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Personality and Organizations (Organization and Management Series)
by Benjamin Schneider D. Brent SmithPersonality has always been a predictor of performance. This book of original chapters is designed to fulfill a need for a contemporary treatment of human personality in work organizations. Bringing together top scholars in the field, this book provides a comprehensive study of the role of personality in organizational life. Utilizing a personality perspective, scholars review the role of personality in groups, job satisfaction, leadership, stress, motivation, organizational climate and culture, and vocational interests. In addition, the book looks at more classical topics in personality at work, including the measurement of personality, personality-performance linkages, faking, and person-organization fit. Complete in both conceptual material and reviews of the literature across the variety of domains in which personality plays a role at work, this handbook borrows the idea that personality plays out in many ways in organizations and not just a correlate of task performance. The editors believe that this book supports this belief--that personality in its many conceptualizations is a useful lens through which to shed understanding on the broadest array of contemporary topics in industrial/organizational psychology and organizational behavior. Graduate students and researchers interested in the contributions of personality to almost any topic in which they may have interest will find it valuable.
Personality and Person Perception Across Cultures
by Yueh-Ting Lee Clark R. McCauley Juris G. DragunsNeither human nature nor personality can be independent of culture. Human beings share certain social norms or rules within their cultural groups. Over 2000 years ago, Aristotle held that man is by nature a social animal. Similarly, Xun Kuang (298-238 B.C.), a Chinese philosopher, pointed out that humans in social groups can not function without shared guidance or rules. This book is designed to provide readers with a perspective on how people are different from, and similar to, each other --both within and across cultures. One of its goals is to offer a practical guide for people preparing to interact with those whose cultural background is different from their own.
Personality and Personal Growth
by Robert Frager James FadimanWith a newly revised and streamlined organization, the Sixth Edition maintains its cross-cultural, global, and gender-balanced perspectives while emphasizing humanistic and transpersonal psychologists in its exploration of the positive aspects of major personality theorists, stressing each one's relevance for personal understanding. Highly praised for its exceptionally well-written style and accessibility, this book encourages and supports readers in using themselves as the primary touchstone for each theory. Each chapter gives readers opportunities to validate their insights through direct experience, and, by observing their own reactions, come to their own conclusions about the utility and value of each theory. a newly revised, and a Companion Website For professionals with a career in psychology, sociology, and/or social work.
Personality and Personality Disorders: The Science of Mental Health (The Science of Mental Health #7)
by Steven HymanFirst published in 2001. This is Volume 7 in a series of ten on the Science of Mental Health. One of the most challenging areas of behavioral research is the study of personality and personality disorders. The main challenge can be stated directly: it is difficult to know with certainty which personality traits are fundamental and which are complex elaborations of fundamental traits. This is a collection of works under the sections of Description, Epidemiology, Genes and Environment, Peers and Neighborhoods, Neurobiology and Behavior and Treatment.
Personality and Psychological Disorders
by Caroline Davis Gordon ClaridgeIn recent years, the assumption that there is a significant connection between normal psychological and biological differences and the development of psychological disorders has grown and research in this area has developed rapidly.This textbook, written by internationally known psychologists with expertise in both the areas of abnormal and differential psychology, aims to integrate evidence and idea from healthy personality and temperament on the one hand and psychological disorders on the other. This is achieved by viewing personality traits as predispositions to disorder, and by questioning how far the causes of various disorders can be seen as an extension or exaggeration of processes underlying normal personality or temperament. These main themes are discussed using a biological perspective, i.e., based on the theory that personality can be deconstructed into a number of basic dimensions (of biological origin) that also act as vulnerability factors for disorder.This is a second-level textbook for undergraduate students of psychology, but will also be recommended for health professionals and their trainees, psychiatrists, clinical psychologists and nurses.
Personality and Psychopathology
by Craig PiersWith his penetrating theory of personality and his nuanced understanding of the psychotherapeutic relationship, David Shapiro has influenced clinicians across the theoretical spectrum since the publication of Neurotic Styles in 1965. This influence is on vivid display in Personality and Psychopathology, as noted contemporary theorists critically evaluate his work in a fascinating dialogue with Shapiro himself. Starting with a crucial therapeutic observation--the centrality of the relationship between what the client says in session and how it is said--contributors revisit his core concepts regarding personality development, the prevolitional aspects of psychopathology, the limits to self-understanding, and the defensive uses of self-deception in light of current psychodynamic, evolutionary, and systems theory. Shapiro's replies, and the contributors' rejoinders, highlight points of departure and agreement and provide further clarification and extension of his ideas on a wide range of salient topics, including: The experience of autonomy in schizophrenia. Defensive thinking to prevent dreaded states of mind. The linguistics of self-deceptive speech. Self-deception as a reproductive strategy. Intentionality and craving in addiction. The subjective experience of hypomania. Personality and Psychopathology affords psychotherapists and research psychologists not only a unique opportunity to gain insight into Shapiro's contributions, but also new lenses for re-examining their own work.
Personality and Psychopathology
by Jennifer L. Tackett Robert F. KruegerTraditionally, personality and psychopathology have been distinct areas of inquiry. This important volume reviews influential research programs that increasingly bridge the gap between the two areas. Presented are compelling perspectives on whether certain personality traits or structures confer risks for mental illness, how temperament interacts with other influences on psychological adaptation, links between personality disorders and mood and anxiety disorders, implications for effective intervention, and more.
Personality and Social Behavior (Frontiers of Social Psychology)
by Frederick RhodewaltThe study of the relationship between the person and the situation has had a long history in psychology. Many theories of personality are set on an interpersonal stage and many social phenomena are played out differently as the cast of characters change. At times the study of persons and situations has been contentious, however, recent interest in process models of personality and social interaction have focused on the ways people navigate, influence, and are influenced by their social worlds. Personality and Social Behavior contains a series of essays on topics where a transactional analysis of the person and situation has proved most fruitful. Contributions span the personality and social psychology spectrum and include such topics as new units in personality; neuroscience perspectives on interpersonal personality; social and interpersonal frameworks for understanding the self and self-esteem; and personality process analyses of romantic relationships, prejudice, health, and leadership. This volume provides essential reading for researchers with an interest in this core topic in social psychology and may also be used as a text on related upper-level courses.
Personality and Social Psychology at the Interface: New Directions for Interdisciplinary Research: A Special Issue of personality and Social Psychology Review
by Marilynn B. Brewer David A. Kenny Julie K. NoremThis special issue provides a view of the past, present, and future of the field of personality and social psychology as an interdisciplinary endeavor. Collectively, the articles illustrate the vital contributions that can be made pursuing the reciprocal connections between personality/social psychology and psychobiology; developmental psychology; comparative psychology and evolutionary biology; clinical and health psychology; communication studies; organizational studies and systems theory; and cultural anthropology. The papers reflect the collective past and present of the field and set an agenda for a collective future.
Personality and the Fate of Organizations
by Robert HoganPersonality and performance are intricately linked, and personality has proven to have a direct influence on an individual's leadership ability and style, team performance, and overall organizational effectiveness. In Personality and the Fate of Organizations, author Robert Hogan offers a systematic account of the nature of personality, showing how to use personality to understand organizations and to understand, evaluate, select, deselect, and train people. This book brings insights from a leading industrial organizational psychologist who asserts that personality is real, and that it determines the careers of individuals and the fate of organizations. The author’s goal is to increase the reader’s ability to understand other people—how they are alike, how they are different, and why they do what they do. Armed with this understanding, readers will be able to pursue their personal, social, and organizational goals more efficiently. A practical reference, this text is extremely useful for MBA students and for all those studying organizational psychology and leadership.
Personality and the Fate of Organizations
by Robert HoganArguing that personality and performance are intricately linked, Hogan offers a systematic account of the nature of personality, showing how to use personality to understand, evaluate, select, deselect, train and understand organizations. He contends that by better understanding other people, readers will be able to pursue their personal, social and organizational goals more efficiently.
Personality and the Foundations of Political Behavior
by Jeffery J. MondakPersonality and the Foundations of Political Behavior is the first study in more than 30 years to investigate the broad significance of personality traits for mass political behavior. Drawing on the Big Five personality trait framework, Jeffery J. Mondak argues that attention to personality provides a valuable means to integrate biological and environmental influences in rich, nuanced theories and empirical tests of the antecedents of political behavior. Development of such holistic accounts is critical, Mondak contends, if inquiry is to move beyond simple "blank slate" environmental depictions of political engagement. Analyses examining multiple facets of political information, political attitudes, and participation reveal that the Big Five trait dimensions - openness to experience, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and emotional stability - produce both direct and indirect effects on a wide range of political phenomena.
Personality and the Prediction of Job Performance: More Than the Big Five: A Special Issue of Human Performance
by Walter C. BormanThe three primary papers in this special issue explore personality measurement in both directions, that is, more narrow and specific and more broad and heterogeneous. The first paper reviews research on conditional reasoning, with a focus on the construct of aggression. Next, tolerance for contradiction is explored, which is defined as a mode of thinking that accepts and even thrives on apparent contradictory information. The last primary paper covers core self evaluation, which combines measures of four traits: locus of control, self-esteem, generalized self-efficacy, and emotional stability. The special issue concludes with provocative and insightful critique and commentary of the three primary papers. It notes some important points of criticism, but is primarily positive and laudatory of these research programs.
Personality and Well-being Across the Life-Span
by Marek BlatnýBoth an individual's personality and well-being are important throughout their lives. This book explores the current research on links between personality predictors of well-being and social adjustment using empirical studies to suggest that their influence can vary depending on the key developmental stage.
Personality, Appearance and Speech (Routledge Revivals)
by T. H. PearFirst published in 1957, Personality. Appearance and Speech is an intensive analysis of personality reflected by appearance and speech. It is a most fascinating study of the innumerable outward signs by which the man in the street judges personality. The author considers the effects this has on daily life; for example, can a person’s real character be assessed by a short interview in which personality, counting for so much, can be altered deliberately to no little extent? He describes many investigations which have attempted to discover experimentally the nature and accuracy of personality and character assessments, and includes personality sketches of F. D. Roosevelt, W. E. Gladstone, and of other prominent figures. He discusses the social results of the microphone and the effect on good and bad taste, of opinions widely expressed by listeners and viewers. The nature and function of the intellectuals who have increasing opportunities of affecting appearance and speech, are examined from the psychologist’s standpoint. This book will be of interest to students of psychology, sociology and social behaviour.
Personality as a Factor Affecting the Use of Language Learning Strategies: The Case of University Students (Second Language Learning and Teaching)
by Jakub Przybył Mirosław PawlakThe book explores the relationships between the personality traits of Polish university students learning English as a foreign language and their use of language learning strategies (LLS). It provides a solid theoretical background for the investigation of the interface between the two constructs, describes the applied analytical procedures in detail, and reports the results and implications of a large-scale study. Chapter 1 presents multiple perspectives on the investigation of human personality and presents insights from a selection of studies into the role of personality in foreign language learning. Chapter 2 addresses the construct of LLS, while Chapter 3 links strategy use to other individual learner characteristics, with a focus on personality. Chapter 4 sets the methodological framework for the empirical investigation, describes the rationale for conducting the study, and includes a thorough description of analytical procedures. Chapter 5 presents the results of the study and highlights their pedagogical implications. Finally, limitations of the study are presented and some directions for future research are suggested. The monograph will be of interest to scholars investigating the role of personality in SLA as well as graduate and postgraduate students in applied linguistics.
Personality as an Affect-processing System: Toward An Integrative Theory
by Jack BlockAt least since Hippocrates, human beings have been trying to describe and analyze the behavioral and cognitive consistencies now referred to as personality. And in recent decades, no less than in the preceding centuries, they have generated a bewildering variety of construals and constructs. In this landmark book, Jack Block, who has spent more than 50 years studying the many facets of personality, takes a long look at current debates and finds common ground on which to construct an integrative model. Perceiving more congruence among disparate formulations than has hitherto been appreciated, he elaborates his vision of personality as an adaptive system that enables the individual to maintain equilibrium in an environment that is both threatening and engaging. Taking in and organizing information and maintaining nondisruptive levels of anxiety while responding to outer and inner demands are the tasks of this system, which consists of a perceptual apparatus and a control apparatus operating in delicate balance. After presenting his model of personality, Block discusses its intellectual history and its connections to major current alternatives. He lays out some implications for practitioners confronted by dysfunction. Finally, he traces the developmental origins of personality. Provocative, innovative, and analytical, Personality as an Affect-Processing System: Toward an Integrative Theory points to new directions for all those who seek to understand human psychological functioning.
Personality Assessment
by Robert P. Archer Steven R. SmithPersonality Assessment provides an overview of the most popular self-report and performance-based personality assessment instruments. Designed with graduate-level clinical and counseling psychology programs in mind, the book serves as an instructional text for courses in objective or projective personality assessment. It provides coverage of eight of the most popular assessment instruments used in the United States—from authors key in creating, or developing the research base for these test instruments. The uniquely informed perspective of these leading researchers, as well as chapters on clinical interviewing, test feedback, and integrating test results into a comprehensive report, will offer students and clinicians a level of depth and complexity not available in other texts.
Personality Assessment
by Robert P. Archer Steven R. SmithThe first edition of Personality Assessment provided an overview of the most popular self-report and performance-based personality assessment instruments. The chapter authors were key members in creating or developing the research base for the eight test instruments covered in the book. The text was geared with graduate-level clinical, school, and counseling psychology courses in mind. While still retaining all the attractive features of the first edition, this revision will reflect the advances in the field since 2008. Chapter contributors updated and expanded on reliability and validity data, clinical utility, multicultural considerations, and implications for therapeutic assessment. Another distinctive feature of this second edition is a companion website that features ancillary materials such as PowerPoints and test banks.
Personality Assessment: A critical survey (Psychology Revivals)
by Philip E. VernonOriginally published in 1964, the aim of this book was to analyse the psychological processes involved in understanding personality, and to consider how the psychologist could help in making more accurate assessments. Professor Vernon discusses in detail the scientific status of psychoanalytic and other ‘depth’ theories of motivation, the value of different types of psychotherapeutic treatment and counselling, the influence of upbringing on the development of personality, and the effectiveness of projective techniques. He also examines the reasons for the highly variable results obtained with personality tests and questionnaires. As well as providing a balanced review of theories of personality and of various types of test, this work made a fresh contribution to developing improved techniques of assessment.
Personality Assessment in America: A Retrospective on the Occasion of the Fiftieth Anniversary of the Society for Personality Assessment
by Edwin I. Megargee and Charles D. SpielbergerWhereas most psychology books discuss current or future trends, this one focuses on the past. It consists of a collection of important and historically significant writings by a select group of men and women who, over the past 50 years, were honored by their colleagues for their distinguished contributions to the field of personality assessment. Published from 1939 through 1989, most of the papers were SPA Presidential addresses or presentations by the recipients of the Society's Distinguished Contributions Award. Taken as a whole, they provide a unique perspective on the evolution of personality assessment in America from the perspective of those who have made important contributions to that history. The writings are not merely of historical interest, but intrinsically important scientific contributions, some of which were in danger of being lost or forgotten. The editors feel it is important to preserve and pass on this valuable legacy for the education and edification of later generations. It is not only its historical perspective that makes this book unique. This book provides first-hand discussions of crucial issues in personality assessment written by the gifted men and women who were actually grappling with these problems at the time, without knowing what the outcomes would be. Readers will find that these papers provide insights not only into the conflicts and controversies, but also into the ideas, attitudes, and emotions of the men and women who took part in them.
Personality Assessment in Depth: A Casebook (Personality and Clinical Psychology)
by Marshall L. SilversteinComprised of five unique and extended case studies, Personality Assessment in Depth examines contemporary clinical problems that are familiar to clinicians, but have not been explored extensively in the personality assessment field. Each case study demonstrates the test protocols of the Rorschach test, Thematic Apperception Test, MMPI or MCMI, and Human Figure Drawings. Important clinical questions and areas of theoretical concern are examined, including differential diagnosis of disorders of affect and personality in light of contemporary viewpoints about these disturbances, personality and adaptation accompanying neuropsychological deficit, and stages of development, including differentiating these from personality characteristics viewed longitudinally, the latter demonstrated by a noteworthy comparison of two evaluations of the same patient, first as a 15-year-old adolescent and then as a 25-year-old adult. A battery of performance and self report personality instruments are applied to the cases, allowing the author to integrate findings across multiple tests and thereby expose clinical psychology students to personality assessment in a broad perspective. Cases are discussed comprehensively, relying on a thorough consideration of thematic content examined alongside formal test scores. Further, the Rorschach findings are examined using both the Exner Comprehensive System and the recently-introduced Rorschach Performance Assessment System approaches. The cases are considered using a broad psychodynamic framework for interpretation, employing classical ego psychology, object relations, and self psychological theoretical perspectives. This is an essential casebook for professionals and students, demonstrating the depth and richness of personality considered alongside the empirical foundations of personality assessment.
Personality Assessment Paradigms and Methods: A Collaborative Reassessment of Madeline G
by Christopher J. Hopwood Mark H. WaughThis book is an update of Paradigms of Personality Assessment by Jerry Wiggins (2003, Guilford), a landmark volume in the personality assessment literature. The first half of Wiggins (2003) described five major paradigms: psychodynamic (as exemplified by the Rorschach and TAT), narrative (interview data), interpersonal (circumplex instruments), multivariate (five-factor instruments), and empirical (MMPI). In the second half of the book, expert representatives of each paradigm interpreted test data from the same patient, Madeline. In this follow-up, personality experts describe innovations in each of the major paradigms articulated by Wiggins since the time of his book, including the advancement of therapeutic assessment, validation of the Rorschach Performance Assessment System, development of a multimethod battery for integrated interpersonal assessment, publication of the Restructured Form of the MMPI-2, and integration of multivariate Five-Factor Model instruments with personality disorder diagnosis. These innovations are highlighted in a reassessment of Madeline 17 years later. This book, which provides a rich demonstration of trans-paradigmatic multimethod assessment by leading scholars in the personality assessment field in the context of one of the most interesting and thorough case studies in the history of clinical assessment, will be a useful resource for students, researchers, and practicing clinicians.
Personality Assessment with ID37: Motivation and the Ability to Self-Direct
by Thomas Staller Cornelia KirschkeThis book offers a practical approach to fostering self-efficacy and improving understanding of others’ behavior. The authors introduce the ID37 instrument as a psychological model and assessment procedure for analyzing personalities and motivations, showing how exploring one’s own personality can lead to more effective self-direction, greater satisfaction with life, and more profound success. By combining aspects of motivational psychology with practical diagnostics application, the book aims to demonstrate the practical benefits of motivation analysis on understanding identity formation and development. Among the topics addressed:Personality traits and statesMotivation-driven actionThe 16 motives and their impactObstacles to achieving satisfactionCase studies from business coaching, leadership, and HR management scenarios · Including the basics on motivational psychology as well as a variety of case studies and practical tips for day-to-day work, The ID37 Personality Analysis is a useful reference for students and researchers interested in personality development as well as HR managers and leaders looking to deepen their knowledge of motivational psychology.
The Personality Brokers: The Strange History of Myers-Briggs and the Birth of Personality Testing
by Merve EmreAn unprecedented history of a personality test devised in the 1940s by a mother and daughter, both homemakers, that has achieved cult-like status and is used in today's most distinguished boardrooms, classrooms, and beyond.The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator is the most popular personality test in the world. It has been harnessed by Fortune 100 companies, universities, hospitals, churches, and the military. Its language--of extraversion vs. introversion, thinking vs. feeling--has inspired online dating platforms and BuzzFeed quizzes alike. And yet despite the test's widespread adoption, experts in the field of psychometric testing, a $500 million industry, struggle to account for its success--no less to validate its results. How did the Myers-Briggs test insinuate itself into our jobs, our relationships, our Internet, our lives? First conceived in the 1920s by the mother-daughter team of Katherine Briggs and Isabel Briggs Myers, a pair of aspiring novelists and devoted homemakers, the Myers-Briggs was designed to bring the gospel of Carl Jung to the masses. But it would take on a life of its own, reaching from the smoke-filled boardrooms of mid-century New York to Berkeley, California, where it was honed against some of the twentieth century's greatest creative minds. It would travel across the world to London, Zurich, Cape Town, Melbourne, and Tokyo; to elementary schools, nunneries, wellness retreats, and the closed-door corporate training sessions of today. Drawing from original reporting and never-before-published documents, The Personality Brokers examines nothing less than the definition of the self--our attempts to grasp, categorize, and quantify our personalities. Surprising and absorbing, the book, like the test at its heart, considers the timeless question: What makes you you?