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The Challenger Disaster (Cornerstones of Freedom, 2nd Series)
by Tim McneeseRecounts events surrounding the explosion of the space shuttle Challenger in 1986, the first shuttle to carry a civilian passenger, and discusses the impact of this disaster on the U.S. space program. Includes bibliographical references and index.
The Challenger Explosion (Disasters For All Time)
by Valerie BoddenA historical account—including eyewitness quotes—of the devastating 1986 explosion of the space shuttle Challenger and its effect on NASA's programs, ending with how the disaster is memorialized today.
The Challenger Launch Decision: Risky Technology, Culture, and Deviance at NASA
by Diane VaughanWhen the Space Shuttle Challenger exploded on January 28, 1986, millions of Americans became bound together in a single, historic moment. Many still vividly remember exactly where they were and what they were doing when they heard about the tragedy. In The Challenger Launch Decision, Diane Vaughan recreates the steps leading up to that fateful decision, contradicting conventional interpretations to prove that what occurred at NASA was not skulduggery or misconduct but a disastrous mistake. Journalists and investigators have historically cited production problems and managerial wrong-doing as the reasons behind the disaster. The Presidential Commission uncovered a flawed decision-making process at the space agency as well, citing a well-documented history of problems with the O-ring and a dramatic last-minute protest by engineers over the Solid Rocket Boosters as evidence of managerial neglect. Why did NASA managers, who not only had all the information prior to the launch but also were warned against it, decide to proceed? In retelling how the decision unfolded through the eyes of the managers and the engineers, Vaughan uncovers an incremental descent into poor judgment, supported by a culture of high-risk technology. She reveals how and why NASA insiders, when repeatedly faced with evidence that something was wrong, normalized the deviance so that it became acceptable to them. No safety rules were broken. No single individual was at fault. Instead, the cause of the disaster is a story not of evil but of the banality of organizational life. This powerful work explains why the Challenger tragedy must be reexamined and offers an unexpected warning about the hidden hazards of living in this technological age.
Challenges and Opportunities for Agricultural Intensification of the Humid Highland Systems of Sub-Saharan Africa
by Guy Blomme Piet Van Asten Bernard VanlauweThe humid highlands in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) are characterized by high population densities and require intensification. The Consortium for Improving Agriculture-based Livelihoods in Central Africa (CIALCA) has set up a research for development platform in various mandate areas in DR Congo, Burundi, and Rwanda, aiming to identify improved production, market, and nutrition options and facilitating the access for development partners to these options. This platform is supported by capacity building, multi-stakeholder dialogue, and monitoring and evaluation efforts. The conference, facilitated by CIALCA, aimed to (i) take stock of the state-of the art in agricultural intensification in the highlands of SSA and (ii) chart the way forward for agricultural research for development in the humid highlands of SSA, and more specifically in the recently launched Humidtropics Consortium Research Programme, through keynote, oral and poster presentations, and strategic panel discussions.
Challenges and Opportunities for Education About Dual Use Issues in the Life Sciences
by National Research Council of the National AcademiesThe Challenges and Opportunities for Education About Dual Use Issues in the Life Sciences workshop was held to engage the life sciences community on the particular security issues related to research with dual use potential. More than 60 participants from almost 30 countries took part and included practicing life scientists, bioethics and biosecurity practitioners, and experts in the design of educational programs. The workshop sought to identify a baseline about (1) the extent to which dual use issues are currently being included in postsecondary education (undergraduate and postgraduate) in the life sciences; (2) in what contexts that education is occurring (e.g., in formal coursework, informal settings, as stand-alone subjects or part of more general training, and in what fields); and (3) what online educational materials addressing research in the life sciences with dual use potential already exist.
Challenges and Opportunities in Green Hydrogen Production (Energy, Environment, and Sustainability)
by Avinash Kumar Agarwal Paramvir Singh Anupma Thakur R. K. SinhaThis book comprehensively explores the dynamic landscape of green hydrogen, a transformative energy carrier. It offers a resource for researchers, professionals, and policymakers in sustainable energy. Starting with foundational understanding, it delves into hydrogen's importance, production methods, and climate change mitigation. This timely contribution addresses a knowledge gap by integrating green hydrogen's multifaceted aspects. By integrating multifaceted aspects, from fundamental principles to cutting-edge applications and societal implications, it provides a holistic grasp of green hydrogen's scientific, technological, and policy dimensions. The book navigates the intricate journey of green hydrogen production, spotlighting catalytic and technological breakthroughs, renewable energy integration, electrolyzer systems, and material strategies. Industrial applications and environmental impacts are detailed, covering life cycle assessments, water use, land considerations, and policy insights. This book caters to a diverse readership invested in sustainability and renewable energy transition. This book's multidisciplinary expertise guides the energy transition, fostering informed decision-making and inspiring collaboration. Policymakers, entrepreneurs, environmental experts, and researchers can find crucial implications, gain strategic insights, and explore ecological aspects. It endeavors to equip stakeholders with the knowledge, insights, and foresight needed to usher in a sustainable energy paradigm.
Challenges and Opportunities of Circular Economy in Agri-Food Sector: Rethinking Waste (Environmental Footprints and Eco-design of Products and Processes)
by Rahul S Mor Anupama Panghal Vikas KumarGlobal population by 2050 is predicted to be over 9 billion and accordingly, the production systems will demolish about 140 billion tons per year of minerals, ores, fossil fuels and biomass, i.e., thrice of the current need, and the food production itself has to be doubled. Optimized resource usage, lifecycle management, and reduced carbon emission have become a priority for agri-food businesses today, and circular economy (CE) helps for a sustainable and flexible way to grow without exhausting primary materials, and it thinks beyond recycling and resource usage. The word CE best relates to the resource and efficiency management, 6Rs, closed-loop production systems, zero waste and lifecycle engineering, reduced overconsumption of resources and waste generation, enriched system redesign and business model innovation, thereby leading to sustainable development goals. In this light, the book calls for theoretical and empirically sound contributions that are focused on the different aspects of the circular economy, 6R’s, sustainable production and consumption, closed-loop systems, etc. in the agri-food sector.
Challenges and Opportunities of mRNA Vaccines Against SARS-CoV-2: A Multidisciplinary Perspective
by Siguna MuellerThis book offers an analytical look at the much debated risks and benefits of the newly developed COVID-19 mRNA-vaccines. As such, it is one of the first books to give a comprehensive overview of mRNA vaccines against COVID-19 and the only one that addresses this topic from a broad multidisciplinary background. It brings together insights from various underlying disciplines on the challenges of developing and evaluating the most suitable vaccines for mass vaccination programs enrolled throughout the world - focusing on safety and efficacy.This book should not be missing on the shelf of any biomedical researcher, epidemiologist, public health professional or clinical researcher interested in SARS-CoV2 or virology and vaccine development in general.
Challenges and Recent Advancements in Nuclear Energy Systems: Proceedings of Saudi International Conference on Nuclear Power Engineering (SCOPE) (Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering)
by Afaque Shams Khaled Al-Athel Iztok Tiselj Andreas Pautz Tomasz KwiatkowskiThis book gathers the latest advances, innovations, and applications in the field of nuclear power engineering, as presented by researchers and engineers at the Saudi International Conference on Nuclear Power Engineering (SCOPE), which was organized by King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM), and held in Dhahran, Saudi Arabia on November 13–15, 2023. The contributions encompass topics such as nuclear thermal-hydraulics, reactor physics, nuclear materials, fuel cycle and waste management, safety and severe accidents, fusion and advanced reactors, nuclear applications and radiation processing. The contributions, which were selected through a rigorous international peer-review process, share exciting ideas that will spur novel research directions and foster new multidisciplinary collaborations.
Challenges and Solutions Against Visceral Leishmaniasis
by Angamuthu Selvapandiyan Ruchi Singh Niti Puri Nirmal K. GangulyThis book comprehensively reviews the epidemiology and surveillance strategies of Visceral Leishmaniasis, and the latest developments in disease diagnosis, drug discovery, and vaccine development. The initial chapters cover the epidemiology features and spatial distribution of Visceral Leishmaniasis. The book further discusses the manifestations of HIV-Visceral Leishmaniasis infection on the immunopathogenesis, diagnosis, and therapeutic response. It analyzes the role of different proteomic technologies in understanding the parasite development, survival, drug resistance mechanisms, host-pathogen interactions, and the development of new therapeutic approaches. The book concludes by discussing recent advancements in vaccine development for Visceral Leishmaniasis. It discusses the promising vaccine candidate, their developmental status, current challenges, and prospects for rational vaccine development against Leishmania. This book is an invaluable source of information for students, and researchers working to understand the Leishmania biology, and drug development.
Challenges and Solutions for Climate Change (Green Energy and Technology)
by Katherine Begg Wytze Van GaastThe latest scientific knowledge on climate change indicates that higher greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere through unchecked emissions will provoke severe climate change and ocean acidification. Both impacts can fundamentally alter environmental structures on which humanity relies and have serious consequences for the food chain among others. Climate change therefore poses major socio-economic, technical and environmental challenges which will have serious impacts on countries' pathways towards sustainable development. As a result, climate change and sustainable development have increasingly become interlinked. A changing climate makes achieving Millennium Development Goals more difficult and expensive, so there is every reason to achieve development goals with low greenhouse gas emissions. This leads to the following five challenges discussed by Challenges and Solutions for Climate Change: 1. To place climate negotiations in the wider context of sustainability, equity and social change so that development benefits can be maximised at the same time as decreasing greenhouse gas emissions. 2. To select technologies or measures for climate change mitigation and adaptation based on countries' sustainable development and climate goals. 3. To create low greenhouse gas emission and climate resilient strategies and action plans in order to accelerate innovation needed for achieving sustainable development and climate goals on the scale and timescale required within countries. 4. To rationalize the current directions in international climate policy making in order to provide coherent and efficient support to developing countries in devising and implementing strategies and action plans for low emission technology transfers to deliver climate and sustainable development goals. 5. To facilitate development of an international framework for financial resources in order to support technology development and transfer, improve enabling environments for innovation, address equity issues such as poor people's energy access, and make implementation of activities possible at the desired scale within the country. The solutions presented in Challenges and Solutions for Climate Change show how ambitious measures can be undertaken which are fully in line with domestic interests, both in developing and in developed countries, and how these measures can be supported through the international mechanisms.
Challenges and Solutions in the Hydrogen Value Chain: State of the Art Perspectives on Decarbonization and the Green Energy Transition
by Ankica KovačThis book brings together global experts from industry, science, and the policy and investment communities to explore the field of hydrogen technology. The chapters provide coverage of the hydrogen value chain, from production, storage, and transportation to its application as a solution to climate change. The unique expertise presented will equip readers with a deep understanding of hydrogen’s important role in power sector decarbonization and the green energy transition.
Challenges and Solutions in the Russian Energy Sector (Innovation And Discovery In Russian Science And Engineering Ser.)
by Carlos Brebbia Stavros SyngellakisThe book provides a comprehensive overview of the most recent and advanced research findings on energy production and management in the important Ural industrial region of Russia. The authors consider economic problems of energy development, management systems for sustainable energy, and investment mechanisms for energy. Comprised of chapters on energy efficient technologies, environmental aspects of using energy, and personnel for the power industry, the volume is ideal for a range of scientists and engineers interested in innovative approaches to generation and distribution of energy.
Challenges and Trends in Multimodal Fall Detection for Healthcare (Studies in Systems, Decision and Control #273)
by Jorge Brieva Lourdes Martínez-Villaseñor Hiram Ponce Ernesto Moya-AlborThis book focuses on novel implementations of sensor technologies, artificial intelligence, machine learning, computer vision and statistics for automated, human fall recognition systems and related topics using data fusion.It includes theory and coding implementations to help readers quickly grasp the concepts and to highlight the applicability of this technology. For convenience, it is divided into two parts. The first part reviews the state of the art in human fall and activity recognition systems, while the second part describes a public dataset especially curated for multimodal fall detection. It also gathers contributions demonstrating the use of this dataset and showing examples. This book is useful for anyone who is interested in fall detection systems, as well as for those interested in solving challenging, signal recognition, vision and machine learning problems. Potential applications include health care, robotics, sports, human–machine interaction, among others.
Challenges for Sustainable Solid Waste Management
by Chanathip PharinoThis book analyzes the status quo concerning waste generation and management systems in Thailand and other developing countries with similar problems. It addresses municipal, electronic, industrial and hazardous wastes, as well as management instruments, and key factors shaping the progress of waste management as a whole. The book highlights lessons learnt from various successful efforts to overcome these problems in Thailand, and offers recommendations for promoting sustainable waste management systems in Thailand and other countries with similar backgrounds in the future. These include the introduction of a polluter-pay concept, incentive systems for recycling and reusing, and promoting environmental education and awareness in key sectors.
Challenges in Analytical Quality Assurance
by Manfred Reichenbächer Jürgen W. EinaxWorking in the lab, but unsure what your results actually mean? Would you like to know how to apply trueness tests, calculate standard deviations, estimate measurement uncertainties or test for linearity? This book offers you a problem-based approach to analytical quality assurance (AQA). After a short introduction into required fundamentals, various topics such as statistical tests, linear regression and calibration, tool qualification or method validation are presented in the form of exercises for self-study. Solutions are provided in a clear step-by-step manner. Interactive Excel-sheets are available as Extra Materials for trying out the various concepts. For professionals as well as graduate students confronted with analytical quality assurance for the first time, this book will be the clue to meeting such challenges.
Challenges in Characterizing Small Particles
by Division on Earth and Life Studies Chemical Sciences Roundtable Joe Alper Tina Masciangioli Board on Chemical Sciences and Technology National Research CouncilSmall particles are ubiquitous in the natural and built worlds and have tremendous impact throughout. However, a lack of understanding about the properties and chemical composition of small particles limits our ability to predict, and control their applications and impacts. Challenges in Characterizing Small Particles: Exploring Particles from the Nano- to Microscales summarizes presentations and discussions at a 2010 National Academies roundtable. Speakers at this roundtable discussed the crucial types of information that need to be determined about small particles in different media. They also explored the critical importance of small particles in environmental science, materials and chemical sciences, biological science, and engineering, and the many challenges involved in characterizing materials at the nano- and microscales. The discussions on characterization included static, dynamic, experimental, computational, and theoretical characterization. The workshop also included several "research tool" presentations that highlighted new advances in characterizing small particles.
Challenges in Chemistry Graduate Education
by National Research Council Division on Earth and Life Studies Board on Chemical Sciences and Technology Committee on Challenges in Chemistry Graduate Education; Board on Chemical SciencesChemistry graduate education is under considerable pressure. Pharmaceutical companies, long a major employer of synthetic organic chemists, are drastically paring back their research divisions to reduce costs. Chemical companies are opening new research and development facilities in Asia rather than in the United States to take advantage of growing markets and trained workforces there. Universities, especially public universities, are under significant fiscal constraints that threaten their ability to hire new faculty members. Future federal funding of chemical research may be limited as the federal budget tightens. All of these trends have major consequences for the education of chemistry graduate students in U.S. universities. To explore and respond to these intensifying pressures, the Board on Chemical Sciences and Technology held a workshop in Washington, DC, on January 23-24 2012, titled "Graduate Education in Chemistry in the Context of a Changing Environment." The workshop brought together representatives from across the chemical enterprise, representing leaders and future leaders of academia, industry, and government. The goal of the workshop was not to come to conclusions, but to have an open and frank discussion about critical issues affecting chemistry graduate education, such as the attraction and retainment of the most able students to graduate education, financial stressors on the current support model and their implications for the future model, competencies needed in the changing job market for Ph.D. chemists, and competencies needed to address societal problems such as energy and sustainability. Challenges in Chemistry Graduate Education: A Workshop Summary is organized into six chapters and summarizes the workshop on "Graduate Education in Chemistry in the Context of a Changing Environment."
Challenges in Fluid Dynamics: A New Approach
by R. Kh. ZeytounianThis monograph presents a synopsis of fluid dynamics based on the personal scientific experience of the author who has contributed immensely to the field. The interested reader will also benefit from the general historical context in which the material is presented in the book. The book covers a wide range of relevant topics of the field, and the main tool being rational asymptotic modelling (RAM) approach. The target audience primarily comprises experts in the field of fluid dynamics, but the book may also be beneficial for graduate students.
Challenges in Mechanics of Biological Systems and Materials, Thermomechanics and Infrared Imaging, Time Dependent Materials and Residual Stress, Volume 2: Proceedings of the 2023 Annual Conference & Exposition on Experimental and Applied Mechanics (Conference Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Mechanics Series)
by Christian Franck Karen Kasza Jon Estrada Rosa De Finis Geir Ólafsson Suhasini Gururaja Jevan Furmanski Aaron Forster Pavan Kolluru Mike Prime Tom Berfield Cahit AydinerChallenges in Mechanics of Biological Systems and Materials, Thermomechanics and Infrared Imaging, Time Dependent Materials and Residual Stress, Volume 2 of the Proceedings of the 2023 SEM Annual Conference & Exposition on Experimental and Applied Mechanics, the second volume of five from the Conference, brings together contributions to this important area of research and engineering. The collection presents early findings and case studies on fundamental and applied aspects of Experimental Mechanics, including papers in the following general technical research areas: Advanced Thermographic Techniques for SHM AM Composites and Polymers Experimental Techniques in Biomechanics and Mechanobiology Inverse Methodologies and Uncertainties in the Identification of Residual Stresses, Residual Stress IV Low Cost Thermographic Applications Multiscale Mechanics of Biological Materials NDE and Process Monitoring Residual Stress ThermomechanicsTime Dependence in Porous and Soft Materials
Challenges in Mechanics of Time Dependent Materials, Fracture, Fatigue, Failure and Damage Evolution, Volume 2: Proceedings of the 2019 Annual Conference on Experimental and Applied Mechanics (Conference Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Mechanics Series)
by Alireza Amirkhizi Meredith Silberstein Ryan B. Berke Garrett Pataky Xia Shuman Allison BeeseChallenges in Mechanics of Time-Dependent Materials, Volume 2 of the Proceedings of the 2019 SEM Annual Conference& Exposition on Experimental and Applied Mechanics, the second volume of six from the Conference, brings together contributions to this important area of research and engineering. The collection presents early findings and case studies on fundamental and applied aspects of Experimental Mechanics, including papers in the following general technical research areas: Characterization Across Length Scales Extreme Conditions & Environmental Effects Soft Materials and Biomaterials Damage, Fatigue and Fracture Structure, Function and Performance Rate Effects in Elastomers Viscoelasticity & Viscoplasticity Research in Progress In-situ Techniques and Microscale Effects on Mechanical Behavior Fracture and Fatigue in Brittle Materials Novel Experimental Methods Fatigue and Fracture in Extreme Environments Integration of Models and Experiments Failure in Elastomers and Gels Rate Effects in Elastomers Microscale and Microstructural Effects on Mechanical Behavior Mechanics of Energy Materials Additive Manufacturing: Fatigue and Fracture Mechanics of Composite Materials Interfacial and Mixed-Mode Fracture Vibration Effects and High Cycle Fatigue
Challenges in Mechanics of Time Dependent Materials, Mechanics of Biological Systems and Materials & Micro-and Nanomechanics, Volume 2: Proceedings of the 2021 Annual Conference & Exposition on Experimental and Applied Mechanics (Conference Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Mechanics Series)
by Alireza Amirkhizi Jacob Notbohm Nikhil Karanjgaokar Frank W DelRioChallenges in Mechanics of Time-Dependent Materials, Mechanics of Biological Systems and Materials, and Micro-and Nanomechanics, Volume 2 of the Proceedings of the 2021 SEM Annual Conference & Exposition on Experimental and Applied Mechanics, the second volume of four from the Conference, brings together contributions to this important area of research and engineering. The collection presents early findings and case studies on fundamental and applied aspects of Experimental Mechanics, including papers in the following general technical research areas: Characterization Across Length Scales Extreme Conditions & Environmental Effects Damage, Fatigue and Fracture Structure, Function and Performance Rate Effects in Elastomers Viscoelasticity & Viscoplasticity Research in Progress Extreme Nanomechanics In-Situ Nanomechanics Expanding Boundaries in Metrology Micro and Nanoscale Deformation MEMS for Actuation, Sensing and Characterization 1D & 2D Materials Cardiac Mechanics Cell Mechanics Biofilms and Microbe Mechanics Traumatic Brain Injury Orthopedic Biomechanics Ligaments and Soft Materials
Challenges in Mechanics of Time Dependent Materials, Volume 2: Proceedings of the 2017 Annual Conference on Experimental and Applied Mechanics (Conference Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Mechanics Series)
by Alireza Amirkhizi Alex Arzoumanidis Meredith SilbersteinChallenges in Mechanics of Time-Dependent Materials, Volume 2 of the Proceedings of the 2016 SEM Annual Conference& Exposition on Experimental and Applied Mechanics, the second volume of ten from the Conference, brings together contributions to this important area of research and engineering. The collection presents early findings and case studies on fundamental and applied aspects of Experimental Mechanics, including papers in the following general technical research areas: Extreme Environments & Environmental Effects Structure-Function of Performance of PE Effects of Inhomogeneities & Interfaces Characterization Across Scales Mechanics of Energy & Energetic Materials Metallic Materials Viscoelasticity & Viscoplasticity
Challenges in Mechanics of Time Dependent Materials, Volume 2: Proceedings of the 2015 Annual Conference on Experimental and Applied Mechanics (Conference Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Mechanics Series #37)
by Bonnie AntounChallenges in Mechanics of Time-Dependent Materials, Volume 2 of the Proceedings of the 2015SEM Annual Conference& Exposition on Experimental and Applied Mechanics, the second volume of nine from the Conference, brings together contributions to this important area of research and engineering. The collection presents early findings and case studies on fundamental and applied aspects of Experimental Mechanics, including papers in the following general technical research areas: Time-dependence in Metallic Materials Rate and Time Effects Additive Manufacturing General Materials Response
Challenges in Mechanics of Time Dependent Materials, Volume 2: Proceedings of the 2016 Annual Conference on Experimental and Applied Mechanics (Conference Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Mechanics Series #37)
by Bonnie Antoun Hongbing Lu H. Jerry Qi Alireza Amirkhizi Jevan Furmanski Alex Arzoumanidis Meredith SilbersteinChallenges in Mechanics of Time-Dependent Materials, Volume 2 of the Proceedings of the 2016 SEM Annual Conference& Exposition on Experimental and Applied Mechanics, the second volume of ten from the Conference, brings together contributions to this important area of research and engineering. The collection presents early findings and case studies on fundamental and applied aspects of Experimental Mechanics, including papers in the following general technical research areas: Extreme Environments & Environmental Effects Structure-Function of Performance of PE Effects of Inhomogeneities & Interfaces Characterization Across Scales Mechanics of Energy & Energetic Materials Metallic Materials Viscoelasticity & Viscoplasticity