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Selves as Solutions to Social Inequalities: Why Engaging the Full Complexity of Social Identities is Critical to Addressing Disparities (Elements in Applied Social Psychology)
by Tiffany N. Brannon Peter H. Fisher Abigail J. GreydanusSocial disparities tied to social group membership(s) are prevalent and persistent within mainstream institutions (e.g., schools/workplaces). Accordingly, psychological science has harnessed selves - which are malleable and meaningfully shaped by social group membership(s) - as solutions to inequality. We propose and review evidence that theoretical and applied impacts of leveraging 'selves as solutions' can be furthered through the use of a stigma and strengths framework. Specifically, this framework conceptualizes selves in their fuller complexity, allowing the same social group membership to be associated with stigma, risk, and devaluation as well as strengths, resilience, and pride. We provide evidence that by enacting policies and practices that (a) reduce/minimize stigma and (b) recognize/include strengths, mainstream institutions can more fully mitigate social disparities tied to inclusion, achievement and well-being. Using social groups that vary in status/power we examine implications of this framework including the potential to foster positive, recursive, and intergroup impacts on social inequalities.
Selves in Relation: An Introduction to Psychotherapy and Groups (Routledge Library Editions: Group Therapy)
by Keith OatleyEmotional crises and breakdowns are not things going wrong in individuals’ minds: they are disturbances in their relations with themselves and others. In psychotherapy an attempt is made to resolve such crises through a therapeutic relationship with an individual or in a group. First published in 1984, this book introduces the theory of individual and group therapy, and explains some of its principles in practice. Although there had been a rapid development of ideas in the area of psychotherapy at the time, it was only shortly before the original publication of this book that these had been related to theory. Keith Oatley assesses the influence of cognitive social psychology, psychoanalysis and the existential/phenomenological tradition, and considers the role of emotions, thinking and social interactions in therapeutic transformation. The theory, he argues, must also be related to the research findings on the outcomes of different therapies. This book is for those who study psychotherapy in psychology, psychiatry, counselling and social work – and for anyone who wants to know what psychotherapy was about in the 1980s.
Selving: A Relational Theory of Self Organization
by Irene FastIn Selving: A Relational Theory of Self Organization, Irene Fast invokes the basic distinction between the self as "me" and the self as "I" in order to develop a contemporary theory of the self as subject. In a return to Freud's clinical finding that all psychological processes are personally motivated, she elaborates a notion of the "I-self" that is intrinsically dynamic and relational. Within this conception, our perceiving, thinking, feeling, and acting are not what our self does; rather, they are what our self is. According to Fast, the basic unit of the dynamic I-self --of selving --is a scheme of personally motivated interaction between self and nonself. This notion, which comprehends development (and developmental failure) as a product of integration and differentiation among discrete I-schemes, provides a radically new framework for understanding those dynamic phenomena that Freud included within his structural model of the mind and that contemporary theorists have addressed within object relational perspectives. Via the notion of selving, Fast likewise brings fresh insight to a host of issues that have engaged psychoanalysts and developmental psychologists in recent years. These topics include the place of bodily experience in a relational model of mind, the organization of self as simultaneously individual and relational, the formulation of a constructivist model of psychic structure, among others. Selving is not only a lucid demonstration of how a relational theory of self can reorder clinical observations in conceptually and therapeutically illuminating ways. It is also a convincing demonstration of how a constructivist model emphasizing the interactive nature of meaning-making provides bridges to Piagetian theory, developmental research, and observational infancy studies.
Semantic Network Analysis in Social Sciences
by Elad SegevSemantic Network Analysis in Social Sciences introduces the fundamentals of semantic network analysis and its applications in the social sciences. Readers learn how to easily transform any given text into a visual network of words co-occurring together, a process that allows mapping the main themes appearing in the text and revealing its main narratives and biases. Semantic network analysis is particularly useful today with the increasing volumes of text-based information available. It is one of the developing, cutting-edge methods to organize, identify patterns and structures, and understand the meanings of our information society. The first chapters in this book offer step-by-step guidelines for conducting semantic network analysis, including choosing and preparing the text, selecting desired words, constructing the networks, and interpreting their meanings. Free software tools and code are also presented. The rest of the book displays state-of-the-art studies from around the world that apply this method to explore news, political speeches, social media content, and even to organize interview transcripts and literature reviews. Aimed at scholars with no previous knowledge in the field, this book can be used as a main or a supplementary textbook for general courses on research methods or network analysis courses, as well as a starting point to conduct your own content analysis of large texts.
Semantic Perception Theory: A New Theory on Children's Language Development (Perspectives on Rethinking and Reforming Education)
by Kekang HeBased on an in-depth study of children’s language development theory, this book puts forward the original proposition that semantic perception is the human sixth sense. Presenting a detailed, complete, and scientific argumentation, it asserts that the innateness of semantic perception has a physiological basis and that language acquisition is based on semantic perception, and proposes the idea of a critical period of nurture and language growth. To this end, the book not only contrasts children’s language acquisition processes and the process of adult speech generation and comprehension, but also discusses the ability to read and write, describing this important stage of children’s language development and analyzing semantic perception. Focusing on education and psychology, it also discusses the use of semantic perception theory to instruct teaching and learning. This book is a valuable resource for teachers, researchers, practitioners and graduate students in the fields of educational technology, child development and language learning, as well as anyone interested in children’s language development.
Semantic Polarities and Psychopathologies in the Family: Permitted and Forbidden Stories
by Valeria UgazioThe gap between psychotherapeutic practice and clinical theory is ever widening. Therapists still don’t know what role interpersonal relations play in the development of the most common psychopathologies. Valeria Ugazio bridges this gap by examining phobias, obsessive-compulsions, eating disorders, and depression in the context of the family, using an intersubjective approach to personality. Her concept of “semantic polarities” gives a groundbreaking perspective to the construction of meaning in the family and other interpersonal contexts. At no point is theory left in the wasteland of abstraction. The concreteness of the many case studies recounted, and examples taken from well-known novels, will allow readers to immediately connect the topics discussed with their own experience.
Semantic Priming: Perspectives from Memory and Word Recognition (Essays in Cognitive Psychology)
by Timothy P. McNamaraSemantic priming has been a focus of research in the cognitive sciences for more than thirty years and is commonly used as a tool for investigating other aspects of perception and cognition, such as word recognition, language comprehension, and knowledge representations. Semantic Priming: Perspectives from Memory and Word Recognition examines empirical and theoretical advancements in the understanding of semantic priming, providing a succinct, in-depth review of this important phenomenon, framed in terms of models of memory and models of word recognition. The first section examines models of semantic priming, including spreading activation models, the verification model, compound-cue models, distributed network models, and multistage activation models (e.g. interactive-activation model). The second section examines issues and findings that have played an especially important role in testing models of priming and includes chapters on the following topics: methodological issues (e.g. counterbalancing of materials, choice of priming baselines); automatic vs. strategic priming; associative vs. “pure” semantic priming; mediated priming; long-term semantic priming; backward priming; unconscious priming; the prime-task effect; list context effects; effects of word frequency, stimulus quality, and stimulus repetition; and the cognitive neuroscience of semantic priming. The book closes with a summary and a discussion of promising new research directions. The volume will be of interest to a wide range of researchers and students in the cognitive sciences and neurosciences.
The Semantic Turn: A New Foundation for Design
by Klaus KrippendorffResponding to cultural demands for meaning, user-friendliness, and fun as well as the opportunities of the emerging information society, The Semantic Turn boldly outlines a new science for design that gives designers previously unavailable grounds on which to state their claims and validate their designs. It sets the stage by reviewing the h
Semantics as Science
by Richard K. LarsonAn introductory linguistics textbook that takes a novel approach: studying linguistic semantics as an exercise in scientific theory construction.This introductory linguistics text takes a novel approach, one that offers educational value to both linguistics majors and nonmajors. Aiming to help students not only grasp the fundamentals of the subject but also engage with broad intellectual issues and develop general intellectual skills, Semantics as Science studies linguistic semantics as an exercise in scientific theory construction. Semantics offers an excellent medium through which to acquaint students with the notion of a formal, axiomatic system—that is, a system that derives results from a precisely articulated set of assumptions according to a precisely articulated set of rules. The book develops semantic theory through the device of axiomatic T-theories, first proposed by Alfred Tarski more than eighty years ago, introducing technical elaboration only when required. It adopts Japanese as its core object of study, allowing students to explore and investigate the real empirical issues arising in the context of non-English structures, a non-English lexicon and non-English meanings. The book is structured as a laboratory science text that poses specific empirical questions, with 25 short units, each of which can be covered in one class session. The layout is engagingly visual, designed to help students understand and retain the material, with lively illustrations, examples, and quotations from famous scholars.
The Semantics of Gradability, Vagueness, and Scale Structure: Experimental Perspectives (Language, Cognition, and Mind #4)
by Elena Castroviejo Louise McNally Galit Weidman SassoonThis volume is the first to focus specifically on experimental studies of the semantics of gradability, scale structure and vagueness. It presents support for and challenges to current formal analyses of these phenomena in view of experimentally collected data, highlighting the ways semantic and pragmatic theory can benefit from experimental methodologies. The papers in the volume contribute to an explicit and detailed account of the use, representation, and online processing of gradable and vague expressions using various kinds of controlled speaker judgment tasks, eye tracking, and ERP. The aim is to strengthen the foundations of experimental semantics and promote interaction between linguists, psycholinguists, psychologists, and philosophers who are interested in the semantics of natural language. Using data representing different languages and a variety of nominal and adjectival constructions, including degree modification and comparatives, the contributions address scale-based classifications of gradable predicates, such as the absolute vs. relative distinction; the nature of the standards for applicability of gradable expressions and the ways in which standards are determined; the nature of dimensions and multidimensionality in the meaning of scalar expressions; and the role of embodiment, subjectivity, and sociolinguistic considerations in the use and understanding of gradable expressions.
Seminars in Forensic Psychiatry (College Seminars Series)
by Harry Kennedy Mary DavorenThis updated edition of Seminars in Forensic Psychiatry is an invaluable guide for consultants and specialist trainees working in forensic psychiatry. Written by leading international contributors, topics include models of care, the management of in-patient violence, forensic psychotherapy, and psychological treatments. The evolution of policy and mental health law is discussed, demonstrating how it has shaped the provision of forensic psychiatry services. Legal aspects include considerations of mentalistic defences in criminal law, mental health law, as well as the law on negligence. The book also includes sections on specialist areas of need, including cultural and gender specific needs, terrorism, stalkers, and sex offenders. Woven into the chapters are practical approaches, and 'how to' guides. The volume ends with advice for each of the transitions in the career of a forensic psychiatrist. A truly practical guide, this is a must-read for psychiatrists and mental health professionals working within a forensic setting.
Seminars in General Adult Psychiatry (College Seminars Series)
by David Kingdon Paul Rowlands George SteinThis long-awaited third edition of Seminars in General Adult Psychiatry provides a highly readable and comprehensive account of modern general adult psychiatry. The text has been fully updated throughout by leading figures in modern psychiatry. This new edition covers developments in the understanding of mental disorders, service delivery, changes to risk assessment and management, collaborate care plans and 'trauma-informed' care. Coverage will also be given to the implementation of the ICD-11 and DSM-5 classification systems, and the impact on diagnosis and treatment. Key features of the previous edition that have been updated include the detailed clinical descriptions of psychiatric disorders and historical sections with access to the classic studies of psychiatry. Additional topics include autism, ADHD and physical health. This is a key text for psychiatric trainees studying for their MRCPsych exams, and a source of continuing professional development for psychiatrists and other mental health professionals.
Seminars in Old Age Psychiatry (College Seminars Series)
by Rob Butler Cornelius KatonaA concise and up-to-date text on the mental health of older people, this second edition is fully updated to reflect changes in technology, competency-based training, guidelines, law and treatments. Each chapter sits alone as an informative, readable and helpful resource for a range of health care professionals. Together the chapters form an essential text that contributes to the rising standards in old age psychiatry. With practical guidelines on clinical management, this edition also includes new sections on topics such as palliative care and migrant health, all written by a global authorship, considering international perspectives. Targeted at qualified and trainee consultant psychiatrists, this text is also useful to other doctors, medical students and healthcare professionals who work with older people.
Seminars in the Psychiatry of Intellectual Disability (College Seminars Series)
by Mark Scheepers Mike KerrNow in its third edition, this high-quality, informative textbook presents intellectual disability and psychiatric presentation through the ages, to present a clear focus on issues relevant to psychiatric aspects for children and adults, at different stages of life. An ideal text for all psychiatrists, in training and in practice, this up-to-date, comprehensive guide to the understanding of intellectual disability features links to specific psychiatric competencies, vital for those undergoing training. Covering the breadth of psychological, service and biological factors affecting people with intellectual disability, this edition includes updates on a wide range of issues: from psychiatric diagnosis and management, through genetic causation, behaviour, health issues, mortality to delivery of services (historic and current). Key for multiple professional groups, and authored by leading specialists, this text provides the definitive collection of cutting-edge research on the psychiatry of intellectual disability.
Seminars in the Psychotherapies (College Seminars Series)
by Rachel Gibbons Jo O’ReillyThis comprehensive and highly readable book outlines the main psychological therapies used in contemporary clinical practice. It clearly describes the underlying theoretical principles and techniques and with vivid case examples, demonstrates the central role of these treatments in mental health care. The contribution of psychological and psychodynamic ideas to different psychiatric presentations is outlined, including mood disorders, psychosis, self harm and suicide. Other chapters specifically address recent developments, including neuropsychoanalysis, psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy and Open Dialogue. As the chapters unfold this book illustrates how a psychologically informed approach to mental disorder can enrich psychiatric practice by providing a holistic and meaningful understanding of the symptoms of psychological distress. Bringing together ideas from psychiatry and psychotherapy, this is the go-to text for trainees, experienced psychiatrists, and other mental health professionals interested in the psychological and psychodynamic aspects of psychiatry. An essential resource for preparation for the MRCPsych examinations.
Semiotic Construction of the Self in Multicultural Societies: A Theory of Proculturation (Cultural Dynamics of Social Representation)
by Vladimer Lado GamsakhurdiaSemiotic Construction of the Self in Multicultural Societies elaborates on a holistic theory on the self, by means of integrating social representation theory, dialogical self theory and particular ideas from Vygotskyan developmental psychology in one framework. This book sends a humanistic message by indicating the power of inexhaustible human imagination that empowers individuals to strive for knowing the unknown, checking limits of their abilities and challenging (distancing) and at the same time, affectively and semiotically engaging (undistancing and recreating) their heritage cultures. It provides theoretical elaborations and innovations through the example of the case study of Georgian society and particular cases of proculturation. The theoretical and empirical explorations of proculturation experiences allow ways of tracing the rebuilding of the bridges between psychological and anthropological sciences, paving a path towards transdisciplinary approaches. This book will be of great interest to academics, researchers and post-graduate students in the fields of social psychology, semiotics and multicultural studies.
Senescence Back and Forth
by Urs Nydegger Thomas LungThis book is about lifelong ageing of humans. The basic biochemical and genetic mechanisms remain ill known, and differ among individuals. The book starts out to explore the plant and animal kingdoms to answer questions human ageing needs for understanding. First, we come to scrutinize time running out and what ‘normal’ means with impacts on the genome and on protein half- lives and function. Ageing goes beyond biochemical skid treated by geroprotector drugs, including biosimilars; albeit early diagnosis with standard medical laboratory assays, here addressed, sheds light with focus on basic research. Modern tools, including machine learning, and DNA technology, e.g. genomics, have already provided for unanticipated insights. The chapters then turn around senescence of the entire organism based on variable ageing of single organs embedded in neuronal networks . Psychological stress factors, dementia opposed to vigilance, and distinction of ageing from overt disease are contrasting in humans and are opposed in the book. Senescence, seen as a one way track may be reverted into rejuvenation, made possible by insights into immunosenescence and genomic approaches. Risk management in health insurance finds important clues in this book. The topics addressed between the book covers help to understand the trend to the ever- prolonging life expectancy beyond the centenarian age group; nursing care takers and pharmaceutical industry are invited to understand what’ is going on in senior people to make their geriatric population remain fit or become frail.
Senilidad
by Italo SvevoNo hace mucho tiempo, Emilio Brentani era un joven y prometedor autor. Ahora es un agente de seguros en el rápido sendero hacia los cuarenta con una ilusión que parece detenerle en su carrera: se ha enamorado de la joven y hermosa Angiolina. Llena de humanidad y humor, de introspección psicológica y de una elegante simplicidad de estilo, Senilidad es un brillante estudio del amor sin esperanzas y de la indecisión. «También yo, ahora que sé lo que es la vejez de verdad, me sonrío a veces de haberle dedicado un exceso de amor.» Italo Svevo
Senior Executive Assessment
by Dean StamoulisSenior Executive Assessment is a concise and practical guide that demystifies assessment that is conducted at the senior-executive level. Defines Senior Executive Assessment, describes its benefits, and explains how it differs from assessment at lower levels Discusses how significant shifts in markets and business models can require a change in the characteristics needed in senior executives Provides a practical model with suggestions for assessing senior executives Offers guidelines for determining what assessment methods to use in an organization Examines practical considerations in how to choose professionals to conduct senior executive assessment
Senior Leadership Teams and the Agile Organization (SIOP Organizational Frontiers Series)
by Stephen J. Zaccaro Nathan J. Hiller Richard J. KlimoskiSenior Leadership Teams and the Agile Organization builds on existing knowledge in the leadership, teams, and strategic management literatures to examine and explore how senior leadership teams drive the dynamic capabilities of organizations. Organizational agility is a key dimension of organizational performance. This volume focuses on senior leadership team processes and attributes that facilitate organizational agility and the organization’s capacity to perform and rapidly pivot in response to shifting strategic demands. Chapters summarize the current state of knowledge, examine past research and theory, define research and theoretical gaps, and consider how to address these gaps. In so doing, they offer an understanding of how senior leadership teams drive and enable organizational activity. The book is essential reading for researchers and professionals looking to understand the intersection of leadership, team dynamics, organizational psychology, organizational psychology, and strategic management, particularly in relation to organizational agility and the senior leadership team.
Seniors’ Learning in the Digital Age (101 Collection)
by Dianne ConradHow are older learners faring in today’s digital society? Are they being excluded or left behind? The author explores this question and investigates strategies needed to assist older learners who want to continue learning into their golden years. Canada’s demographics are shifting, with more seniors living longer and leading more productive lives, notably through their participation in education.Incorporating adult education theory and practice with gerontological statistics and literature, the author considers the situations of older learners, who are faced with both barriers and opportunities. Technology should not be an obstacle to older learners; when potential opportunities arise—and with assistance from family and friends—education can help set older learners on a fulfilling path that enhances their lives.
Sensate Focus and the Psyche: Integrating Sense and Sexuality in Couple Therapy (The Library of Couple and Family Psychoanalysis)
by Susan PaceySensate Focus and the Psyche explores in depth both psychoanalytic and psychosexual perspectives of sensate focus, a programme of touching exercises for couples with sexual problems, and in so doing provides an original, integrated model for understanding the conscious and unconscious impact of this tactile intervention on couples in treatment. Susan Pacey reviews the historical relationship between psychoanalysis and sex therapy and the splitting of mind, body and relationship since Freud. She illustrates how the tactile intervention can help repair the early life impingements on partners’ individual development that mobilise anxieties about sexuality and shame in adulthood. Case studies illustrate how sensate focus can help conceptualise unconscious embodied memories, repair shame, encourage Winnicottian play, work through transitional phenomena and develop psychological space, establishing a platform for the healthy expression of adult sexuality. Pacey discusses how sexual desire and aggression are inextricably linked in the human psyche, proposing that sensate focus can help enable positive aggression necessary for sex and reduce the potential for partners’ anxieties about their psychological separateness. Lastly, she proposes judicious use of this powerful, tactile intervention and highlights contraindications. Sensate Focus and the Psyche will be essential reading for all psychotherapists who work with individuals, couples and families.
Sensate Focus in Sex Therapy: The Illustrated Manual
by Linda Weiner Constance Avery-ClarkSensate Focus in Sex Therapy: The Illustrated Manual is an illustrated manual that provides health professionals with specific information on the use of the structured touching opportunities used regularly by Sexologists to address their clients’ sexual difficulties (Sensate Focus 1) and enhance intimate relationships (Sensate Focus 2). This book is the only one to: vividly describe and illustrate the specific steps of, activities involved in, and positions associated with Sensate Focus; emphasize the purpose of Sensate Focus as a mindfulness-based practice; and distinguish between the purposes of Sensate Focus 1 and Sensate Focus 2. Through the use of artful drawings and descriptive text, this manual engages mental health and medical professionals and their clients by appealing to both the visual and the analytical. It discusses how modifications to Sensate Focus can be applied to diverse populations, such as LGBTQ clients, the elderly, the disabled, trauma survivors, and those with challenges such as Autism Spectrum, anxiety, and depression. The book also offers suggestions for dealing with common client difficulties such as avoidance, confusion, and goal directed attitudes. This comprehensive approach to Sensate Focus will remind readers of the beauty and power of touch while offering suggestions for moving from avoidance to sensory transcendence.
Sensation
by Thalma LobelLike the revolutionary bestsellers Predictably Irrational and Emotional Intelligence, Sensation is an exciting, completely new view of human behavior--a new psychology of physical intelligence (or embodied cognition)--that explains how the body unconsciously affects our everyday decisions and choices, written by one of the world's leading psychologists.From colors and temperatures to heavy objects and tall people, a whole symphony of external stimuli exerts a constant influence on the way your mind works. Yet these effects have been hidden from you--until now. Drawing on her own work as well as from research across the globe, Dr. Thalma Lobel reveals how shockingly susceptible we are to sensory input from the world around us. An aggressive negotiator can be completely disarmed by holding a warm cup of tea or sitting in a soft chair. Clean smells promote moral behavior, but people are more likely to cheat on a test right after having taken a shower. Red-colored type causes us to fail exams, but red dresses make women sexier and teams wearing red jerseys win more games. We take questionnaires attached to heavy clipboards more seriously and believe people who like sweets to be nicer. Ultimately, the book's message is startling: Though we claim ownership of our decisions, judgments, and values, they derive as much from our outside environment as from inside our minds. Now, Sensation empowers you to evaluate those outside forces in order to make better decisions in every facet of your personal and professional lives.
Sensation and Judgment: Complementarity Theory of Psychophysics (Scientific Psychology Series)
by John C. BairdPsychophysical theory exists in two distinct forms -- one ascribes the explanation of phenomena and empirical laws to sensory processes. Context effects arising through the use of particular methods are an unwanted nuisance whose influence must be eliminated so that one isolates the "true" sensory scale. The other considers psychophysics only in terms of cognitive variables such as the judgment strategies induced by instructions and response biases. Sensory factors play a minor role in cognitive approaches. This work admits the validity of both forms of theory by arguing that the same empirical phenomena should be conceptualized in two alternative, apparently contradictory, ways. This acceptance of opposites is necessary because some empirical phenomena are best explained in terms of sensory processes, while others are best ascribed to central causes. The complementarity theory stresses the "mutually completing" nature of two distinct models. The first assigns importance to populations of sensory neurons acting in the aggregate and is formulated to deal with sensory effects. The second assigns importance to judgment uncertainty and to the subject strategies induced by experimental procedures. This model is formulated to explain context effects. Throughout the text, the exposition is interlaced with mathematics, graphs, and computer simulations designed to reveal the complementary nature of psychophysical explanations.