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Purpose and Cognition
by Carroll David W.This book discusses the development of Edward Tolman's purposive behaviourism from the 1920s to the 1950s, highlighting the tension between his references to cognitive processes and the dominant behaviourist trends. It shows how Tolman incorporated concepts from European scholars, including Egon Brunswik and the Gestalt psychologists, to justify a more purposive form of behaviourism and how the theory evolved in response to the criticisms of his contemporaries. The manuscript also discusses Tolman's political activities, culminating in his role in the California loyalty oath controversy in the 1950s. Tolman was involved in a number of progressive causes during his lifetime, activities that drew the attention of both state legislators in California and the Federal Bureau of Investigation. It treats Tolman's theoretical and political activities as emanating from the same source, a desire to understand the learning process in a scientific manner and to apply these concepts to improve the human condition.
Purpose in Life
by Kendall Cotton BronkThis volume integrates and makes sense of the growing body of theoretical and empirical research conducted on purpose across the lifespan. It opens with a comprehensive yet detailed discussion of the definitions of purpose most commonly used in studies on the topic. In addition to defining the construct, the author also discusses its philosophical roots and distinguishes it from related concepts, including meaning, goals, and ultimate concerns. This volume discusses the disparate perspectives on the construct and addresses the tendency to position purpose in the broader frame of positive psychology. It synthesizes distinct strands of research on purpose across the lifespan, it explores studies on the daily and longer-term experience of a purposeful existence, and it delves deeply into the wide range of measurement tools that have been used to assess the purpose construct. Further, it examines the prevalence and forms of purpose among diverse groups of youth and discusses the developmental trajectory of the construct. Other topics discussed include the central role of purpose in supporting optimal well-being and positive youth development. The book closes with empirically-supported steps adults, educators, and mentors can take to effectively and intentionally foster purpose among young people and makes recommendations for future research on the topic.
Purposeful Curiosity: How asking the right questions will change your life
by Dr Dr Costas AndriopoulosOpen your mind to radical curiosity and be inspired by the journeys of curious and inquisitive people in order to push boundaries, make new discoveries and find meaning and purpose in your own life.This audiobook offers a masterclass in the power of purposeful curiosity to succeed and lead a fulfilled life. Dr Costas Andriopoulos has spent the last five years interviewing the most curious minds working today, focused on people who have harnessed their inquisitive minds and innovative thinking to achieve great things across a variety of fields. In this audiobook he explores the way these special people have channelled and fed their curiosity with purpose and weaves in gripping insights and advice from the interviews along with cutting-edge research from psychology, neuroscience, management, history, sociology and anthropology to illuminate the purposefully curious approach. Packed with practical tools alongside the fascinating narrative, the audiobook offers Dr Andriopoulos' nine essential lessons that will allow you to make use of curiosity in your own life to empower you - whatever your journey - and help you replicate the experiences of others to reach your goals and thrive.(P) 2022 Hodder & Stoughton Limited
Purposeful Curiosity: How asking the right questions will change your life
by Dr Dr Costas AndriopoulosThis book offers a masterclass in the power of purposeful curiosity to succeed and lead a fulfilled life. Dr Costas Andriopoulos has spent the last five years interviewing the most curious minds working today, focused on people who have harnessed their inquisitive minds and innovative thinking to achieve great things across a variety of fields. In this book he explores the way these special people have channelled and fed their curiosity with purpose and weaves in gripping insights and advice from the interviews along with cutting-edge research from psychology, neuroscience, management, history, sociology and anthropology to illuminate the purposefully curious approach. Packed with practical tools alongside the fascinating narrative, the book offers Dr Andriopoulos' nine essential lessons that will allow you to make use of curiosity in your own life to empower you - whatever your journey - and help you replicate the experiences of others to reach your goals and thrive.
Pursuing Perfection: Eating Disorders, Body Myths, and Women at Midlife and Beyond
by Joe Kelly Margo MaineIn Pursuing Perfection, authors Margo Maine and Joe Kelly explore the emotional, social and cultural factors behind the ongoing epidemic of disordered eating and body image despair in adult women at midlife and beyond. Written from a biopsychosocial and feminist perspective, Pursuing Perfection describes the many issues women encounter as they navigate a rapidly changing culture that promotes unhealthy standards for beauty and appearance. This updated and expanded edition (originally published as The Body Myth: Adult Women and the Pressure to Be Perfect) is a unique guide for anyone seeking practical tools and strategies for adult women looking to establish health and body acceptance.
The Pursuit of Attention Power and Ego in Everyday Life (Second Edition)
by Charles DerberIn this book, Charles Derber argues that there is a general lack of social support in today's America, one which causes people to vie hungrily for attention. This book analyses the pursuit of attention in conversation--as well as in politics and celebrity culture--and demonstrates the ultimate importance of gender, class, and racial differences in competing for attention.
The Pursuit of Excellence Through Education (Educational Psychology Series)
by Michel FerrariAlthough specific definitions may change over time, few goals are considered more important to education than the pursuit of academic excellence. There are many different viewpoints on this issue today among educational psychologists and other social scientists. One particularly glaring fault line in the debate divides those who emphasize developing individual learning and those who focus on promoting cultural and institutional reform. These two perspectives are rarely addressed in a single volume. In this book, well-known theorists and researchers present a range of perspectives on how to promote excellence in education. This allows those who stress transformation of educational practice and those who emphasize individual abilities to speak to each, and invites readers to jointly consider the arguments for both positions, or for some synthesis of the two. The point is to consider how these two divergent viewpoints can be reconciled, or simply coordinated, in an effort to benefit both students and society at large. The main thesis is that excellence can be fostered without sacrificing equity, both of which are fundamental tenets of a democratic education. The issues addressed in this book have implications and relevance for school reform efforts and across the fields of educational psychology, curriculum and instruction, philosophy of education, and educational leadership. The volume provides a unique source for students and teachers in various disciplines who want to gain a broader and more integrated view of the nature and development of excellence through education.
The Pursuit of Happyness: The Life Story That Inspired the Major Motion Picture
by Chris Gardner Quincy TroupeThe astounding yet true rags-to-riches saga of a homeless father who raised and cared for his son on the mean streets of San Francisco and went on to become a crown prince of Wall StreetAt the age of twenty, Milwaukee native Chris Gardner, just out of the Navy, arrived in San Francisco to pursue a promising career in medicine. Considered a prodigy in scientific research, he surprised everyone and himself by setting his sights on the competitive world of high finance. Yet no sooner had he landed an entry-level position at a prestigious firm than Gardner found himself caught in a web of incredibly challenging circumstances that left him as part of the city's working homeless and with a toddler son. Motivated by the promise he made to himself as a fatherless child to never abandon his own children, the two spent almost a year moving among shelters, "HO-tels," soup lines, and even sleeping in the public restroom of a subway station. Never giving in to despair, Gardner made an astonishing transformation from being part of the city's invisible poor to being a powerful player in its financial district. More than a memoir of Gardner's financial success, this is the story of a man who breaks his own family's cycle of men abandoning their children. Mythic, triumphant, and unstintingly honest, The Pursuit of Happyness conjures heroes like Horatio Alger and Antwone Fisher, and appeals to the very essence of the American Dream.
The Pursuit of Human Well-Being
by Richard J. Estes M. Joseph SirgyThis handbook informs the reader about how much progress we, the human race, have made in enhancing the quality of life on this planet. Many skeptics focus on how the quality of life has deteriorated over the course of human history, particularly given World War II and its aftermath. This handbook provides a positive perspective on the history of well-being. Quality of life, as documented by scientists worldwide, has significantly improved. Nevertheless, one sees more improvements in well-being in some regions of the world than in others. Why? This handbook documents the progress of well-being in the various world regions as well as the differences in those regions. The broad questions that the handbook addresses include: - What does well-being mean? - How do different philosophical and religious traditions interpret the concept of well-being within their own context? - Has well-being remained the same over different historical epochs and for different regions and subregions of the world? - In which areas of human development have we been most successful in advancing individual and collective well-being? In which sectors has the attainment of well-being proven most difficult? - How does well-being differ within and between different populations groups that, for a variety of socially created reasons, have been the most disadvantaged (e. g. , children, the aged, women, the poor, racial, ethnic, and sexual minorities)?
The Pursuit Of Meaning: Viktor Frankl, Logotherapy, And Life
by Joseph B. Fabry Viktor E. FranklContains the essence of the logotherapeutic writings of Viktor Frankl, who noted that many readers report that they understand some parts of logotherapy for the first time after reading this book. Fabry wrote in the introduction: Many older therapies place responsibility for our difficulties on our early upbringing. Logotherapy is "education to responsibility." Outside influences are important but not all-determining. Within limitations we have a say about who we are and who we want to become. We need never let ourselves be reduced to helpless victims. Consequently, logotherapy-unlike therapies that aim at equilibrium by adjusting patients to society-does not see a tensionless life as a therapeutic goal. Tension is part of living as a human being in a human society. To remain healthy, the unhealthy tensions of body and psyche are to be avoided. But the healthy tension of the spirit strengthens our spiritual muscles. The healthiest tension is between what we are and what we have the vision of growing toward, or, to use Frankl's favorite phrase, "the tension between being and meaning" (Psychotherapy and Existentialism, p. 10). The struggle for meaning is not easy. Life does not owe us pleasure; it does offer us meaning. Mental health does not come to those who demand happiness but to those who find meanings; to them happiness comes as a side product. "It must ensue" noted Frankl. "It cannot be pursued" (Unconscious God, p. 85). Logotherapy maintains and restores mental health by providing a sound view of the human being and the world as we know it. It draws on the huge reservoir of health stored in our specifically human dimension-our creativity, our capacity to love, our reaching out to others, our desire to be useful, our ability to orient to goals, and our will to meaning. Logophilosophy emphasizes what is right with us, what we like about ourselves, our accomplishments, and our peak experiences. It also considers the qualities we dislike so we may change them, our failures so we can learn from them, our abysses so we may lift ourselves up, knowing that peaks exist and can be reached.
The Pursuit of Pleasure: Overcoming a Civilizational Challenge
by Arsen Dallan Karlen DallakyanThis important book unveils how the pleasure principle has taken humanity hostage to the powers of branding and consumerism, steering our most basic desires. Radically re-evaluating the notion of pleasure and arguing for a deep societal change, it shows the way to a new humanist culture.
The Pursuit of Time and Money: Step into Radical Abundance and Discover the Secret to a Meaningful Prosperous Life
by Sharon L. SpanoThe Pursuit of Time and Money explores the relationship between time and money and how those hidden dimensions impact perspectives and choices. The goal is to help people in business transform their relationship with time and money so they can let go of fear and scarcity and experience a more meaningful and prosperous experience of life. Sharon Spano explores the paradox of time and money from a human developmental lens that supports people in transformational change.
Push Back!: How to Take a Stand Against Groupthink, Bullies, Agitators, and Professional Manipulators
by B. K. EakmanHow many times have you had the unsettling experience of being treated as a troublemaker as soon as you question or raise an objection to a school policy, a textbook, a course of study, a new county regulation, or a community proposal?Every day, attendees of conferences, community forums, PTA meetings, and board meetings are made to feel uncomfortable and occasionally foolish by the person or persons leading the meeting. The speakers, moderators, or provocateurs-whom author B. K. Eakman refers to as professional manipulators-hold power over the room and know how to steer the discussion back to their agendas without ever answering audience questions or addressing their concerns. These people use techniques to ostracize those brave enough to stand and question or criticize them.With Push Back!, readers will be able to counter group manipulation tactics by learning to:Recognize psychologically controlled environmentsIdentify the professional agitator/provocateurExamine components of psych warUndercut faulty, distorted, and biased arguments of opponentsSquelch techniques used to rebuff audience members who complain or balkNeutralize consensus-building techniquesAnd much more
Put Anxiety Behind You: The Complete Drug-Free Program
by Peter BongiornoAn all-natural, practical program for anxiety relief from the naturopathic doctor and author of How Come They&’re Happy and I&’m Not. With twenty years of research on the subject and more than a decade of helping patients free themselves from the grip of anxiety, naturopathic physician Peter Bongiorno now shares the insights, information, and tools you need to beat anxiety naturally. Taking all aspects of the mind and body into consideration, Bongiorno looks for and addresses the underlying causes of different types of anxiety disorders, and helps readers consider and develop new anti-anxiety habits. If you're one of the forty million Americans trying to stop panic attacks or overcome social anxiety, learn how to safely wean yourself off of medication and consider naturopathy treatment. In addition to case studies and a handy instruction guide, you&’ll find information on: Food, vitamins, and herbs for anxietyAnxiety-reducing yoga poses and massage techniquesAcupressure points
Put Away: Institutions for the Mentally Retarded (International Library Of Sociology Ser.)
by Pauline MorrisThis classic book allows its readers for the first time to comprehend the size, organization, staffing and operation of a national system of hospitals and residential services for the subnormal. It also allows for the first time, reliable estimates to be given of the scale and severity of certain problems. The basis has been laid for an evaluation of the effectiveness of hospitals for the subnormal. All this has been made possible by a generous grant from the National Society for Mentally Handicapped Children to the Department of Sociology in the University of Essex upon the foundation of the University. Of course, a great deal of further research remains to be done but a preliminary network of information is now available to all those deeply concerned about the handicapped.This is a study of the range and quality of institutional provisions made in England and Wales for that group of handicapped individuals who are known as mentally deficient. Dr. Morris reports on an investigation, which covered nearly half the hospitals for the sub-normal in the country: many of its findings can only shock and dismay.The investigation was concerned to discover what facilities-physical, occupational and educational-there was for patients, and to learn more about their social environment. It was also concerned to determine the extent to which both staff and patients are affected by their social environment, and by administrative action, and to learn something of the relationship between the hospital as an institution and the outside community, as well as between the patients and the outside world. In addition, it examined the extent to which the provisions and facilities available met the needs of the patients in relation to their physical and mental handicaps.
Put Your Heart on Paper: Staying Connected In A Loose-Ends World
by Henriette Anne KlauserPut Your Heart On Paper is filled with the inspiring true stories of what happens when people write from their hearts: the shared insights, the new beginnings, the dreams that miraculously come true. In 50 provocative short chapters, acclaimed author Henriette Klauser shows the power of the written word in everyday life -- bringing together parents and children, strengthening personal bonds, mending hurt feelings, solving problems, sharing joys, preserving family history -- and offers tools and tips to get you started right away. Putting your heart on paper does not require special talent, a lot of time or training. All you need is a willingness to be yourself and to be open with others. Nauser's energizing examples show how to get going and keep going past the fear and doubt -- and offer dozens of ideas to try. From a note tucked in a lunchbox to an interactive journal, from love letters to apologies to a three-minute poem, Put Your Heart On Paper shows us how to find a direct line from our deepest thoughts to another's heart.(From the Trade Paperback edition.)
Put Yourself in Their Shoes
by Barbara MeltzWouldn't parenting be easier if you could see into the mind of your child?Learn to hear what your child can't or won't tell you--and Understand Behavior Build Values Nurture Closeness Solve ProblemsIn her popular Boston Globe column "Child Caring," Barbara Meltz has been writing about real-life parenting issues for more than a decade. She has found that instead of divorce or moving--the situations parents think of as stressful--children's concerns are often linked to commonplace events such as sleepovers or the first day of school.In this wise, compassionate book, Meltz offers parents a unique window into their child's inner life. She includes candid, illuminating observations from kids themselves and offers advice on what to ask, listen for, or observe to decode puzzling behavior. . . how to get a child to talk about his or her problems. . . and how to find the best way to solve conflicts. By focusing on developmental trouble spots, not age, her approach is as helpful to the parents of a two-year-old as to those of a twelve-year-old. From keeping secrets to going to camp to larger issues, such as stealing or death in the family, Put Yourself in Their Shoes offers a way to see inside a child's world--and help to make it safe and strong.From the Trade Paperback edition.
Puta Life: Seeing Latinas, Working Sex (Dissident Acts)
by Juana María RodríguezIn Puta Life, Juana María Rodríguez probes the ways that sexual labor and Latina sexuality become visual phenomena. Drawing on state archives, illustrated biographies, documentary films, photojournalistic essays, graphic novels, and digital spaces, she focuses on the figure of the puta—the whore, that phantasmatic figure of Latinized feminine excess. Rodríguez’s eclectic archive features the faces and stories of women whose lives have been mediated by sex work's stigmatization and criminalization—washerwomen and masked wrestlers, porn stars and sexiles. Rodríguez examines how visual tropes of racial and sexual deviance expose feminine subjects to misogyny and violence, attuning our gaze to how visual documentation shapes perceptions of sexual labor. Throughout this poignant and personal text, Rodríguez brings the language of affect and aesthetics to bear upon understandings of gender, age, race, sexuality, labor, disability, and migration. Highlighting the criminalization and stigmatization that surrounds sex work, she lingers on those traces of felt possibility that might inspire more ethical forms of relation and care.
Putins digitale Front und die Wahrheit dahinter
by Steven BroschartPutins Krieg in der Ukraine wird nicht nur auf dem Schlachtfeld ausgetragen. Gekämpft wird auch an der digitalen Front. Worte und Informationen sind die Munition der modernen, der hybriden Kriegsführung - gegen das gegnerische Militär, aber insbesondere gegen Zivilisten. Es geht um Manipulation und Kontrolle. Um Verwirrung und Ablenkung von dem, was wirklich geschieht. Doch das Internet wird nicht nur zur Propaganda, sondern auch für die Aufklärung und die Logistik genutzt. Und dabei hinterlässt Russland eine Menge Spuren. Analyst Steven Broschart zeigt konkret, welche psychologischen und kommunikativen Mittel an Putins digitaler Frontlinie zum Einsatz kommen.
Putnam Camp: Sigmund Freud, James Jackson Putnam and the Purpose of American Psychology
by George ProchnikWinner of the 2007 Gradiva AwardAn innovative work of biography that traces the lasting impact of the friendship between Sigmund Freud and pioneering American psychologist James Jackson Putnam. In 1909 Sigmund Freud made his only visit to America, which included a trip to "Putnam Camp"-the eminent American psychologist James Jackson Putnam's family retreat in the Adirondacks. "Of all the things that I have experienced in America, this is by far the most amazing," Freud wrote of Putnam Camp. Putnam, a Boston Unitarian, and Freud, a Viennese Jew, came from opposite worlds, cherished polarized ambitions, and promoted seemingly irreconcilable visions of human nature-and yet they struck up an unusually fruitful collaboration. Putnam's unimpeachable reputation played a crucial role in legitimizing the psychoanalytic movement. By the time of Putnam's death in 1918, psychoanalysis had been launched in America, where-in large part thanks to the influence of Putnam, and in a development Freud had not anticipated-it went on to become a practice that moved beyond the vicissitudes of desire to cultivate the growth and spiritual aspirations of the individual as a whole. Putnam Camp reveals details of Putnam's and Freud's personal lives that have never been fully explored before, including the crucial role Putnam's muse, Susan Blow-founder of America's first kindergarten, pioneering educator and philosopher in the American Hegelian movement-played in the intense debate between these two great thinkers. As the great-grandson of Putnam, author George Prochnik had access to a wealth of personal firsthand material from the Putnam family-as well as from the James and Emerson families-all of which contribute to a new and intimate vision of the texture of daily life at a moment when America was undergoing a cultural and intellectual renaissance.
Putting Fear of Crime on the Map
by Melissa B. Burgess Bruce J. DoranSince first emerging as an issue of concern in the late 1960s, fear of crime has become one of the most researched topics in contemporary criminology and receives considerable attention in a range of other disciplines including social ecology, social psychology and geography. Researchers looking the subject have consistently uncovered alarming characteristics, primarily relating to the behavioural responses that people adopt in relation to their fear of crime. This book reports on research conducted over the past eight years, in which efforts have been made to pioneer the combination of techniques from behavioural geography with Geographic Information Systems (GIS) in order to map the fear of crime. The first part of the book outlines the history of research into fear of crime, with an emphasis on the many approaches that have been used to investigate the problem and the need for a spatially-explicit approach. The second part provides a technical break down of the GIS-based techniques used to map fear of crime and summarises key findings from two separate study sites. The authors describe collective avoidance behaviour in relation to disorder decline models such as the Broken Windows Thesis, the potential to integrate fear mapping with police-community partnerships and emerging avenues for further research. Issues discussed include fear of crime in relation to housing prices and disorder, the use of fear mapping as a means with which to monitor the impact of Closed Circuit Television (CCTV) and fear mapping in transit environments.
Putting Feminism to Work: Theorising Sexual Violence, Trauma and Subjectivity
by Suzanne EganThis book explores the place of feminism and uptake of trauma in contemporary work against sexual violence. Egan presents a refreshing alternative position on arguments about the co-optation or erasure of feminism within institutionalized, professionalized services for sexual assault victims. Using original research on Australian sexual assault services, Putting Feminism to Work effectively illustrates how feminist concepts and ideas have become routinized in contemporary services and enacted in daily practices with survivors and communities. The book engages with, yet resists, the notion that feminist engagement with knowledge (trauma) based in psychiatry and clinical psychology is incompatible with feminism or inevitably reduces sexual violence to a problem of individual healing. Indeed Egan argues that the productive ways practitioners integrate neurobiological understandings of trauma into their work suggests rich possibilities for reintroducing a non-essentialist biology of the body into feminist theories of sexual violence. Scholars, students and practitioners working in the fields of violence against women, sociology, women’s and gender studies, health, social work and policy studies, as well as the emerging field of sociologically informed trauma studies, will find this book of interest.
Putting A New Spin on Groups: The Science of Chaos
by Bud A. McclurePutting a New Spin on Groups: The Science of Chaos, Second Edition continues to challenge orthodoxy and static ideas about small group dynamics. A primary goal is to offer an alternative model of group development that addresses three factors: *The model integrates old ideas from previous models of group development with new concepts from chaos theory and the work of Arthur Young. *The book emphasizes the importance of conflict in group development and recognizes that group growth--while progressive--is neither linear or unidimensional. *Particular attention is focused on how groups change, evolve, and mature. In addition, this book highlights certain group phenomena that have been given only cursory attention in many group textbooks, including women in authority, group metaphors, regressive groups, and the transpersonal potential of small groups. This book has been revised in response to feedback from reviewers and colleagues and includes new ideas, applications of chaos theory in social sciences, and thinking about group behavior. It is an intellectually challenging read with just the right amount of world application.
Putting on the Brakes (Revised Edition): Young People's Guide to Understanding Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
by Patricia O. Quinn Judith M. SternExplains what attention deficit disorder is and how to treat it, discussing the cognitive and emotional aspects, what the medication options are, how to maintain positive relations with friends, and how to do well at school.
Putting Psychology in its Place: Critical Historical Perspectives
by Graham Richards Paul StennerThis fourth edition of Putting Psychology in Its Place builds on the previous three in introducing the history of Psychology and placing the discipline within its historical and social contexts. Written by esteemed Psychologists Graham Richards and Paul Stenner, this crucial text aims both to answer and raise questions about the role of Psychology in modern society by critically examining issues such as how Psychology developed and why psychoanalysis had such an impact. It discusses enduring underlying conceptual problems and examines how the discipline has changed to deal with contemporary social issues such as religion, race and gender. The fourth edition features revised and updated chapters, though the core structure remains unchanged. The final chapter has been restructured and jointly re-written. This text was written to remain compatible with the British Psychological Society requirements for undergraduate courses and is imaginatively written and accessible to all. Putting Psychology in Its Place is an invaluable introductory text for undergraduate students of the history of Psychology and will also appeal to postgraduates, academics and anyone interested in Psychology or the history of science.