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Reasoning in Psychopathology: Rationality and Irrationality in Mental Disorders
by Valentina Cardella Amelia GangemiReasoning in Psychopathology adopts a pragmatic conception of reasoning, demonstrating how people with mental disorders develop characteristic strategies of reasoning depending on the particular disorder they have and the emotions they experience.The book argues that these strategies are perfectly rational, as the individuals are using reasoning as a tool at the service of their goals. Through the analysis of the typical reasoning styles of very different psychopathologies, from anxiety disorders to obsessive-compulsive disorder, from schizophrenia to depression and paranoia, the book argues that mental disorders can affect common sense, or social cognition, while rationality is usually preserved. Supported by recent research, the authors claim that people with mental disorders follow the same rules as healthy people, and that in some cases, when the specific topic of their disorder is at stake, they can be even more logical than healthy people.It is a must-read for all researchers and students of rationality from cognitive psychology, psychiatry, and philosophy backgrounds.
Reasoning, Judging, Deciding: The Science of Thinking
by Colin Wastell Stephanie HowarthAre humans effective thinkers? How do we decide what is right? Can we avoid being duped by fake news? Thinking and Reasoning is the study of how humans think; exploring rationality, decision making and judgment within all contexts of life. With contemporary case studies and reflective questions to develop your understanding of key dilemmas, this book covers the fundamentals of the science behind thinking, reasoning, and decision-making, making it essential reading for any student of Thinking and Reasoning. From heuristic biases to the cognitive science of religion, and from artificial intelligence to conspiracy theories, Wastell & Howarth′s text clearly and comprehensibly introduces you to the core theories of thinking, leaving no stone unturned, before showing you how to apply theory to practice. ′The unique selling point of the book is the inclusion of current topics and recent developments, a very good structure and it approaches the field from a very wide angle.′
Reasoning, Judging, Deciding: The Science of Thinking
by Colin Wastell Stephanie HowarthAre humans effective thinkers? How do we decide what is right? Can we avoid being duped by fake news? Thinking and Reasoning is the study of how humans think; exploring rationality, decision making and judgment within all contexts of life. With contemporary case studies and reflective questions to develop your understanding of key dilemmas, this book covers the fundamentals of the science behind thinking, reasoning, and decision-making, making it essential reading for any student of Thinking and Reasoning. From heuristic biases to the cognitive science of religion, and from artificial intelligence to conspiracy theories, Wastell & Howarth′s text clearly and comprehensibly introduces you to the core theories of thinking, leaving no stone unturned, before showing you how to apply theory to practice. ′The unique selling point of the book is the inclusion of current topics and recent developments, a very good structure and it approaches the field from a very wide angle.′
Reasoning, Necessity, and Logic: Developmental Perspectives (Jean Piaget Symposia Series)
by Willis F. OvertonA presentation of current work that systematically explores and articulates the nature, origin and development of reasoning, this volume's primary aim is to describe and examine contemporary theory and research findings on the topic of deductive reasoning. Many contributors believe concepts such as "structure," "competence," and "mental logic" are necessary features for a complete understanding of reasoning. As the book emanates from a Jean Piaget Symposium, his theory of intellectual development as the standard contemporary treatment of deductive reasoning is used as the context in which the contributors elaborate on their own perceptions.
Reasoning, Rationality and Dual Processes: Selected works of Jonathan St B.T. Evans (World Library of Psychologists)
by Jonathan St EvansIn the World Library of Psychologists series, international experts themselves present career-long collections of what they judge to be their finest pieces - extracts from books, key articles, salient research findings, and their major theoretical and practical contributions. Jonathan St B T Evans is amongst the foremost cognitive psychologists of his generation, having been influential in spearheading developments in the psychological study of reasoning from its very beginnings in the 1970s up to the present day. This volume of self-selected papers recognises Professor Evan’s major contribution to the psychological study of thinking and reasoning by bringing together his most influential and important works. Early selections in the book focus upon experimental studies of reasoning - matching bias in the Wason selection task, belief bias in syllogistic reasoning, and also seminal work on the understanding of conditional statements. The later selections include Evans’ work on more general forms of dual process and dual system theory, and his recent account of two minds in one brain. The volume also contains chapters which highlight Evans’ contribution to the topic of human rationality, and also his influence on the development of the "new paradigm" in the psychology of reasoning. The key developments in the psychology of reasoning are paralleled by those in Evans’s own intellectual history, and the book will therefore make essential reading for all researchers in the psychology of reasoning, and a wider audience of graduate and upper-level undergraduate students with an interest in reasoning and/or dual process theory.
Reasoning Unbound: Thinking about Morality, Delusion and Democracy
by Jean-François BonnefonThis book argues that the science of reasoning will prove most useful if focused on studying what human reasoning does best - understanding people. Bonnefon argues that humanity's unique reasoning abilities developed in order to handle the complexities of cooperative social life. Accordingly, human beings became exquisite students of the minds of other people to predict the kind of decisions they make, and assess their character. In particular, this volume explores the inferences humans make about the moral character of others, how they delude themselves about their own moral character, and the ways in which they can see through the delusions of others. In conclusion, the book considers how to leverage the power of human reasoning in order to sustain democratic life. This work will interest scholars and students working in fields including theory of mind, decision-making, moral cognition, critical thinking, experimental philosophy, and behavioural economics, as well as policy makers interested in how reasoning impacts our political understanding.
Reasons and Intentions in Law and Practical Agency
by George Pavlakos Veronica Rodriguez-BlancoThis collection of new essays explores in depth how and why we act when we follow practical standards, particularly in connection with the authority of legal texts and lawmakers. The essays focus on the interplay of intentions and practical reasons, engaging incisive arguments to demonstrate both the close connection between them, and the inadequacy of accounts that downplay this important link. Their wide-ranging discussion includes topics such as legal interpretation, the paradox of intention, the relation between moral and legal obligation, and legal realism. The volume will appeal to scholars and students of legal philosophy, moral philosophy, law, social science, cognitive psychology, and philosophy of action.
Reasons for Realism: Selected Essays of James J. Gibson (Psychology Revivals)
by Edward Reed; Rebecca JonesJames J. Gibson’s numerous theoretical and empirical contributions to the understanding of how people perceive were innovative, controversial, often radical, and always profound. Many of his ideas revolutionized the science of perception, and his influence continued to grow throughout the world. This book, originally published in 1982, is a collection of the most important of Gibson’s essays on the psychology of perception. Drawing from the entire corpus of Gibson’s papers, the editors have selected over thirty works dealing with such diverse topics as ecological optics, event perception, pictorial representation, and the conceptual foundations of psychology. The editors’ goals in preparing the volume were twofold: first to provide easy access to Gibson’s most outstanding papers and talks, including some that were previously unpublished; and second, to provide an intellectual biography of Gibson by including essays from the different periods of his career.
Reassembling Models of Reality: Theory And Clinical Practice
by Aldrich ChanClinical musings on the nature of reality and “known experience.” Therapists must rely on their clients’ reporting of experience in order to assess, treat, and offer help. Yet we all experience the world through various filters of one sort or another, and our experiences are transformed through several nonconscious processes before reaching our conscious awareness. Science, philosophy, and wisdom traditions share the belief that our awareness is very restricted. How, then, can anyone accurately report their experience, let alone get help with it? Neuropsychologist Aldrich Chan examines how our experience of reality is assembled and shaped by biological, psychological, sociocultural, and existential processes. Each chapter explores processes within these domains that may act as “veils.” Topics in the book include: the default mode network, cognitive distortions, decision-making heuristics, the interconnected mind, memory, and cultural concepts of distress. By understanding the ways in which reality can be distorted, clinicians can more effectively help their clients reach their personal psychotherapeutic goals.
Reawakening an American Dream: Creating Your Path to Financial Freedom
by Kevin J PalmerReawakening an American Dream reveals the hidden secrets first-time millionaires have used to gain abundance or achieve financial freedom.
Rebel Ideas: The Power of Diverse Thinking
by Matthew SyedIdeas are everywhere, but those with the greatest problem-solving, business-transforming, and life-changing potential are often hard to identify. Even when we recognize good ideas, applying them to everyday obstacles—whether in the workplace, our homes, or our civic institutions—can seem insurmountable. According to Matthew Syed, it doesn't have to be this way. In Rebel Ideas, Syed argues that our brainpower as individuals isn't enough. To tackle problems from climate change to economic decline, we'll need to employ the power of "cognitive diversity." Drawing on psychology, genetics, and beyond, Syed uses real-world scenarios including the failings of the CIA before 9/11 and a communication disaster at the peak of Mount Everest to introduce us to the true power of thinking differently. Rebel Ideas will strengthen any kind of team, while including advice on how, as individuals, we can embrace the potential of an "outsider mind-set" as our greatest asset. Matthew Syed is the Sunday Times bestselling author of Black Box Thinking, Bounce, and The Greatest. He writes an award-winning newspaper column in The Times and is the host of the hugely successful BBC podcast Flintoff, Savage and the Ping Pong Guy.
The Rebel Within: Joseph Stiglitz and the World Bank
by Ha-Joon Chang Joseph StiglitzCritique of the role and effectiveness of the World Bank.
Rebel Without A Cause
by Robert M. LindnerRobert Lindner's 1944 classic Rebel Without a Cause follows the successful analysis and hypnosis of a criminal psychopath, Harold. In full transcriptions of their forty-six sessions, Lindner takes his patient into the depths and recesses of his childhood memories. Plumbing the free-associative monologues for clues to unlock the causes of Harold's criminal behavior, Lindner portrays a man cut off from himself and unable to attach himself to others.Lindner reveals to Harold long-hidden incidents from his infancy and childhood that served to propel him toward a troubled and chaotic adulthood, full of armed robbery, break-ins and random sexual encounters. With care and diligence, patient and analyst begin to excavate events from Harold's childhood and reconstruct them as a foundation for analysis. Heralded as a classic upon its publication, Rebel Without a Cause is the tale of a masterful analysis that is still relevant today, against the complex issues of sanity, rehabilitation, and crime that resonate in our legal system.
Rebels: Youth and the Cold War Origins of Identity
by Leerom MedovoiHolden Caulfield, the beat writers, Elvis Presley, Chuck Berry, and James Dean--these and other avatars of youthful rebellion were much more than entertainment. As Leerom Medovoi shows, they were often embraced and hotly debated at the dawn of the Cold War era because they stood for dissent and defiance at a time when the ideological production of the United States as leader of the "free world" required emancipatory figures who could represent America's geopolitical claims. Medovoi argues that the "bad boy" became a guarantor of the country's anti-authoritarian, democratic self-image: a kindred spirit to the freedom-seeking nations of the rapidly decolonizing third world and a counterpoint to the repressive conformity attributed to both the Soviet Union abroad and America's burgeoning suburbs at home. Alongside the young rebel, the contemporary concept of identity emerged in the 1950s. It was in that decade that "identity" was first used to define collective selves in the politicized manner that is recognizable today: in terms such as "national identity" and "racial identity. " Medovoi traces the rapid absorption of identity themes across many facets of postwar American culture, including beat literature, the young adult novel, the Hollywood teen film, early rock 'n' roll, black drama, and "bad girl" narratives. He demonstrates that youth culture especially began to exhibit telltale motifs of teen, racial, sexual, gender, and generational revolt that would burst into political prominence during the ensuing decades, bequeathing to the progressive wing of contemporary American political culture a potent but ambiguous legacy of identity politics.
The Rebel's Dilemma (Economics, Cognition, And Society Ser.)
by Mark I. LichbachSince the mid-1960s, theorists have elaborated over two dozen different solutions to the collective action problem. During this same period, students of conflict have explored many questions about protest and rebellion. The Rebel's Dilemma examines what happens when one brings the full richness of collective action theories to bear on the many complex problems of collective dissent. The book develops a new typology of solutions to the collective action problem: market, community, contract, and hierarchy. It then uses the typology to explain how the Rebel's Dilemma (i.e., the problem applied to collective dissent) is overcome by rebels. In placing two dozen different sets of solutions into this typology, four themes are developed. First, the Rebel's Dilemma is not all that much of a dilemma. If the collective action problem can be solved in some two dozen ways, it cannot pose an insurmountable hurdle for potential dissidents. Second, both dissidents and regimes know that the Rebel's Dilemma can be overcome. While dissidents try to solve their collective action problem, the regime tries to intensify that problem. This struggle over solutions to the collective action problem is the political struggle between regimes and oppositions. Third, analysts must specify the conditions under which collective action is effective. Finally, the collective action approach makes a major contribution to conflict studies. By dissecting the causes and consequences of solutions to the Rebel's Dilemma, the approach offers a set of implications that are far richer than anything offered by its competitors.
Rebels From West Point
by Gerard A. PattersonThis is the Story of the Confederate officers who graduated from West Point and later joined the Confederate army. It tells of their characters, their actions, and all that their choice to leave the Union lost them.
Rebels in Groups: Dissent, Deviance, Difference, and Defiance
by Jolanda Jetten Matthew J. HornseyWith contributions from leading scholars in the field, Rebels in Groups brings together the latest research which, contrary to traditional views, considers dissent, deviance, difference and defiance to be a normal and healthy aspect of group life. Brings together the latest research on the role of dissent, deviance, difference and defiance within groups Presents a new approach which considers dissent, deviance, difference and defiance to be a normal and healthy aspect of group life Examines a broad range of groups, such as political groups, task groups, and teams in organizations Considers diverse fields of psychology, including social, organizational, and developmental psychology Contributors are among the leading scholars in their areas of psychology
Rebels on the Air: An Alternative History of Radio in America
by Jesse WalkerBoring DJs who never shut up, and who don't even pick their own records. The same hits, over and over. A constant stream of annoying commercials. How did radio get so dull? Not by accident, contends journalist and historian Jesse Walker. For decades, government and big business have colluded to monopolize the airwaves, stamping out competition, reducing variety, and silencing dissident voices. And yet, in the face of such pressure, an alternative radio tradition has tenaciously survived. Rebels on the Air explores these overlooked chapters in American radio, revealing the legal barriers established broadcasters have erected to ensure their dominance. Using lively anecdotes drawn from firsthand interviews, Walker chronicles the story of the unsung heroes of American radio who, despite those barriers, carved out spaces for themselves in the spectrum, sometimes legally and sometimes not. Walker's engaging, meticulous account is the first comprehensive history of alternative radio in the United States. From the unlicensed amateurs who invented broadcasting to the community radio movement of the 1960s and 1970s, from the early days of FM to today's micro radio movement, Walker lays bare the hidden history of broadcasting. Above all, Rebels on the Air is the story of the pirate broadcasters who shook up radio in the 1990sand of the new sorts of radio we can expect in the next century, as the microbroadcasters crossbreed with the even newer field of Internet broadcasting.
Rebels with a Cause: Working with Adolescents Using Action Techniques
by Mario Cossa Zerka T MorenoRebels with a Cause is a comprehensive guide to working with adolescents using action techniques and drama therapy. Drawing on years of experience working with adolescents and of training practitioners in the field, Cossa provides a tried-and-tested model for working with adolescents in groups. Utilizing techniques found in psychodrama, sociodrama, drama therapy and sociometry, Cossa offers step-by-step practical guidelines on running a group development program and summarizes the supporting theory in easy-to-understand language. He offers advice on facilitating group and personal development, and also on working with particular groups of adolescents, for example those with developmental disabilities or from different cultures. This illuminating and accessible book provides invaluable insight into working successfully - and enjoyably - with adolescent groups. It is essential reading for practicing therapists and anyone working with adolescents in therapeutic settings.
Rebels with a Cause: Reimagining Boys, Ourselves, and Our Culture
by Niobe WayFrom NYU professor of developmental psychology Niobe Way, an in-depth exploration about what boys and young men teach us about themselves, us, and the toxic culture we have created, one in which we value money over people, toys over human connection, and academic achievement over kindness. Based on her longitudinal and mixed-method research over thirty-five years, Rebels with a Cause is a true call to action to change the culture so that we stop the vicious cycle of violence and blame. Dr. Niobe Way has spent her career researching social and emotional development and finds that boys and young men desperately want and need the same thing as everyone else: close friendships. Yet they and we grow up in a stereotyped &“boy&” culture, one that devalues and mocks those relationships, rather than recognizing that they&’re necessary for human survival. In Rebels with a Cause, Way takes her message one step beyond her previous book, Deep Secrets, which was the inspiration for an Oscar-nominated film Close, to reveal how these &“rebels,&” as she calls the boys and young men in her research and in her classrooms, teach us about their and our crisis of connection, evidence of which is visible in our soaring rates of depression, anxiety, loneliness, suicide, and mass violence. They also teach us about the solutions to the crisis, which is to care, to listen with curiosity, and to take individual and collective responsibility for the damage we have done to them, to ourselves, and to the world around us. Way provides us not only with data-driven insight into the roots and consequences of this crisis of connection, but also offers us concrete and empirically tested strategies for creating a culture that better aligns with our human nature and our human needs. Her book reminds us that &“it&’s not the rebels who cause the troubles of the world, it&’s the troubles that cause the rebels.&” The time to listen to and act on what young rebels have been telling us for almost a century is now.
Reboot Your Brain: A Natural Approach to Fighting Memory Loss, Dementia, Alzheimer's, Brain Aging, and More
by Gary NullAs of 2013, there are 93 million people over the age of forty-seven living in America. They make up the largest group of aging people in our country's history. Many of those individuals are overweight or obese, eat a poor diet, and experience a high-stress lifestyle, leading to a range of physical and mental health issues. According to health experts, by 2050, two billion Americans will suffer from dementia, costing approximately one trillion dollars in medical expenses annually.The culmination of thirty-five years of research in anti-aging sciences, this book shows how Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, memory loss, depression, anxiety, dementia, and other mental conditions can be reversed without drugs. Gary Null describes each condition and prescribes the appropriate mix of diet, exercise, lifestyle modifications, and nutritional supplements to restore maximum mental health. Did you know that caffeine can contribute to depression? Or that zinc, taken in the right dosage, can diminish tremors from Parkinson's? Null describes homeopathic and herbal remedies, supplements, and recipes that are beneficial for each specific condition, giving advice that is groundbreaking and yet simple enough to be adapted by anyone.
Reborn on the Run: My Journey from Addiction to Ultramarathons
by Catra CorbettAside from her rock star looks, Catra Corbett is a standout in the running world on her accomplishments alone. Catra is the first American woman to run over one hundred miles or more on more than one hundred occasions and the first to run one hundred and two hundredmiles in the Ohlone Wilderness, and she holds the fastest known double time for the 425-miles long John Muir Trail, completing it in twelve days, four hours, and fifty-seven minutes. And, unbelievably, she's also a former meth addict. After two years of addiction, Catra is busted while selling, and a night in jail is enough to set her straight. She gives up drugs and moves back home with her mother, abandoning her friends, her boyfriend, and the lifestyle that she came to depend on. Her only clean friend pushes her to train for a 10K with him, and surprisingly, she likes it?and decides to run her first marathon after that. In Reborn on the Run, the reader keeps pace with Catra as she runs through difficult terrain and extreme weather, is stalked by animals in the wilderness, and nearly dies on a training run but continues on, smashing running records and becoming one of the world?s best ultrarunners. Along the way she attempts suicide, loses loved ones, falls in love, has her heartbroken, meets lifelong friends including her running partner and dachshund TruMan, and finally faces the past that led to her addiction.
REBT in the Treatment of Anxiety Disorders in Children and Adults
by Ioana Alina Cristea Simona Stefan Oana David Cristina Mogoase Anca DobreanThis clinical guide reviews the basics of Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy and presents a quartet of tested protocols for treating anxiety disorders in children and adults. Adult applications feature REBT for treating generalized anxiety disorder and a brief REBT/virtual reality immersion approach to social anxiety disorder. For children and adolescents, a REBT and a rational-emotive educational program address anxiety with interventions tailored to age and developmental considerations. Each protocol suggests measures for screening for suitability and differential diagnosis, explains the usefulness of REBT for the problem, and includes these features: Session-by-session therapist guide with case formulation and relevant techniques. In-session evaluation scales. Client worksheets and exercises. Developmentally appropriate materials for children and adolescents. Agendas for parent sessions to supplement children's therapy. Recommended readings for clients and reference lists for therapists. REBT in the Treatment of Anxiety Disorders in Children and Adults offers a wealth of proven hands-on knowledge not only for practitioners using REBT in their work, such as therapists, clinical psychologists, and counselors, but also for researchers studying the efficacy of psychotherapy interventions for anxiety disorders.
The REBT Therapist's Pocket Companion
by Windy Dryden Michael NeenanThe REBT Therapist's Pocket Companion presents in this format to encourage busy trained and developing REBT clinicians to think about the practice of REBT and what two established REBT therapists regard as important principles of its professional practice.
REBT with Diverse Client Problems and Populations
by Windy Dryden Michael E. BernardThis practice-focused resource demonstrates effective uses of Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy methods and techniques in treating clients across various conditions, settings, and subgroups. Client problems featured include both those often associated with REBT (e.g., anxiety, depression, anger) and others noted for complex presentations, difficulties with engagement, and impasses (e.g., addictions, suicidality, psychosis). Challenging treatment populations are covered as well, including women, couples, families, elder and pediatric clients, clients with disabilities, and sexual minorities. These stimulating cases show how well the diversity of clients and their concerns is matched by the flexibility of techniques and applications within REBT. In each chapter, expert therapists: · Identify concepts in REBT especially suited to approaching the problem or population. · Outline best REBT practices in assessment and treatment of the client(s). · Survey evidence-based non-REBT approaches most useful in complementing REBT. · Provide a brief case example representing appropriate REBT in action. · Assess their use of REBT in treating the problem or members of the population. A bedrock text for REBT scholar-practitioners, REBT with Diverse Populations and Problems is a testimony to the continuing usefulness of the therapy and its adaptability as client populations emerge and as the contexts of client problems evolve in response to a demanding world.