented researchers and decision-makers who are interested in cultural dimensions of the design, implementation and reception of public policies.
Methods and Tactics in Cognitive Science
by James R. Miller Walter Kintsch Peter G. PolsonFirst published in 1984. The editors of this volume are three psychologists whose work has brought them into frequent contact with other disciplines within cognitive science, particularly linguistics and artificial intelligence. Cognitive science is based on the belief that crossing the boundaries of the traditional disciplines is not merely possible, but indeed essential in the study of cognition. The purpose of this volume is to facilitate this interaction among the disciplines that constitute cognitive science, and trying to do this not by an abstract discussion of methodological issues, but by concrete example.
Methods and Uses of Hypnosis and Self-Hypnosis: A Treatise on the Powers of the Subconscious Mind (Psychology Revivals)
by Bernard HollanderOriginally published in 1928, the main object of this book was to draw attention to the importance of hypnotism and its phenomena, in order to stimulate inquiry into what was at the time a ‘mysterious and unexplored subject’. The author had studied hypnotism nearly all his life and practised it for thirty years, he therefore felt the investigations, experiences, and views presented in this title would prove of interest and value both to the medical and psychological expert and the general reader of the time. Today it can be read and enjoyed in its historical context.
Methods for Community-Based Research: Advancing Educational Justice and Epistemic Rights
by María Paula Ghiso Gerald CampanoMethods for Community-Based Research describes how Community-Based Research (CBR) is particularly suited to understand and take action on issues of educational justice.The book shifts assumptions about who is considered a researcher, drawing attention to issues of power and the ethics of collaborations, and foregrounding how those who have often been positioned as the objects of educational interventions can—and have the rights to—play an active role in creating educational arrangements more conducive to their own flourishing.The authors draw on a decade-long partnership across the boundaries of race, language, immigration status, and institutional affiliation to provide examples that illustrate the complexities and possibilities of this work. They distill principles, practices, and ongoing inquiries for researchers to consider across all aspects of the research process.The book supports researchers in creating the conditions for collaborative inquiry into issues of educational (in)justice that are salient to community partners. It will be of interest to advanced undergraduate, graduate students and scholars in education, and other disciplines that utilize a CBR method such as healthcare research and anthropology, as well as scholars interested in qualitative methods and issues of social justice in research.
Methods for Human History: Studying Social, Cultural, and Biological Evolution
by Patrick ManningThis book presents a concise yet comprehensive survey of methods used in the expanding studies of human evolution, paying particular attention to new work on social evolution. The first part of the book presents principal methods for the study of biological, cultural, and social evolution, plus migration, group behavior, institutions, politics, and environment. The second part provides a chronological and analytical account of the development of these methods from 1850 to the present, showing how multidisciplinary rose to link physical, biological, ecological, and social sciences. The work is especially relevant for readers in history and social sciences but will be of interest to readers in biological and ecological fields who are interested in exploring a wide range of evolutionary studies.
Methods for Studying Language Production
by Nan Bernstein Ratner Lise MennIn this volume, which simultaneously honors the career contributions of Jean Berko Gleason and provides an overview of a broad and increasingly important research area, a panel of highly productive language researchers share and evaluate methods of eliciting and analyzing language production across the life span and in varying populations. Chapters address a wide variety of historical and evolving approaches to data collection for the study of morphosyntax, the lexicon, and pragmatics, both laboratory-based and naturalistic. Special concerns that arise in the study of atypical child development, aging, and second language acquisition are a focus of the discussion.
Methods in Alcohol-Related Neuroscience Research (Frontiers in Neuroscience)
by David M. Lovinger Yuan LiuWritten by a panel of experts, Methods in Alcohol-Related Neuroscience Research not only provides information of a technical nature but also gives an overview of the many areas in investigating the effects of alcohol on the brain. It gives technical guidance for investigators doing research at the molecular, cellular, systems, and behavioral levels. These techniques include a wide variety of approaches, ranging from gene mapping and examination of molecular interactions of alcohol at the sub-cellular level to recording of neural activities in freely-behaving animals and imaging alcohol effects on the living human brain.
Methods in Behavioral Research
by Paul C. Cozby Scott C. BatesThis book guides students toward success by helping them study smarter and more efficiently. Supported by SmartBook®, McGraw-Hill Education's adaptive and personalized reading experience, Cozby and Bates provide helpful pedagogy, rich examples, and a clear voice in their approach to methodological decision making.
Methods in Behavioral Research (Eleventh Edition)
by Paul C. Cozby Scott C. BatesMethods in Behavioral Research has achieved its market-leading position with its concise and strategic approach to methodological decision making. Combining helpful pedagogy and rich examples, Cozby's eleventh edition again incorporates learning objectives, illustrative graphics, and activities to increase student involvement. Highlights of the new edition include a broader introduction of different research techniques in Chapter 4, extensive revision of the “validity of measurements̶ section, and updated structural equations models.
Methods in Behavioral Research (Thirteenth Edition)
by Bates CozbyMethods in Behavioral Research continues to guide students toward success by helping them study smarter and more efficiently. In tandem with SmartBook, McGraw-Hill Education’s adaptive and personalized reading experience, Cozby and Bates provide helpful pedagogy, rich examples, and a clear voice in their approach to methodological decision-making.
Methods in Bilingual Reading Comprehension Research
by Jeanette Altarriba Roberto R. Heredia Anna B. CieślickaThe collected essays in this volume present an overview and state-of-the-field of traditional and recently developed methodological approaches to the study of bilingual reading comprehension. It critically reviews and examines major findings from classical behavioral approaches such as the visual moving window, rapid-serial visual presentation (RSVP), and eye-tracking, as well as newly developing neuropsycholinguistic methodologies such as Event-Related Potentials (ERPS), and Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI). Written to address a timely topic, Methods in Bilingual Reading Comprehension Research updates the field of bilingual reading by critically examining the contributions of the various behavioral and technologically-based reading techniques used to understand psychological processes underlying written language comprehension. Each topic is covered first from a theoretical, and then from an experimental, viewpoint. Moreover, the volume contributes to the development and establishment of Bilingual Reading as a subfield of bilingual sentence processing and fills a significant gap in the literature on bilingual language processing and thought. Significantly, Methods in Bilingual Reading Comprehension Research presents an overall view of some of the typical psycholinguistic techniques and approaches, as well as proposing other possible tasks that may prove viable in investigating such theoretical issues as bilingual lexical ambiguity resolution, or how bilingual speakers might resolve multiple sources of potentially conflicting information as they comprehend sentences and discourse during the communicative process. In addition, to aid reader comprehension and encourage readers to acquire "hands on" experience in the creation and development of experiments in the realm of bilingual reading research, each chapter includes a list of key words, suggested student research projects, and questions to both help the reader review the chapter and expand upon the reading. With its comprehensive coverage of a crucial subfield of psycholinguistics and language processing, Methods in Bilingual Reading Comprehension Research is an invaluable and informative resource for all students and researchers in bilingualism, neurolinguistics, bilingual cognition, and other related fields.
Methods in Drug Abuse Research: Cellular and Circuit Level Analyses (Frontiers in Neuroscience)
by Barry D. WaterhouseThe field of drug addiction and substance abuse, which was initially confined to behavioral studies, has broadened dramatically. It now includes a vast array of cellular and molecular approaches as well as sophisticated electrophysiological and neurochemical methodologies that bridge the gap between cellular/molecular events and behavior. In many c